FIRST TERM

SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS: JSS3

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPICS
1. Advertising/Media/Jingles-Meaning, Types, Functioning, Radio, Television, Newspaper,
etc. Different Jingles used in Advertising Media.
2. Transportation- Meaning, Importance and Types
3. Advantages/ Disadvantages of Transportation of Each Type of Transportation
4. Communication- Meaning, Means of Communication and Importance
5. Communication- Services Provided by Communication Agencies
6. Simple Single Business Goal- Meaning, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats
7. Drawing A Simple Single Business Plan-Meaning of Simple Business Plan, Procedure for
Drawing up a Simple Single Business Plan
8. Consumer Protection Agencies- Meaning and Uses, National Communcation Commission
(NCC), Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON), National Electricity Regulatory
Commission(NERC), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control
(NAFDAC) Roles and Responsibilities of Consumer Protection Agencies.
9. How To Make Complaints- Meaning, Justification, Unjustified Complaints, Steps in
Lodging a Complaints, Writing a Complaint Letter, Reasons of Borrowing Claim Cards,
Procedures for Burning Chemicals not Suitable for Use, Reason for Restricting Chemicals
not Suitable for Use.
10. How To Seek Redress
11 & 12 Revision & Examination

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 1

DATE: 9TH - 13TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: ONE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: ADVERTISEMENT
DURATION:] 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: E-NOTE
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Explain advertising
 Create a jingle/advert to sell a product
 Identify various types of advertising
 Explain different jingle used in advertising media

CONTENT ADVERTISEMENT

MEANING OF ADVERTISING
Advertising is the process of creating awareness among the members of public about a particular product. It
ensures that customers are aware of the existence and availability of a particular product and they are
persuaded to buy it. Advertising can take various forms.

VARIOUS FORMS OF ADVERTISING

INFORMATIVE ADVERTISING
This kind is aimed at spreading information that will let consumers to know which goods and services are
available.

PERSUASIVE ADVERTISING
This is a type of advertising which tries to persuade customers to buy a particular brand of product as being
different from other brands.

COMPETITIVE ADVERTISING
This is a type of advertising which is aimed at persuading customers to buy one brand of a product in
preference to another brand by another producer.

MASS/GENERIC ADVERTISING
This is a type of advertising in which manufacturers of similar products or same commodity come together
to jointly advertise their products to the consuming public.

IMPORTANCE/ROLE OF ADVERTISING
1 To introduce new product - It creates awareness about the availability of a product.
2 It enlightens members of the public on the usefulness of a product
3 It creates awareness about the quality of a product.
4 It helps consumers to compare prices of competing product.
5 It helps to increase sales.
6 Advertising helps in introducing a new product to the market.
7 It helps in publishing brand names.
1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 2
 8 It boosts a product’s share of the market.
9 It enhances the public image of an organization
10 It is a gentle way of reminding consumers about a product.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define advertising.
2. List five roles of advertising

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 34 - 41

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What are aids to trade?
2. List the aids to trade that you know
3. Give another name for aids to trade
4. What is production?
5. Give the factors of production with their respective rewards.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Which of the following is not an aid to trade?
a. Transportation b. Communication c. Advertising d. Commerce
2. ___ is a type of advertising.
a. Information b. Informative c. Marketing d. Competition.
3. Advertising___ demand for the advertised product. a. discourages b. reduces c.
stimulates d. hinders.
4. The form of advertising that involves producers of similar products coming together to advertise their
products is known as ___ advertising
a. competitive b. generic c. persuasive d. indirect.
5. The cost of advertising a product is borne by ___
a. marketers b. advertiser c. consumers d. producers.

THEORY
1 What is advertising?
2 List five roles of advertising
3 State five means of advertising

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DATE: 16th -20th SEPTEMBER, 2024
CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: TWO
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: TRANSPORTATION
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: E-NOTE
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: THE STUDENTS HAVE BEEN TAUGHT ADVERTISEMENT
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Define transportation
 Justify the need for transportation to the economy
 Explain different means of transportation.

