A Computer-Based Information System (CBIS) is a system that uses
computer technology to collect, process, store, and distribute
information. It is a combination of hardware, software, people, and
procedures that work together to support decision-making, coordination,
control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.
In short: CBIS = Technology + Data + People + Processes
The main goal of CBIS is to help organizations make better decisions
and operate more efficiently by providing the right information at the
right time.
CBIS based on:-
Data:- Raw Facts, numbers, pictures, resources
Information:- Processing the raw facts and figures
System
Information system
Computer base
Data >>>> Processin
>> g information
Raw material Outcomes
System:-
System is a set of elements and components that
interact with one and other to achieve common goals .
Hardware, Software, are the component of system.
e.g:- Examination system, utility system, record of nadra,
railways online bookings.
Information System:-
An integrated set of components for collecting,
storing, processing data and for deliver information,
knowledge and digital products.
How Does a CBIS Work or Functions of information system?
Imagine a system that helps a company manage its inventory. Here’s
how it would work:
1. Input (Data Collection): Sensors, barcodes, or manual entries
capture details like what items are in stock and how many are sold.
This is data input.
2. Processing: The software processes this data. For example, it may
calculate how many items are left in stock after sales and how
many new items need to be ordered.
3. Storage: All the data (transactions, stock levels, etc.) is stored in a
database for future reference.
4. Output (Information): Reports and dashboards show the status of
inventory, which helps the management make decisions like
whether to reorder stock or stop sales of certain products.
Key Components of a CBIS:
1. Hardware: The physical devices (computers, servers, networking
equipment) that store and process data.
2. Software: The programs (applications, databases, and operating
systems) that help process and manage data.
3. Data: The raw facts, figures, and information that are processed to
make meaningful insights. This could be customer data, transaction
details, inventory levels, etc.
4. People: The users of the system, such as employees, managers,
and decision-makers who interact with the system and make
decisions based on the information it provides.
5. Processes: The procedures and rules that guide how data is
collected, processed, and used to generate useful information.
How Does a CBIS Work?
Imagine a system that helps a company manage its inventory. Here’s
how it would work:
1. Input (Data Collection): Sensors, barcodes, or manual entries
capture details like what items are in stock and how many are sold.
This is data input.
2. Processing: The software processes this data. For example, it may
calculate how many items are left in stock after sales and how
many new items need to be ordered.
3. Storage: All the data (transactions, stock levels, etc.) is stored in a
database for future reference.
4. Output (Information): Reports and dashboards show the status of
inventory, which helps the management make decisions like
whether to reorder stock or stop sales of certain products.
+------------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+|
| Hardware | ----> | Software | ----> | Data |
+------------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+
| | |
v v v
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| People & Processes |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|
v
+-------------------+
| Output/Info |
| (Reports/Dashboards) |
+-------------------+
Types of CBIS:
CBIS can be classified into different types depending on the purpose
they serve. Here are a few examples:
1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Handle routine, day-to-
day transactions.
o Example: A bank ATM system that processes withdrawals,
deposits, and balance inquiries.
2. Management Information Systems (MIS): Help in making
management decisions by summarizing the data collected by TPS.
o Example: A hotel management system that summarizes
bookings, occupancy rates, and revenue to help managers
make decisions.
3. Decision Support Systems (DSS): Help managers make decisions
by analyzing data, modeling scenarios, and providing insights.
o Example: A sales forecasting system that predicts future
sales based on historical data and market trends.
4. Expert Systems (ES): Mimic human expertise to solve complex
problems.
o Example: A medical diagnosis system that helps doctors
diagnose diseases based on symptoms.
5. Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP): Integrate all the
processes within an organization into one unified system.
o Example: SAP ERP, used by companies to manage
everything from finance to human resources in a single
system.
