TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTERS TOPICS GE NO

I INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION 02

1.2 OBJECTIVES 04

1.3 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES 04

II PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY 11

2.2 PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION 12

2.3 SWOT ANALYSIS 12

2.4 ORGANISATIONAL CHART 14

2.5 VISION AND MISSION OF THE COMPANY 14

III ACTIVITIES OF THE TRAINEE 16

IV FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS 23

V CONCULSION 30

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 CHAPTER – I
INDUSTRY PROFILE

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems,
or organization. To construct the act of building, and the construction: how something is
built, the nature of its structure. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design, and
continues until the asset is built and ready for use; construction also covers repairs and
maintenance work, any woks to expand, extent and its eventual demolition , dismantling or
decommissioning.

Professional, technical and managerial personnel often have higher

education qualifications, usually graduate degrees, and are trained to design and manage
construction processes. These roles require more training as they demand greater technical
knowledge, and involve more legal responsibility. Example roles (and qualification routes)
include:

• Architect – Will usually have studied architecture to degree level, and then undertaken
further study and gained professional experience. In many countries, the title of
"architect" is protected by law, strictly limiting its use to qualified people.
• Civil engineer – Typically holds a degree in a related subject and may only be eligible for
membership of a professional institution (such as the UK's ICE) following completion of
additional training and experience. In some jurisdictions, a new university graduate must
hold a master's degree to become chartered, and persons with bachelor's degrees may
become Incorporated Engineers.
• Building services engineer – May also be referred to as an "M&E" or "mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing (MEP) engineer" and typically holds a degree in mechanical or
electrical engineering.
• Project manager – Typically holds a 4-year or greater higher education qualification, but
are often also qualified in another field such as architecture, civil engineering or quantity
surveying.
• Structural engineer – Typically holds a bachelor's or master's degree in structural
engineering.

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• Quantity surveyor – Typically holds a bachelor's degree in quantity surveying. UK
chartered status is gained from the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.

ELAMARAN CONSTRUCTION

This study about my internship training to understand the features and various
function in Elamaran Constructions is fully integrated construction and infrastructure
developing company it’s started over 4 years in southern railways. Elamaran Construction
has executed major projects of highways contract in southern railways. With impregnable
engineering expertise, sophisticated sate-of-the -Art equipment, together with strong network
in major tier II cites and one union territory, southeast India. Elamaran construction is
responsible for landmark projects that have defined the progress mainly in the field of railway
contract.

According to the Constructor, a resource for civil engineers, there are different kinds
of construction companies:

• Construction managers -- supplies all of the required construction staff including

accounts, superintendents, expediters, and project managers
• General contractors -- typically focusing on either new buildings or alteration
projects; building contractors often subcontractor most of their word, while alteration
contractors usually hire their own staff.
• Owner- builders – a type of construction company that only builds buildings that it
will itself own – either for the purpose of selling on competition or renting and
operating.
• Package builders – also known as turnkey builders, take on responsibilities for
design and construction, as well as land acquisition and project financing.
• Program managers – construction manager or general contractor with expanded
services including demolition, financial analysis, hiring and supervising architecture
and design expertise, managing bidding process, pre-construction, site acquisition,
supervising, and tenant leasing.
• Real estate developers – a type of owner- builder construction company that can sell
the project either before or after project completion; home builders are a type of real
estate developer

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 • Small renovation constructions – work on job that require minimal amounts of
capital and estimation.
• Sponsor builders – most common with government – aided or subsidized projects;
responsibilities can include construction, design, planning, maintenance, management,
and rental.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

➢ To ensure that construction projects are successfully completed within the constraints
of best quality, stated period and with minimum cost possible.
➢ To keep a check on the project time, cost, quality, and safety.
➢ To measurable and achievable goals that indicate the desired level of quality for the
project deliverables and processes.
➢ Evolving a reputation for high quality workman ship
➢ Taking sound decisions at the lowest practical management level through delegation
of authority.
➢ Creating an organization that works as a team
➢ Motivating people to give of their best within their capacities.