CONTENT: TRANSPORTATION

DEFINITION/MEANING OF TRANSPORTATION
Transportation is concerned with the movement of people and goods from one place to another. This is
concerned with all activities that ensure effective transportation system. Those who engage in these services
are drivers, pilots, sailors, etc.

IMPOTRTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
1 It facilitates efficient distribution of goods and services.
2 It promotes trading activities.
3 It facilitates efficient movement of productive resources i.e. man and materials.
4 Transportation prevents waste. E.g. of perishable goods.
5 It encourages the development of rural areas.
6 It encourages trade between one country and another.
7 Transport widens the market for goods and services i.e. taking goods and services to where they are
needed most.
8 It leads to economic growth and development.
9 Transport helps to improve the standard of living of the people.

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA

The means or methods of transportation in Nigeria are as follows –
1 Transport by Land: Land transport can be sub-divided into
A Road transport and
B Rail transport
The means of road transport in Nigeria are-
1 motor vehicle
2 trailers
3 buses
4 bicycles
5 motor-cycles
6 carts
7 camel
8 walking

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 4

 Transport by Rail: Train has its special route. It does not move on ordinary ground. The special
iron tracks on which trains move are known as railway lines.
2 Water Transport: This uses:
1 boat
2 canoe
3 ship, etc.
3 Air Transport – This is carried out by means of aeroplanes from one airport to another in Nigeria.
4 Pipeline Transport: This is a suitable means of transporting liquid products such water, crude oil
and gas.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define transportation.
2. State the main modes of transportation.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 41 to 49.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Transportation is the movement of _____ and ____ from one place to another.
A. goods and services B. goods and loads C. people and children D. people and goods.
2. Which of the following is not an importance of transportation? Transportation___
A. expands the scope of the market for manufactured goods. B. facilitates the distribution of goods
C. increases the spoilage of goods D. encourages tourism.
3. Which of the following means of transport is suitable for transporting crude oil?
A. Ferry B. Coaster C. Pipeline D. Road transport
4. The means of transport that involves special iron tracks for it to move is known as ___ A. pipeline
transport B. road water transport C. rail transport D. air transport.
5. Which is the odd one among the following?
A. Ferry B. Carmel C. Trailer D. bus.

THEORY
1. What is transportation?
2. Give the main means of transportation
3. State five importance of transportation

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 5

DATE: 23TH - 27TH SEPTEMBER 2024
CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: THREE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: E-NOTE
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: THE STUDENTS HAVE BEEN TAUGHT TRANSPORTATION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Itemize the advantage of different types of transportation
 Identify the disadvantages of each types of transportation.

CONTENT: ADVANTANGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION

ROAD TRANSPORT
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORT BY ROAD
1. Road transport is flexible.
2. It is a suitable means of transport for carrying perishable goods.
3. It is relatively a faster means of transport.
4. The maintenance cost is low.
5. Loading and unloading are easy.
6. It provides door-to-door service for transporting goods, etc.

DISADVANTAGESOF TRANSPORT BY ROAD

1 The rate at which accidents happen is high.
2 Congestions and traffic congestions occur in road transport.
3 It is not suitable for carrying fragile goods.
4 It does not operate on schedule.
5 Welfare facilities such as canteens and toilets are not provided.
6 It is not suitable for conveying heavy and bulky goods, etc.

RAIL TRANSPORT
ADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT
1 Trains carry bulky goods more than motor vehicles.
2 Accidents are not common occurrence.
3 Train fares are cheaper than that of motor vehicles.
4 It is good for long distance journeys.
5 Canteen and toilet facilities are made available in trains.
6 Trains do not involve in traffic hold-ups, etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF RAIL TRANSPORT

1 It is not flexible like road transport
2 The maintenance costs of trains and their lines are high
3 Loading and unloading of goods in trains are not easy
4 Trains do not provide door-to-door service
5 Trains cannot be used by firms to do door-to-door advertising
6 Trains delay a lot on their ways as they stop from station to station, etc.
1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 6
WATER TRANSPORT
ADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT
1 It is the most suitable means of carrying bulky goods.
2 It connects countries of the world.
3 It helps to make international trade possible.
4 It is cheaper in long distance journeys than air transport.
5 Cargoes are expertly packed in ships.
6 Luxurious facilities are provided in trains, etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF WATER TRANSPORT

1. It is very slow especially in long distances.
2. It is very expensive to acquire a ship.
3. Construction of new seaports is very expensive.
4. It is faced with the dangers of sea storms.
5. It is not a common means of transportation.
6. Loading and unloading of goods in ships is not easy, etc.

