PERCEPTION REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA

VIRUS VACCINE AMONG SECONDARY LEVEL

SECONDARY LEVEL GIRLS AT A SELECTED SCHOOL IN DINAJPUR
PERCEPTION REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE AMONG

GIRLS AT A SELECTED SCHOOL IN DINAJPUR

THE RESEARCH REPORT IS SUBMITTED FOR

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
NURSING

BY
PURNIMA RANI
Reg. No. :202003304052
Session :2019-2020

DINAJPUR NURSING COLLEGE, DINAJPUR

RAJSHAHI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

SEPTEMBER, 2024
September

2024
 PERCEPTION REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA
VIRUS VACCINE AMONG SECONDARY LEVEL
GIRLS AT A SELECTED SCHOOL IN DINAJPUR

THE RESEARCH REPORT IS SUBMITTED FOR

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN
NURSING

BY
PURNIMA RANI
Reg. No. :202003304052
Session :2019-2020

DINAJPUR NURSING COLLEGE, DINAJPUR

RAJSHAHI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

SEPTEMBER, 2024

i
 Dedicated To

My Beloved Parents

My Younger Sister

And

Respected Guide Teachers For Their

Unconditional Love & Support

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I would like to express my "thanks to Almighty God” who has given ability
to complete the research work successfully."

It is great pleasure to express my deepest sense of gratitude and profound regards to the
principal of this college Kohinoor Begum Principal of Dinajpur Nursing College,
Dinajpur for providing all sorts of facilities to conduct this study along with
administrative support.

I wish with pleasure to express my heartfelt respect, deepest gratitude and sincere
appreciation to my supervisors Mst. Afroja Khatun, Nursing instructor of Dinajpur
Nursing college. For their scholastic guidance precious suggestion constant
encouragement and kind co-operation in carrying out the research work and writing up
of the thesis.

I also wish with pleasure to express my heartfelt respect, deepest gratitude to my subject
teacher, Sajeda Khatun Lecturer of Dinajpur Nursing College, Monera Parvin &
[Link] Khatun Nursing instructor of Dinajpur Nursing College, Dinajpur for
her scholastic guidance, precious suggestions, constant encouragement and kind co-
operation in carrying out the research work and writing up of the thesis. Finally, I
express my indebtedness to my parents for their prayerful concern, moral support, and
patience during the completion of this research work and thesis.

I wish thanks to all respondents who co-operated me a lot during collection of data
through giving me their time and available information. Finally, I express my
indebtedness to my parents for their prayerful concern, moral support, and patience
during the completion of this research work and thesis.

Purnima Rani

Dinajpur Nursing College,

Dinajpur

iii
 CONTENT

SL No Items Page no

Abstract vii

CHAPTER-01:INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1-4

1.2 Justification of the study 5

1.3 Research Question 6

1.4 Research Objectives 6

1.4.1-General objective

1.4.2-Specific objectives

1.5 List of Variables 7

1.5.1-Independent variables

1.5.2-Dependent variable

1.6 Operational Definition 8

CHAPTER -02:LITERATURE REVIEW

Review Literature 9-15

CHAPTER -03:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Design 16

3.2 Study Period 16

3.3 Study Place 17

SL No Items Page no

3.4 Study Population 17

3.5 Selection Criteria 17

3.6 Sample Size 18

3.7 Sampling Technique 18

3.8 Data Collection Tool 19

3.9 Data Collection Technique 19

3.10 Data processing 19

3.11 Data analysis 20

3.12 Ethical consideration 20

CHAPTER -04:RESULTS

4.1 Socio-demographic Information 21-29

4.2 Perception Regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine 30-42

CHAPTER -05:DISCUSSION

Discussion 43-47

CHAPTER -06:CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Conclusion 48-51

6.2 Implications of the study

6.3 Limitations of the study

6.4 Recommendations
 SL No Items Page no

REFERENCE

Reference 52-58

APPENDIX

Appendix i-vii

LIST OF TABLES

SL No Items Page no

Sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents

Table-01 Distribution of the respondents according to age 21

Table-02 Distribution of the respondents according to their

family member 28

Table-03 Distribution of the respondents according to their

Monthly family income 29

Table- Perception regarding human papilloma virus

(01-11) vaccine among secondary level girls 30-42

 LIST OF FIGURES

SL No Items Page no

Figure-01 Distribution of the respondents by religion 22

Figure-02 Distribution of the respondents by educational

status 23

Figure-03 Distribution of the respondents by marital status 24

Figure-04 Distribution of the respondents by socio-

economic status 25

Figure-05 Distribution of the respondents by residence 26

Figure-06 Distribution of the respondents by maternal

educational status 27
 ABSTRACT

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a common cause of cervical

cancer in women and HPV vaccine is the most effective way. Women should be aware
of cervical cancer, HPV and its vaccine. This calls for assessment of the Know of HPV
infection and the acceptability of HPV vaccine among girls. Objectives: The aim was
to asses the perception regarding human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine among
secondary level girls at Police Line High School, Dinajpur. Methods: It is a cross-
sectional study. A total 60 respondents were selected purposively by semi structure
questionnaire from Police Line High School. Dinajpur. The study was conducted for 6
(six) months during march 2023 to October 2023. Based on literature review
questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were face to face
interview by manually sampling technique was select sample. All questionnaires were
measured by the dichotomous scale, with a score of 1 for yes and 0 for no, calculated
by summing the total items 0-25. Result: In this study also revealed that out of 60
participants the mean age was 17.58 & standard deviation ± 2.34. The instrument was
calculated by level 01-08) is low perception, (09-16) is moderate perception, (17-25) is
high perception. .Researcher found result 13.25 which refers the level is moderate.
Researcher knows that the level (01- 08) was low level, (09-16) was moderate level and
(17-25) was high level. These information could be used the target quality improvement
activities that appropriate teaching learning facilities and awareness to be improved
among respondents & improve activities that community programme and health
education. Conclusion: Perception of human papilloma virus vaccine was found to be
moderate at police line high school in Dinajpur. These information could be used the
target quality improvement activities that appropriate teaching learning facilities and
awareness to be improved among respondents & improve activities that community
programme and health education.

