Example 3
Draw the flowchart that ask the user to enter a
radius of a circle then it calculates the area and
circumference of this circle
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋𝑟 2
circumference =2𝜋𝑟
𝜋 =3.14
Simple C++ program Debugging Example C++ Arithmetic
operators Postfix and Prefix Assignment
#include<iostream>
Solution using namespace std;
int main( )
start {
float r , area,circum ;
output
“enter the radius” Cout<<“Enter radius”;
cin >> r ;
Input r
area=3.14*r*r;
area=3.14*r*r circum=2*3.14*r;
circum=2*3.14*r
cout<<“area”<<area;
output cout << “circum”<<circum;
area, circum
return 0;
end
}
Creating New Lines in Output
Programmer must specify new line
Line feeding
\n in string constant
cout << “\n Hello.”;
– endl we can jump
– cout << endl<<“we can jump “;
two lines.
Lesson 2.3
Constants
• Constant is the term that has a unique value and
can't be changed during the program execution.
• Declaration:
1. #define constant_name constant_value
Example: #define PI 3.14
Constants
# include <iostream>
# define PI 3.14
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
float r, Area;
cout<< “ Please enter a radius: “ ;
cin>> r;
Area = PI * r * r ;
cout<< “ The area of the circle is ” << Area ;
return 0;
}
Debugging Example
#<include iostream> # include <iostream>
OK using namespace std; using namespace std;
int main ( ); int main ( )
( {
cout << ‘Hello world!’ cout << “Hello world!”;
cout << “Hello again”, endl; cout << “Hello again”<< endl;
// Next line will output // Next line will output a name!
a name! cout << “Sally Student”;
ccut << “Sally Student”; /* Next line will
/* Next line will output another name */
output another name /*
cout << John Senior; cout << “John Senior” ;
} }
Arithmetic operators
operation C++ operator expression
Addition + X+y
Subtraction - X-y
Multiplication * X*y
Division / x/y
Modulus % X%y
Priority
1 () Inner most pair first
2 */% From left to right
3 +- From Left to right
M=12-4/2+4*3
M= 12- 2 + 4*3
M=12-2 + 12
M=10+12=22
Shorthand Assignment Operators
+=,-=,*=,/=,%=,>>=,<<=,&=,|=,and ^=
Examples
Given:
int x=5,y=6,z=9,m;
float w=3.4 , k=4;
So.,
m=y/2; means m=3
m=x/2; means m=
m=5%2; means m=
m=6%2; means m=
m=7%2; means m=
M =W%2; means m= error
Postfix and Prefix Assignment
i++
++i
i--
--i
i++
first provides the value of i to
then adds I to i, while
++i
does the addition first
What is the output? What is the output?
Int x =5;
Int x =5; Cout<<“x=“<<++x<<endl;
Cout <<“x=“<<x++<<endl; X+=10;
Cout<<x;
X+=10;
Cout<<x; Solution
X=6
Solution 16
X=5
16
What is the output?
Int x =5,y=3,z=7;
z=z/2+ ++y*x--;
Cout <<“x=“<<x<<endl;
Cout <<“y=“<<y<<endl;
Cout <<“z=“<<z<<endl;
Solution
X=
Y=
Z=
What is the output? Z= z/2+ ++y *x--;
Int x =5,y=3,z=7;
variable= z/2+ ++y *x--;
Z=z/2+ ++y*x--;
variable=7/2 +
Cout <<“x=“<<x<<endl;
variable=7/2 + 4*
Cout <<“y=“<<y<<endl;
variable=7/2 + 4*5
Cout <<“z=“<<z<<endl;
X- - Screen
Memory X=4
Solution
X=5 ->4
X= Y=4
Y=3 ->4
Y=
Z=7 ->23 Z=23
Z=
TRY
int x=5,y,z;
y=x%3;
z=x+y%--y;
cout<<++x<<endl;
cout<<y++<<endl;
cout<<++z<<endl;
x+=y++*2;
z=x+y;
cout<<++x<<endl;
cout<<++y<<endl;
cout<<z++<<endl;
system("pause");
}