1.3 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Broadly, there are three sectors of construction: buildings, infrastructure and

industrial:

• Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non-residential.

• Infrastructure, also called heavy civil or heavy engineering, includes large public works,
dams, bridges, highways, railways, water or wastewater and utility distribution.
• Industrial construction includes offshore construction (mainly of energy installations),
mining and quarrying, refineries, chemical processing , mills and manufacturing plants.

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The industry can also be classified into sectors or markets. For example, Engineering News-
Record (ENR), a US-based construction trade magazine, has compiled and reported data
about the size of design and construction contractors. In 2014, it split the data into nine
market segments: transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water,
manufacturing, sewer/waste, telecom, hazardous waste, and a tenth category for other
projects. ENR used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as
heavy contractors.

Building construction
Military residential unit construction by U.S. Navy personnel in Afghanistan Building
construction is the process of adding structures to areas of land, also known as real
property sites. Typically, a project is instigated by or with the owner of the property (who
may be an individual or an organisation); occasionally, land may be compulsorily
purchased from the owner for public use.

Residential construction

Residential construction may be undertaken by individual land-owners (self-build), by

specialist house builders, by property developers, by general contractors, or by providers
of public or social housing (e.g.: local authorities, housing associations). Where
local zoning or planning policies allow, mixed-use developments may comprise both
residential and non-residential construction (e.g.: retail, leisure, offices, public buildings,
etc.).

Non-residential construction

Construction of the Federal Reserve building in Kansas City, Missouri depending

upon the type of building, non-residential building construction can be procured by a wide
range of private and public organisations, including local authorities, educational and
religious bodies, transport undertakings, retailers, hoteliers, property developers, financial
institutions and other private companies. Most construction in these sectors is undertaken by
general contractors.

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Infrastructure construction

Civil engineering covers the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical
and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams,
tunnels, airports, water and sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways. Some general
contractors have expertise in civil engineering; civil engineering contractors are firms
dedicated to work in this sector, and may specialize in particular types of infrastructure.

Industrial construction

Industrial construction includes offshore construction (mainly of energy installations: oil and
gas platforms, wind power), mining and quarrying, refineries, breweries, distilleries and other
processing plants, power stations, steel mills, warehouses and factories.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS:

Some construction projects are small renovations or repair jobs, like repainting or
fixing leaks, where the owner may act as designer, paymaster and labourer for the entire
project. However, more complex or ambitious projects usually require additional multi-
disciplinary expertise and manpower, so the owner may commission one or more specialist
businesses to undertake detailed planning, design, construction and handover of the work.

Often the owner will appoint one business to oversee the project (this may be
a designer, a contractor, a construction manager, or other advisors); such specialists are
normally appointed for their expertise in project delivery and construction management and
will help the owner define the project brief, agree on a budget and schedule, liaise with
relevant public authorities, and procure materials and the services of other specialists
(the supply chain, comprising subcontractors and materials suppliers). Contracts are agreed
for the delivery of services by all businesses, alongside other detailed plans aimed at ensuring
legal, timely, on-budget and safe delivery of the specified works.

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• Planning: When applicable, a proposed construction project must comply with
local land-use planning policies including zoning and building code requirements. A
project will normally be assessed (by the 'authority having jurisdiction, AHJ, typically
the municipality where the project will be located) for its potential impacts on
neighbouring properties, and upon existing infrastructure (transportation, social
infrastructure, and utilities including water supply, sewerage, electricity,
telecommunications, etc.).

• Finance: Depending on the type of project, mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost
engineers may participate in creating an overall plan for the financial management of
a construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in
relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious
source of funding for a building project.
• Legal: A construction project is a complex net of construction contracts and other
legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the
exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, and provides structures
to manage issues. For example, construction delays can be costly, so construction
contracts set out clear expectations and clear paths to manage delays. Poorly drafted
contracts can lead to confusion and costly disputes.