_____________________________________________________________________

Keyword: Human papilloma virus, vaccination, cervical cancer.

vii
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is currently one of the most common infectious

diseases of human reproductive tract and is now a global concern (Idowu, Olowookere,

Israel, Akinwumi, 2019; Salwa and Al-Munim, 2018). HPV is the leading cause of

cervical cancer that occurs premature deaths in women in their reproductive age.( Israel,

Ogbu, Ingwu, Chinenye, Chikeme, 2019; Ortashi, Raheel, Shahal, Osman, 2013).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a group of 200 known viruses, is a small,

non enveloped deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infects skin or mucosal cells

(WHO, 2024). Human papilloma virus has many different serotypes,however for

general discussion purpose mostly the serotypes 6,11,16 and 18 are considered. Among

these four serotypes, 6 and 11 are regarded to be non-oncogenic and account for more

than 90% benign infections while 16 and 18 are considered to be oncogenic eventually

contributing for almost 70% cervical cancers globally ( Safiullah, Aurangzaib, Qureshi,

Hameedullah, Oureshi, Arfeen, 2016).

Human Papilloma Virus( HPV) infection is a global public health issue (Sultana, 2021).

Approximately half of the sexually active men and women are estimated to have HPV

infection at one time during their lifetime ( Ndikom and Oboh, 2017). There are many

recognized risk factors for cervical cancer infection with human papillomavirus (HPV),

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), early age of marriage, multiple sexual partners,

multiple pregnancies, poor genital hygiene, long-term use of hormonal contraceptives,

smoking and sexual intercourse at young age. Out of these multiple reasons, HPV

Page - 1
infection is considered to be the biggest contributing factor for HPV (Patel, Dongara,

Mungala, Chapla, Phatak, Nimbalkar, 2021) and 12% of all females are thought to be

infected at any time. (Ortashi, Raheel, Shahal, Osman, 2013). For HPV, every 2 min

one women passes away of cervical cancer (Eva et al., 2024).One way of prevention is

through vaccination against oncogenic HPV, which are highly effective in adolescent

girls and women especially if administered to them before they engage in sexual activity

( Israel, Ogbu, Ingwu, Chinenye, Chikeme, 2019). Vaccination against HPV is

recommended to avoid human papillomavirus infections and its associated diseases,

including cervical cancer (Eva et al., 2024). HPV vaccine convey the impression that

cervical cancer is 100% preventable if the vaccine is taken. ( Salwa and Al-Munim,

2018).

Dr. Papanicolaou introduced the first ever work on cervical cancer prevention using

cervical/vaginal smear (Pap smear), his work was not recognized until 1943 when his

paper "Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear" was published. Organized

cervical screening has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical

cancer significantly. Until recently cervical screening was the only acceptable method

of cervical cancer prevention. However in June 2006, HPV vaccine was approved by

Food and Drug Administration in United States of America for primary prevention of

cervical cancer. HPV vaccine rapidly gained popularity in many countries and is

licensed now in more than 150 countries all over the globe. In 2008, the Health

Authority-Abu Dhabi introduced HPV vaccine free of charges for all school girls

entering grade 11 in Abu Dhabi State whether they are national or not. Abu Dhabi

Page - 2
became the first state in the Middle East to introduce HPV vaccine. The Abu Dhabi

HPV vaccination program is a school based program (Ortashi, Raheel, Shahal, Osman,

2013 ). Two types of HPV vaccines have been developed and clinically evaluated for

prophylactic vaccination. Gardasil (Merck and Co., USA) and Cervarix

(GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium) have been approved in several countries like USA,

Australia and in the European Union (Tripathy, Mohapatra, Muthulakshmi, 2015).

In Bangladesh, in 2016, the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine was introduced in

Bangladesh through the implementation of a demonstration project in Gazipur district,

which is located close to the capital city of Dhaka. This demonstration project is

governed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh through the

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), with financial support from the Global

Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance). Eventually HPV

vaccination is expected to be included in the nationwide immunization program if the

demonstration project is deemed successful ( Salwa and Al-Munim, 2018). The

Ministry of Family and Health Welfare of Bangladesh (MoHFW) plans to integrate the

HPV vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) launching its initial

phase of vaccination targeting adolescent girls 10-15 years in educational institutions

(Eva et al., 2021).

For the effectiveness of this preventive measure to be achieved, the intended recipients

need to be knowledgeable about the vaccine and accept it as an important prevention

Page - 3
strategy. The vaccine also needs to be available to the target group and the target

population for immunization with the vaccines are teenage girls from age 9 to 14 years,

although it can be offered to young people up to the age of 26 years. ( Israel, Ogbu,

Ingwu, Chinenye, Chikeme, 2019; Ezeanochie and Olasimbo, 2020). The Advisory

Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) suggests HPV vaccination at 11 or 12

years, though vaccination can start at nine years (Eva F N et al., 2021). Adolescents 14

years or younger according to now require just 2 doses for full protection, with an

interval of at least 6 months and up to 12 or 15 months between doses ( Israel, Ogbu,

Ingwu, Chinenye, Chikeme, 2019). Even previously, organised population based

screening for premalignant disease of the cervix resulted in an 80% reduction in the

incidence of cervical cancer. (Ezeanochie and Olasimbo, 2020).

Government adopted cervical cancer screening by visual inspection of cervix with

acetic acid (VIA) method following World Health Organization (WHO)

recommendation for resource constrain countries and the guideline of Bangladesh

recommends screening of women above 30 years of age with a screen coverage between

30 and 60 at every 5 years ( Uddin, Sumon, Pervin, Sharmin, 2023). The effectiveness

of HPV vaccination is higher where there is a strong screening system (Salwa and Al-

Munim, 2018).

Study investigated the perception of human papilloma virus vaccine among secondary

level girls at Police Line High School, Dinajpur. The result of this study will provide

the available information.

Page - 4
1.2 JUSTIFICATION:

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted infection

globally, it is a necessary cause for all cases of cervical cancer, 12% of all females are
thought to be infected at any time. HPV infection is also responsible for a wide range
of cancers along with some other diseases like cancers of vulva and vagina in females,
cancer of penis in males and cancers of anus and head and neck cancer in both sexes
(Ortashi, Raheel, Shalal, Osman, 2013).

HPVs causing not only the vast majority of cervical cancer (99.7%), but also a
substantial proportion of other anogenital and head and neck cancer ( Sultana, 2021).
Knowledge of HPV and its vaccine is very important for the prevention of health
hazards caused by HPV ( Challa, Madras, Challa, 2014). For this common and major
public health issue, we need to go for a long way and take necessary steps to reduce the
risk of HPV related infections and diseases.

At that time adolescent girls and women are most at risk of affecting the virus and its
gruesomeness is very dangerous. I will provide information about HPV and its severity
so that they ensure the prophylactic vaccination against HPV and even screening
facilities. In this circumstances, I want to measure the perception of human
papillomavirus vaccine among girls at this school.

