GEN 001: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

MODULE #6: Writing a Cohesive MODULE #7: Paraphrasing and

Paragraph Summarizing

Paragraph is a sequence of sentences all Plagiarism is when you present someone

related to a single topic. else’s work as your own original work. This
can happen when you copy and paste
- It shows the reader where subtopics without naming the author or source.
in an essay, report, or article begin
and end. Plagiarism is considered unethical due
- It helps the reader see how a long to following reasons:
piece of writing is organized and
thus be able to understand the main ➢ Intellectual theft
ideas. ➢ Breaking trust
➢ Reduced honor
A Cohesive Paragraph focuses on one ➢ Legal consequences
main idea which usually is mentioned in the ➢ Academic dishonesty
topic sentence. Every sentence in a
cohesive paragraph relates or connects to To avoid plagiarism, you can use:
the main idea. Sentences that describe or
explain the main idea are called supports. 1. Paraphrasing - Rewrite the writer’s
idea in your own words and name of
2 Steps to write a cohesive paragraph: the writer.

STEP 1: Brainstorm- it can be done by a. keep the meaning

determining the composition of the b. change the words and word order
paragraph. c. give references details

Parts/steps of brainstorming: 2. Summarizing - Rewrite the writer’s

➢ Identify your topic idea in your own words in a shorter
➢ Decide on your claim term.
➢ List the evidences
a. keep the author’s main idea
STEP 2: Write your Paragraph b. avoid copying the author’s words
c. make it clear which ideas are
Use this pattern: yours, and which are the author’s
➢ Sentence 1: Topic d. give references details
➢ Sentence 2: Claim
➢ Sentence 3,4, and 5: Evidences
➢ Last Sentence: Conclusion

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MODULE #8: Avoid Plagiarism: MODULE #9: Exploring the

Quotation and Referencing Essays

To avoid plagiarism, you can use: An essay is an output. It is a piece of

writing that expresses the author’s thoughts,
1. Quote - Use the writer’s actual ideas, or arguments on a specific topic.
words.
Essays have key elements to focus on
a. use quotation mark “ ” when writing.
b. give reference details, including
the page/paragraph number. ➢ First, the Introduction is the
c. use the words “stated,” opening statement that introduces
“mentioned,” “in the words of,” the topic and provides context.
“according to,” ect. ➢ Second, the Thesis Statement /
Main Idea is a clear statement that
2. Referencing - Acknowledge the outlines the main argument or
writer and show the reader where purpose of the essay.
ideas came from. ➢ Third, the Body Paragraphs, these
paragraphs elaborate on the thesis,
Referencing can be in any two places: presenting evidence, examples, and
analysis.
a. In-text - in the paragraph of your ➢ Last, the Conclusion, is the closing
essay/report section that summarizes key points
b. Reference List - end of the and restates the thesis.
essay/report
There are several forms that essay are
APA Format (American Psychological written:
Association) ➢ Narrative Essays
➢ Informative Essay
- Last Name, F.M (Year Published). ➢ Persuasive Essays
Title. Publisher/Website. URL ➢ Opinion Essays

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MODULE #10: Understanding a. First person POV - the story is told

by character within the story; using
the Different Types of Essays: “I”
b. Second person POV - the story is
Narrative told to another character; using you,
your, you’re
c. Third person POV - the story is told
by an “invisible author” using
A narrative is a story or an account of
pronouns he, she, they, them, it.
events, experiences, or interactions, often
presented in a sequential manner. The
A literary device is an element or
purpose of a narrative is usually personal
technique that authors use to produce a
communication, and sometimes it’s creative
particular effect in their writing.
or for entertainment.

1. Simile - compares two different

The story elements are:
things using “like” or “as”.
➢ Setting - time and place the story
2. Metaphor - a figure of speech that
happens; atmosphere and mood.
says one thing is another thing to
show they are alike in a way,
➢ Characters - the individuals in the
without using “like” or “as”.
story.

3. Personification - is when the writer

➢ Plot - the sequence of events or
gives inanimate objects or ideas
actions of the characters that tells
human traits.
the story. It has a clear beginning,
middle, and end.
4. Hyperbole - is an exaggeration of
an action or idea for emphasis.
➢ Conflict - the problem or the
struggle between two opposing
5. Onomatopoeia - is where a word is
sides that needs to be solved;
written the same as it sounds when
spoken aloud.
➢ Resolution - the way the problem is
solved.

➢ Theme - the big idea or generally

observations about human nature
and life presented in the story.

➢ Point of View - how the story is told

— specifically, who tells the story.

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MODULE #11: Understanding MODULE #12: Understanding

the Different Types of Essays: the Different Types of Essays:
Opinion Informative

An informative essay teaches people Facts are statements that can be proven to
about the topic. It explains things like be true or false. They are based on
objects, people, places, ideas, experiences, evidence and can be verified by research or
or situations. It usually sticks to facts and observation.
answers questions like who, what, where,
when, why, and how. Opinions are statements that express
someone’s beliefs, feelings, or thoughts.
Informative essay has several forms: They cannot be proven true or false
because they are based on personal
➢ Definition Informative Essay - the perspective or preferences.
author discusses the meaning,
characteristics, context, or Opinion Essays express what you think or
situations, and gives examples feel about an issue.
about the topic.
➢ Compare and Contrast
Informative Essay - this highlights When writing an opinion essay:
the similarities and differences of ➢ Claim or Main Idea would contain
two or more topics and ideas whether we agree or disagree with
discussed in the essay. an issue or proposing a solution to
➢ Process Informative Essay - it an issue.
provides sequence, steps, or outline ➢ Evidences will be discussed in the
of a specific process discussed in body of an essay and would be the
the essay. reasons why we agree or disagree.
➢ Conclusion could be a summary,
In writing an informative essay, sources final thought, or call to action.
should be credible and reliable. When
getting information from different sources,
you must check the authority, accuracy,
objectivity, currency, and the URL where the
content was taken.

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MODULE #13: Understanding

the Different Types of Essays:
Persuasive

A persuasive or argumentative essay is

like a debate on a paper. In this type of
writing, you try to convince others that your
opinion is the best bubusing logic or reason.

Here are five common persuasive

devices that you can use to win an
argument:

➢ Pathos - using emotional language

to make people feel for you.

➢ Big Names - using the names of

experts or well-known people who
support your position.

➢ Research and Logos - using

studies, data, charts, illustrations,
and logic

➢ Ethos - using language that shows

that you are trustworthy and
believable.

➢ Kairos - using a sense of urgency.

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