AIR TRANSPORT
ADVANTAGESOF AIR TRANSPORT
1. Air transport is the fastest means of transport.
2. It is the most suitable means of transporting perishable goods.
3. When efficiency and comfort are essential, it provides the answer.
4. It is conducted on schedule and therefore, it is reliable.
5. It is a very good means of transport over long distances.
6. It costs nothing to provide air routes, etc.

DISADVANTAGES OF AIR TRANSPORT

1. Air transport cost is very expensive.
2. It is not flexible because it is operated on schedule.
3. It is not suitable for carrying bulky goods.
4. Its operation is influenced by weather.
5. Cost of construction and equipping of airports are expensive.
6. Airports are located away from the people, etc.

PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
ADVANTAGESOF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
1. It is a suitable means of transporting liquids.
2. It is cost effective.
3. It does not require elaborate preparation for loading and off-loading.

DISADVANTAGESOF PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

1. Pipelines are prone to vandalisation.
2. Some pipelines carrying toxic materials can be dangerous to the environment when damaged.
3. The cost of patrolling the pipelines to guard against vandalisation is very high.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 7

 1. State four advantages of air transport.
2. What are the five shortcomings of rail transport?

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 44 to 51

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ---- is the fastest means of transport. A. Air B. Water C. Road D. Rail
2. ---- is the most suitable means of transport for carrying bulky good.
A. Water B. Air C. Road D. Rail
3. ---- transport system is the most suitable for carrying perishable
A. Road B. Air C. Rail D. Pipeline
4. _____ transport system is affected by traffic jams.
A. Road B. Rail C. Air D. Water
5. The transport system that is most affected by weather is _______
A. rail B. road C. water D. air

THEORY
1 State five advantages and five disadvantages of transport by air
2 Mention three advantages of water transport over air

DATE: 30TH – 4TH OCTOBER 2024

CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: FOUR
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: COMMUNICATION
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS: E-NOTE
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Define communication
 Identify the means by which communication can be effectively achieved
 Justify importance of communication is needed.

CONTENT: COMMUNICATION

DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
Communication can simply be defined as exchange of information, news, ideas, opinions, etc. It can be oral
or written.

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
1 The world is now one huge market place as a result of the ease in communication.
2 By means of communication, the manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers can maintain
constant contact
3 It is now possible for business to obtain accurate market information without the need to travel.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 8

 4 Communication encourages the free flow of goods from the point of manufacture to the point of
need.
5 Communication aids the quick settlement of foreign debts by means of telegraphic money order, etc.
6 Communication provides useful means of controlling and directing aircraft in air.
7 While in the middle of ocean, communication helps to direct and control ocean- going vessels.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1 Oral communication
2 Written communication
3 Advertising
4 Non-verbal communication, etc.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define advertising.
2 . List five roles of advertising

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 50 to 51

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. What is insurance?
2. Mention the types of insurance.
3. Give five principles of insurance.
4. State four importance of insurance.
5. Explain subrogation as a principle of insurance..

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Which of the following is not a source of receiving information in an office?
a. Drums b. Internet c. Letters d. Telephones.
2. Metal gong is an example of ____ a. indirect b. modern c. traditional d. written.
3. Which of the following is NOT a GSM service provider in Nigeria? a. Airtel b.
Nokia c. Globacom d. MTN
4. The following are auxiliaries to trade EXCEPT a. advertising b. insurance c. communication d.
accounting.
5. Signs are also a form of ---------------
a. communication b interviewing c celebrating d. none of the above.

