Unit 1 Outstanding People

Digital Worksheet

Lesson A
Vocabulary: Character adjectives 1
1. stubborn
2. inspiration’
3. arrogant
4. optimistic
5. passionate …..loyal
6. inspiring
7. stubborn
8. optimistic
9. loyal
10. passionate …….arrogant

Vocabulary: Character adjectives 2

1. respected
2. ambitious
3.motivated
4. self-confident……naive
5. determined……sensitive
6. motivated
7. ambitious
8. respected
9. naive……determined
10.sensitive…..self confident

Grammar: Review of tenses 1

1. is……has been
2. was walking…..walked
3. works….is working……has worked
4. go…..been….went….going
5. is ….been….don`t know
6. Started…….had lived…. hadn`t studied
7. Have…`ve done….finished
8. wants……has had….has offered….is still looking
9. doing…`m driving…`ve already eaten…haven`t been
10. walk…..were walking….saw….were eating…had burnt
 Grammar: Review of tenses 2

1. I really enjoy MsHunter's class. She (be) a teacher for many years.
She (love) working with students.

2. Last night, Marta (take) a taxi home because she (lose) her car keys.

3.Hilary and Maryam usually (have) a coffee at The Bean, but today they
(go) to a different place because they (want) to try
something new.

4.My grandfather was great at building things. He (not have) any formal
training in architecture or construction, but he (build) this house by himself.
He (work) on it the day my father was born!

5. I'm sorry I (not text) you last night. I (drop) my phone while
I (try) to text you, and it (break)!

6. Last summer, my parents (visit) Cuenca. They (visit)

Ecuador several times before, but that (be) their first trip to Cuenca, and they
(not visit) any other countries in Latin America before.

7. Rachel and Laurence usually (study) on Tuesday nights, but at the

moment they (take) a break to watch a film. They (spend) all of
last weekend studying, and they (want) to see this film for a
long time.

8. When I was younger, I with my parents and five brothers in a very small
house. We there for about five years when my father a new job
in a different town. We into a bigger house near my father's company. Now,
I alone in a big flat.

9. A: Have Martin and Alice their presentation?

B: Yes, they it already. But now they to hand in a report by tomorrow.
They a lot of work since their new boss !

10 A: Where are you ?

B: I to Rachel's party. You know, I her last party because, when
I was on the way there, I realised I to bring my mobile phone.
I her flat before, so I her address.
 Lesson B
Vocabulary- Trying & Succeeding -1

1. give up
2. have a go
3. drop out
4. keep it up
5. made an effort
6. have a go
7. drop out
8. give up
9. make an effort
10. keep it up

Vocabulary- Trying & Succeeding -2

1. kept up
2. managed to
3. try out
4. work out
5. manage to
6. keeps to
7. try out
8. work out

Grammar Questions 1

1. When is the football match?

2. Is Laura in your class?
3. Do you think English is difficult?
4. Who are you speaking to?
5. A: When
B: Are you
6. A: Who
B: Who with
7. A: Where are you from?
8. A: Why isn`t
B: Did he come?
9. A: Do you……. the class starts?
Where the teacher is
A: if
10. A: do you know
A: which one is better
A: what time do they open
A: How do I get there
 Grammar Questions 2

1. Who’s
2. Why isn’t he
3. Can I take
4. Where did you grow up
5. When they’ll be
6. If this is / whether this is
7. Why he moved
8. a. What for / why
b. Do you want
9. a. where is it
b. where did you go
10. a. which
b. do you sell
c. which
d. where the bank is

Lesson C

Listening – Starting a new job 1

1. training for a job
2.no
3. a.make sure people belong to the gym
b. use a computer
c. help people sign up
4.a.find the person's phone number
b. check that they have the right name
c. hit 'search'
5.a.write down
b.less
6. a.pick up
b.after
7.a. isn't
b. will

Listening – Starting a new job 2

In this there are no questions - Just listen & move to the next activity.
Speaking: Cutting a conversation short; Explaining and checking
understanding 1

1. most important
2. a.another
b.that
3. a.don’t
b.clear
c.to thank
d. the idea
4.a.remember
b.mean
c.must go
d.see
e.talk to you later
5.a. I must run.
b. I've got no time to talk now.
c.Nice talking to you.
d.Can't talk just now.
6.a. 2
b.4
c.5
d.3
e.1
7.a.important thing
b.clear
8.a.remember to
b.got

Speaking: Explaining and checking understanding 2

In this you need to record your answers

Lesson D
Reading: Article: My Tech-free Summer
1. David's experiences staying with his uncle
2. a.David had to travel to work at the technology company.
b. Uncle Dan's ideas about technology were different from what David
expected.
3. a. rarely
b. a few hours a week
4. a.personal devices
b. can be harmful
5. a.He became closer to his family.
b. His letters made his mum feel special.
 6. a.David's experience changed his ideas about technology.
b.David is going to stick with limiting his technology use.
7. David's experiences cause him to change his relationship with technology.

Writing: Organizing an article

1. amazingly, surprisingly
2. a.naturally
b.the first thing
c.then
3. a.after
b.inevitably
c.by this stage
4.a.all in all
b.afterwards
c.predictably
d.undoubtedly
e.not suprisingly
5.C
A
E
B
D
6. a. predictably
b. surprisingly
7.a. first thing
b. inevitably
8.a. not surprisingly
b. after
c. amazingly
9.a. undoubtedly
b. afterwards
c. then
10.a.by this stage
b. all in all
c. naturally

Writing: An article
Students need to write (article) few paragraphs on Unexpected experience & their
opinion or feeling about the same.

EXTENSION

Reading- Extension
1. He gets on with his wife……or legs.
2. False, True, False, Doesn`t say, Doesn`t say, True.

Writing-Extension
Paragraph on Outstanding Person & how he or she helped others should be written
by students.

Listening-Extension

1.
1. A train crash
2. A plain crash
3. A bus crash
4. A car accident
5. Being hit by bus
6. A car falls off a mountain
7. Winning the lottery
2.
1. -2
2. -3
3. -1
4. -2
5. -2
6. -3
7. -2
8. -1

Speaking-Extension
Students need to record

Academic Skills
Lesson 1:
Lead-in
1. 2nd Pic
2. 4th Pic
3. 3rd Pic
Listening 1- Listening for key points
1. 2nd

Listening 2- Listening for key points

1. 3
2. 4
3. 1
4. 2
Listening 3- Listening for key points
 1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False
6. True
Reading 1- Understanding the General theme
1 play
2 purpose
3 potential
4 economic pressure
5 emotional pressure
6 boredom
Reading 2- Predicting
1. Just read & move on to the next activity
2. 3rd
Reading 3- Identifying key points
1. 1st
2. 1st
3. 2nd
4. 1st
5. 3rd
6. 2nd

Unit Progress Test

1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. (S)ensitive
18. (l)oyal
19. (n)aive
20.(A)rrogant
21. (e)ffort
22. (w)ork (o)ut
23. (d)etermined
24. (t)ry
25. C
26. A
27. C
28. B
29. D
30. D
31. A
32. C
33. has been writing stories / has written stories
34. was painting the mountain when
35. has disappeared
36. swam for the last time / last swam
37. know why the boss changed
38. Emma go with
39. gave up
40. me if the guests enjoyed / me whether the guests enjoyed
 Unit 2
DIGITAL WORKBOOK
Lesson A
Vocabulary expressions with get 1
1. Mike almost fell when he was working out, but he got hold of the bar just in time.
2. Laura and Margaret are very excited about their trip to the USA. They're going to get away
for a month, and they'll get to spend time with their grandmother and cousins!
3. I couldn’t get over how careless my flatmate was! She got rid
of all my books without asking me because she thought they were hers!
4. Jeff said he had got over how his wife had treated him, but I got the feeling he was lying.
5. Diana got through the competition, but she didn't do very well – she finished in fifth place. It
really got her down, so I took her out to lunch to try to make her feel better.
6. Tonya was feeling very anxious about work, so she decided to get away for the weekend. She
went to the mountains to relax.
7. Eric almost fell when he was fixing the roof, but luckily he got hold of the ladder in time. He was
really scared, but he got over it pretty quickly.
8. Hugo got through the exam successfully. He hasn't got his mark yet, but he's got the feeling
he did really well.
9. The landlord of our new flat doesn't allow pets, so we had to get rid of our cat when we moved.
She's happy with her new family, but it's still getting us down. We miss her a lot!
10. A: Wow! I can't believe you got to meet your favourite musician! You're so lucky!
B: Yes! I couldn't get over how nice she was. She thanked me for buying all her albums, took a
picture with me and talked to me for ten minutes!

Vocabulary expressions with get 2

1. This meeting has been so long, and on top of that, Tom won't stop talking! I wish he'd get
straight to the point.
2. Last year I got into trouble with my finances. I got bit carried away with online shopping and
spent way too much money.
3. We swam too far from the beach and got swept away by the water. Luckily, there was a man
in a boat nearby. We got his attention by shouting and waving our arms, and he helped us.
4. Neighbour's dog is so loud that I can't concentrate. I'm not getting anywhere with my work.
That dog is really getting on my nerves
5. Once I've got through my exams, I'm going to get away for a few days to recover.
6. Roger got a little carried away and ordered too much food. I don't know how he's going to eat
it all!
7. Some people think Alex is being rude when he talks because he always gets straight to the
point. Sometimes he gets into trouble because people don't understand that it's just his
personality.
8. To do something interesting soon. This course is so boring, it's really getting me down.
9. Lula wanted to get involved with the gymnastics team, but she found some of the other
people on the team annoying. They got on her nerves so much that she quit!
10. We're lost and we've just been driving around for hours. We're not getting anywhwere! Let's
ask that woman for directions. Could you please get her attention?
Grammar Narrative Tense 1
1. I saw the film with Helen, even though I had seen it the week before.
2. We had been in the cinema for about 20 minutes when the women behind us started talking
on their phones. They were being really loud. They were very rude throughout the whole
film!
 3. Michael was hiking when he saw a bear. He had been hiking for many hours and was finally
close to his campsite.
4. When Michael saw the bear, he got very scared. He was getting more and more worried as
the bear moved towards him, but then he remembered some advice.
5. Before Michael went hiking, a park employee had told him that if he saw a bear, he should
walk away slowly. When he saw the bear, he told himself to remain calm, and he walked
away. Later, he saw the park employee, and while he was telling him about the bear, it
walked over!
6. A: Where did you go after work yesterday?
B: I met an old friend for dinner. We hadn't see each other for years.
7. Last Saturday, Sarah went skiing by herself. Her friends had asked her not to go because they
had been worried that something would happen to her. The weather was terrible that day!
8. When Sarah got to the mountain, she put her phone on silent. She had been skiing for about
four hours when she checked her messages. She had got 30 messages!
9. As she was checking her messages, she saw a police officer walking towards her. Her friends
had called the police because they ‘d been calling her for hours and she hadn't answering.
10. A: What did you do on holiday?
B: I went scuba diving.
A: Had you ever been scuba diving before?
B: Yes, once, but I still didn’t feel like I knew what I was doing!