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• Design: In the industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of
designs into reality. Most commonly (i.e.: in a design-bid-build project), the design
team is employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner. Depending upon the
type of project, a design team may include architects, civil engineers, mechanical
engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers, fire protection engineers,
planning consultants, architectural consultants, and archaeological consultants.
A 'lead designer' will normally be identified to help coordinate different
disciplinary inputs to the overall design. This may be aided by integration of
previously separate disciplines (often undertaken by separate firms) into multi-
disciplinary firms with experts from all related fields, or by firms establishing
relationships to support design-build processes
• On-site construction: Once contractors and other relevant professionals have been
appointed and designs are sufficiently advanced, work may commence on the project
site. Typically, a construction site will include a secure perimeter to restrict
unauthorised access, site access control points, office and welfare accommodation for
personnel from the main contractor and other firms involved in the project team, and
storage areas for materials, machinery and equipment.
According to the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and
Construction's definition, construction may be said to have started when the first
feature of the permanent structure has been put in place, such as pile driving, or the
pouring of slabs or footings.

• Commissioning and handover: Commissioning is the process of verifying that all

subsystems of a new building (or other assets) work as intended to achieve the
owner's project requirements and as designed by the project's architects and engineers.

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 • Defects liability period: A period after handover (or practical completion) during
which the owner may identify any shortcomings in relation to the building
specification ('defects'), with a view to the contractor correcting the defect.
• Maintenance, repair and improvement: Maintenance involves functional checks,
servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment, machinery, building
infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and
residential installations.
• Demolition: Demolition is the discipline of safely and efficiently tearing
down buildings and other artificial structures. Demolition contrasts with
deconstruction, which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving
valuable elements for reuse purposes (recycling – see also circular economy).

Laborers comprise a large grouping in most national construction industries. In

the United States, for example, in May 2021 the construction sector employed just
over 7.5 million people, of whom just over 820,000 were laborers, while 573,000
were carpenters, 508,000 were electricians, 258,000 were equipment operators and
230,000 were construction managers. Like most business sectors, there is also
substantial white-collar employment in construction – 681,000 US workers were
recorded by the United States Department of Labor as in 'office and administrative
support occupations' in May 2021.

Procurement
• Traditional or Design-bid-build
Design-bid-build is the most common and well-established method of
construction procurement. In this arrangement, the architect, engineer or builder acts
for the client as the project coordinator. They design the works, prepare specifications
and design deliverables (models, drawings, etc.), administer the contract, tender the
works, and manage the works from inception to completion. In parallel, there are
direct contractual links betweenthe client and the main contractor, who, in turn, has
direct contractual relationships with subcontractors. The arrangement continues until
the project is ready for handover.

• Design-build
Design-build became more common from the late 20th century, and involves the
client contracting a single entity to provide design and construction. In some cases,
the design-build package can also include finding the site, arranging funding and
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 applying for all necessary statutory consents. Typically, the client invites several
Design & Build (D&B)

contractors to submit proposals to meet the project brief and then selects a
preferred supplier. Often this will be a consortium involving a design firm and a
contractor (sometimes more than one of each). In the United States, departments of
transportation usually use design-buildcontracts as a way of progressing projects where
states lack the skills or resources, particularly for very large projects.

• Construction management
In a construction management arrangement, the client enters into separate
contracts with the designer (architect or engineer), a construction manager, and
individual trade contractors. The client takes on the contractual role, while the
construction or project manager provides the active role of managing the separate trade
contracts, andensuring that they complete all work smoothly and effectively together.
This approach isoften used to speed up procurement processes, to allow the client greater
flexibility in design variation throughout the contract, to enable the appointment of
individual work contractors, to separate contractual responsibility on each individual
throughout the contract, and toprovide greater client control.

The construction sector is visualized to play a powerful role in economic growth, in

addition to producing structures that adds to productivity and quality of life. economic
development is a term that economics politician and other have used frequently in the
20th century, modernization westernization and specially industrialisation are other terms
people have used while discussing economic development. economic development has a
direct relationship with the environment. government undertaking to meet go abroad
economic objectives such as price stability, high employment and sustainable growth,
such efforts include financial and economic policies, regulations of financial industry
trade and tax policies.

