To study the simple test for carbohydrates (Glucose/Starch)
[Link] Experiments Observation Inference
Solubility test:
1 (i)Take a small amount of the Glucose dissolved Glucose is soluble
given sample in a test tube and in water whereas in water whereas
add 1 ml of distilled water into it starch is turbid starch is insoluble
and shake the test tube well. solution. in water.
(ii)Take a small amount of the The substance in Presence of
given sample in a test tube and test tube gets carbohydrate is
add few drops of Conc.H2SO4 charred with smell confirmed.
into it. of burnt sugar.
2 Molisch’s test:
Take about 1-2 ml of A violet (purple) ring Presence of
carbohydrate solution in a test is formed at the carbohydrate is
tube and add few drops of junction of two confirmed.
Molisch’s reagent (1% alcoholic layers.
solution of 1-naphthol) into it.
Pour 1 ml conc. H2SO4 slowly
along the side of the test tube.
Fehling’s test (i) A reddish Presence of
Take about 1-2 ml of precipitate is formed. Glucose.
carbohydrate solution in a test (Reducing sugar)
tube and add 1-2 ml each of (ii) No formation of Presence of starch.
3 Fehling’s solution A and (Non-Reducing
reddish precipitate.
Fehling’s solution B into it. Keep sugar)
the test tube in a boiling water
bath.
4 Tollen’s Test:
Take about 1-2 ml of carbohydrate
solution in a test tube and add 1- A silver mirror is Presence of
2ml of Tollen’s reagent into it. indicating reducing Glucose.
Keep the test tube in a boiling carbohydrate. (Reducing sugar)
water bath.
5 Iodine Test:
Take about 1-2 ml of
carbohydrate solution in a test Appearance of Blue Presence of Starch.
tube and add 1-2 drops of iodine colouration
solution.
Result:
The given food sample is Carbohydrate.
1
To study some simple tests of Protein
[Link] Experiments Observation Inference
1 Biuret test:
Take a small quantity of the
dispersion of the sample in a Bluish violet colouration Presence of
test tube and add 2 ml of is obtained. Protein
NaOH solution into it. Now
add 4-5 drops of 1%
CuSO4 solution and warm
the mixture for about 5
minutes.
2 Xanthoproteic test
Take about 2 ml of the Yellow precipitate is Presence of
sample in a test tube and obtained. Protein
add few drops of Conc.
HNO3 into it and heat the
test tube.
3 Millon’s test
Take 1-2 ml of the sample in White precipitate which Presence of
a test tube and add 2 drops changes to brick red on Protein
of Millon’s reagent. boiling water bath.
Result:
The given food sample is Protein.
2
To Study some simple tests of Oils and Fats
[Link] Experiments Observation Inference
1 Solubility test Water:
Shake a small amount of the Sample is immiscible. Oil or fat is present.
given sample with 1 ml each Alcohol:
of water, alcohol in two test Sample forms a lower
tubes. layer which dissolves on
heating.
2 Translucent Spot test
Place a little of the substance Translucent spot
on a filter paper and press it appears on the filter Oil or fat is present
on the folds of the filter paper.
paper and unfold the filter
paper.
3 Acrolein test
Heat a little of the sample A pungent irritating Oil or fat is present
with some crystals of odour of acrolein.
potassium bisulphate in a
test tube.
Result:
The given food samples is fat and oil.