Grammar Narrative Tense 2

1. Matt was swimming (swim) when he saw (see) a shark!
2. I felt (feel) some raindrops, so I went (go) inside the tent and read (read) a book.
3. Heather woke (wake) up late because her alarm didn’t go (not go) off.
4. When I started (start) this job, Anna had been working / had worked (work) here for
about a year.
5. Ralph didn't do (not do) well in the test last week because he 'd been playing / 'd played
(play) video games all week.
6. Here's your cup, Sandra. I knew (know) it was your cup because it's got your name on it.
Were you looking / Had you been looking (you / look) for it?
Lesson B
Vocabulary: Animals and the environment 1

1. Most owls only come out at night. Those that come out during the day are rare.
2. Polar bears are an endangered species because their natural environment is getting destroyed.
3. Tigers are protected because there aren't many of them left – for a long time, people hunted th
em for their fur, but that's illegal now.
4. The storm destroyed the bears' natural habitat, so they started showing up in urban areas. This
happens a lot when animals' natural environments are damaged.
5. Last year, several species became extinct. They disappeared because of changes to
their natural habitat.
6. Pandas are by governments that want to save them.
hunt extinct
People used to dodo birds so much that they became . Now, you can
only see them in museums.
7. You can see black rhinos at the zoo, but there aren't many in their natural environment. They
rare
are very because, for a long time, people hunted them for their horns.

Vocabulary: Animals and the environment 2

1. The natural world is beautiful and amazing.

2. When I saw a pair of eyes in the dark, I thought it might be a dangerous creature, but it was
just my dog!
3. Some monkeys are an endangered species – only a few still exist.
4. Some species of birds are very rare, while others are very common. For example, there aren't
many penguins left, but there are a lot of chickens.
5. The best environment for living things has got clean air and a lot of water and food. At the
moment, many animals haven't got these things, so they're at risk of becoming extinct.
6. I wouldn't want to live in Antarctica, but it's the natural environment for many animals.
7. Fish that live in the deepest parts of the sea have got strange features that help them survive
without light. They look like weird creature from another planet!
8. Many animals that live in the same environment eat the same types of food.
9. Unfortunately, many animals are at risk of becoming extinct because of modern society.
10. Some animals are an endangered species because humans have destroyed their natural habitat

Grammar: Future time clauses and conditionals 1

1. As long as you stay near the beach, you'll be safe swimming in the sea.
Swimming in the sea is safe if you don't go far from the beach.
It's safe to swim in the sea provided you don't go far from the beach.

2. Unless you can swim well, don't go in the water.

You should only go in the water if you know how to swim well.
When you know how to swim well, go in the water.

3. I'll let you know you as soon as I get to the campsite.

First, I'm going to get to the campsite. Next, I'll let you know.
If I'm at the campsite, I'll let you know.

4. If you stay on the path and use the map, you won't get lost.
As long as you stay on the path and use the map, you won't get lost.
Provided you stay on the path and use the map, you won't get lost.

5. Bring some snacks in case you get hungry during the hike this afternoon. I don't know
whether anyone else is bringing any.
6. As soon as I come back from my hike, I’ll come round. You can have dinner without me,
though. I don’t know whether I’ll have dinner at the park or at your house, so I'm going to
bring food with me.
7. Tell a park employee if you see a wild animal.
8. Most animals won't bother you as long as you stay far away.
9. As long as Martin remembers my advice, he'll be fine on his trip. I'm going to write him a
note in case he forgets
10. A: I'm really excited about my first hike! I think I'm going to take the hardest trail they have!
B: That's not a good idea. The park rules say: don’t go on the advanced trails unless you’re
with an experienced hiker.
A: Well, that's no fun!
B: Don't worry, you'll be able to take them one day, when you've got more experience.

Grammar: Future time clauses and conditionals 2

1. A: I've always wanted to go snorkelling, but I'm not sure if I'd like it.
B: I go all the time. Provided If/As long as you're a good swimmer and you aren't afraid
of deep water, snorkelling is a lot of fun. When I go again, I'll let you know.
2. Unless you already have a bottle of water, buy one before you get to the campsite. I don't
know Whether/if they'll sell any water there.
3. As long as/provided/if/when they know you, most dogs won't attack you. However,
if you see a dog you don't know, ask its owner before you try to touch it. I'm going to let
my family know where I'm hiking
4. In case I get lost. And I'm going to call them As soon as/ when I get home.
5. As soon as We get (we / get) hungry, We’ll stop (we / stop) for lunch.
6. When We go (we / go) on holiday next summer, We’ll stay (we / stay) at a campsite.
7. Bring (bring) extra water in case they don't sell it at the beach. I don’t know (I / not know)
whether there are any shops nearby.
8. As long as You don’t get (you / not get) too close to a snake, It will leave (it / leave) you
alone.
9. Dario will have (Dario / have) a good time at camp provided He listens (he / listen) to the
camp workers and he doesn’t break (he / not break) the rules.
10. The orange trail is more interesting, but the main trail is safer when it's wet. Unless it
rains/its raining (it / rain), take/you should take (take) the orange trail. If it rains/its
raining (it / rain), use/you should use (use) the main trail.

Lesson C
Listening: Cooking for a friend 1

1. What is the main reason Alex comes to Jenny's house?

To help her with a problem.
2. Jenny is anxious because she has to make some food for Mike's mum. Jenny hasn't got a
lot of experience with cooking. Jenny wants Alex to eat her food.
3. Which sentences are true about Mike's mum?
1 She's very good at cooking.
2 She runs a restaurant.
4. What's wrong with the food Jenny made?
1 Some of it isn't cooked.
2 It doesn't have much flavour.
5. What advice has Alex got for Jenny?
1 Don't leave the rice in the pan after it's cooked.
2 Use other things besides rice, carrots and broccoli.
6. What is Jenny's food like after she follows Alex's advice?
1 It has more vegetables.
2 The rice is better.
3 It has more flavour.
7. Alex thinks that cooking rice well is hard. In the end, Alex thinks Mike's mother will like
Jenny's cooking.

Listening: Cooking for a friend 2

Speaking: Agreeing using question tags; Giving compliments and responding 1

1. A: Jon almost fell off his bike! He's a terrible rider.
B: Yes, he's not very good at riding a bike, is he? It didn't seem to bother him,
though.
A: No, he didn't seem worried about it at all, did he?
2. A: Rachel and Bella didn't seem very happy that we came to the meeting.
B: No, they didn't seem very welcoming, Did they?
3. A: Your kitchen looks great!
B: It's, ok I guess
A: I love the way that you put flowers everywhere. You've really managed to make it
look very nice.
B: Thanks. I'm glad you like it.
4. A: Wow! That smoothie was excellent!
B: Thanks, I'm really pleased you like it. It's healthy. It's got berries, spinach and low-
fat yogurt in it.
A: I'm impressed! You're so good at making healthy food.
B: Do you think so?
A: Yes! And the view from your balcony is beautiful.
B: Yes, it really is breathtaking, isn't it? Oh, no. I spilt my smoothie!
A: Oh, dear. Your shirt's all wet now.
B: Yes, it's soaking, isn't it? I'd better go and change it.
 5. 3. But the snacks you made were delicious, weren't they?
1. That film wasn't very good.
4. The snacks? Oh, thanks, I'm glad you liked them.
2. No, it wasn't great, was it?
5. Yes, they were wonderful! Thank you for bringing them.

6. A: Look at the wild horses running! They're beautiful!

B: Yes, they are breathtaking when they run like that, aren't they?
A: I can't believe that they can run through the water so easily. They don't seem
to mind being so wet.
B: No. They're soaking, aren't they
7. A: Henry isn't very anxious about the promotion.
B: No, he doesn't seem worried at all, does he?
A: He wasn't very friendly when we tried to talk to him about it.
B: No, but he was very welcoming when we went to his party afterwards, wasn't
he? He was probably just nervous.
8. A: That dress looks lovely on you!
B: It's ok, I guess. I bought it in the sales.
A: You're so good at saving money. I can't get over how great it looks!
B: Thanks, I'm glad you like it.
9. A: Your paintings are really beautiful. I love/life the way that you make the
colours so bright.
B: Thanks, I'm really pleased you like them.
A: You've really Managed to become very good. You could probably sell them
and make a lot of money.
B: Do you think so ?
A: Yes, I do.

Extension
Reading extension

1. an animal that lives in a different place from its ancestors :Yes

an animal that is becoming more and more widespread: No
an animal made famous in films : Yes
an animal that is now extinct : No
an animal that is important in many countries : Yes
an animal that lives close to a lot of humans: Yes
2. This animal may attack humans if they start living in the same environment: Tiger
This animal is often involved in attacks on younger people: Funnel Web Spider
This animal has a special ability that allows it to follow other animals more easily: Komodo
Dragon
This animal has attacked humans by accident: Great white shark
3. Great white sharks normally don't eat humans for food. True
Attacks on humans from great white sharks are always fatal. False
Tigers normally stay away from humans. True
The total number of tigers is large and growing. False
The Komodo dragon is larger than is typical for the group of animals it belongs to. True
When hunting, the Komodo dragon generally kills the animal it attacks immediately. False
Some aspects of the behaviour of the funnel-web spider are different from that of other
spiders. True
A bite from any type of funnel-web spider is equally serious. False
Listening extension
1. Listen to a news story. Choose the correct answer.
A woman is currently in hospital after spending more than two weeks in her car.
2. When Lone didn't come back by 9 pm, her family
were not immediately worried.
The police knew
what time Lone had left work.
The police think she turned from the main road
because of the weather.
The police say Lone
wasn't able to move the car because the weather conditions had got worse.
The police
have only been able to speak to Lone for a short period of time.
The reason why nobody had found the car earlier was that
few cars drive in that area at that time of year.
The reason Lone survived might be that her body made a change to deal with the situation
she was in.

ACADEMIC SKILLS
Listen and choose the correct picture. Lead in
Correct answers:
C
A
C
D
B
B
B
D

Reading 1- Identifying the ideas

Correct Answers:
1. not mentioned
2. Mark Twain
3. Nelson Mandela
4. Cynthia Pury

Reading 2: Understanding general meaning

Correct Answers:
1. as an example of courage
2. to show that a person can be both afraid and courageous
3. to give an example of courage combined with stupidity
4. Courageous acts require action in spite of fear.