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 CHAPTER-II

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

Construction is the oldest and one of the largest industries in the world with its market
size of about ten trillion US dollars. Construction is traditionally a contracting business right
from the good old days, the industry comprises of a very large number of small firms. Now
the construction industry is one of the largest industries in any economy. It makes a
significant contribution to the national economy and provides employment to a large number
of people.

Continuous interaction and dealing with our tender project and officers enables us to
complete our work on time and with great efficiency. Quality forms an integral part of
Elamaran Construction commitment and we aim to maintain the highest degree of
professional and personal ethics. The progress of the team of Elamaran const powers the
progress of the company.

Every accomplishment becomes a foundation for us to do better, to dream bigger, and

create a better future. Elamaran construction is one of the rapidly growing company. Our
responsibility, as industry leaders, drives us to be bold and embrace tougher challenges.

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 Elamaran Construction aim to become world’s leading infrastructure and construction
company.

2.2 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

Company Name – ELAMARAN CONSTRUCTION

Company Status – Active

ROC – ROC - Thanjavur

Registration Number - 33ACFPE8589D1ZL

Company Category – Central govt

Class of Company - Private

Activity – Construct a building , water tank, singnal room.

Number of Members – 200

2.2 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS
➢ High Efficiency • Resistance to New methods
➢ Skilled and Experienced staff • Resistance to Technology
➢ Excellent customer service, • High costs
➢ Experienced subcontractors • Specializes in Only One type of
project
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• Possibilities of working on future • Losing Clients to other competitors
projects • Uncertain Economic Conditions
• Adding new divisions in the company • Weather Conditions
• Following the latest trends • Quarantine

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13
2.3 ORGANISATIONAL CHART

Board of Directors

Executive Director

Finance Manager Project Manager General Manager Legal Counsel

Auditor Civil Supervisor Surveillance Compliance

Coordinator Coordinator

Budget Analyst Engineers Facilities HSE Engineer

Coordinator

Site Surveyor Maintenance

Supervisor

2.4 VISION AND MISSION OF THE ORGANISATION

Our vision:

To be the leading brand in construction recognised for quality and innovation,

supporting our staff and the communities in which we work, by being the contractor of choice
in our market.

Our mission:

Our mission is to understand our client needs to deliver high-quality buildings on time
and on budget. We will be recognised for being innovative and collaborative, developing our
team, having long – term relationships with our clients and supply chain, while contributing
to the community in which we operate.

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Values and Culture:

2.4.1 INTEGRITY: Understanding firm but fair, honest and

transparent.If it is not right, we don’t do it. If it is not true, we
don’t say it
2.4.2 TEAMWORK: Encouraging collaboration and mutual support to reinforce our
one- team approach. We encourage individual ownership, but work as a
team. We value the expertise, individuality and contribution of all colleagues,
working in support of each other and readily sharing good practice, in pursuit of
shared goals.
2.4.3 RESPECT: We keep our promises. We treat each other like we want to be treated
ourselves we respect the environment where we work With due regard to the
feelings, wishes, contributions and opinions of others.
2.4.4 COMMITMENT: Dedication to achieving excelling in all aspects of our
business.
2.4.5 INNOVATION: Encouraging new ideas that contribute to the success of the
company.
2.4.6 OWNERSHIP : Count on us and we will make it happen.

2.4.7 PASSION: We do it right, with quality & we are proud of

it.We are passionate about delivering superior service and take pride in achieving
this. We look to replicate success, learn from mistakes and develop the ideas,
innovation and practices that will help us improve and lead our market.
2.4.8 SAFETY: Ensuring a safe and healthy environment for our employees,
clients andthe community.