Page - 5
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION:

What is the level of perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine among

secondary school level girls in Police Line High School in Dinajpur?

1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:

General Objective:

To assess the level of perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine

among secondary level school in Police Line High School in Dinajpur.

Specific Objective:

✓ To assess the level of perception regarding concept of human papilloma virus

vaccine among secondary level school.

✓ To identify the sociodemographic criteria of the students.

Page - 6
1.5 LIST OF VARIABLES:

Independent Variables:

▪ Age

▪ Religion

▪ Educational status

▪ Martial status

▪ Type of residence

▪ Maternal education

▪ Number of family member

▪ Family income.

Dependent Variables:

▪ Perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine.

Page – 7
1.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Perception : Perception is a subjective process influenced by individual differences,

meaning how one person perceives something will be totally different from another.

Human Papilloma virus : A group of viruses that infect the cells on the surface of the

skin or on the moist surfaces or inner lining of some organs and body cavities, such as

the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anus, mouth, and throat.

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine : Human papilloma virus vaccines are vaccines that

prevent infection by certain types of human papilloma virus.

Vaccine : A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired

immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.

Vaccination : Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune

system develop immunity from a disease.

Page - 8
 CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
 Literature Review

A good number of review of books, journal, articles dissertation etc, were reviewed to

gather information about human papilloma virus and human papilloma virus vaccine

related factors Finding from the literature were used in the different sections of the

thesis. These are state below:

Patel I S, Dongara A R, Mungala B M, Chapla A, Phatak A G, Nimbalkar S M, 2021

conducted a cross-sectional study in India entitled on Knowledge and Attitude about

Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine among Medical and Paramedical

Students of a University. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and

attitude in medical and paramedical students about cervical cancer and HPV

vaccination. This study was conducted in medical and paramedical females students

aged 18-25 years of a university located in rural part of western India. The study

spanned over 6 months from September 2016 to March 2017. The responds rate was

73%.School education, television, and printed advertisements appeared to be

underutilized. The study shows the dismal knowledge levels about HPV amongst

students. Participants were interested in seeking knowledge; consider HPV vaccination

provided they were provided with sufficient knowledge.

Ezeanochie M, Olasimbo P, 2020 conducted a cross-sectional study in Nigeria entitled

on Awareness and Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines among Female

Secondary School Students in Benin City, Nigeria. The aim was to evaluate awareness

Page - 9
about HPV, the prevalence of HPV immunisation and its associated factors among the

study population. The majority of the participants were between 14 to 18 years (58.6%).

Almost all the participants (>97%) had not heard of HPV, HPV Vaccines and Cervical

cancer. In addition, 2 (0.9%) persons correctly identified that the virus can be

transmitted sexually while only 1 person (0.5%) had received the HPV vaccine. The

respondents all agreed that they needed to be enlightened about HPV, HPV vaccines

and Cervical cancer. Majority (49.3%) of the girls suggested that this could be done

through the mass media (49.3%) or their parents (32.1%). HPV immunisation,

knowledge of HPV vaccines and cervical cancer among study population was very low.

They recommend interventions in schools to increase knowledge about cervical cancer

and HPV vaccines.

Ortashi O, Raheel H, Shalal M, Osman N, 2013 conducted a cross-sectional study in

UAE entitled on Awareness and Knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus Infection

and Vaccination among Women in UAE. The aim of the study was to assess the

knowledge of women regarding HPV infection and vaccine in UAE. A study of 640

women aged 18-50 years was conducted in Al-Ain district in UAE using convenience

sampling from April to October 2012. The knowledge of HPV infection and vaccine is

low in the UAE. Few women recognised HPV as sexually transmitted infection.

Increasing age and husband’s education are associated with better knowledge of HPV

infection.

Page - 10
Eva F N et al., 2024 conducted a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh entitled on

Awareness of HPV Vaccine and It’s Sociodemographic Determinants among The

Parents of Eligible Daughters in Bangladesh. The aim of the study to explore HPV

vaccine awareness and its determinants among parents of eligible adolescents girls. The

study was conducted among the parents of daughters aged 9-15 years from 42 out of 64

randomly selected districts of Bangladesh between June 28 to August 2, 2023. A

multistage sampling method was used to enroll 2151 study participates from all eight

divisions of Bangladesh. The strength if the study lies in its comprehensive analysis of

sociodemographic determinants impacting HPV vaccine awareness. The study's

limitations include its cross-sectional design, which provides a snapshot of HPV

vaccine awareness but lacks the ability to establish casual relationships or track changes

over time.

Israel C E, Ogbu N N, Ingwu JnA, Chineye A J, Chikeme P C, 2019 conducted a cross-

sectional study in Nigeria entitled on Knowledge and Acceptance of Human Papilloma

Virus Vaccine among Secondary School Students in Queens Model Secondary School,

Enugu, Nigeria. The study determined the knowledge and acceptance of HPV Vaccine

among Secondary School Students in Queens Model Secondary School Enugu. Sample

size of 368 students was determined using the power analysis at 95% confidence

interval and 5% error margin. Only 51 (13.86%) of the respondents have heard of HPV

vaccine. Majority 97.3% were willing to receive a vaccine that can prevent cervical

cancer and 98.1% were respondents agreed to recommend a vaccine that can prevent

Page - 11
cervical cancer for others for fear of death and cancer for their safety. Health education

on HPV vaccine should be made available to young girls to enable them take advantage

of this service before the resumption of sexual activity.

Barrett C, Scoular S, and Borgelt L M, 2019 conducted a descriptive study in US

entitled on Knowledge, Perception, and Uptake of the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine

in a Sample of US High School Adolescents. The aim of the study to assess high school

students knowledge and perceptions of human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV

vaccines and evaluate high school students self-reported uptake of the HPV vaccine.

The study was conducted among 14-19 years attending 2 public schools at high school

adolescents in Aurora, Colorado. 92 surveys were included in the analysis. HPV vaccine

awareness was low and many students did not know if they had received the HPV

vaccine. Ninth grade students did not have accurate knowledge of HPV and HPV

vaccine and this study presents opportunities for increased education.