Reading 3: Understanding reference words

Read the paragraph from the student's essay. What do the words and phrases in bold (1–10) in
the paragraph refer to? Choose the correct answers.
Correct Answers:
1. controlling fear
2. fear
3. the alligator
4. hit the alligator
5. the golfer
6. a calculated risk
7. the act
8. risk assessment
9. the people
10. flying
Listening 1: Understanding a process
Listen to part of a seminar. It describes the stages a bystander goes through before deciding to
act. Put the stages in the correct order.
Correct Answers:
7
8
1
4
3
2
5
6

Listening 2: Listening for detail

Listen to another part of the seminar. Complete the notes with up to two words or a number
from the seminar.
Correct Answers:
1. 1982
2. surviving
3. helicopter
4. hold
5. freezing / the freezing
6. 75
7. 38
8. 10

Listening 3: Listening for general understanding

Listen to the last part of the seminar. Choose True or False.
Correct Answers:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
Lead-in
Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. hair colour
2. twins
3. Traits
4. appearance
5. colour blind
6. Handedness
7. takes after
8. inherit

Reading 1: Scanning
Read the first part of an introduction to a lecture on genetics. Choose True or False.
Correct Answers:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
Reading 2: Reading for detail
Read the second part of the introduction to the lecture on genetics. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. allele
2. eyes
3. dominant
4. polygenic
5. learning
6. hairline

Listening 1: Listening for detail

Listen to the first part of the lecture on genetics. Choose the correct answers.
Correct Answers:
1. earlobes
2. It is inherited.
3. in children.
4. dimples
5. melanin
6. the environment

Listening 2: Following the main ideas

Listen again. Put the extracts from the lecture in the order that you hear them.
Correct Answers:
3
6
1
8
5
9
4
2
7

Listening 3: Listening for information

Listen to the second part of the lecture on genetics and complete the notes with a word or
number from the lecture.
Correct Answers:
1. three
2. tube
3. 30%
4. 70%
5. left
6. 10%
7. one hundred
8. cultures

Listening 4: Note-taking
Listen again. Complete the notes with up to two words from the lecture.
Correct Answers:
1. 1940
2. get older
3. identical twins
4. 44
5. 1
6. multiple
7. write
8. 30
9. brain
Lead-in
Complete the sentences about the arts. Then listen and check.
Correct Answers:
1. novelist
2. plot
3. Setting

Correct Answer:
entertaining
Correct Answers
1. Script
2. Passage
3. Work
4. Pieces

Reading 1: Inferring meaning

Read the information.
Correct Answers:
1. Could be inferred
2. Correct
3. Could be inferred

Reading 2: Inferring meaning

Read the whole article. Are the sentences Probably true or Probably false? Infer information
where necessary.
Correct Answers:
1. Probably false
2. Probably false
3. Probably true
4. Probably true
5. Probably true
6. Probably true
7. Probably false
8. Probably true

Listening 1: Identifying points of view

You are going to listen to the introduction of a presentation about the novel Don Quixote. Match
the people with the points of view.
Correct Answers:
1. Kafka
2. Dostoevsky
3. the presenter
4. Harold Bloom

Listening 2: Inferring meaning

Listen to the next part of the presentation. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. the first modern European novel.
2. an old man.
3. part of a story.
4. used stories from the world around him.
5. realises that he is in a story.
6. some of the ideas in the book inspired modern writers.
Language focus: Tentative language in speech
Complete the sentences. Then listen and check.
Correct Answers:
1. would
2. may
3. should
4. would
5. can
6. would

Choose the correct words to complete the review. Then listen and check.
Correct Answers:
1. agreed
2. evident
3. is seemingly
4. In a sense
5. In some respects

Lead-in
Read the sentences and match the words in bold with their meanings.
Correct Answers:
1. proportion
2. ratio
3. volume
4. accuracy
5. trend
6. approximate
7. extensive
8. outliers

Listening 1: Listening for statistical information

Listen to part of a lecture about trends in society. Complete the facts and statistics.
Correct Answers:
1. 88%
2. 27%
3. 43%
4. 23%
5. 18.2%
6. 14.5%
7. 1960s and 1980s / 1960s and the 1980s
8. family homes

Listening 2: Distinguishing between fact and speculation

Listen to the recording about age and health. Decide if the information in the recordings is Fact
or Speculation.
Correct Answer
Fact
Fact
Speculation
speculation
Fact
fact
Speculation
Reading 1: Interpreting data
Read the first part of an article about the processes of ageing. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. genetics and the rate of damage to DNA.
2. by 5% every 10 years from the age of 40.
3. they become less active.
4. our brains don't work as well.
5. know the same number of words as they did in their 60s.
6. but it affects only small numbers.

Read the second part of the article. Then read the statements and choose Yes or No.
Correct Answers:
1. Yes
2. Yes
3. No
4. No
5. Yes
6. No

Listening 3: Listening for information

Listen to part of a student presentation on the changing nature of work in cities. Complete the
sentences with up to three words or numbers from the presentation.
Correct Answers:
1. number of people
2. lifelong learning
3. is over 65
4. 2%
5. level of education / education level
6. technology

Reading 3: Ordering key information

Read the article about promoting health in the population. Put the events in the order that they
happen.
Correct Answers:
4
3
6
1
5
2

Lead-in
Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. app
2. share
3. availability
4. platform
5. connect
6. Rent
Reading 1: Understanding main ideas
Read the article about the sharing economy. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. uncertain.
2. offers your assets to others to use.
3. might be when they are at work and the car is parked.
4. customers paid too much for certain services.
5. the distributor and the middleman needed to be paid.
6. don't require anything but a good platform.

Reading 2: Understanding reference words

Look at the words in bold in the article. Choose the people or things that the words refer to.

How much more can the sharing economy grow?

it is a way of increasing asset utilisation
our house, car or clothes
car sharing, jewellery rental and accommodation swapping
the hours or days when our asset is not in use
middlemen and others responsible for distributing goods and services
the artist and the customer

Listening 1: Listening for detail

Listen to part of a lecture on sharing economy business models. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. platforms
2. potential
3. access
4. availability
5. collaborative
6. values
7. community
8. peer-to-peer

Listening 2: Following a line of argument

Listen to the second part of the lecture. Choose True, False or Not given.
Correct Answers:
1. Not given
2. True
3. True
4. Not given
5. True
6. False
7. False

Reading 3: Understanding main ideas

Read the profile of a leading company in the sharing economy. Choose the sentences that best
express the main ideas in the profile.
Correct Answers:
1. Damage is done to the planet because people drive extra miles looking for a parking space.
2. The founders of Just Park saw an opportunity to make money without building car parks.
3. Access to the platform allows customers to reserve a space in advance of their arrival at their
destination.
4. The company has the potential to expand.
5. This type of business has a promising future because growth brings benefits to all parties.
6. Using the platform saves time and money and also reduces carbon emissions.
7. Accessibility and availability are not the only deciding factors in whether a start-up company is
successful.
Listening 3: Understanding logical connections
Listen to two student presentations about two different companies. Complete the sentences with
the words the students use to join ideas.
Correct Answers:
1. which means
2. namely
3. Unlike
4. also
5. In fact

Correct Answers:
1. by contrast
2. in effect
3. in other words
4. not only
5. also

Lead-in
Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning for the words in bold.
Correct Answers:
1. to have opinions
2. to take a position
3. a change in someone's point of view
4. to express disagreement or opposition
5. to provide a description which is based on facts, not personal belief or opinion
6. an opinion which looks at and evaluates both sides of an issue
7. used to express a personal opinion
8. a particular way of considering an issue

Reading 1: Identifying opinion

Read the information.
Read the article about how people consume media. Do the sentences agree with the views of the
writer? Choose Yes, No or Not given.
Correct Answers:
1. Yes
2. No
3. Not given
4. No
5. Yes
6. Not given

Listening 1: Identifying opinion

Listen to part of a media studies presentation. What does each person think about streaming?
Match the people with the opinions.
Correct Answers:
1. Lisa Perk
2. Cindy Holland
3. the presenter
4. Netflix
5. Sonja Lyubomirski

Reading 2: Identifying stance

Read part of a student's essay about TV viewing. Complete the essay plan.
Correct Answers:
1. For
2. positives
3. my position
 4. Supporting evidence
5. eyesight
6. Supporting evidence
7. consuming more food

Reading 3: Inferring meaning

Read the article about how binge watching has affected how TV is made. Match the sections of
the text with the headings.
Correct Answers:
1. Section E
2. Section C
3. Section B
4. Section A
5. Section D

Listening 2: Identifying opinion

Listen to some students discussing the effects of binge watching. Who agrees with each sentence,
the man, the woman or both?
Correct Answers:
1. Man
2. Woman
3. Woman
4. Both
5. Man
6. Man

Language focus: Commenting on opinions

Choose the correct words and phrases to complete the extract from a media studies seminar.
Then listen and check.
Correct Answers:
1. stance
2. exactly
3. I’m concerned
4. up to
5. I feel
6. about
7. view
8. saying
9. raising
10. mentioned
11. perspective
12. agree

Lead-in
Match the words and phrases with their meanings.
Correct Answers:
1. money laundering
2. identity theft
3. white-collar crime
4. tax evasion
5. forgery
6. false accounting
7. hacking
8. embezzlement
Listening 1: Recognising signposting language
Listen to some parts of a lecture on financial crime. Complete the sentences with up to three
words from the lecture.
Correct Answers:
1. will be divided
2. will focus on
3. go on to
4. Finally
5. will deal with
6. let's continue by
7. mentioned earlier
8. a brief summary
9. now turn to

Listening 2: Listening for key points

Listen to another part of the lecture on financial crime. Put the key points in the order that you
hear them.
Correct Answers:
4
1
6
2
3
7
5

Reading 1: Identifying main points

Read the handout from the lecture on financial crime. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. the expansion of the Web.
2. deceiving people into giving away personal financial details
3. a range of different criminals.
4. do it to suit their own aims
5. often start with small sums.
6. was very well planned.
7. is equal to the GDP of a large country.

Reading 2: Reading for detail

Read a student's essay about a financial fraudster. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. crossing the Atlantic.
2. were not very rich
3. the printed bills were genuine.
4. after people had paid him.
5. could not afford to repair the Eiffel Tower.
6. was ashamed.

Reading 3: Understanding main ideas

Read about a famous fraud. Choose True or False.
Correct Answers:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. False
8. False
Listening 3: Summarising ideas
Listen to three students preparing for a presentation. Complete the summary with words from
the discussion.
Correct Answers:
1. Scotland
2. shares
3. gold
4. government
5. wealth
6. matches
7. banks
8. expensive
9. investors

Lead-in
Listen and choose the correct medical discovery or development.
Correct Answer:
1. vaccination
2. heart surgery
3. medical imaging
4. blood transfusion
5. a global study

Listening 1: Listening for specific information

Listen to the first part of a lecture about a medical study. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. heart disease occurred in men in their forties and fifties who appeared quite fit.
2. those who had heart disease and those who didn't.
3. to test the same men every year until they died.
4. in Italy.
5. a link between cholesterol and heart disease.
6. heart attack rates were lower in Mediterranean countries.

Listening 2: Listening for paraphrase

Listen to the next part of the lecture. Listen for the paraphrases of the words in bold and write
them in the gaps.
Correct Answers:
1. remote areas
2. representative
3. diet
4. levels
5. long-term
6. breakthrough

Reading 1: Understanding paraphrase

Read the final part of the lecture. Find and complete the paraphrases of the phrases.
Correct Answers:
1. comparable risk factors
2. quantifiable data
3. an observably reduced risk
4. a high level of physical activity
5. considerably higher
6. those of advanced age
7. initial findings

Reading 2: Reading for main ideas

Read part of an article about communication in hospitals. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. in an emergency.
2. to prevent mistakes.
3. nobody told the pilot.
4. it lost power in both engines.
5. the pilot wouldn't make an error.
6. was in a senior position.
7. taking too long.
8. explain their ideas well.

Reading 3: Paraphrasing
Read the second part of the article. Choose the five sentences that paraphrase ideas in the
article.
Correct Answers:
1. A number of mistakes being made around the same time increases the risk of a disaster.
2. Chapanis was asked to find out why planes often had accidents as they landed after a mission.
3. Fatigue can lead to mistakes, so a system is needed to reduce the risk of this happening.
4. Professionals in both fields are taught to keep a view of the overall procedure and to
communicate with team members of all levels.
5. Sometimes when there is a problem, people lose their sense of time and spend too much time on
one thing and not enough on another.

