GEOGRAPHY(GS)
(Prelims-cum-Mains)
MODULES
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
MODULE–1: India Locational setting and Physiographic Regions
• Location, Size and Relationship with neighbouring countries
• Northern Mountains– Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and North-East Hilly Region
• Great Plains– Indo Gangetic plains
• Peninsular Plateau– Central Highlands, Deccan Plateau, Shillong Plateau
• Coastal Plains and Islands
• Thar Desert
MODULE–2: Indian Drainage System
• Concept of Watershed
• Himalayan Rivers
• Peninsular Rivers
• Hydro-Electricity Projects
• River Disputes
• River Pollution – Ganga Action Plan
• Interlinking of Rivers
MODULE–3: Indian Climate
• Concept of Monsoon and Mechanism of South-West Monsoon, Characteristics of Monsoon
• Seasons – Winter, Summer, Rainy and Retreating Monsoon season
• Tropical cyclone
• Climate change in Indian perspective
MODULE–4: Indian Soils
• Soil formation– Processes and factors
• Types of soil– Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, Mountain, Peaty and saline soils
• Soil erosion, soil conservation
MODULE–5: Natural Vegetation of India (Forest)
• Types of Natural Vegetation (forests)
• Forest Policy
• Forest Acts
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MODULE–6: Indian Agriculture
• Agriculture seasons and major crops in various parts of the country
• Cropping pattern
• Different types of Irrigation and Irrigation system storage
• Challenges and Problems of Indian Agriculture
• Green Revolution, Second Green Revolution, White Revolution, Blue Revolution, Pink Revolution etc.
• Allied activities of Agriculture.
MODULE–7: Mineral Resources – India
• Energy Resources– Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Conventional sources and Non-conventional sources of energy.
• Energy Crisis and Energy security
• Metallic Minerals
• Non Metallic Minerals
• Mineral Policy
MODULE–8: Manufacturing (Industries) in India
• Agro Based Industries– Cotton textile, Jute textile, Silk textile, Woollen textile, Sugar mills, Paper industries, their
locational Patterns, Problems and Challenges.
• Mineral Based Industries– Iron and Steel, Automobile, Petro Chemical, Fertilizer, Aluminium, Industries etc.
Their locational patterns, problems and challenges.
MODULE–9: Transportation–India
• Modes of Transport, Roadways, Railways, Waterways – Seaways and Inland, Waterways, Airways, Pipelines
and Oil Refineries.
• Challenges and Remedies in Transport sectors
MODULE–10: Miscellaneous Topics of Indian Geography
• Population
• Region and Major Tribal groups.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
MODULE–11: Lithosphere (Geomorphology)
• Internal structure of the Earth – Crust, Mantle, Core
• Types of Rocks Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks
• Continental drift theory
• Sea floor spreading
• Plate tectonics theory
• Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanics activity, Mountain building, ocean ridge formation etc.
• Weathering and Erosion
• Important fluvial landforms, Glacial landforms, Aeolian landforms.
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MODULE–12: Atmosphere (Climatology)
• Composition and structure of Atmosphere
• Temperature and Pressure belts
• Winds– Global, Regional and Local winds
• Types of Clouds, Fog & Precipitation
• Climate change, especially with respect to water bodies, ice caps, flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
MODULE–13: Hydrosphere (Oceanography)
• Water Resource
• Ocean Bottom Relief
• Distribution of Salinity and temperature in oceans
• Ocean Water Movement— Waves, Tides, Ocean currents
• Coral Reefs
WORLD GEOGRAPHY (CONTINENT WISE)
MODULE–14: Africa, Australia, Antarctica
MODULE–15: North America, South America
MODULE–16: Europe, Asia
MODULE–17: Economic Geography of world
• Distribution of Key Natural Resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian
Subcontinents)
MODULE–18: Locational patterns of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sector industries in various parts of
the world (including India)
Civil Services Examination (CSE) Prelims: Previous Year Questions
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Geographical Feature Region
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5
6
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City River
List I List II
(Geographic feature) (Country)
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
A B C D
Theory/Law Associated Scientist
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List-I (City) List-II (River)
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
A B C D
Assertion (A):
Reason (R):
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Civil Services Examination (CSE) Mains: Previous Year Questions
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