Safiullah, Aurangzaib S, Qureshi M S H, Hameedullah, Qureshi B W, Arfeen, 2016

conducted a cross-sectional study in Kuwait entitled on Awareness and Acceptance of

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination among Medical Students of Peshawar Medical

College. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness and attitude of

senior medical students towards HPV vaccination. All the 196 students enrolled in

fourth and final year MBBS were surveyed through a pretested and structured

Page - 12
questionnaire on basic knowledge regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccine out of

which 166 students responded to the questions. The response rate was 84.6%. The study

duration was approximately 4 months. The level of awareness and knowledge regarding

different aspects of cervical cancer and HPV vaccine and attitude of medical students

towards HPV vaccine is appreciable however still an a appreciable number of students

are unaware regarding different aspects of HPV vaccine which needs to be addressed

in order to pave a way towards effective vaccination program to decrease the incidence

of cervical cancer and HPV related infections.

Tripathy S, Mohapatra S, Muthulakshmi M, Rani J R, 2015 conducted a cross-sectional

study in India entitled on Knowledge, Attitude Towards Human Papilloma Virus and

HPV Vaccine among Medical Students of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. The

objective of the study was to assess of the human papilloma virus (HPV) Infections and

vaccination among the young students of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The medical

students of first year to third year both genders during the study period (March 201-

April 2013) were included in the study. About 94.3% of students implicated that HPV

is a causative agent of cervical cancer and 5.7% students didn't know about the

association. Lack of knowledge among medical students can be detrimental to the

health of the society. So, there is a need to create awareness among the future health

educators against various aspects of HPV, cervical cancers and its prevention.

Page - 13
Ndikom C M and Oboh P I, 2017 conducted a cross-sectional study in Nigeria entitled

on Perception, Acceptance and Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Papilloma Virus

Vaccine among Female Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The study aimed at determining perception, acceptance and uptake of human

papillomavirus vaccine among female adolescents in selected secondary schools in

Ibadan, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 296 female

adolescent senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was

conducted among 296 female adolescent senior secondary school students in Ibadan,

Nigeria. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling method and data were

collected using self-administered questionnaire. Since knowledge about Human

Papilloma Virus Vaccination is quite low, there is need to increase awareness about the

Vaccination among female adolescents and their mothers. Also, peer educators in

schools can be trained to improve awareness in schools so as to reduce the incidence of

cervical cancer. Since knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination is quite

low, there is need to increase awareness about the Vaccination among female

adolescents and their mothers.

Idowu A, Olowookere S A, Israel O K, Akinwumi A F, 2019 conducted a cross-sectional

study in Nigeria entitled on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptability and Uptake

Ndikom C M and Oboh P I, 2017 conducted a cross-sectional study in Nigeria entitled.

The aim of the study to assess predictors of HPV vaccine uptake among medical and

paramedical students in the study population. Using Leslie-Kish formula for estimating

single proportion in a population that is less than 10,000 people, a minimum sample

Page - 14
size was estimated for the study. Considering the result of a similar study conducted

among medical students of Lagos University Teaching Hospital by 21% of our study

participants were assumed to have good knowledge of HPV vaccine. Tolerable margin

of error was set at 5% and a non-response rate of 10% was envisaged among the

respondents and corrected for. A cluster factor of 2 was used and a minimum sample

size of 284 was estimated. The knowledge and practice of most of our respondents on

HPV vaccination were low but acceptability rate was high. Most respondents were

happy to recommend the vaccine to their loved ones.

Page - 15
 CHAPTER – 3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 Research Methodology

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess the perception regarding

human papilloma virus vaccine among girls students. Study sample were selected from

Police Line High School in Dinajpur. Data were collected by interviewing from

students. This study was conducted as per following methodology.

3.1 Study Design

The study was a descriptive cross sectional study on students regarding human

papilloma virus vaccine among students from Police Line High School in Dinajpur.

3.2 Study Period

The study was conducted from July to December [Link] was started with literature

review then proposed title presentation and approved by school ethical committee of

the school, Dinajpur. The following weeks were for questionnaire presentation.

Pretesting of the questionnaire is collection of data then data entry data analysis writing

result discussion, conclusion and recommendation.

Page - 16
3.3 Study Place

The study was conducted perception about human papilloma virus vaccine among girls

students of Police Line High School in Dinajpur. It is the highly populated area in

Dinajpur. So large numbers of students were available in this school.

3.4 Study Population

Study population of School stayed at 10-18 years.

3.5 Selection Criteria

Inclusion criteria:

1. The students must be studied at selected school.

2. The age between 10-18 years.

3. The students were willing to give information.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Students who were not willing to participate.

2. Students who were unable to afford the vaccination cost.

3. Students who have no idea about human papilloma virus vaccine.

Page - 17
3.6 Sample Size : In this study sample size was 60 girls students studying at a

selected school.

The formula of sample size determination:

TARO YAMANE (1967):n=N/1+N(e)²

N=Population (700),

E=Error margin (0.05)

n=Desire sample size, 700/1+700(0.05)2-255

However in this study sample size was 60 students due to corona pandemic situation &

time limitation.

3.7 Sampling Technique

Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample from students of Police

Line High School in Dinajpur.

Page - 18
3.8 Data collection tool:

Semi-structured questionnaire were used as data collection tools. A semi-structure

questionnaire was developed according to objectives and variables. The questionnaire

was based on literature review. The questionnaire was divided into two sections, which

includes

(i) Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents.

(ii) Knowledge based questions.

9 Data Collection Technique

At first permission was taken from the authority of the study site. Before collection of

data the purpose of the study was explained in details to the respondents and data were

collected through face-to-face interview from the respondents. One questionnaire was

used for each respondent for data collection and ethical issues were considered.

3.10 Data Processing

Data processing involved: Categorization of the data, coding, was summarizing the

data. Categorizing to detect errors or omission and to maintain consistency and validity.

Page - 19
3.11 Data Analysis

Data were analyzed by manually according the objectives of the study. Analyzed result

was presented on the table, pie charts and bar diagram in form of percentage.

3.12 Ethical consideration

Data was collected after obtaining written permission from Rajshahi Medical

University, Rajshahi. Written & verbal consent was taken from the principal & research

committee of Dinajpur Nursing College, Dinajpur. Written & verbal consent was also

obtained from the Principle of Police Line High School in Dinajpur & from each

respondent after explaining the nature & purpose of the study prior to data collection.

The participants were informed by the researcher that they have right to withdraw

themselves from this study any time & strict confidentiality was maintained.

Page - 20
CHAPTER – 4
RESULT
 Result

The purpose of this chapter is to present & discuss the result of the study. Results of

this study were based on data from 60 girls students from police line high school,

Dinajpur. It begins with the demographic characteristics of the respondents &

perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine among students.

