Name: Nguyễn Đình Bảo Khang
Class: K47E
HOMEWORK
Reported Speech
- Direct Speech is the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks in Direct
Speech. "I’m take that photo," he said.
- Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words.
We do not use quotation marks in Reported Speech. He said he took that photo
*Say - Tell - Ask.
-We can use the verbs say and tell in direct and reported speech. Say is used with or
without a personal object. When used with a personal object
DS: He said to me “I do it for my mom” RS: He said that he did it for his mom
-Tell is always followed by a personal object
DS: “I do it for myself” she said to me RS: She told me that she did it for herself
-Ask is used in reported questions and commands. Ask is also used in direct questions
when it is followed by the person the words were spoken to.
:She said to me “take that pen for me, please” => She asked me to take that pen
for her
:He asked “do you need anything else ?” => he asked me if I needed anything
Direct speech Reported speech
“I use phone” he said He said that he used phone
“I’m using phone” he said He said that he was using phone
“I’ve used phone” he said He said that he had used phone
“I used phone” he said
He said that he had used phone
“I’ll use phone” he said
He said that he had been used phone
“I’ve been using phone” he said
He said that he was going to use phone
“I’m going to use phone” he said
He said that he could use phone
“I can use phone” he said
“I may use phone” he said He said that he might use phone
“I must use phone” he said He said that he had to/ must use phone
“I ought use phone” he said He said that he ought to use phone
“do you use your phone today?” she said to him She asked him if he used his phone today
“use your phone” she said to him She told him to use his phone
*Changing from Direct into Reported Speech (Statements)
- Inverted commas are omitted in Reported Speech. That is optional in reported
sentences: “I’m coming to you” she said => She said that she was coming to me
-When the reporting verb (said, told, etc.) is in the past, all the following verbs usually
change into a past form too. "I love this cake," she said. => She said she loved this
cake
- If the speaker expresses something which is believed to be true, the tenses may
change or remain unchanged. If something untrue is expressed, then the tenses
definitely change.
“He is my boyfriend” she said => she said that he is her boyfriend (true)
“buy a house is very cheap” he said => he said that bought a house was very
cheap (untrue)
- The Past Simple changes into the Past Perfect or can remain the same. When the
reported sentence contains a time clause, the tenses do not change.
"I was played this game before " she said. => She said she was/had been played
this game before
- If the reported sentence deals with the unreal past, type 2 or 3 conditionals or wishes,
the tenses remain the same. "It's time we went, " he said. -+ He said it was time they
went. "If I were you, I would apologise, " he said. -+ He said that it he were me, he
would apologise.
- Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the context.: “I will
ride your bike to my house” he said => he said that he would ride my bike to his
house
-Certain words change as follows depending on the context.
Direct Speech: this/these here come "buy me a dog, please " she said.
Reported Speech: that/those there go She told him to buy her a dog
*Reported Questions / Indirect Questions
-In reported questions the verbs are usually in the affirmative and the question mark
becomes a full stop. To report a question we use: a) ask + wh- word (who, where, etc)
when the direct question begins with a wh- word, b) ask + if/whether when the direct
question begins with an auxiliary verb (do, have, can, etc.). Pronouns, possessive
adjectives, tenses, time expressions, etc. change as in statements.
She said “how can I help you ?” => she asked me if she can help me
-We use indirect questions to ask for information/advice and reported questions to
report someone else's questions, suggestions, offers or requests. Indirect questions are
introduced with: Could you tell me ... ?, Do you know ... ?, I wonder ... , I want to
know ... , I doubt ... , etc. and their verb is in the affirmative. If the indirect question
starts with I wonder ... , I want to know ... or I doubt ... , then the question mark is
omitted. Question words (what, who, where, etc.) or whether can be followed by an
infinitive in the reported sentence.
She asked me, "Shall I lay down?" ,
Direct questions She asked me, "What is this thing?"
She asked me, "Where you want to go?"
She asked me whether laid down
Reported questions She asked me what was this thing.
She asked me where I wanted to go.
I wonder whether to lay down
Indirect questions Do you know what is this thing ?
Do you know where he want to go?