THEORY
1. What is communication?
2. Mention four importance of communication.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 9

DATE: 7th – 11th October, 2024
CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: FIVE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: COMMUNICATION-SERVICES PROVIDED BY COMMUNICATION
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO: Enumerate the service provided by communication.

CONTENT: COMMUNICATION –SERVICES PROVIDED BY COMMUNICATION

POST OFFICE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

NIPOST is an important branch of the Federal Ministry of Communications. Internal and international
postal services are the major responsibilities of NIPOST.

POSTAL AND TELEGRAPHIC SERVICES

POSTAL SERVICES: As regards internal postal services within Nigeria, NIPOST delivers letters, parcels,
cards, etc. Charges for these services vary from time to time.

TELEGRAPHIC SERVICES: NITEL makes it possible to dispatch telegrams within and outside Nigeria.
It is also possible to send telegrams to ships on the high seas.

ORDINARY LETTER POSTAGE SERVICE: NIPOST carries and distributes letters to people and
institutions within Nigeria. This is a very important service.

EXPRESS LETTER POSTAGE SERVICE: NIPOST dispatches express letters as quickly as possible and
by the fastest available means. This service attracts extra charges.

POSTAGE BY AIR: Air mail service is a means by which the post office sends people’s mails by air
through aeroplane.

REGISTERED LETTERS AND PARCELS

REGISTERED LETTERS: At times, some letters have very important documents attached to them or they
themselves are very important. In any of these cases, such a letter may be registered to guarantee its safety.
The post office collects extra charges for rendering this service to its customers.

REGISTERED PARCELS: Like the registered letters, parcels that contain important items are frequently
registered by the post office at the request of its clients. This is done to secure the content of such parcels.
For this service, the post office also charges the customer more.

INTERNATIONAL, TRUNK AND LOCAL CALLS: The post office renders the above telephone
services to its customers. These are explained as follows.

INTERNATIONAL CALLS: These are calls made from one country to another. Different rates are
charged for such calls based on the country to which the call is made and the duration of each call.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 10

TRUNK CALLS: These are calls made within a country but from one town to another. Examples are calls
from Lagos to Ibadan or from Asaba to Kano all in Nigeria. Also different rates apply to different calls
depending on the time of the day or night the call is made and the duration of such calls.

LOCAL CALLS:Local calls are calls made within the same town. For example a call from Yaba to
Oyingbo in Lagos Mainland.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Explain: a. registered letters b. ordinary letters and c. trunk calls.
2. Mention four types of communication

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for JSS3 by O. A. Lawal, pages 51 to 58

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is a typewriter?
2. Give ten parts of typewriter
3. Which is the moveable part of typewriter when typing?
4. Give the function of each part of typewriter as mentioned above
5. In what year was typewriter invented?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1 The call made from Aba to Kano in Nigeria is called --- call.
a trunk b local c internal d international
2 Which of the following attracts extra charges to handle?
a ordinary mail b post card c business letter d express letter
3 A call from Lagos to Accra is an/a ---- call.
a local b trunk c ordinary d international
4 --- helps to save an ocean going vessel in danger
a diagram b telegram c programme d none of the above
5 The following are services rendered by the post office except?
a. express letters b. money orders c. poster orders d. satellite services
.
THEORY
1 List and explain three importance of communication.
2 How does communication serve as an aid to trade? Give five examples.

DATE: 14th – 18th OCTOBER,2024

CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: SIX
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS GOALS
DURATION: 40 MINS

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 11

REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Explain business goals
 Identify SWOT analysis in a given situation
 Justify the limitation of SWOT analysis.
CONTENT SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS GOALS

MEANING OF BUSINESS GOAL

It is important that when setting up a business, the entrepreneur identifies the goals to be achieved. There
after he/she targets and works at achieving these business goals. Therefore, a business goal is a business
objective or target to be achieved by a specific period. A business may fail if its goals are not identified at
the initial stage.

SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT analysis means the designed plan to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a
business. SWOT is an acronym for:

S- Strengths. Strengths refer to the internal characteristics of a business which give it an advantage over
others. For example sufficient capital, strategic business location, effective and efficient work-force and
good customer relation can help a business venture to achieve its goals.

