1

CITY CENTRAL
Khanyar, Srinagar, Kashmir –190003 Mobile no.: 8803391155

POLYTHENE : A DISASTER
OUTLINE:
Polythene causes severe damage to the environment as well as to plant and animal life. It
even leads to many diseases among human beings. Therefore, we should avoid using
polythene products as much as possible and look for environment-friendly alternatives
instead.
Characters :
Rakesh– a student of class 5
Rohit– Rakesh’s cousin
Rakesh’s father
Rakesh’s uncle

QUESTION ANSWERS:
Q. no. 1: What is polythene and who discovered it?
Ans: Polythene or polyethylene is the most common plastic used today. It is a tough, light,
flexible and cheap substance used for packaging purposes. It is a linear, man-made polymer
(a long molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units) made by
polymerizing (a process of combining smaller units to form bigger units) ethylene. It was
accidently discovered by a German Scientist, Hans Van Pechmann.
Q. no. 2: What does Rakesh's father expect from the kids?
Ans: Rakesh's father expects from the kids that after listening to him, the kids will stop using
polythene bags which the elders have so far failed to do. He also expects them to make a
promise that they will encourage other kids at their school and neighbourhood to not use
polythene bags as well.
Q. no. 3: Why is polythene widely used?
Ans: Polythene is widely used because it is tough, light, cheap and easy to carry. It is also very
easy to dispose off after use as they are very light and can easily be thrown away.
Q. no. 4: What is biodegradation?
Ans: Biodegradation is a natural process in which the organic matter is broken down into
simpler substances by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
 2

Q. no. 5: What are the harmful effects of polythene?

Ans: Polythene has not one but a Plethora of harmful effects. It is the cause of diseases like
malaria, cholera, etc. It also decreases the fertility of soil, It plays a major role in the blockage
of water systems like Sewerage and water pipes causing floods during moderate or heavy
rainfall. When dumped into the water or on land it leads to water and land pollution and when
burnt, it leads to air pollution. Polythene pollution has widespread effect on ecosystem.
Polythene pollution through bio magnifications enters the food chain and increases along the
trophic levels. Polythene is also suspected to be a cancer-causing agent. Polythene can also
aid in the spread of diseases like AIDS and Hepatitis B.
Q. no. 6: How is the soil affected by polythene?
Ans: When polythene is dumped into the ground, it decreases the fertility of the soil. As it is
a Non- biodegradable substance, it remains in the soil forever and reduces the water-
retaining capacity of the soil by blocking its pores. Also, polythene has the property of Non-
permeability, so it cuts off respiration of soil stem which in turn affects the plant life and
animal life dependent on that soil.
Q. no. 7: How does polythene affect animals?
Ans: Polythene bags disposed of carelessly on the roads are often eaten by stray animals. This
polythene disturbs the normal functioning of an animals body and often leads to their death.
It is estimated that about one billion marine animals die each year due to polythene pollution.
Q. no. 8: What is SRO 182?
Ans: Vide SRO 182 is a new law passed by the government of Jammu and Kashmir on 18 June,
2008 by which the use of polythene has been banned within the territorial limits of the state.
Q. no. 9: How can we save our Posterity from the harmful effects of the polythene?
Ans: As the inhabitants of the earth, it is our foremost responsibility that we stop the use of
polythene bags as well as its manufacture. We should seek other better alternatives like
paper and jute. Our earth is choking; it can no longer endure the burden of our mistakes.
We've already done much harm to her. It is the high time we start correcting our wrongs
and at once stop the use of polythene so that our future generations too can witness life on
the earth.

Subject:-English Grammar FA6

DIALOGUE WRITING
Dialogue is basically a conversation between two or more people. In fiction, it is a verbal
conversation between two or more conversation. Sometimes its is a self-talking dialogue,
they are known as a Monologue.
Points to be Remember
1. The students need to read the preceding and the following dialogues.
2. They must understand the topic well and make points.
3. The tenses should be accurate according to the dialogue.
4. It should seem a natural conversation.
5. The words used should not be vague and should convey the message.

Tips to Write Dialogue

1. Speak out the Dialogue loudly as it will help you resonate on your own dialogue and
make you understand how will it sound to the reader.
 3

2. Keep your dialogue brief and impactful as adding extra details will only deviate the
reader’s mind from the main point.
3. Give each character a unique way of talking or voice. It will add an extra character trait
and readers can identify the character just by reading his dialogue.
4. While writing the dialogue always remember whom the dialogue is being addressed to.
5. Dialogues should not be lengthy and confusing for the readers as through the dialogue
only the story moves.

1. Write a Dialogue between You and Your Teacher about which Course to Study at
Vacations.
Child- Good Morning Sir, how are you?
Teacher- I am completely fine. What about you?
Student- I was wondering which course to learn in my vacations.
Teacher- It can be confusing with so many options online. You should make a list and
narrow it down as per your interest.
Student- I have tried that but still I am left with three options- Artificial Intelligence,
Machine learning or Data science.
Teacher- Well! All of them are very interesting courses, but as far as I remember you have
always been interested in Artificial Intelligence.
Student- Yes! I do because I feel it is our future.
Teacher- Well then its no harm in pursuing it and later if you find it less interesting you can
always switch.
Student- Yes it sounds like a great idea. Thanks!