Reading 4: Reading for detail

Read the article. Choose True or False.
Correct Answers:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. False

Lead-in
Listen to the recording about marketing campaigns. Choose the correct description.
Correct Answer:
1. public advertising
2. Memorable logos
3. celebrity or sports endorsements

Listening 1: Identifying main points

Listen to part of a presentation about content marketing. Choose the speaker's four main
points.
Correct Answers:
1. Content marketing won't always try to sell you something directly.
2. People have a tendency to share content that makes them laugh.
3. People trust brands that seem to value customers as individuals.
4. Social media can give a product greater exposure.

Listening 2: Identifying opinions

Listen to the end of the presentation and the questions from the audience. Match the speakers
with the opinions.
Correct Answers:
1. The presenter
2. The presenter
3. Questioner 1 (Magda)
4. Questioner 2 (Felipe)
5. Questioner 2 (Felipe)
6. Questioner 3 (Ruby)
Listening 3: Identifying expressions
Choose the purpose of the identifying expressions. Then listen and check.
Correct Answers:
1. Asking for clarification
2. Clarifying and explaining
3. Asking for clarification
4. Asking for futher information
5. Clarifying and explaining
6. Asking for clarification
7. Asking for futher information
8. Asking for futher information

Reading 1: Identifying main points

Read the first part of an article about successful marketing campaigns. Complete the sentences.
Correct Answers:
1. are things that are useful.
2. continue to be bought by people over a long period of time.
3. spend a lot of money on advertising.
4. when they don't adapt.
5. people who originally liked your product stop using it.
6. appealing to different age groups or being more specialised.

Reading 2: Identifying main points and supporting details

Read the next part of the article. Complete the sentences with up to three words from the
article.
Correct Answers:
1. to be approved
2. sense of purpose
3. five-year development
4. significant revenue
5. innovation and quality
6. their media profile

Reading 3: Identifying main points and supporting details

Read the second part of the article again. Choose True or False.
Correct Answers:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
EMPOWER 2ND EDITION B2 - PROGRESS TEST - UNIT 2

I] You will hear eight short recordings. For each one choose the best answer. You will hear each
recording twice.
1. You hear two people talking about a photograph.
What do they agree about?
A) (c.) that it is difficult to get near enough to the bird

2. You overhear a woman leaving a telephone message.

Why is she phoning?
A) (b.) To give good news

3. You hear a man and a woman talking about a holiday.

Which of the man's compliments does the woman accept?
A) (b.) her choice of accommodation

4. In a café, you overhear two people talking about photographs they have taken that
morning.
What impressed the man most about the woman's photographs?
A) (a.) the use of light

5. You overhear two friends talking about a film they have seen.
What do they agree on?
A) (c.) The story was good

6. While you are out walking in the park, you overhear a conversation between a man and
a woman.
What are they talking about?
A) (a.) a painting

7. You overhear a woman talking to a friend on the phone about a day out in the
countryside.
What did the woman compliment her friend on?
A) (a.) the food she prepared

8. You overhear a man and a woman talking in a park.

Why is the man so happy?
A) (b.) because Ellie has learned a lot
II]
1. Many tourists get ________________ when swimming off this beach, so be careful.
a) Into trouble
2. My brother has got ______________ in an international project to save the environment.
a) Involved
3. It was so hot in the city that we were anxious to get_________ on holiday.
a) Away
4. I went on holiday to Brazil and I couldn't _______________ how beautiful it is there.
a) Get over
5. Lions and tigers have to_________ for animals to kill and eat in order to survive.
a) Hunt
6. The giant panda is such a __________ animal that it's important to protect it.
a) Rare
7. Human activity is the biggest danger to the _____________ of most animals
a) Habitat
8. Siberian tigers may be completely_______________ soon and only seen in photographs.
a) Extinct
III]
1.Frank got the f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ that he was lost because he didn't recognise the path.
a) Feeling

2. Jasmine got h_ _ _ o_ Katie's hand and pulled her out of the river.
a) hold of

3. Gary realised he wasn't getting a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ w_ _ _ the animal project, so he gave up.

a) anywhere with

4. We have to be careful how we get r_ _ o_ rubbish because it can harm the environment.
a) rid of

5. It can be dangerous to swim in the sea alone at night – you could put yourself a_ r_ _ _.
a) at risk

6. There are many different s_ _ _ _ _ _ of animal in Africa.

a) species

7. Many animals are e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and so we need to protect them.

a) endangered

8. The elephant is a beautiful c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ but it can sometimes be dangerous.

a) creature

IV]
My wife and I have always loved Portugal. A few years ago, when we (1.)________ in rainy
London, we decided to escape for a while and to walk the 300km between the two biggest cities in
Portugal: Porto and Lisbon. On paper, it looked a long way, but we thought, (2.)___________ we
try, we'll never know. The walk took 19 days. The first week was extremely tiring, but we soon got
over that. The scenery was amazing and we found wonderful places to camp by the sea. Twenty
years earlier, I (3.)____________ in Lisbon and, all throughout our walk,
I(4.)_____________________ to celebrating the end of the journey in my favourite old restaurant.
Imagine how happy I(5.) ____________to find it was still there! I don't know if it's possible, but
we'd love to repeat the experience. (6.)____________we keep fit by walking every weekend, we
won't have a problem. Anyway, we'll keep all our walking equipment (7.)______________we do.
It would be great. (8.)______________we decide, we'll let everyone know!
Correct Answers:
1. were sitting
2. unless
3. had worked
4. had been looking forward
5. was
6. As long as
7. in case
8. As soon as

V]
1. William went to Paris for the first time when he started his new job.
(Never)
Before he started his new job, William ______________ to Paris.
a) Has never been

2. Sally has been interested in the environment since university.

(when)
Sally's interest in the environment started__________ at university.
a) When she was
3. We started to climb the mountain and then, three hours later, we saw the bear.
(Been)
We______________ the mountain for three hours when we saw the bear.
a) Had been climbing

4. It started raining in the middle of the picnic and so we had to get back in the car.
(while)
It started raining ___________________ the picnic and so we had to get back in the car.
a) While we were having

5. If you're very quiet, you won't scare the animals.

(long)
You won't scare the animals as ____________very quiet.
a) long as you are

6. If you stay still, the lions won't pay you any attention.
(Provided)
The lions won't pay you any attention ____________ move.
a) provided you don’t

7. If Sam hasn't finished taking photos of the birds, we can't leave.

(Unless)
We can't leave______________ finished taking photos of the birds.
a) Unless Sam has

8. The weather can change suddenly in the mountains, so always take warm clothes with you.
(Case)
When walking in the mountains, always take warm clothes with you____________suddenly.
a) in case the weather changes
 UNIT 3
DIGITAL WORKBOOK
LESSON A
1. Oliver is four, but he can do university-level maths. He's exceptional at maths.
2. I've never seen anyone who plays football better than Oscar. He's only eight, but he pl
ays better than most teenagers! He's really outstanding at football.
3. Carrie volunteers at a local school and is doing a degree in education. She still makes
a lot of mistakes in the classroom, but she's learning, and she really cares about her st
udents. She has the potential to become a very good teacher one day.
4. When it comes to music, Amy is very skilled. She has a special skill for learning new
instruments quickly. She plays several of them.
5. Grace is very successful in business. She had her first success in business when she
started her own company at age 20.
6. Maya was a good student at university, but her sister Lori was exceptional. Lori
graduated from university when she was 19!
7. Rosy can cook anything, fix cars and play almost any sport. She's very talented. She'll
be able to do just about anything she wants when she grows up!
8. Bilingual at language learning. He speaks eight languages! I wish I had the skill to
learn just like that
9. Muriel is very skilled at technology. She can do almost anything with computers, so
she's had a lot of success in her career as an IT worker.
10. My brother hasn't started university yet, but he has the potential to be an excellent
student. He's very clever, and he's always been successful at everything he does, so
we're sure he'll do very well.

PART 2
1. Lucas and David are very talented. They're ABLE to do a lot of things.
2. Michael is AN EXTRAORDINARY artist – he can draw anything perfectly. He could
become a professional artist one day.
3. Maria is a very TALENTED athlete. She plays football, volleyball and tennis, and she
does gymnastics and athletics. She has a lot of Talent for sports!
4. Anyone can join our French language group, regardless of their ability or language
level.
5. Ron has a talent for making friends. He knows everyone, and they all love him! It's
probably because he's so talented at telling jokes and making people laugh.
6. A: Did you hear Ana is going to be on TV? I always knew she had the potential to
become famous. I am not surprised. She has a real talent for music. She is
extraordinary at playing the violin, and she's also very skilled at singing.
7. Laura has the ability to fix just about anything. It's really amazing!
8. Helen called to say she isn't able to come to the party tonight. She's really sorry, and
she says to tell everyone hi for her.
9. Rafael is a very talented painter. His paintings are in museums all over the world!
He's extraordinary at painting.
10. Marcia has a natural talent for making friends. She can get on with anyone, even if
most people find them difficult. It's a very impressive ability.
11. Willow and Michelle stayed at my house last night. I woke up first, and then I woke
them up.
12. Diana is upset. She needs to calm down, but I don't know how to calm her down.
13. 1. Matt made up the story. 2. Matt made it up. 3. Matt made the story up
14. Hannah let Ivan down. Hannah let down Ivan. Hannah let him down.
15. I like sci-fi, but Curtis really loves it. He even thinks aliens are real. I’m into sci-fi,
but Curtis lives for it. He even believes in aliens.
16. Complete the second paragraph with multi-word verbs that mean the same as the
words in bold in the first paragraph.
CJ and Max are trying to think of a way to help Amelia. She really liked playing the
guitar, and she entered a song-writing competition. She was sure she was going to win
– it was all she talked about. She talked about it a lot for months! But she didn't win,
and now she's given up playing music.
CJ and Max are trying to figure out a way to help Amelia. She was really into playing
the guitar, and she entered a song-writing competition. She was sure she was going to
win – it was all she talked about it for months! But she didn't win, and now she's
given up playing music.
17. You should usually keep your seat belt on during a flight. Don't take it off after the
plane takes off unless you have to go to the toilet. You might get a funny feeling in
your ears. To make it go away, drink water or eat something.
18. After Jim and Ana broke up Ana was really upset. She collected everything Jim had
given her and threw it away. When he heard that she had thrown his gifts away, he sat
down and wrote her a letter, apologising for how he'd acted. Now they're back
together.
19. Sometimes Maya thinks her older brother looks down on her because he's always
offering her advice, but he doesn't – he's just trying to look after her. However, Maya
definitely looks up to him, so she usually takes his advice.
20. A: I'm so tired!
B: You should exercise in the morning. I run five miles every morning. And it might
be a good idea to drink some coffee.
A: Exercising, huh? I'll try it out. And I'll pick up some coffee after work.
B: I'm going to the shops right now because I ran out of coffee. I'll pick some up for
you.