W-Weaknesses. Weaknesses are the internal characteristics that put a business at a disadvantage in
comparison to others. For instance, insufficient capital, low-standard products, poor marketing, poor
customer services, absenteeism among workers, etc.

O- Opportunities. These are external factors or characteristics of a business environment that help the
objectives of the business. Example provision of infrastructural facilities such as good roads, constant power
supply, etc.

T- Threats. These are the external factors of a business environment that can have adverse effects on the
business. Example: the enactment of a new law by the government, bad debt, etc.

SWOT analysis can be carried out for an enterprise, a product, an industry or a venture. SWOT analysis
should precede the setting of business goals as this will enable achievable goals and objectives to be set for
the business.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define a business goal.
2. What is SWOT analysis?

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 12

READING ASSIGNMENT
WABP Business Studies Book 3 Pages54 to 63

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. What is a sole proprietorship?
2. Give three advantages and three disadvantages of sole proprietorship.
3. State four other forms of business organizations that you know.
4. Who is an entrepreneur?
5. State four qualities of an entrepreneur.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The objective of a business that is to be achieved at a specific period is called__
(a) business strategy (b) business purpose (c) business document (d) business map.
2. Before establishing a business venture, it is necessary to identify the goals of such business. (a)
Sometimes true (b) False (c) Always true(d) One cannot be sure
3. Who among the following should be the one to identify the business goals? The___ (a) receptionist
(b) secretary (c) manager (d) entrepreneur
4. The following explain the acronym SWOT analysis except
(a) objectives (b) threat (c) strengths (d) weakness
5. Insufficient capital and poor customer services can be regarded as ___ to a business. (a) threats (b)
weaknesses (c) opportunity (d) strengths.

THEORY
1. What is a business goal?
2. Give the acronym of SWOT.
3. What is SWOT analysis?

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 13

DATE: 28th -1st NOVEMBER, 2024
CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: EIGHT
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO: Appraise a business plan
Itemize the characteristics of business plan
Distinguished between a good business plan and a bad business plan.

CONTENT: DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN

BUSINESS PLAN
A business plan is a written document which describes the objectives of a business and the strategies of
achieving the objectives. A business plan is like a road map giving the direction of a business. The business
plan contains the background information about a business venture.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A BUSINESS PLAN

1. A good business plan must be clear in its objectives to be achieved.
2. A good business plan must be reasonable and achievable.
3. It must be measurable and easy to determine if the business is growing or not.
4. It must be time-bound and state how long the objective will be achieved.
5. It must be in written form so that it will be easy to refer to.

USES OF A BUSINESS PLAN

1. It acts a guide to the business and its operations.
2. It helps the entrepreneur to research into the business they want to pursue
3. It helps the employees to know the objectives of the business thereby enabling them to work towards
these objectives
4. It helps develop the policy or rules for the business
5. It helps the investors to know and see how accountable the management is and the structure put into
place.

PROCEDURES FOR DRAWING A SIMPLE SINGLE BUSINESS PLAN

1. Background/preamble—It has the product/service, its name, logo, vision and goals.
2. Market Research-----Find out customers’ want and needs, pricing and competitors in the market.
3. Marketing----Creating awareness for the goods.
4. Production---method of production and quality control.
5. Organization/management—showing number of people that will be employed and their duties.
6. Finance----estimating amount to start a business, its source and how it is to be expended.
7. Action plan.

PRESENTATION
1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 14
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. What is a business plan?
2. State two uses of a business plan.