Topic: - Clauses (noun/adjective)

A subordinate clause, which can also be called Dependent Clause, has three types:
1) Noun Clause
2) Adjective Clause
3) Adverb Clause
1) Noun Clause: It is a clause that does the work of a noun in a sentence and so it is called a
noun clause. Thus it, does the work of a noun. A noun clause usually begin with conjunctions
that, if, what, whether, etc or with the interrogative words like why, what, where, when or
how E.g.
Ravi says that it will not work. ‘Ravi says’ __ main or principal clause. ‘That it will not work’
___subordinate clause.
I thought that it was a good film. ‘I thought _main or principal clause. That it was a good film
__subordinate Clause.
He is ashamed of what he said, I found that the locks were broken. Etc
2) Adjective clause: It is a clause that does the work of an adjective in a sentence and so it is
called an adjective clause... It qualifies either a noun or a pronoun in the Principal clause.
E.g. The student who waste their time come to grief. It is a long road that knows no end.
This is the house that my father built.
All that glitters is not gold. He that climbs too high is sure to fall. I like those who mind their
own business. Etc
 4

3) Adverb clause: It is a clause that does the work of an adverb in a sentence and so it is
called an adverb clause. Like an adverb it may modify some verb, adjective or another
adverb in the principal clause... e.g.
Neeraj could not come because he was sick. You can go where you please. The patient had
died before the doctor came. Since no one claimed the watch ¸ it was sold. He ran fast lest
he should miss the train etc

WRITING SKILLS: ESSAY

QUTUB MINAR

One of the old and famous historical monuments of India is Qutub Minar, which was built in
1193. This is a soaring 73 meters tall tower and is the highest stone minaret in the world and
second tallest minaret in India after Fateh Burj (100 meters). Qutub Minar is a five-storied
tower with a base diameter of 14.32 meters, and it contains 379 stairs that reach the top of
diameter about 2.75 meters. The minaret has five distinct stories surrounded by a projected
balcony encircling the tower. Qutub Minar was built being inspired by the Minaret of Jam in
Afghanistan; hence the Afghani and Indo-Islamic Architecture is evident in the design of the
tower.

The interiors of Qutub Minar have Quran verses intricately carved on the walls. A beautiful
garden surrounds this tower, and it is located in the Qutub Complex of Seth Serai, Mehrauli
region of New Delhi. The reason behind the building of Qutub Minar was the victory of the
Ghurid Dynasty emperor Qutub-ud-Din Aibek over the last Hindu ruler Rajput Prithviraj
Chauhan of Delhi. Qutub-ud-Din Aibek is also the founder of Delhi’s sultanate rule, and their
victory marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India; hence Qutub Minar is also called the
‘Tower of Victory.’
Earlier the courtyard consisted of 27 Hindu and Jain temples which were demolished by
Qutub-ud-Din Aibek after capturing the throne. Qutub-ud-Din Aibek started the
construction of Qutub Minar, for the use of muazzin (crier) to give calls for prayers, but he
could only build the basement and raise the first storey of the tower. Then his son-in-law
and successor Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish continued the construction and made the tower of
three stories. Till this, the tower was made of red sandstone and marble.
 5

A lighting incident demolished the top floor, and it was Firoz Shah Tughlak, who took the
responsibility to renovate it in 1368 and added two more stories made of white sandstone
and marble. After that, he also built a cupola (a dome top) above the fifth floor i.e., the last
storey of the tower. But in 1802, the dome fell because

of an earthquake, and the whole tower was damaged. It was Major R. Smith (a Royal
Engineer of the British Empire) who restored the Qutub Minar and replaced the top position
of the cupola with a Bengali-style ‘Chattri’ in 1823. In 1993, UNESCO added Qutub Minar to
the list of World Heritage Sites in India.

Write a letter to your friend ( Aneesa/ Anika) describing your experience of taking food in
a Chinese restaurant. You are Samin/ Samreena of 506 ,Friends Street ,New Delhi

506, Friends Street

New Delhi

20th November , 2024

Dear Anika
Hope you are well. Today I shall tell you about my experience of taking food in a Chinese
restaurant. My uncle invited me to have dinner at a famous Chinese restaurant in Delhi on
the occasion of his marriage anniversary.
The name of the restaurant was ‘Mint’. It was decorated so colorfully and tastefully that it
looked like a dreamland to me. When the food was served on the table, I was surprised to
see so many dishes of food items.There were chicken fry, burger, pizza, soup, and many
other items which were unknown to me.
We ate according to our choice. There were waiters to help us. I would never forget the
experience. No more today. With best wishes and love.
Yours ever
Samreena