PART 3

1. I accidentally threw away Ana’s toy (throw / Ana's toy)!

2. Danny, please don't stand on the chair! You're supposed to sit down (sit) on it. I'm
going to run out of (run) patience if you don't stop it.
3. Please remove your shoes. We remove them before going into the house because
we don't want to get dirt on the floor.
Please take off your shoes (your shoes / off). We take them off (them / off) before
going into the house because we don't want to get dirt on the floor.
4. Greg's mum really disappointed him when she refused to take him to the comic-
book shop. Comics are the most important thing to him!
Greg's mum really let him down (him / down) when she refused to take him to the
comic-book shop. He lives for (for) comics!
5. Frank really gets on my nerves. I wish he'd leave. He thinks he's better than me.
Also, he isn't interested in the things I'm interested in.
Frank really gets on my nerves. I wish he'd go away (away). He thinks he's better
than me. Also, he isn’t into (into) the things I'm interested in.
6. After Stephen and Alicia ended their relationship, Stephen was pretty upset. To
feel better, he decided to try yoga. He's glad he tried it – he is much more relaxed
now!
After Stephen and Alicia broke up (up), Stephen was pretty upset. To feel better,
he decided to try out yoga (yoga / out). He's glad he tried it out (out) – he is much
more relaxed now!
7. Stop sleeping! We were awake too late last night, and the alarm didn't go off! Our
plane is leaving in an hour!
Wake up (wake)! We stayed up (up) too late last night, and the alarm didn't go
off! Our plane is taking off (off) in an hour!
8. Michael should look into getting glasses. He can't see where he's going, so he trips
and falls over a lot. I worry about him a lot. He's my little brother, so I look after
him.
9. Kat made fun of Nelly for thinking aliens were real, and Nelly stopped being
friends with her. If we want them to be friends again, we need to think of a way to
get them to talk to each other.
Kat made fun of Nelly for believing in aliens, and Nelly fell out with her. If we
want them to be friends again, we need to come up with a way to get them to talk
to each other.
10. I didn't do my homework! I couldn't concentrate on it, and now I have to think of
a way to do it quickly. If I don't think of something soon, I'll have to invent an
excuse.
I didn't do my homework! I couldn't focus on it, and now I have to figure out a
way to do it quickly. If I don't figure something out / figure out something soon,
I'll have to make up an excuse / make an excuse up.

LESSON B

PART 1

1. Even when things are very difficult, I've never seen Taylor GIVE UP on a
project – not at work, at school or in his personal life!
2. Tanya didn't fancy the idea of learning to ski, but she decided to HAVE A GO,
and she's glad she did – she's just been on her first skiing holiday and she had
a wonderful time!
3. I hurt my foot and couldn't run any more, so I had to DROP OUT of the race.
4. Getting up early to exercise was hard at first. I really wanted to quit, but
instead of stopping, I decided to KEEP IT UP. Now I'm very fit!
5. Kevin wasn't very good at football at first, but he made an effort to improve,
and now he's great at it.
6. I wasn't sure if I could win the competition, but I decided to hAVE A GO, so I
entered. And I won!
7. Ivan found the challenge very difficult. He wanted to dROP OUT, but his best
friend told him not to, so he completed it.
8. At first, Bruno thought learning English was too hard, and he wanted to gIVE
UP. But he kept taking classes, and now he's fluent.
9. Gina is very shy, but if you mAKE AN EFFORT to talk to her, you'll find that
she's very funny and a great friend.
10. Saving money can be difficult, but if you kEEP IT UP, you'll be able to save
enough for a new car.
PART 2

1. Sebastian was terrible at playing the guitar when he first started, but he KEEP IT UP,
and now he plays guitar in a rock band.
2. I don't know how she did it, but Chloe MANAGED TO save £800 last year. She's
going to use it to buy a new phone.
3. Tomoko had gone to the gym near her office for years, but when her membership
ended, she decided to try out the new gym near her house.
4. Dimitri was supposed to go on holiday with his sister, but it didn't work out because
she got ill and couldn't go.
5. The mountain is very high, but I think they can mANAGE TO climb it.
6. Kirsty is very reliable. She always kEEPS TO her promises.
7. Hannah wants to tRY OUT a new recipe she found for the dinner party. It looks
delicious!
8. I was hoping to study in China last summer, but it didn't wORK OUT – I didn't get
my visa in time, so I studied at the local university instead.

PART3
Put words in correct order
1. WHEN IS THE FOOTBALL MATCH?
2. Is Laura in your class?
3. Do you think English is difficult?
4. Who are you speaking to?
5. A: When is your birthday?
B: June 16th.
A: Are you going to celebrate?
B: Yes, I'm going to have a party.
6. A: Who invited you to the party?
B: Mariela did. But I can't go – I'm going on holiday.
A: Who with?
B: My best friend. We're going to Mexico.
7. A: Where are you from?
B: I'm from California.
8. A: Why isn't Jon in class?
B: I don't know. Maybe he's ill.
A: Did he come to school yesterday?
B: Yes, he did.
9. A: Do you know when the class starts?
B: I think it was supposed to start ten minutes ago. I wonder where the teacher is.
A: He's so late. I'm not sure if he's coming at all!
10. A: Excuse me, do you know of any good cafés around here?
B: Yes. Happy Cup Coffee and Sandwich King are both very good.
A: Great. Which one is better?
B: I prefer Sandwich King.
A: What time do they open?
B: They open at 9:00 am.
A: How do I get there?
B: Walk down High Street and turn right. It's on your left.
 PART 4

1. A: Who’s (be) that woman over there?

B: That's my sister. She's ten years older than me.
2. A: Why isn’t he (he / not be) here yet?
B: I think he missed the bus.
3. A: Can I take (I / take) your picture?
B: Yes, you can.
4. A: Where did you grow up (grow up)?
B: I grew up in Mexico.
5. Rewrite the direct question as an indirect question.
When will they be here?
I wonder when they will be here.
6. Is this the railway station?
I don't know if this is the railway station.
7. Why did he move?
Do you know why he moved?
8. A: I've got to go away for a few days.
B: What for?
A: I'm visiting some old friends.
Do you want (you / want) to come with me?
9. A: I love this vase!
Where is it (it / be) from?
B: It's from Brazil. I bought it when I was on holiday there.
A: Where did you go (you / go) while you were there?
B: I went to Brasilia and Rio de Janeiro.
10. A: What types of cake do you sell (you / sell)?
B: We have chocolate and vanilla. Which one would you like?
A: I'll take chocolate, please. And can you tell me where the bank is (the bank /
be)?
B: It's just across the road.

Lesson C: PART 1

1. Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.

-training for a job
2. Do people need a lot of experience to work at the gym?
-NO
3. What will Ryan do at the reception desk?
- 1 make sure people belong to the gym
2 use a computer
3 help people sign up
4.What does Ryan have to do to check people in on the computer?
1 find the person's phone number
2 check that they have the right name
3 hit 'search'
5. To join the gym, you must WRITE DOWN your personal information. The gym costs less
for the first month than it does for the second month.
6. Members are expected to pick up their towels and clean the exercise machines AFTER
they use them.
7. Sonja isn't optimistic that the members will clean up after themselves. She thinks Ryan will
be successful at his new job.

PART 2
Read and listen to the conversation.

PART 3
1. When you wash dishes, the MOST IMPORTANT thing is, use washing-up liquid.
2. Another thing to remember is, you must get all the soap off after you wash a dish.
Have you got that ?
3. A: Just a reminder: When you're working with customers, the most important thing is,
don't be rude. Is that clear?
B: Yes. I don't want to upset the customers.
A: That's right. And always remember to thank people before they leave. Do you get
the idea?
B: Yes.
4. A: Always remember to update your computer regularly. If you don't, it might not
work. Do you understand what I mean?
B: Got it. Thanks. I really must go now.
A: OK. I'll see you tomorrow.
B: Talk to you later
5. Choose the phrases for cutting a conversation short.
1 I must run.
2 I've got no time to talk now.
3 Nice talking to you.
4 Can't talk just now.
6. Choose the correct number to order the sentences.
2As well as watching for other cars, always remember to wear a seat belt.
4So, have you got that? Those are the three crucial things.
5Must run now. Be safe!
3Finally, another thing to remember is, don't lose the keys!
1The most important thing about driving a car is, watch for other cars.
7. When you're boiling an egg, the most important thing is, make sure the cooker is on.
Is that clear?
8. Always remember to put the egg in with a spoon, so you don't burn your hand. Have
you got that?
9. Another thing to remember is, the egg can be too liquid if you don't cook it long
enough. Do you understand what I mean? But also, don't cook it too long. About 7–10
minutes is good. Do you get the idea?
10. A: Hey, Jim, have you got a second?
B: No, I'm sorry.
Can’t talk just now. I really must go.
A: I just wanted to know…
B: I'm late! I've got no time to talk now. I must run!
A: Oh, OK. Must run, too, anyway. Nice talking to you.
B: Yep. Talk to you later.
A: OK. I'll see you tomorrow.
PART 4
"The most important thing is to give the guests menus. Remember to always be polite. Another thing to
remember is to bring food and drinks quickly. Is that clear?"

LESSON D
PART 1 READ ARTICLE AND ANSWER (COMPREHENSION TYPE)

1. What is the article mainly about?

David's experiences staying with his uncle
2. 1 David had to travel to work at the technology company.
3. Uncle Dan's ideas about technology were different from what David expected.
4. Uncle Dan's family RARELY use their phones at home. The children can use technology a few hours a
week.
5. Workers at Uncle Dan's company can't use personal devices at their desks. Uncle Dan is motivated to
limit his technology use because he thinks it can be harmful.
6. What benefits did David find to life without technology?
He became closer to his family.
His letters made his mum feel special.
7. 1 David's experience changed his ideas about technology.
2 David is going to stick with limiting his technology use.
8. David's experiences cause him to change his relationship with technology.

PART 2

1. Choose the correct words for the category.

unexpected
1.surprisingly
2. AMAZINGLY
2. Have you ever wondered what would happen if you dropped your phone in water? I found out last summer
when I dropped my phone in the pool! Naturally, I was upset, but my phone was fine! The first thing I did when
I got it out of the pool was check that my apps still worked. Then, I put it in a container of rice to get the water
out.
3. After the phone had been in the rice for a few days, I took it out. I turned it off and on several times. As the
phone had been in the pool for some time, I thought it would inevitably be broken, but it worked! By this stage,
I was pretty sure it was going to be OK.
4. All in all, I'm very happy and surprised by how strong my phone is. I can't believe it fell in water and is still
working! Afterwards, I wrote a good review for the phone on the company's website. Predictably, I gave it five
stars. Undoubtedly, I'm impressed with my phone, and not surprisingly, I will buy my next phone from the same
company!
5. Read the sentences from an article. Choose the correct sentences to put the article in order.
Correct answers:
1 Sentence C
2 Sentence A
3 Sentence E
4 Sentence B
5 Sentence D
6. Have you ever wondered what it's like to live on a private island? I'm a reporter, and I stayed on an island by
myself for an assignment. Predictably, it was amazing and relaxing, but surprisingly, it was more difficult than I
thought.
7. The first thing I realised was that it was difficult to get food on the island – the boats that brought
groceries from the mainland would inevitably be delayed due to staff shortages or bad weather.
8. Not surprisingly, I also got lonely. After four days, I was really looking forward to the boat workers
coming and bringing groceries. Amazingly, I still had some food left, but I wanted someone to talk to!
9. Once the workers came, I couldn't stop talking. They were polite, but they undoubtedly thought it was
weird that I talked so much. Afterwards, I was embarrassed about my behaviour. Then, I explained to them
that I had just been too lonely. However, they already knew why I was talking so much – they have dealt
with this a lot!
10. By this stage, I only had two more days on the island, so I tried to enjoy them. And I did!
All in all, I would definitely stay on an island alone again, but maybe for just a day or two. It's great to
take some time to be alone sometimes. Naturally, though, you miss being with other people after a
while.