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 CHAPTER-III
3. ACTIVITIES OF THE TRAINEE:
TIMBER TESTING:

Timber can be tested on site for its moisture content. The moisture content is usually
expressed as a percentage and calculated as the difference between the weight of the
‘wet’ timber and the weight of the same sample after drying. For example, the moisture
content of a piece of timber weighing 500 g, and containing 250 g of water can be calculated
as follows:

(Weight of wet timber - weight of dry timber) / Oven-dry weight x 100

(500 - 250) / 250 x 100 = 100%.

OVEN DRY TESTING

This involves drying timber to a relatively constant weight in a ventilated oven at 102-
105°C. It is possible to establish a very accurate original moisture content percentage (%MC)
by drying a piece of timber in an oven for several hours, and testing it at regular intervals
until its weight stops changing.

While this method is accurate, it is a slow process which can, if rushed, burn
the timber or render it unusable because of deformations. It is also necessary to have the right
kind of ventilated oven, which means it is impractical in many instances.

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 USING A MOISTURE METER

Moisture meters for timber come in a variety of types but can be divided into two
general categories by the method of measurement:

▪ Pin-type meters: These use two or more electrodes to measure the moisture
content using electrical resistance. The more resistance to the electrical current the drier
the timber, since water is a conductor and timber is a natural insulator.
▪ Pinless moisture meters: These pass an electromagnetic wave through a sample using a
specialised scanning plate. It creates a reading of the average moisture content in the
scanning area.

TESTING BRICKS:

There are several different ways to test bricks, including:

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 • COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

A sample brick is placed on a compression testing machine and pressure is applied

until it fails. The ‘ultimate pressure’ level is recorded. Generally, five bricks are tested one at
a time, with the average ultimate pressure level being taken as the compressive strength of
the bricks.

• WATER ABSORPTION TEST

Bricks are weighed in their normal dry condition and then immersed in
fresh water for 24 hours. They are then weighed again. The difference between the weights
indicates the amount of water that has been absorbed by the brick. The
less water is absorbed the greater the quality. The amount should not exceed 20% of the dry
weight.

• EFFLORESCENSE TEST

Efflorescence is a crystalline, salty deposit that can occur on

the surfaces of bricks. It is generally a white or off-white colour with a powdery appearance.
To test for alkalis that may cause efflorescense, a brick is immersed in fresh water for 24
hours and then left to dry.

If the whitish layer is not visible on the surface then it demonstrates an absence of
alkalis in the brick. The ranges that should be followed are:

• About 10% of brick surface: Acceptable range.

• About 50% of brick surface: Moderate range.
• Over 50% of brick surface: Severely affected by alkalis.

• HARDNESS TEST

The brick surface is scratched. If no impression is left then it is of good quality.

• SIZE, SHAPE AND COLOUR TEST

Twenty bricks chosen at random are stacked lengthwise, width-wise and height-
wise, and inspected for uniformity of shape, size and colour.

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 • SOUNDNESS TEST

Two bricks are held in each hand and struck together. They should not break and a
clear metallic ringing sound should be made if they are good quality.

• STRUCTURE TEST

A sample brick is broken and carefully inspected. If it is good quality there should
be no flows, cracks or holes on the broken face.

TESTING OF SAND

• Bulking test

Sand can be tested when batching concrete by volume. A damp sand sample is
placed in a straight-sided container, filling to around two-thirds. A rule is inserted
to measure the depth of the damp sand (e.g. 150 mm). The damp sand sample is then
removed from the container and set aside. Clean water is poured to half fill the container.
The sand is then placed in the water in two halves and tamped down with a rod to remove
any air. The rule is inserted to measure the depth of the saturated sand (e.g. 124 mm).

The percentage of bulking can then be calculated as follows:

Bulking = difference in height between damp and saturated sand / depth of saturated sand

Bulking = (150 - 124) / 124 x 100 = 21%

Therefore, the volume of sand should be increased by 21% over that quoted in
the specification.

• Silt test

i. This test is used to measure the cleanliness of a sand sample by establishing the
percentage of silt present. This is important as too much silt will weaken the concrete.
ii. A salt water solution of 5 ml salt to 500 ml water is poured to 50 ml in
a measuring cylinder. The sand sample is then added up to the 50 ml mark. More
salt water solution is poured up to 150 ml before shaking the cylinder well.

