UNDERSTANDING THE SELF STUDENTS’ LEARNING GUIDE
MODULE 1 THE SELF IN THE VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES
TOPIC 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF
Name: _____________________________________Year & Section: __________________Date:______
TASK 1: FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. The term self – concept refers to the image of oneself.
2. Central to the theory of Carl Jung is the concept of archetype.
3. William James suggests that the self is divided into two categories: “I” and the “Me”.
4. Shadow archetype is often considered as the dark side of the psyche.
5. Superego refers to ‘‘conscience’’ and ‘‘moral judge’’ of conduct.
6. Self - efficacy refers to the individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
7. Sigmund Freud developed the psychosexual stages of development.
8. Erik Erikson proposes that individuals go through eight psychosocial stages of development.
9. Autonomy means independence of thought and confidence to think and act for oneself.
10. The Self is the central archetype that unites all parts of the psyche.
11. Integrity vs. Despair is the final psychosocial stage which occurs during old age and is focused on
reflections on life.
12. Freud believes that the id is the pleasure-seeking side.
13. Humanistic psychology suggests that human are proactive agents of experiences.
14. Self – control is the ability to control one’s behaviour without having to rely on others for help.
15. Developing a sense of identity is important during adolescence stage.
TASK 2: Instruction. Answer the following essay questions.
1. Which of the basic concepts described in the preceding theories do you think applies to you the most?
- The concept of self-concept applies to me the most. I often reflect on who I am, how I see
myself, and how others see me, which helps me understand my strengths and areas for growth.
2. Did you study the different theories of the self that led you to change any of your perceptions about
yourself?
- Yes, studying these theories helped me realize that I am still growing and changing. It made
me more aware of how different experiences shape my sense of self and how I can better understand my
thoughts and actions.
3. Did the theories of the self lead you to recognize your strengths and weaknesses?
- Yes, the theories helped me see that my strengths lie in my ability to reflect on myself, but I
also recognized that I sometimes struggle with self-doubt and need to work on building my self-efficacy.
4. How does the lesson foster self-understanding and development?
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- The lesson helped me understand myself better by showing how different theories explain
the way we form our identities. It encouraged me to think more deeply about my own experiences and how I
can continue to grow and improve.
Task 3: Reflection: Instruction: Write an essay on the three most important things you discovered about
yourself.
I discovered three important things about myself.
First, I realized how much my self-concept (how I see myself) affects my confidence. Sometimes I
feel good about myself, but other times I’m too hard on myself. I learned that it’s okay to have ups
and downs and that I should be kinder to myself.
Second, I noticed that my self-efficacy (belief in my ability to succeed) could be stronger. I often
doubt myself when facing challenges. But now I understand that I can build more confidence by
setting small goals and celebrating my achievements, which helps me trust myself more.
Lastly, I learned that my past experiences shape who I am today. My mistakes and successes have all
played a role in making me who I am. I now see that I can always grow and change, and my identity
isn’t fixed.
In conclusion, discovering these three aspects about myself—my self-concept, self-efficacy, and the
impact of my past experiences—has helped me understand how I can grow. I realize now that being
kinder to myself, setting achievable goals, and learning from my past can strengthen my confidence
and guide me forward. These discoveries show me that I’m always evolving and that I have the
power to shape who I become. By embracing these insights, I can work toward a more positive and
resilient version of myself.
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Legend: Exemplary – 5 points; Target- 4 points; Acceptable – 3 points ; Unacceptable- 2 points.
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