READING ASSIGNMENT
WABP Business Studies book 3 Pages54 to 63

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. What is an office?
2. Mention the types of an office that you know and give an example for each.
3. State seven functions of an office.
4. Give seven components of Business Studies.
5. What is trade by barter?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The written form of a business’ objectives and their strategies is called business ___ (a) product
(b) service (c) plan (d) management
2. The external factors of a business environment that can have negative effect on the goals of a
business are termed as ___ (a) objectives(b) strengths (c) threats (d) weaknesses
3. The business plan should describe the business objectives and the ___ of achieving it. (a) layout
(b) components (c) strategies (d) plan.
4. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of a business plan? (a)Achievable (b)Measurable
(c) Cheap and easy (d)In written form.
5. Which is the first procedure in drawing the business plan? (a)Action plan (b) Market research
(c)Background preamble (d)Production

THEORY
1. Define a business plan.
2. State three uses of business plan to an entrepreneur

DATE: 4th – 8th NOVEMBER, 2024

CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: NINE
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 15

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Explain the meaning of consumer protection agencies
 Narrate the process that different agencies undertake to protect consumer
 List the roles of different agencies.

CONTENT CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES

MEANING OF CONSUMER PROTECTION

Consumer protection is a way of ensuring that consumers enjoy maximum protection from the goods they
buy and the services rendered to them. This helps to reduce and prevent the exploitation of the consumers
such as low quality products and exorbitant prices on of goods and services.

MEANING OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES

Consumer protection agency is an agency set up for the purpose of monitoring the activities of the
manufacturer and the middlemen in order to avoid exploitation and unscrupulous activities.

NEED FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION

1. To reduce price increase caused by artificial scarcity by the manufacturers and the middlemen
2. To prevent consumers from buying low quality products as a result of false advertisement.
3. To ensure that consumers enjoy maximum satisfaction from the goods they buy and the services
rendered to them.
4. To ensure that consumers have constant supply of some essential goods and services
5. To prevent artificial scarcity of goods as a result of hoarding by the manufacturers and the
middlemen

AGENCIES OF CONSUMER PROTECTION

There are three basic organs or agencies of consumer protection and these are government agencies, the
legislations and independent organizations.

GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS
1. National Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC): This is established by the
federal government to oversee the production and distribution of food and drugs so as to examine the
conditions under which such foods or drugs are produced. It safeguards the health of the nation.
2. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA): This is established by the Federal Government
to eradicate the use of hard drug and its trafficking.
3. Standard Organization of Nigeria: This is established to ensure that both goods produced and
imported into the country are of good standard and quality.
4. Ministry of Health: This regulates the safety of the food items. For instance the cleanliness of
abattoir, the healthiness of animals to be slaughtered
5. Ministry of Environment: This regulates the building of houses and the sanitation of the
environment.

LEGISLATIONS
These are laws made to protect consumers and they include the following.
1. Sale of Goods Act 1893: This law protects consumers from buying goods that do not conform to the
description and sample advertised.
2. Weights and Measures Act 1963: It protects the consumers from being exploited in the weights and
measures of goods.
3. Food and Drug Act: It protects consumers from buying goods that are not well labeled or fit for
human consumption.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 16

 4. Rent Edicts: This helps to reduce the exploitation of tenants by landlords and agents.
5. Hire Purchase Acts 1965
6. Misrepresentation Act 1968
7. Consumer Credit Act 1974

INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION
These are non-governmental bodies that help in protecting the interests of consumers. They include the
following.
1. Trade associations
2. Consumer Associations
3. Mass Media
4. Research Institutions.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic

Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define consumer protection.
2. Mention four laws enacted to protect consumers.

READING ASSIGNMENT
Business Studies for Junior Secondary School 3 by O.A Lawal, Pages56-59

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Define manuscript.
2. What is a margin?
3. Give ten types of office equipment.
4. State the function of each of the office equipment.
5. State four roles of wages office.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. A way of making sure that consumers derive maximum satisfaction from the goods and services they
buy is called ___ (a) Consumer exploitation(b) Consumer manipulation (c) Consumer protection
(d) consumer legislations
2. The following are the needs for protecting the consumers except (a) to avoid arbitrary behavior (b) to
ensure constant supply of essential product (c) to allow unscrupulous activities of the manufacturers
(d) to prevent false advertisement claims.
3. Consumer need to be protected against fake and substandard products. True/False
4. Which of the following laws protects the consumer from misleading advertisements, handbills and
sales promotion? (a)Rent Edict (b) Sale of Goods Act 1893
(c) Weights and Measures 1963 (d)Food and Drug Act 1995
5. The agency that eradicates the use and trafficking of hard drug is called___ (a)
NAFDAC (b) SON (c) Ministry of Environment(d) NDLEA