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 iii. The mixture should be left to stand for 3 hours before measuring the height of
the silt which will have settled on top of the layer of sand. The height of
the silt layer should not be more than 6 ml, or 6% of the sand sample height.

TESTING CONCRETE:

• Slump test:

This can be used to ensure that subsequent concrete mixes are of the same
consistency.

A steel slump cone should be filled to a quarter depth and tamped 25 times with a tamping
rod. The filling and tamping should be repeated three more times until the cone is full and the
top levelled off. The cone is then removed and the resulting slump measured. If the mix is
consistent, the slump should remain the same for all the samples that are tested. The usual
slump specification is 50-75 mm.

• Cube test:

These can be made and crushed in a laboratory to check that the cured concrete has
obtained the required design strength. A standard 150 x 150 x 150 mm steel test
cube mould is used, thinly coated inside with mould oil. A concrete sample is taken from
the discharge outlet of mixer or from the point of placing on site. The mould is filled in three
equal layers (50 mm each), each layer being well tamped with at least 35 strokes.

The sample cube is covered with a damp sack or other covering and left for 24 hours
at a temperature of 4.4-21°C. The sample is then removed from the mould and stored
in water at a temperature 10-21°C until required for testing.

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 The cubes are generally tested at 7 and 28 days, using a
calibrated compression machine. The cubes are tested on the face perpendicular to the casting
face. A constant progressing force is exerted until the cubes fail. The reading at the failure is
the maximum compressive strength of the concrete.

• Rebound hammer test

A Schmidt hammer (also known as a Swiss or rebound hammer) is used to

measure the elastic properties or strength of concrete. The varying surface densities will
affect the impact and propagation of stress waves which can be recorded on a
numerical scale known as rebound numbers. These rebound numbers can be graphically
plotted to correspond with compressive strength.

• Penetration test

Also known as the Windsor probe test, this is a measure of the penetration of
a steel alloy rod, fired by a predetermined amount of energy, into a concrete sample. The
depth of penetration is inversely proportional to the concrete’s compressive strength.

• Pull out test

A number of circular bars of steel with enlarged ends are cast into
a concrete sample. At the appropriate time, the bar and a piece of concrete are pulled out
using a tension jack. Although the concrete fails in tension and shear, the pull
out force can be correlated to the compressive strength of the concrete.

• Vibration test

This uses an ultrasonic pulse to measure vibrations through a concrete sample.

The readings can then be used to correlate compressive strength.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

Specific Gravity of Aggregates can be measured by Pycnometer, and its value

generally lies between 2.5 to 3 for fine aggregates. The specific gravity of soil is defined as
the unit weight of the soil mass divided by the unit weight of distilled water at 4°C. Dry

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density of soil depends upon void ratio and specific gravity of soil. The specific gravity of
aggregate value lies between 2 to 3, which indicates the quality of the aggregate.

MATERIAL TESTING:

Construction materials testing involves the essential examination of all structural

materials used in the construction of a project. Building material testing helps in construction
by disclosing any issues that may lead to future deformities. An exam that is too easy or too
demanding will not accurately measure your students' understanding of the material.

COMPACTION:

Proctor's test is conducted to determine compaction characteristics of

soil. Compaction of soil is nothing but reducing air voids in the soil by densification.
Proctor's Compaction Test. This test is conducted to find out the compaction characteristics
of the soil. The plasticity test involves making some clay-like strips 3mm wide until they do
not break. Then moisture content is determined.

RAW MATERIAL ANALAYSIS:

Our tests and inspections include: Evaluation of material selection; Raw materials
analyses; Damage analyses and assessments; These tests are required so that
the materials that are used for construction to avoid any risk in the future.

ACHIEVEMENT TEST

• Achievement tests constitute an important tool in the school evaluation programme.

• It is necessary for the teacher to know how far the pupils have attained in a particular
subject – area.
• Any test that measures the attainments or accomplishments of an individual after a
period of training or learning is called an achievement test. (N.M. Dowinie)
• The main goal of any achievement test is to measure what sort of information the test-taker
already knows.