PART 4

1. Write a short article about an unexpected experience you had. What happened? What was your
opinion of it?

Here are some ideas:

Begin the article with a direct question to get the reader's attention.
Use a sequence of events, or compare and contrast ideas.
Use comment adverbs.
Use linking words.
Summarise your experience or ideas and evaluate them.
Useful language:
amazingly
naturally
inevitably
(not) surprisingly
predictably
undoubtedly
The first thing…
After…
Afterwards…
By this stage…
Then…
All in all,…

ANSWER
A Surprising Discovery: The Magic of an Unexpected Book
Have you ever found something unexpectedly amazing? Well, I had an experience like that,
and it was truly astonishing! The first thing I did one sunny day was go for a walk in the park.
Everything felt natural and ordinary until I stumbled upon something quite unusual – a book
left alone on a bench. It seemed predictably forgotten, yet strangely intriguing.
Naturally, I felt curious and picked it up. Its title, "The Alchemy of Serendipity," caught my
eye. Despite not knowing what to expect, I opened it and began reading. Amazingly, the
words inside captivated me from the very start. Each page held unexpected wisdom and
stories that drew me in deeper. It was like embarking on an adventure through the mind.
By this stage, I was completely absorbed in the book, unaware of the passing time. After
what felt like mere moments, I looked up to find the sky painted with hues of sunset, a
breathtakingly sight that I hadn't noticed before. Then, as I reached the end of the book, I
couldn't help but feel surprised by the experience. I hadn't anticipated finding something so
special during a simple stroll in the park. Undoubtedly, this unexpected encounter left a
lasting impression on me. All in all, it reminded me of the beauty of life's surprises and the
magic that can be found in the most unexpected places.

EXTENSION

Unit 3: TALENT

PART 1

1. Read an article about one of the greatest runners of all time. Are the statements True
or False?
Johnson's running style was considered strange. TRUE
Johnson had the potential to win more than he did. TRUE
Johnson loved the attention he got from his success. FALSE
Johnson had a different style to Usain Bolt. TRUE
2. The fact that Michael Johnson's friends laughed at his running style made him want to
run even faster. DOESN’T SAY
It was considered surprising that Johnson was able to win both the 200 and 400
metres. TRUE
Johnson was the first person to win the 400 metres at one Olympic Games and then
win it again in the following Olympic Games. TRUE
Johnson was injured during the 1988 Olympic Games. FALSE
Johnson didn't race in the 200 metres final at the Barcelona Olympics. TRUE
Johnson often refused to speak to journalists when he was very famous. DOESN’T
SAY
Johnson now says that he might have been more successful if he'd been as relaxed as
Usain Bolt. FALSE
Usain Bolt tried to beat Johnson's 400 metres world record.
DOESN’T SAY
PART 2
Write a paragraph about someone who has achieved a lot.

You can include:

 some basic information about the person

 what they achieved and how they achieved it
 what you think of the person
 what other people think of them.
Answer:

Meet Sarah, a remarkable individual whose dedication and hard work have led her to achieve
remarkable success. Starting from humble beginnings, Sarah pursued her passion relentlessly,
overcoming numerous obstacles along the way. Through her perseverance and unwavering
commitment, she rose to the top of her field, becoming a respected leader and innovator.
From groundbreaking research to transformative business ventures, Sarah's achievements
speak volumes about her determination and resilience. Personally, I hold Sarah in high regard,
admiring her ability to turn dreams into reality through sheer determination and grit. It's no
surprise that others view her with admiration and respect, recognizing her as a trailblazer and
role model in her industry. Sarah's story serves as an inspiring reminder that with hard work
and perseverance, anything is possible.

PART 3

3. Listen to a conversation between two friends about their school days. Match the names with
the descriptions.
argued with Mark - sARAH
believed in Mark – MR EDWARDS
good at maths - MARTINA
good at sports – JULIA

4. Martina is likely to have a successful career now.

BOTH
Julia was very arrogant.
Tina
Mr Edwards was a very good teacher.
Mark
Sarah didn't have a good relationship with anybody at the school.
MARK
Learning French at school wasn't very enjoyable.
MARK
The school trips were not always educational.
BOTH

PART 4

Record yourself talking about a school or university subject you are/were good at. Answer
the questions.

 What are/were you good at? Why do you think you are/were good at this subject?
 Do you think you are/were naturally good at this subject or do/did you have to study
hard to get the results you wanted?
 Are/Were there any subjects that you aren’t/weren't so good at? Which ones?

ANSWER

One subject I've always excelled in is mathematics. From a young age, I found myself drawn
to the logic and structure inherent in numbers and equations. I believe I'm good at this subject
because I have a natural affinity for problem-solving and analytical thinking, both of which are
crucial in mathematics. Additionally, I enjoy the challenge that math presents and find
satisfaction in complex problems. While I do believe I have a natural inclination towards
mathematics, I also recognize the importance of consistent effort and practice. Despite
understanding concepts relatively quickly, I still dedicated significant time to honing my skills
through practice problems and additional study. I firmly believe that a combination of innate
ability and hard work contributed to my success in this subject. However, there have been
subjects where I haven't performed as well. For instance, I struggled with subjects that required
extensive memorization or creative expression, such as history or art. While I appreciated the
significance of these subjects, they didn't resonate with me in the same way that mathematics
did. Nonetheless, I made efforts to improve in these areas by seeking additional support and
adopting different study techniques.

ACADEMIC SKILLS

Complete the sentences.

1.

She has the same HAIR COLOUR as her mother, light blonde.

There are two kinds of TWINS, identical and fraternal.

TRAITS are genetic characteristics such as eye colour or hair type.

I would say that in terms of APPEARANCE, he is more like his father than his mother.

Unfortunately, he is COLOR BLIND, so he has problems with red and green lights.

HANDEDNESS describes our preference for using one of our hands to write or carry.

She definitely TAKES AFTER her grandmother. She has the same eyes and nose.

Fortunately, I didn't INHERIT my father's ears!

2. Read the first part of an introduction to a lecture on genetics. Choose True or False.
Children inherit 23 chromosomes from each parent.
True
Humans don't have the same number of chromosomes as other animals.
True
Children inherit 100% of their genetic material from their mother.
False
Children inherit the recessive gene if there is a choice between recessive and
dominant.
False
Recessive genes only have an impact if paired with other recessive genes.
True
Males and females have different numbers of X chromosomes.
True
Girls are less likely to be colour-blind than boys.
True
3. Read the second part of the introduction to the lecture on genetics. Complete the
sentences.
 A gene contains an allele contributed by each parent.
A child can inherit the colour of their eyes from their grandparents.
AB blood is the result of inheriting two genes, neither of which is dominant
Traits which are controlled by a number of genes are referred to as polygenic
Some traits are developed through practice and learning
A person's hairline is an example of a trait determined by a single gene.

4. Listen to the first part of the lecture on genetics. Choose the correct answers. Open

Which feature is an example of a continuous trait?

an attached earlobe
earlobes
an unattached earlobe

What does the speaker say about earlobe shape?

It is always the same.
It is controlled by a single gene.
It is inherited.

Dimples usually first appear

in adults.
in both children and adults.
in children.

Which feature is an example of an irregular dominant trait?

dimples
earlobes
freckles

What are freckles made of?

alleles
MC1R
melanin

What can cause an increase in the number of freckles?

inheritance patterns
MC1R
the environment

5. Listen again. Put the extracts from the lecture in the order that you hear them.
3… if you look around the lecture hall, you will see lots of examples. Everyone has
either an attached or unattached earlobe, or something halfway between.

6 Let's take a look at dimples first.

1 Thanks for coming, and as I said in the written introduction, today's talk will be
about a range of observable human characteristics and some background on their
pattern of inheritance.

8Turning to freckles, up here on the slide ...

 5This next slide shows two more facial features: the dimple and freckles.

9 So just in those three examples, we have three different inheritance patterns. Let's
move on and look at some other traits.

4 If earlobes connect directly to the sides of the head, they are attached.

2.Let's begin with this one – the earlobe!

7.I must say that genetics is not always an exact science – the more studies we do, the
more doubt we have about the patterns of inheritance.

6. Listen to the second part of the lecture on genetics and complete the notes with a word
or number from the lecture.
• The speaker goes on to talk about THREE more traits.
• Humans roll their tongue by curling it up into the shape of a TUBE.
• A study showed that 30% of Europeans could not roll their tongue.
• Only 70% of pairs of identical twins could both roll their tongues, suggesting it is
not totally genetic.
• When hand-clasping, the majority of people put their LEFT thumb on top.
• About 10% of people in the West are left-handed.
• Studies show that up to ONE HUNDRED genes control handedness.
• Environment also has an influence, as a number of CULTURES are opposed to left-
handedness.

7. Listen again. Complete the notes with up to two words from the lecture.

Tongue-rolling
• study in 1940 by Alfred Sturtevant
• can be learned as you get older
70% of pairs of identical twins can do it

Hand-clasping
• 44% – right thumb on top
• 1% – no preference
• affected by MULTIPLE genes

Handedness
• refers to which hand you hold, catch or write with
• probably controlled by between 30 and 100 genes
• many of those genes associated with brain
Development
 UNIT 4: Life Lessons
DIGITAL WORKBOOK
LESSON A
PART I
1. Having close friends has an effect on people's happiness.
2. As a result of close friendships, people are better equipped to deal with
difficult times in their lives. Next page footer button active.
3. Having close friends can result in being healthier, because it reduces
stress.
4. Overall, good friends have a positive effect on people's lives.
5. Being grateful for what you have has an effect on your happiness – the
more grateful people are, the happier they are!
6. Studies have shown that writing down three things you are thankful for
every day results in greater happiness – even in difficult situations.
7. As a result of focusing on the good things they have, people are happier
and more relaxed.
8. The amount you exercise doesn't just have an effect on how you look.
9. Exercise can also result in people feeling more relaxed.
10.This relaxed feeling occurs as a result of the chemicals the brain releases
during exercise.
PART II
1. Having a pet can affect people's moods, making them happier and more
relaxed.
2. Scientists have discovered that touching a pet's fur causes people to feel
relaxed.
3. Looking after a pet can also lead to improving the ability of older people
to remember things.
4. Not getting enough sleep can affect your mood.
5. Everyone knows that not sleeping enough can lead to feelings of
tiredness.
6. Not sleeping enough can cause depression and other illnesses. So be sure
to get enough sleep.
7. Social media has definitely affected how we communicate.
8. Social media has led to ordinary people being able to share their ideas
with a larger audience.
 9. Using social media isn't all positive; using it too much can cause
depression.

PART III
1. When Simon was young, he used to live in the country.
2. He didn't use to have any neighbours – the nearest house was 10
kilometres away!
3. Leanne would visit her grandma every summer, but she only visited
her aunt twice.
4. Choose correct sentence
When Fran was young, she used to dream about becoming an artist.
When Fran was young, she would dream about becoming an artist.
Fran took a painting class once.
5. Choose correct sentence
Tara studies more than she used to.
Tara wouldn't study for tests at all.
Tara didn't use to get good marks, but now she does.
6. Ron no longer works here. Now he works at a gym – he's much
happier.
7. Ron doesn’t work here anymore.
8. Diane no longer visits me because she moved.
9. Now I eat in restaurants more than I used to.
10.I don’t go to Dell's Diner any more.
PART IV
1. Beatrice used to think that broccoli was disgusting, but now she likes
it.
2. When we were little, my brother and I used to play for hours.
3. My best friend used to spend hours at my house when we were at
school. Sometimes she wouldn't go home for days!
4. Sylvia didn't use to eat healthy food, but now she eats a healthier diet
than she used to.
5. Melina used to watch a lot of films when she was little, but she only
saw films at the cinema a few times because it was so expensive.
6. When I was young, I 'd visit my grandparents every summer. I used
to get so excited about seeing them. I wouldn't stay with other family
members much, though. I stayed with my aunt a couple of times, but
I think that's it.
 7. When Hector was young, he didn't use to have many friends. He used
to be rather quiet and shy, but he isn't any more – he's the most
sociable person I know!
8. Ellen and Michaela don’t live in this neighbourhood any more. They
used to live across the road, but they moved last year.
9. Rebecca used to do yoga, but now she doesn't do yoga any more.
10. Jane and Ingrid used to be friends, but they are no longer friends.
They also used to live together, but they no longer live together.