THEORY
1. What are consumer protection agencies?
2. List five government organizations that protect consumers and state the role of each one of them

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 17
 1. Give five forms of business organization.
2. Describe each of the forms of business organization as mentioned above
3. Which is the oldest form of business organization?
4. Give three merits and three demerits of the oldest form of business organization.
5. What is book keeping?

DATE: 11th -15th NOVEMBER, 2024

CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: TEN
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: HOW TO MAKE COMPLAINTS
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Explain what a complaint is
 Distinguished between justified and unjustified complaint
 State the steps in lodging complaint.

CONTENT HOW TO MAKE COMPLAINTS

MEANING OF A COMPLAINT
A complaint is an expression of dissatisfaction with a behaviour, an activity, a product or a service which
can be oral or written, justified or unjustified. Consumers may express dissatisfaction with a product or a
service and this may be in order to get compensation.

JUSTIFIED AND UNJUSTIFIED COMPLAINTS

A complaint is justified where such complaint has a good defendable basis. For instance, a consumer may
order for a particular product, pay for the products, take the product home for use only to find out that such

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 18

product does not perform to expectation. The consumer is justified to make a complaint provided he/she has
followed the instruction given on the use of the product.

On the other hand an unjustified complaint is a complaint that has no fair basis for redress. For instance a
customer who has bought a blender and does not enjoy the use of the blender may not have a good basis for
making a complaint where he/she has handled the equipment poorly or he/she has not followed the user’s
manual.

STEPS TO LODGING A COMPLAINT

It is necessary that complaint be made as soon as dissatisfaction is noticed. Hence, whenever a consumer has
a complaint about a product or a service, he/she can call a company’s number dedicated to receiving
complaints and talk about the problem to a representative of the organization offering the service. Such
problem discussed on phone can be dealt with on spot.

Also, the company may have designated hours for addressing customers’ complaints. For instance, Monday
to Friday {9am to 12pm}. A complaint can be made by e-mail, where a link is selected and the complaint is
made. A complaint could be made by writing a letter. Here the letter is addressed appropriately to the
organization. The response to the complaint may be immediate, depending on the nature of the complaint.
FORMATS OF COMPLAINTS
The different formats of presenting complaints are:
i. In large prints
ii. In audio tape
iii. Braille

EVALUATION
1. Define a complaint
2. Distinguish between justified and unjustified complaints

BENEFITS OF RESOLVING COMPLAINTS

1. It offers opportunity to examine and put right weaknesses found in a product or the delivery of a
service.
2. It engenders a happier consumer base thereby improving customer loyalty.
3. It leads to reduction in administrative costs since there will be no need reporting complaints which
have earlier been resolved within a business day
4. It leads to reduction in follow up correspondence and requirements.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. Define consumer complaint.
2. State the types of consumer complaint.

READING ASSIGNMENT
WABP Business Studies JSS3 by Egbe Ehiametalor et al, pages 71 to 77

GENERAL EVALUATION
1. State the means of making payment.
2. What is a margin?
3. Give ten types of office equipment.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 19

 4. State the function of each of the office equipment.
5. State four roles of wages office.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. A complaint can be oral or written a. True b. False
2. An expression of dissatisfaction is called ___ a. redress b. complaint c banning of product.
3. A complaint that has a defendable basis is known as___ complaint. a. wholesome
b. clean c. justified d. unjustified.
4. Resolving complaints brings the following benefits EXCEPT ___a. engendering a happier customer
b. improving customer loyalty c. increasing customers’ complaint d. creating opportunity to
examine a product.
5. Which of the following agencies protects consumers? a. EFCC b. INEC c. NAFDAC
d. NECO

THEORY
1. What is a complaint?
2. Explain the following: i. justified complaint ii. Unjustified complaint.
3. List the steps to take when making a complaint

DATE: 18th – 22nd NOVEMBER,2024

CLASS: JSS 3
WEEK: ELEVEN
SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES
SUB-TOPIC: BANNED AND RESTRICTED CHEMICALS
DURATION: 40 MINS
REFERENCE MATERIALS:
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL: TEXT BOOK
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: REVISION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE
ABLE TO:
 Highlight the reason for restricting chemicals not suitable for use
 Describe the procedures for restricting and banning chemicals not suitable for use.