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 CHAPTER-IV
FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENT
➢ Construction
➢ Construction Manager
➢ Finance
➢ Project managers
➢ Civil engineers
➢ Estimating
➢ Marketing
➢ Safety manager
➢ Project execution
➢ Procurement
➢ Design
➢ Construction subcontractors
➢ Financial Management
➢ Construction engineering
➢ Legal
➢ Architects
➢ Construction Superintendent
➢ Pre – Construction
➢ Staffing
➢ Planning
➢ Safety officers
➢ Communicating to clients
➢ Compliance
➢ Contract administration
➢ Cost Management
➢ Managing the project timeline

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4.1 CONSTRUCTION:

Departments / Industry sectors. Professional & Technical department; Civil

construction department; Labour& Trades department. Civil engineering companies design
and specify the scope of project and may do projects like designing roads or bridges.
4.2 CONSTRUCTION MANAGER:
Hiring the construction manager assisting in project design and planning , including
material estimates, scheduling and staffing Creating project benchmarks.
4.3 FINANCE:
Finance director is a leaders in this role need to have experience in construction
because of the high level of competition , thin margins, and fast pace.
4.4 PROJECT MANAGER:
Towards the end of the project, managers draw block- chain based smart contracts to
affirm legal obligation and prevent financial fraud.

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4.5 CIVIL ENGINEER:
Construction engineering is a part of civil engineering. A civil engineer can apply for
any construction engineering job. Some projects may involve a contract administrator,
superintendent or field engineer, which act as assistants to facilitate the process.

4.6 ESTIMATING:
This person can be either in house or subcontracted by the general contractor.
4.7 MARKETING:
HR, Purchasing, Project, Engineering, Financial and marketing department. Each
company has variable tiers or levels to execute its plans, from management to operation to
marketing.
4.8 SAFETY MANAGER:
For instance, a construction firm that pays due attention to the safety management
function will see cascading benefits. Safety managers create and implement safety rules,
regulations and procedures to minimize the risk of accidents or injuries.

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4.9 PROJECT EXECUTION:
Monitoring your project execution phase is essential to the project performing as
planned. Project department is responsible for scheduling and managing for each project

4.10 PROCUREMENT :
Depending on the organization, procurement might be the responsibility of the general
contractor or subcontractors. These processes also affect procurement strategies. Entrusting
the work to various contractors and labourers. Procurement of various materials, tools, and
plants as and when required. Design, design management, design procurement and co-
ordination. Production drawings and specifications. Site inspection.

4.11 DESIGN:
Design-build became more common from the late 20th century, and involves the
client contracting a single entity to provide design and construction. Design Engineers;
Draughtsmen; Electrical Engineers; Electronic Engineers; Maintenance Technicians;
Manufacturing Engineers; Mechanical Engineers; Construction management usually includes
a wider variety of constraints to consider that are specific to the design and build of
construction projects. A common trend in industrial construction, particularly for large
projects, is to engage the services of a design/construct firm.

4.12 CONSTRUCTION SUBCONTRACTORS:

All of the following types of construction companies have a role to play in completing
the project, and they typically work under their own contract These firms range from general

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contractors, who oversee entire construction projects, to specialized subcontractors who focus
on particular aspects General contractors usually hire subcontractors to execute specific tasks.
Below are some of the main responsibilities of a general contractor. Some companies acquire
land and design the buildings, while others focus on the financial planning and execution
of construction.

4.12 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT:

Financial management is the business function concerned with profitability, expenses,

cash and credit. These are often grouped together under the rubric of maximizing the value of
the firm for stockholders. The discipline is then tasked with the "efficient acquisition and
deployment" of both short- and long-term financial resources, to ensure the objectives of the
enterprise are achieved.

Financial managers (FM) are specialized professionals directly reporting to senior

management, often the financial director (FD); the function is seen as 'staff', and not 'line'.
Financial management is generally concerned with short term working capital management,
focusing on current assets and current liabilities, and managing fluctuations in foreign
currency and product cycles, often through hedging.