The result of the study was presented under following guidelines :( 1) Socio

demographic characteristics of the participants (2) Perception regarding human

papilloma virus vaccine among participants.

4.1. Socio demographic characteristics of the Participants

Table-1: Distribution of the respondents by age

[n=60]

Variables Parameter Frequency Percentage

10-14 4 6.67%

Age group 15-19 45 75%

20-24 11 18.34%

Mean=17.58 SD=2.34

The above table shows among the respondent by age that maximum 75% respondents

were in between 15-19 years and the minimum 6.67% respondents were in 10-14

years, 18.34% respondents were in between 20-24 years, Mean age 17.58 & standard

deviation ± 2.34.

Page - 21
Figure -1: Distribution of the respondents by religion: [n=60]

Figure: 1

The Bar chart shows that majority of the respondents religion were Muslims

40(66.67%) respondents religion were 16(26.67%) Hindu, respondents religion were

3(5%) Christian, respondents religion were 1(1.67%) Buddhist.

Page - 22
Figure-2: Distribution of the respondents by educational status : [n=60]

Figure- 2

The Pie chart shows that majority of the respondents educational status were 45(75%)

class 10 and respondents educational status were 15(25%) class 9.

Page - 23
Figure-3: Distribution of the respondents by marital status : [n=60]

Figure – 3

The Pie chart shows that majority of the respondents marital status were 50(83.3%)

Unmarried and respondents marital status were 10(16.67%) Married.

Page - 24
Figure-4: Distribution of the respondents by socio-economic status: [n= 60]

Figure- 4

The Bar chart shows that majority of the respondents socio-economic status

34(56.67%) Middle Class, respondents socio-economic status were 10(16.67%)

Upper Lower Class ,respondents were 10(16.67%) Lower Class ,respondents were

6(10%) Upper Class.

Page - 25
Figure-5: Distribution of the respondents by type of residence: [n= 60]

Figure -5

The Bar chart shows that majority of the respondents residence were 34(58.34%)

City, respondents residence were 10(16.67%) Village, respondents were 5(8.34%)

Slum.

Page – 26
Figure -6: Distribution of the respondents by maternal educational status:

[n=60]

Figure – 6

The Bar chart shows that majority of the respondents maternal education were

30(50%) Higher Secondary, 15(25%) were Secondary, 8(13.34%) were Primary and

7(11.67%) were Graduate or Above.

Page – 27
Table-2: Distribution of the respondents according to number of family member

[n=60]

Family member Frequency Percentage

2-5 15 25%

5-8 35 58.34%

8-11 10 16.67%

The table shows that out of 60 respondents only 15(25%) were family member range

was 2-5. 35(58.67%) respondents were family member range was 5-8. 10(16.67%)

respondents were family member range was 8-11.

Page – 28
Table-3: Distribution of the respondents according to family income

[n=60]

Family Income Frequency Percentage

10,000 2 3.34%

15,000 8 13.34%

20,000 10 16.67%

30,000 40 66.67%

The above table shows among respondents by family income that maximum

38(66.67%) were in 30,000, minimum 2(3.34%) were in 10,000 and 8(13.34%) were

in 15,000 and 10(16.67%) were in 16.67% in total respondents.

Page – 29
4.2 Perception Related Questionnaire about Human Papilloma Virus

Vaccine

Table-1: Distribution of respondents by ever heard the name of human

papilloma virus before

[n=60]

Ever heard the name of Yes No

human papilloma virus f % f %

before 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

Table no-1 shows that out of 60 respondents, 40(66.67%) students answered “ Yes”

and 20(33.34%) answered “No” on ever heard the name of human papilloma virus

before.

Page - 30
Table-2: Distribution of respondents by ever heard of human papilloma virus

vaccine

[n=60]

Ever heard of human Yes No

papilloma virus vaccine f % f %

40 66.67% 20 33.34%

Table no 2 shows that out of 60 respondents, 40(66.67%) students answered “Yes”

and 20(33.34%) answered “No” on ever heard of human papilloma virus vaccine.

Page – 31
Table -3: Distribution of respondents by HPV transmitted by

[n=60]

HPV transmitted by Yes No

%f f %

Sexual contact 50 83.34% 10 16.67%

Blood borne 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

Injections 35 58.34% 25 41.67%

Don’t know 30 25% 30 25%

In this table shows that perception of HPV transmitted by “sexual contact" in this

statement mostly 50(83.34%) respondents answered "Yes" and only 10(16.67%)

respondents answered "No”. “Blood borne” in this statement 40(66.67%) respondents

answered "Yes" and majority 20(33.34%) respondents answered "No"."Injections’'in

this statement 35(58.34%) respondents answered " Yes" and 25(41.67%) respondents

answered "No”. “Don’t know" in this statement 30(50%) respondents answered "Yes"

and 30(50%) respondents answered "No".

Page – 32
Table-4: Distribution of respondents by HPV is the main cause of

[n=60]

HPV is the main cause of Yes No

f % f %

Breast cancer 10 16.67% 50 83.34%

Cervical cancer 60 100% 00 00%

In this table shows that HPV is the main cause of, " Breast cancer" in this statement

only 10(16.67%) respondents answered "Yes" and 50(83.34%) respondents answered

"No"." Cervical cancer "in this statement 60(100%) respondents answered "Yes".

Page – 33
Table-5: Distribution of respondents by knowledge of what HPV vaccine is used

for : [n=60]

Knowledge of what HPV Yes No

vaccine is used for f % f %

Prevention of HPV 60 100% 00 00%

infection

Prevention of genital warts 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

Prevention of cervical 60 100& 00 00%

cancer

Prevention of AIDS 30 50% 30 50%

Above the table shows that out of 60 respondents were answered about knowledge of

what HPV vaccine is used for "Prevention of HPV infection" in this statement

60(100%) respondents marked as "Yes", "Prevention of genital warts" maximum

40(66.67%) respondent thinks this statement was right." Yes" and minimum

20(33.34%) respondents thinks this statement was not right." Prevention of cervical

cancer " in this statement 60(100%) respondents answered " Yes”. “Treatment of

AIDS" in this statement 30(50%) respondents answered" Yes" and 30(50%)

respondents answered "No".