CONTENT: BANNING AND RESTRICTING CHEMICALS NOT SUITABLE FOR USE

Nigeria is a signatory to the international drug, food and chemical control treaties. Hence, chemicals are
banned internally and locally when such chemicals are discovered to be harmful or hazardous to human
health: more so, if there are safe alternatives. To ban something means to prohibit or bar it. Banned
chemicals should not be imported into the country. It is against the law for an individual or a company to be
in possession of banned chemicals.

On the other hand, to restrict something means to make something not easily available. There are chemicals
which are not banned but are restricted. This means the use of such chemicals are controlled for some
reasons as there are likelihood of turning them into hard drugs or chemical weapons. Restricted chemicals
will require special permit to import and clear them.
However chemicals are banned and restricted where:
1. They are fatal if inhaled or ingested.
2. They cause irritation to eyes, nose, throat, rashes to skin, vomiting and diarrhea.
1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 20
 3. They produce fumes which may cause lung cancer.
4. They destroy red blood cells.
5. They cause birth defects in unborn babies.
6. They affect neurological cells.
7. They affect the hormones.

PROCEDURES FOR BANNING AND RESTRICTING CHEMICALS NOT SUITABLE FOR USE
Nigeria is a signatory to Prior Informed Consent (PIC), which gives information on banned and restricted
chemicals. Whenever scientific finding states that a certain chemical is harmful, a country belonging to the
PIC bans and restrict such chemicals, following these procedures.
1. A notice is sent to the international PIC secretariat that a chemical has been discovered to be
harmful.
2. The secretariat makes further enquiries to verify the information.
3. A summary of the information gathered is forwarded to all members of the PIC convention.
4. When the PIC secretariat receives response from one or two countries, it sends it to its chemical
review committee.
5. The PIC later sends its recommendations to the conference of its members countries.
6. Once the countries have accepted the banning or restricting of the chemical, this is circulated with
reasons for the action taken.

PRESENTATION
Step i: the teacher revives the previous topic
Step ii: the teacher introduces the new topic
Step iii: the teacher explain and writes the topic on the board
Step iv: the teacher guides the students to copy their note, mark and ask questions with the students.

EVALUATION
1. State two reasons for banning chemicals not suitable for use.
2. List the procedures for banning and restricting chemicals not suitable for use.

READING ASSIGNMENT
WABP Business Studies JSS3 by Egbe Ehiametalor et al, pages 71 to 77

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is a commercial bank?
2. State four functions of commercial bank.
3. Define a cheque.
4. Give four reasons why a cheque can be dishonoured.
5. Describe a stale cheque.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The act of putting right the wrong that has been done is called__ a. redress b. complaint c.
restricting d. accommodation.
2. One of the following is not a consumer right. a. right to choose b. right to safety c. right to credit
facility d. right to be informed
3. All of the following are reasons for banning chemicals EXCEPT ___a. when they affect red blood
cell b. when they affect hormones c. when they improve human health d. when they affect
neurological cells.
4. The full meaning of PIC is ___ a. People s’ Interest Committee b. Personal Interest Council c. Prior
Informed Consent d. Procedural information Council.
5. Consumers can seek redress through the following agencies EXCEPT ___a. CPC b. NAFDAC c.
SON d. NDLEA.

THEORY
1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 21
 1. What is consumer redress?
2. Explain the following.
i. criminal redress
ii. Civil redress
iii. administrative redress.
3. Give three ways by which consumer rights can be protected.

1ST TERM/BUSINESS STUDIES/JS3 Page 22