LESSON B
PART I
1. Teaching young children requires a lot of patience. It can be very testing.
2. Thea really loves being a dog walker, but she's usually very tired at the
end of the day. Running after the dogs can be exhausting.
3. To be a firefighter, you have to go through a rigorous training course –
there are a lot of stages, and you must learn to do a lot of different things.
Being a firefighter is a demanding job, so it makes sense that the training
would be so difficult.
4. Terrence can't have any cake because he's on a strict diet – he can't eat
anything but rice and vegetables! He says it's been a struggle to keep it
up.
5. My sister says being a parent can be ardous.I looked after her children
today, and it took so much effort and energy to keep them entertained and
out of trouble! She's right – kids can be so testing.
6. Working in a team can be a testing experience, especially if some people
on the team aren't helpful.
7. Lisa's new job is exhausting. She works from 4 am until 9 pm, and she's
got to stand the whole time!
8. Carly is a nurse, and her job is very demanding she works long hours, and
sometimes her job is physically and emotionally difficult. She loves it,
but some days are a struggle.
9. My new fitness routine is really gruelling. I've got to lift heavy weights
and run 10 kilometres a day. The exercise schedule is very strict. I can't
miss a day.
10. Tania has a very rigorous workout routine because she's taking part in a
race next month where she'll run, swim and cycle. It's really ardous, so
she needs to be very fit.
PART II
1. Being a builder is a backbreaking job. You've got to work long hours and
lift heavy things all day, even during really hot weather.
2. This new app is difficult to use. I tried to order lunch with it, but couldn't
figure out how to do it. It wasn't very straightforward . It shouldn't be so
tricky to do something so simple!
3. It was very uncomfortable and a bit awkward when David found out that
he'd done all the difficult, gruelling jobs, while Veronica had done all the
easy tasks.
4. Managing people has always challenged Theo – he's pretty shy, so it's
hard for him to ask people to do things. However, being a manager is
going to be especially difficult now that the company is having money
problems. This role is really going to stretch his skills.
5. The path we walked the first day was tough it was 10 kilometres long,
but thankfully it was mostly flat, and we were back in about four hours.
However, the one we did the second day was punishing. It was 15
kilometres long and we had to hike up a steep mountain. And it took us
almost nine hours!
6. A: Um, the furniture doesn't look right. Did you read the instructions
before building it?
B: Yes! I read them several times, but I couldn't understand them. They're
not very straightforward.
7. A: I wish this building had a lift! Moving this sofa up five floors is
backbreaking work!
B: Yes, this is a gruelling task. I don't know how much longer I can do it.
We may need to get someone to help us!
8. A: Oh, no! Craig has a huge hole in his shirt and doesn't know it. What
should we do?
B: Hmm, that's tricky. I think we should tell him. I'd want to know if it
were me.
A: But telling him is going to be awkward ! I'm getting embarrassed just
thinking about it.
9. A: I knew that training to be a rescue worker would be tough but I didn't
think it would be this difficult!
B: Yes, well, the training is supposed to challenge us, because the actual
job is incredibly difficult!
10.A: We've had too much work since Jo and Diana left. Writing seven
reports is really stretching us!
 B: Yes, the amount of work here has been absolutely punishing recently.
It's impossible to keep up. I think I'm going to look for a new job!

PART III
1. Choose the sentences that mean the same as the rule below
Rule: Wash your hands.
o You must wash your hands.
o You have to wash your hands.
o You need to wash your hands.

2. Choose the sentences that show obligation

o You are supposed to turn off your phone.
o I was forced to turn off my phone.
o You ought to turn off your phone.

3. Choose the sentences that show permission.

o You can use your phone here.
o You're allowed to use your phone here.

4. Complete the sentence.

I'm sorry, could you please get rid of that sandwich? You 're not
supposed to eat here.

5. Complete the sentences

You can just come in. You don't need to have an invitation.

6. Complete the sentences

Excuse me, could you please turn off your phone? You can’t
use it in the cinema. If you need to make a call, you can go outside.

7. Complete the paragraph.

The rules at the art museum are really strict! The last time I went, I
accidentally left my coat inside. They wouldn't let me go back in and get
my coat! After I talked to a manager, I was forced to buy another ticket
just to re-enter and get my coat! I'm never going back there.

8. Complete the paragraph.

The rules at Imran's job are pretty relaxed. Employees can take as many
holidays as they want, they don't have to come to work at the office, and
they are allowed to leave whenever they want! They're supposed to tell
 their boss if they aren't coming to work, but many people don't, and they
don't get into trouble.

9. Complete the paragraph

When I was little, there used to be a bakery on the corner. The owner
would always let me choose a free cake. My mum always made me say
'thank you'. I usually had to wait until I got home to eat it, but sometimes
I was allowed to eat it there.

10. Complete the paragraph

Douglas's fitness challenge is very rigorous. He can't eat
anything but fruit and vegetables – if he eats anything else, he has to
drop out of the challenge. He's supposed to work out every day, but it's
OK if he misses one day a week. And he needs to get up at 5 am every
day if he wants to keep it up!

PART IV
1. Complete the sentences with obligation and permission expressions.

If you want to get a job as a doctor, you must go to medical school. If you
don't, you can’t work as a doctor.

2. Complete the sentences with obligation and permission expressions.

Talia brought her passport to the airport, but she didn't have to
bring it. She was allowed to get on the plane with just her driving
licence.

3. Complete the sentences with obligation and permission expressions.

You know, you should call Luisa and apologise. She was very upset that
you were supposed to help her with her homework, but you didn't.

4. Complete the sentences with obligation and permission expressions.

Don is in big trouble! He was supposed to

be at school today, but he went into town with his friends instead. His
mum was very angry. Now he 's not allowed to see his friends for a
month!
5. Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions
so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the verbs in brackets.

I lost my phone, so Henry said I could use his.

I lost my phone, so Henry let me use his.

6. Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions

so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the verbs in brackets.

My boss said I had to stay late, or I'd be fired.

I was forced to stay late.

7. Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions

so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the verb in brackets.

Wear a seat belt when you travel in a car.

You must wear a seat belt when you travel in a car.

8. Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions

so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the verb in brackets.

Park your car in the red car park if you want to, but the blue car park is
closer to your office.

You can park in the red car park if you want to, but the blue car park is
closer to your office.

9. Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions

so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the words in brackets and
the correct pronoun, if required.

My mother said I can have a biscuit, but I can't have any cake.

I 'm allowed to have a biscuit, but my mother won't let me have any cake.

10.Complete the second sentence with obligation and permission expressions

so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the words in brackets and
the correct pronoun, if required.

Yesterday John's dad said he had to work at the family shop, so John
missed his best friend's party.
 Yesterday John's dad made him work at the family shop, so he couldn't go
to his best friend's party.

LESSON C
PART I
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.
1. What is the main point of the meeting?
to discuss which social media posts were successful

2. The social media posts got 35 people to do volunteer work. The

team got £400 in donations.

3. Listen to the conversation and choose the true sentences.

o Photos of people enjoying themselves did well.
o Photos that focused on animals on dirty beaches led to more
donations.
o Francesca, Riley and Pete are probably passionate about the
environment.

4. Which statements describe the photo that got the most people to do
volunteer work?
o It showed people having fun.
o It showed people playing a sport.
o You could clearly see the rubbish that the people had picked
up.
5. Which statements are true of the least successful photos?
o They were taken from a different angle.
o They're similar to the best photo.
o People thought they were confusing.
6. Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
Riley isn’t helping Pete this weekend.
Pete is anxious about this weekend.
He thinks it will be challenging.
Pete's work is improving.

7. Listen to the conversation and choose the true sentences.

Francesca is happy with this week's pictures.
They need people's permission to use the pictures
PART II Read and listen to the conversation.
PART III
Complete the conversation.
1. A: Doesn't this picture of our restaurant look great? We
should use it for the website.
B: I'm not sure about that. It's a bit out of focus. I can't really
see anything that well.

2. A: Our last holiday was really disappointing.

B: Maybe you're right, but we both had fun at that club.
Look, I got a close-up of Marian dancing. Her hair looks like
it's standing up on end!

3. A: This closer shot of the model's eye doesn't look good. The
camera was so near her eye that I don't even know what I'm
looking at. And no one at the meeting seemed to like it.
B: Really, do you think so . I thought that Philip liked it, and
he's the boss!

4. A: Our boss really didn't seem to like our photos.

B: Oh, I don't know. I think he really liked the more distant
shot of the long, empty beach. He said it felt really peaceful,
and he loved the fact that you could see the mountains far
away in the background.

5. A: This photo looks too bright. And I don't like how the tree
is making it difficult to see the model. We put her right in
front on purpose, so that everyone could see her! There's no
point in putting her in the foreground if no one can see her!
B: I know what you mean, but on the other hand, the scenery
is gorgeous. I think we just need to shoot it again from a
different angle. I think a more distant shot taken from further
away will work much better.

6. Look at the picture and complete the description

It's a shot of a boat on a lake. The boat is in the foreground
near the camera, and you can see reflections on the water
and the mountains in the background.
 7. Complete the conversation.
A: That photographer was terrible. I didn't even know what I
was looking at because the pictures weren't clear at all.
B: Maybe you're right, but I thought they were beautiful,
even if they were a bit out of focus.

8. Complete the conversation.

A: I don't think we can use any of the pictures we took
yesterday. We need a different model.
B: Really, do you think so
do you ? I thought they looked really good. Let's try taking
them from a different angle.

9. Complete the conversation.

A: This picture is perfect for our social media!
B: Oh, I don't
know. I think it would be better to have a more distant shot,
so you can see the beautiful scenery in the in the background

10.Complete the conversation.

A: Faces too close to the camera normally look awful, but
these close-ups look great! We should post them.
B: I'm not sure about that. I think more distant shots are
more interesting.
A: I know what you mean , but on the other hand, those
faces have been getting more likes than the shots from
further away.

PART IV Read the question and record your response.

LESSON D: PART I
1. Read the ad and the email and choose the correct answer.
Why has Daniela written this email?
to get work

2. Read the ad and choose the correct answers

According to the ad, what are homework helpers' job responsibilities?
o to help children with their studies
o to help children understand their new town better
o to help children enjoy their new town
 3. Read the email and choose the correct answer.
Daniela could only communicate with students who speak English.
False

4. Read the email and choose the true sentences.

o Daniela wants to be a teacher.
o Daniela doesn't get annoyed easily

5. Read the email and complete the sentences.

Daniela lives with family. She 's got lots of experience helping children.