Page – 34
Table-6: Distribution of respondents by age at which HPV vaccine should be

given

[n=60]

Age at which HPV Yes No

vaccine should be given f % f %

0-10 years 16 26.67% 44 73.34%

10-30 years 60 100% 00 00%

30-50 years 50 83.34% 10 16.67%

Above the table shows that out of 60 respondents were answered about age at which

HPV vaccine should be given includes "0-10 years" in this statement only 16(26.67%)

respondents marked as "Yes", and majority 44(73.34%) respondents marked as

"No"."10-30 years" 60(100%) respondent thinks this statement was right." Yes"." 30-

50 years" in this statement maximum 50(83.34%) respondents answered " Yes” and

minimum 10(16.67%) respondents answered "No".

Page – 35
Table-7: Distribution of respondents by number of HPV vaccine doses required

for protection

[n=60]

Number of HPV vaccine doses Yes No

required for protection f % f %

One 4 6.67% 56 93.34%

Two 25 41.67% 35 58.34%

Three 55 91.67% 5 8.34%

Four 15 25% 45 75%

Above the table shows that out of 60 respondents were answered about number of

HPV vaccine doses required for protection "One" in this statement only 4(6.67%)

respondents marked as "Yes", and majority 56(93.34%) respondents marked as "No”.

“Two" 25(41.67%) respondent thinks this statement was right." Yes" and 35(58.34%)

respondent thinks this statement was not right." Three " in this statement maximum

respondents answered " Yes” and minimum 5(8.34%) respondents answered "No"."

Four " in this statement 15(25%) respondents answered" Yes" and 40(75%)

respondents answered "No".

Page – 36
 Table-8: Distribution of respondents by the route of administration of vaccine

[n=60]

The route of Yes No

administration of vaccine f % f %

is

Intramuscular 48 60% 12 20%

Subcutaneous 15 25% 45 75%

Intravenous 10 16.67% 50 83.34%

Table no 7 shows that out of 60 respondents were answered about the route of

administration of vaccine is include “Intramuscular" in this statement maximum

48(60%) respondents marked as "Yes", and only 12(20%) respondents marked as

"No”. “Subcutaneous" 15(25%) respondent thinks this statement was right." Yes" and

45(75%) respondent thinks this statement was not right." Intravenous " in this

statement minimum 10(16.67%) respondents answered " Yes” and maximum

50(83.34%) respondents answered "No".

Page – 37
Table-9: Distribution of respondents by the schedule for HPV vaccination

[n=60]

The schedule for HPV Yes No

vaccination f % f %

1st dose receive at any 20 33.34% 40 66.67%

time

2nd dose after 1 month of 60 100% 00 00%

1st dose

3rd dose after 6 months of 60 100% 00 00%

2nd dose

Table no 9 shows that out of 60 respondents were answered about the schedule for

HPV vaccination include"1st dose receive at any time" in this statement 20(33.34%)

respondents marked as "Yes", and majority 40(66.67%) respondents marked as

"No"." 2nd dose after 1 month of 1st dose " 60(100%) respondent thinks this

statement was right." Yes"." 3rd dose after 6 months of 2nd dose " in this statement

60(100%) respondents answered " Yes".

Page – 38
Table-10: Perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine among

secondary level girls at a glance.

All questionnaires were measured by the dichotomous scale, with a score of 1 for

yes and 0 for no, calculated by summing the total items 0-25. This instrument is

calculated by levels 01-08-low, 09-16-moderate, and 17-25 high levels.

[n=60]

Sl Items Yes No

No.

f % f %

1. Have heard the name of human 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

papilloma virus before

2. Ever heard of human papilloma virus 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

vaccine

HPV transmitted by

3. Sexual contact 50 83.34% 10 16.67%

4. Blood borne 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

5. Injections 35 58.34% 25 41.67%

6. Don’t know 30 50% 30 50%

HPV is the main cause of

7. Breast cancer 10 16.67% 50 83.34%

8. Cervical cancer 60 100% 00 00%

Page – 39
 Knowledge of what HPV vaccine is used

for

9. Prevention of HPV infection 60 100% 00 00%

10. Prevention of genital warts 40 66.67% 20 33.34%

11. Prevention of cervical cancer 60 100% 00 00%

12. Treatment of AIDS 30 50% 30 50%

13. Age at which HPV vaccine should be

given

14. 0-10 years 16 26.67% 44 73.34%

15. 10-30 years 60 100% 00 00%

16. 30-50 years 50 83.34% 10 16.67%

Number of HPV vaccine doses required

for protection

17. One 4 6.67% 56 93.34&

18. Two 25 41.67% 35 58.34%

19. Three 55 91.67% 5 8.34%

20. Four 15 25% 45 75%

The route of administration of vaccine is

21. Intramuscular 48 60% 12 20%

22. Subcutaneous 15 25% 45 75%

23. Intravenous 10 16.67% 50 83.34%

Page – 40
 The schedule for HPV vaccine

24. 1st dose receive at any time 20 33.34% 40 66.67%

25. 2nd dose after 1 month of 1st dose 60 100% 00 00%

26. 3rd dose after 6 months of 2nd dose 60 100% 00 00%

Page – 41
Table-11: Overall perception regarding human papilloma virus vaccine among

secondary level girls in Police Line High School.

[n=60]

Items Possible score Actual

score

Have heard of human papilloma virus vaccine 1 0.7

before

Ever heard of HPV vaccine 1 0.7

HPV transmitted by 4 2.58

HPV is the main cause of 2 1.17

Knowledge of what HPV vaccine is used for 4 3.17

Age at which HPV vaccine should be given 3 1.27

Number of HPV vaccine doses required for 4

protection

The route of administration of vaccine is 3 1.22

The schedule for HPV vaccination 3 2.34

Total score 25 13.25

From the calculation the result which 13.25 refers that perception regarding human papilloma

virus vaccine. It is found that the level (1-8) is low perception, (9-16) is moderate perception,

(17-25) is high perception.

Page - 42
CHAPTER – 5
DISCUSSION
 Discussion
The discussion of the findings is much more subjective section of a research report than

the presentation of findings. The discussion of findings section of a study allows the

researcher to make interpretation of the findings. The nature of the study was

descriptive cross-sectional. This cross-sectional study entitled “ PERCEPTION

REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE AMONG

SECONDARY LEVEL GIRLS AT A SELECTED SCHOOL IN DINAJPUR " with

the objectives to assess the level of perception among secondary level girls and to find

out the sociodemographic information of the girls. The data was collected from the

study on perception of 60 girls from Police Line High School, Dinajpur who were

interviewed with a semi structured questionnaire on the basis of different variables.