The function also entails the efficient and effective day-to-day management of funds,
and thus overlaps treasury management. It is also involved with long term strategic financial
management, focused on i.a. capital structure management, including capital raising, capital
budgeting (capital allocation between business units or products), and dividend policy; these
latter, in large corporate, being more the domain of "corporate finance."

Financial management systems are the software and technology used by organizations
to connect, store, and report on assets, income, and expenses. Here, the discipline relies on a
range of products, from spreadsheets (invariably as a starting point, and frequently in total)
through commercial EPM and BI tools, often Business Objects (SAP), OBI EE (Oracle),
Cognos (IBM), and Power BI (Microsoft). See Financial modeling & Accounting for
discussion.

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4.13 CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING:

Construction engineering, also known as construction operations, is a professional

subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction,
and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bridges, airports,
railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects. Construction engineers learn
some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers as well as project management aspects.

At the educational level, civil engineering students concentrate primarily on the

design work which is more analytical, gearing them toward a career as a design professional.
This essentially requires them to take a multitude of challenging engineering science and
design courses as part of obtaining a 4-year accredited degree. Education for construction
engineers is primarily focused on construction procedures, methods, costs, schedules and
personnel management. Their primary concern is to deliver a project on time within budget
and of the desired quality.

Regarding educational requirements, construction engineering students take basic

design courses in civil engineering, as well as construction management course.

4.14 LEGAL:

• Checking of all the documents of the property.

• Give title clearance.
• Prepare legal agreements between the organization and its clients/landlords.
• Submission of legal documents to the concerned Government authority.
• Attending and pleading on behalf of the organization in case of any disputes.
• Formation of societies/apartments.
• Prepare the sale deed and handing over the completed schemes to
societies/apartments.

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4.15 ARCHITECTS:
Architects and engineers might specialize in planning, in construction field
management. Architects; Automation Engineers; CNC Operators; Consulting Engineers;
Control Systems Engineers; Cost Engineers; Design Engineers; Draughtsmen.

4.16 CONSTRUCTION SUPERINTENDENT:

Construction Superintendent Schedule, coordinate, and supervise employee and
subcontractor activities. Canstaff's Professional & Technical Department specialises in the
recruitment of technical and management personnel to the construction.

4.17 PRE- CONSTRUCTION:

Preconstruction · Assign a project manager. If the project manager hasn't already been
determined, you'll want to establish it now. Civil and infrastructure projects are typically
highly engineered with complex designs.

4.18 STAFFING:
Staffing refers to the continuous process of finding, selecting evaluating and
developing a working relationship with current or future employees. The main goal of
staffing is to fill the various roles within the company with suitable candidates.

4.19 PLANNING:
From designing to planning to scheduling to the build itself, each phase is
complicated and part of a more complex overarching process. Planning: A construction
manager uses planning to optimize resource use, reduce conflicts and solve problems
creatively. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design, and continues until the
asset is built and ready for use.

4.20 SAFETY OFFICERS:

Safety Officers; Carpenters; Hammer hands. Engineering Department. Construction
managers make sure to find and minimize hazards on construction sites for employee safety.
Safety manager. National average salary: $75,248 per year.

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 CHAPTER-V
CONCLUSION
I would like to say that this training program is an excellent opportunity for us to get
to the ground level and experience the things that we would have never gained through going
straight into a job. I am grateful to the SAKTHI INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND
MANAGEMENT STUDIES, POLLACHI for giving us this wonderful opportunity. The
main objective of the industrial training is to provide an opportunity to identify, observe and
practice how they are applicable in the real industry. It is not only to get experience on
technical practices but also to observe management practices and to interact with fellow
workers
The industrial training in ELAMARAN CONSTRUCTION was very useful and
interesting to study about the production and the hygienic practices in the dairy industry. This
training was very informative and advantageous for us it aided a lot knowledge to us.

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