Sixty (60) girls were selected for study the age of which respondents 4(6.67%) were

between (10-14) years of age, about 45(75%) between ( 15-19) years of age, about

11(18.34%) years of age respectively. The mean age was 17.58 years and standard

deviation was ±2.34. Similar study was conducted among the students in Nigeria where

43.5% respondents were between (10-14) years of age, 34.5% between (15-19) years,

22%respondents were between (20-24) years ( Israel, Ogbu, Ingwu, Chinenye,

Chikeme, 2019), mean age was 15.9 years and standard deviation was ± 3.9. The

dissimilarity may be due to selection criteria of the respondent in both studies. The

study found that majority respondents were Muslims 40(66.67%) respondents religion

were 16(26.67%) Hindu, respondents religion were 3(5%) Christian, respondents

religion were 1(1.67%) Buddhist. Similar study was conducted among the students in

Page - 43
Bangladesh where 82.94% were Muslim, 15.67% were Hindu, 26(1.21%) were

Christian, 4(0.19%) were Buddhist ( Eva et al., 2024). In this study, level of education-

majority respondents were 45(75%) class 10 and 15(25%) class 9. The study found that

majority of the respondents marital status were 50(83.3%) Unmarried and respondents

marital status were 10(16.67%) Married. Similar study conducted in India shows that

96% were Unmarried and 2.2% were married out of 549 students. The dissimilarity

may be due to selection criteria of the respondent in both studies. In the current study

findings that majority of the respondents socio-economic status 34(56.67%) Middle

Class, 10(16.67%) Upper Lower Class , 10(16.67%) Lower Class , 6(10%) Upper

Class. The different study found that the history of socio-economic status where Upper

Class were 11% out of 549 students, 4% were Upper Lower Class, 0.7% were Lower

Class. In this study most of the respondents residence 58.34 were in the City,

10(16.67%) were in the Village, 5(8.34%) were in the Slum. The other study found that

the respondents residence 54.1% were in City, 26.9% were in Village out of 549

students. The current study findings that the respondents maternal educational status

were 30(50%) Higher Secondary, 15(25%) were Secondary, 8(13.34%) were Primary

and 7(11.67%) were Graduate or Above. Similar study was conducted among the

respondents maternal educational status were 75.8% in Higher Secondary or Graduate,

1.7% were Primary ( Patel, Dongara, Mungala, Chapla, Phatak, Nimbalkar, 2016). The

study shows that out of 60 respondents only 15(25%) were family member range was

2-5, 35(58.67%) respondents were family member range was 5-8, 10(16.67%)

respondents were family member range was 8-11. Other study shows that 20% were the

family member range 2-4, 21.5% were in the rang of 4-6 and 59.5% were in the range

Page - 44
of 6 or above out of 368 respondents ( Israel, Ogbu, Ingwu, Chinenye, Chikeme, 2019).

The dissimilarity may be due to selection criteria of the respondent in both studies. The

present study findings that the respondents family income that maximum 38(66.67%)

were in 30,000 Tk, minimum 2(3.34%) were in 10,000 Tk and 8(13.34%) were in

15,000 Tk and 10(16.67%) were in total respondents. The different study shows that

25.47% were in the less than equal 20,000 Tk, 26.49% were in the range of 20,000-

35,000 Tk and 27.98% were in the range of 35,000- 50,000 in total respondents ( Eva

et al., 2024).

About the overall perception of ever heard the name of human papilloma virus before

out of 60 respondent's, 40(66.67%) was answered “ Yes” and 20(33.34%) was

answered “No”. Ever heard of human papilloma virus vaccine before out of 60

respondents, 40(66.67%) students was answered “Yes” and 20(33.34%) was answered

“No”. perception of HPV transmitted by “sexual contact" 50(83.34%) respondents

answered "Yes" and 10(16.67%) answered "No”. “Blood borne” 40(66.67%)

respondents answered "Yes" and 20(33.34%) answered "No". "Injections’’ 35(58.34%)

respondents answered " Yes" and 25(41.67%) answered "No”. “Don’t know" 30(50%)

respondents answered "Yes" and 30(50%) answered "No". HPV is the main cause of, "

Breast cancer" 10(16.67%) respondents answered "Yes" and 50(83.34%) answered

"No"." Cervical cancer " 60(100%) respondents answered "Yes". About knowledge of

what HPV vaccine is used for "Prevention of HPV infection" 60(100%) respondents

marked as "Yes", "Prevention of genital warts” 40(66.67%) respondent thinks this

Page - 45
statement was right." Yes" and 20(33.34%) respondents thinks this statement was not

right." Prevention of cervical cancer " 60(100%) respondents answered " Yes”.

“Treatment of AIDS" 30(50%) respondents answered" Yes" and 30(50%) answered

"No". Age at which HPV vaccine should be given includes "0-10 years" 16(26.67%)

respondents marked as "Yes", and 44(73.34%) marked as "No"."10-30 years"

60(100%) respondent thinks this statement was right." Yes". " 30-50 years" 50(83.34%)

respondents answered " Yes” and 10(16.67%) respondents answered "No". Number of

HPV vaccine doses required for protection "One" 4(6.67%) respondents marked as

"Yes", and 56(93.34%) respondents marked as "No”. “Two" 25(41.67%) respondent

thinks this statement was right." Yes" and 35(58.34%) respondent thinks this statement

was not right." Three " in this statement maximum respondents answered " Yes” and

5(8.34%) answered "No"." Four " 15(25%) respondents answered" Yes" and 40(75%)

answered "No". Out of 60 respondents were answered about the route of administration

of vaccine is include “Intramuscular" 48(60%) respondents marked as "Yes", and

12(20%) respondents marked as "No”. “Subcutaneous" 15(25%) respondent thinks this

statement was right." Yes" and 45(75%) respondent thinks this statement was not right."

Intravenous " 10(16.67%) respondents answered " Yes” and 50(83.34%) answered

"No". The schedule for HPV vaccination include” 1st dose receive at any time"

20(33.34%) respondents marked as "Yes", and 40(66.67%) marked as "No". "2nd dose

after 1 month of 1st dose" 60(100%) respondent was right." Yes"." 3rd dose after 6

months of 2nd dose " in this statement 60(100%) respondents answered " Yes".

Page - 46
Researcher found her result Researcher found her result 13.25 refers that perception

regarding human papilloma virus vaccine, which refers the level is moderate.

Researcher know that the level (1-8) is low perception, (9-16) is moderate perception,

(17-25) is high perception. Many studies have been done in worldwide recently on the

perception, knowledge, awareness, practice and vaccine of human papilloma virus

vaccine. The studies reported better knowledge in developed countries like East Africa,

US etc. But in developing countries like Bangladesh very few studies have done

regarding about human papilloma virus vaccine coverage issues. According to present

study moderate respondents know about human papilloma virus and human papilloma

virus vaccine.

Page – 47
 CHAPTER – 6
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDETION
 Conclusion

The study looks at the perception secondary level girls students towards HPV and its

vaccine. Perception of the HPV vaccine among the girls of school is moderate. Age,

residence, marital status, socio-economic status, and monthly income were associated

with HPV vaccine perception. The findings of the study reveal the significance of

improving HPV vaccine awareness, not only Bangladesh but also in comparable

settings worldwide. To succeed, strategies must be tailored to diverse age groups,

urban-rural disparities and educational levels. Engaging health care workers as trusted

advocates is crucial for disseminating information and promoting vaccination. There is

need for a well-designed HPV education programme integrate into a national cervical

cancer prevention and control programme for easily identifying the early symptoms of

the disease and to take preventive measures.

Implications of the findings:

The outcomes of the study contribute to nursing education, nursing practice, nursing

administration, and future nursing research in Bangladesh are as follows.

1. Nursing education: The study findings will provide and improve the quality of

nursing education. It can provide knowledge to teach nursing students about Human

Papilloma Virus Vaccine.

2. Nursing practice: The study findings can be used by nurses in improving knowledge

regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine. It can be group health education, lift let

distribution, brain storming, social support and demonstration, arranging a seminar in

order to enhance knowledge regarding Hepatitis B vaccine.

Page - 48
3. Nursing administration: This finding would be helpful to guide in nursing

administration. Nursing administrators can provide baseline data for higher authority to

plan for interventions in order to enhance the nurse's knowledge regarding Human

Papilloma Virus Vaccine.

4. Nursing research: The study would be expected to show the nursing students

knowledge regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine. Nurse researchers can use it as

a foundation for future research and can develop programs the Human Papilloma Virus

Vaccine.

Page – 49
Limitations of the study:

This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among girls to gather information

about Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine. During the study various type of limitation were

faced which may influence of the study.

1. The study was conducted in selected school in Dinajpur. That’s why it may

not represent the overall situation.

2. The study respondents were girls and maximum data were collected during this

time they were present in the school and offered less concentration and time.

Page – 50
 Recommendation

The studies indicate some important recommendation on the basis of finding to

develop better perception of the respondents.

1. The cost of vaccine should be an affordable range.

2. Raise awareness about HPV and vaccine of HPV virus through educational

program.

3. Campaign for awareness and lifestyle modification for health to be arranged.

4. Supply sufficient vaccine and arrange medical camp.

5. Government should take awareness program by using mass media.

6. Similar research can be conducted taking larger sample sizes in different

geographical areas.

7. It is suggested that National Health education sessions should be incorporated by

educational institutions in their teaching plans and community programme.

Page - 51
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Page - 58
APPENDIX
 Appendix-I

QUESTIONNAIRE:

Part-A

Section 1: Questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics (For respondents)

Direction please read each of the items carefully. Then put (√) marks that you feels

answers best. Remember to choose only one response for each item.

A. Sociodemographic interview:

1. Age

a) 10-14 years b) 15-19 years c) 20-24 years

2. Religion

a) Muslim b) Christian c) Hindu d) Buddhist

3. Educational qualification

b) Class 9 b) Class 10

4. Marital status

a) Unmarried b) Married

5. Socioeconomic status

a) Upper class b) Upper lower class c) middle class d) Lower class

6. Type of residence

a) Village b) Slum c) City

i
7. Maternal education

a) Primary b) Secondary c) Higher secondary d) Graduate and other

8. Number of family member

a) 2-5 b) 5-8 c) 8-11

9. Family income

a) 10,000 b) 15,000 c) 20,000 d) 30,000

ii
Part-B

Section 2: Perception regarding Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine among

Secondary Level Girls Students questionnaire (For participants)

Instruction: As accurately as possible please read each of the items carefully and (√)

marks on "Yes" or "No" that you feel answers the question best.

Sl No. Items Yes No

1. Have heard the name of human papilloma

virus before

2. Ever heard of human papilloma virus

vaccine before

HPV transmitted by

3. Sexual contact

4. Blood borne

5. Injections

6. Don’t know

HPV is the main cause of

7. Breast cancer

8. Cervical cancer

Knowledge of what HPV vaccine is used for

9. Prevention of HPV infection

iii
10. Prevention of genital warts

11. Prevention of cervical cancer

12. Treatment of AIDS

13. Age at which HPV vaccine should be given

14. 0-10 years

15. 10-30 years

16. 30-50 years

Number of HPV vaccine doses required for

protection

17. One

18. Two

19. Three

20. Four

The route of administration of vaccine is

21. Intramuscular

22. Subcutaneous

23. Intravenous

The schedule for HPV vaccine

24. 1st dose receive at any time

25. 2nd dose after 1 month of 1st dose

26. 3rd dose after 6 months of 2nd dose

iv
 APPENDIX - II

Informed Written Consent Form

Respected respondents

I am a researcher, Purnima Rani [Link] in nursing 4th year student of Dinajpur Nursing
College, Dinajpur. I am conducting a research study entitle “ PERCEPTION
REGARDING HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE AMONG
SECONDARY LEVEL GIRLS AT A SELECTED SCHOOL IN DINAJPUR ” as
a part of my study course. According to my study inclusion criteria you are eligible to
participate in this study. Therefore, I would like to request you participate in my
research and provide valuable information based on the questionnaire. Your
participation in this study will be ensured only with your informed written consent. By
participating in this study, you will not face any harm in physical, mental, economical
and social aspects. You will have full freedom to withdraw yourself at any stage of this
study. The information you provide will be kept strictly confidential and be used for
research purpose only. If you feel discomfort about participation in this study, please
do not hesitate to tell me. Please contact me at the following address.

Thank you for your kind co-operation. I have already read and understood all
information and agree to participate in this study.

Name of the researcher Name of the respondent

Purnima Rani ..................................

Course: [Link] in Nursing (Basic) Date:............................

Mobile no: 01785358630

Date:...............................

v
 APPENDIX-III

vi
 APPENDIX-IV
WORK SCHEDULE
From July 2023 to December 2023:
Types of July August September October Novem- December
work ber

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Selection of
topic

Literature
Review

Objective
writing

Questionn-
aire
prepara-
tion
Pre-testing
of question-
naire

Data
collection

Tabulation
and data
analysis

Report
writing

Final print
and
submission

vii