6. Read the ad and the email and complete the sentences.

Daniela would be a good helper to a child who doesn't speak English
well. Her skills and experience would be very useful for the job.

7. Read the email and choose the sentences that are probably true.
o Daniela is a caring person.
o Daniela has a talent for languages.
o Daniela likes helping children be successful.

PART II

1. Read an email applying to do volunteer work. Put the paragraphs in the

correct order. Choose a paragraph for each section.

an opening paragraph, explaining why you are writing (Paragraph

D)

two paragraphs explaining why you are suitable (Paragraph A,

Paragraph C)

a final paragraph to conclude the email (Paragraph B)

2. Choose the correct answers.

Which sentences give a more positive impression?
o I'm confident I would be a great team member.
o I'm in an excellent position to bring in more customers.
o I would be more than happy to give up my free time to do
volunteer work for you.
3. Complete the sentence with the phrases that give the most positive
impression.
I've owned pets my whole life, so I'm in an excellent position to
care for your animals. I am fluent in English, Spanish, Portuguese
and Arabic, so I am confident I would be able to communicate
easily with community members.
4. Complete the sentences with the phrases that give the most positive
impression.
I have a thorough knowledge of what's needed to run a successful
project. I've always been eager to learn about how to care for the
environment. I am also good at doing paperwork. I strongly believe I
could bring a lot to your club.
5. Complete the sentence with the phrases that give the most positive
impression.
I am certain. I could make a valuable contribution to your work,
and I would be more than happy to give up some of my free time to
work for your club.

6. Read the parts of an email applying to do volunteer work. Choose the

correct sentences to put the article in order
o Sentence E
o Sentence B
o Sentence A
o Sentence C
o Sentence D

7. Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.
Replace the words in bold with words and phrases that will give a
positive impression.

I speak Italian, English and Portuguese well, and I work well with
children.
I am fluent in Italian, English and Portuguese, and I'm good at working
with children.

8. Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.
Replace the words in bold with words and phrases that will give a
positive impression.

I know a lot about social media, and I've always liked learning new
things.
 I have a thorough knowledge of social media, and I've always been keen
on learning new things.

9. Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.
Replace the words in bold with words and phrases that will give a
positive impression.

I'm sure that my past experience would be very useful to the programme
because I am able to help a family adjust to life here.

I'm confident that my past experience would be very useful to the

programme because I'm in an excellent position to help a family adjust to
life here.

10.Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning as the first.
Replace the words in bold with words and phrases that will give a
positive impression.
I'm sure I could give a lot to your programme, and I would like to
give up my free time to work with you.
I'm certain I could make a valuable contribution to your
programme, and I would be more than happy to give up my free
time to work with you.
PART III : Writing: A job application

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
 EXTENSION
LESSON 1 : PART I Reading Extension

1. Read the blog post and comments. Which things are mentioned by the
writer or in the
comments?
o behaviour on public transport
o waiting in queues
o doing something to be polite
o paying extra for something

2. Read the blog and comments again. Match the people with the
statements.

o Which person mentions something they do that is pointless? Irene

o Which person compares a past and present situation? Malc
o Which person cannot understand a particular behaviour of other
people? Sam
o Which person describes a polite form of behaviour that may have a
negative result? Sara
o Which person suggests they may understand why rude behaviour
took place? Paul

3. Read the blog and comments again. Are the statements True or False?

o It was difficult for the original writer, Paul, to board the train. False

o Paul believes there needs to be a written rule to tell people to wait

before getting on the train. False

o Irene doesn't normally argue with queue jumpers. True

o Sara doesn't expect people to hold the door open for her. False

o Malc doesn't agree with restaurants automatically adding the tip to

the bill. True
PART II Writing Extension

1. Write a paragraph about an 'unwritten rule' in your country or a rule you

know well.
(Here is an example, how to WRITE.)

In my country, there's an unwritten rule that revolves around

queueing. While it's not explicitly stated in any official document,
it's deeply ingrained in our culture. Here's how it works:

1. The Rule: Respect the queue. Whether you're waiting in line at a

bus stop, a grocery store, or even for a cup of chai at a roadside
stall, maintaining order in queues is crucial. The person who
arrives first gets served first.

2. Why It's Unwritten: This rule has become part of our social
fabric over time. It's not legislated because it's considered common
sense and basic courtesy. We learn it from observing others and
being corrected when we inadvertently break the queue.

3. Necessity: I believe this unwritten rule is essential. It ensures

fairness, minimizes chaos, and promotes a sense of community.
Without it, queues would dissolve into unruly crowds, leading to
frustration and inefficiency.

4. Consequences of Breaking the Rule: When someone jumps the

queue, reactions vary. Some people politely remind the offender of
the rule, while others exchange disapproving glances. In extreme
cases, tempers flare, and verbal confrontations occur. But overall,
we tend to maintain decorum and gently enforce the unwritten
queueing code.

So, next time you're in my country, remember: "First come, first

served!"
PART III Listening Extension

1. Listen to some interviews with university graduates. How many are

unhappy with their final results at university?
o One

2. Listen again. Choose the correct answers.

o What do we learn about Carl's summer?

He studied a lot during this period.

o Why did Carl find his experience at university difficult?

He had to work and study at the same time.

o Why did Samantha mention the fact she had three exams in two
days? To show that this was really the only difficulty she had

o Why didn't Luke get the final mark he wanted?

His performance in his final two exams wasn't strong enough.

o Which of the following opinions does Luke express?

He thinks the university shouldn't consider illness only on the
day of an exam.

o Which of the following statements best matches something Jane

says?
It's harder to get a degree if you don't have friends or family
who have studied at university.

o What do we learn about Jane's work situation?

She hopes she will get a chance to progress more at work
now that she's finished her course
PART IV Speaking Extension

1. Record yourself talking about an event that has had a big influence on
your life or has been important in your life. Answer the questions.

(Here is an example, how to RECORD.)

 EvEnt: thE First timE i WrotE CodE
o When and Where:
. It happened during my college years, around 10 years ago. I was
studying computer science, and I had just started learning
programming.

o What I Did After the Event:

. After writing my first few lines of code, I felt a mix of excitement
and confusion. The code didn't work initially, but I was determined to
figure it out.
. I spent hours debugging, reading documentation, and experimenting.
Eventually, I fixed the issue and saw my program run successfully.

o How I Felt at the Time:

. Initially, I felt overwhelmed. Programming seemed like an intricate
puzzle, and I wondered if I'd ever understand it fully.

. As I made progress, though, I felt a sense of accomplishment.

Solving problems with code became addictive—I loved the logical
thinking and creativity it required.

o Why It Was Important and Influential:

. This event was crucial because it ignited my passion for software
development. It opened up a world of possibilities and led me to
pursue a career in tech.
. Writing that first piece of code taught me resilience, patience, and the
joy of problem-solving. It shaped my mindset and set me on a path of
continuous learning.
In retrospect, that seemingly small event—writing a few lines of code—was
a turning point. It transformed my life and defined my professional journey.

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….
 ACADEMIC SKILLS
LESSON 1: PART I
Complete the sentences about the arts. Then listen and check.
1. A good novelist will have an ear for natural dialogue, but that doesn't just
mean the words themselves. Pauses, silences, and incomplete sentences
often say more about a person or a character than what is said. You also
need to have a good plot. Most readers want a story that is going
somewhere. And it's important that the setting is believable, although it
doesn't have to be realistic – it could be on a distant planet.

2. Poetry doesn't always have to be serious, some of the best poems are
really entertaining - there is a lot of humour.

3. The real skill is being able to take words on the page, the basic script, and
turn that into a moving passage on love, or jealousy, or power. Lots of
theatregoers like to see familiar works plays by Shakespeare or Chekov –
but I'm quite interested in more modern pieces.

PART II
Read the information.
1. Read the opening paragraph of an article. Decide if the information is
Correct, Incorrect or Could be inferred.

o People who read are more relaxed than people who don't.
Could be inferred

o Djikic and Oatley looked at data supporting their idea.

Correct

o Empathy is generally considered a positive personality trait.

Could be inferred
PART III
1. Read the whole article. Are the sentences Probably true or Probably false?
Infer information where necessary.

o Djikic and Oatley conducted experiments on people to test empathy.

Probably false.

o The Toronto study was designed to investigate the causes of empathy.

Probably false.

o There have been a number of studies on empathy and literature.

Probably true.

o People who read only non-fiction may not show as much empathy as
those who read fiction. Probably true.

o When people read literature, they learn about how to act in a certain
way. Probably true.

o When people read literature, they think differently. Probably true.

o When people read literature, they are always told how a character
feels. Probably false.

o People learn about social situations through speaking with, or reading

about, other people. Probably true.
PART IV
1. You are going to listen to the introduction of a presentation about the
novel Don Quixote. Match the people with the points of view.
o Cervantes writes well about the way the mind works. Kafka.
o Cervantes writes well about how people behave. Dostoevsky.
o Cervantes is a writer people should read. the presenter.
o Cervantes is one of the most important writers of all time. Harold
Bloom.
PART V
1. Listen to the next part of the presentation. Complete the sentences.

o Don Quixote is described as. the first modern European novel.

o Alonso Quixano is. an old man.
o Alonso Quixano believes that everything he sees is. part of a story.
o As Cervantes wrote Don Quixote. used stories from the world around
him.
o The book is unusual as the main character. realises that he is in a story.
o The presenter thinks that. some of the ideas in the book inspired modern
writers.
PART VI
1. Read the information.
2. Complete the sentences. Then listen and check.

o I would suggest that there is no better modern author than Margaret

Atwood.

o In the next few years there may be a move back from digital to
print books.

o The results of the study should tell us more about people's

preferences.

o It would seem that a number of novelists have been inspired by the

book.

o Digital technologies can help us to share stories and ideas more

quickly.

o There are, I would argue, only a few playwrights that match

Shakespeare's ability.
PART VII
1. Read the information.

2. Choose the correct words to complete the review. Then listen and check.

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a science fiction story written

by Philip K. Dick. It is generally agreed that Dick's novel, which was
adapted into the film Blade Runner, has had a major influence on our
vision of the future in popular culture. This is evident because it was one
of the first novels to outline a globalised and urbanised world affected by
climate change. In the story, the main character, a policeman called
Deckard, has to find, identify and destroy six escaped androids. These are
machines that look, sound and think like humans. The novel is set in San
Francisco in the near future. This future is seemingly a dark version of
our own world, where pollution has caused many people to emigrate to
Mars. Only the poor remain on Earth. In a sense, the story says more
about how we live now than what the future will be like. I particularly
like the way Dick writes about how we understand each other, and what it
means to be human. In some respects, Dick predicts the challenges of
sharing our lives with new, more intelligent technologies.

…………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

Unit Progress Test

PART I
1. You hear two colleagues choosing a photo for a magazine advertisement.
Which one do they choose?
the close-up photo of the woman

the photo with the tree in the foreground

the photo with the out-of-focus background

2. You hear two friends talking about a football match.

What did the woman think of the game?
She thought both teams played well.

She was disappointed by the result.

She enjoyed the game more than she expected
3. You hear two friends talking about a photo.
Where is the woman in the photo?
on the right

in the background

in the foreground

4. You will hear two friends planning a party.

What does the man think about the woman's idea?
He likes it very much.

He quite likes it.

He does not like it at all.

5. You hear two friends talking about holidays.

What is the girl doing?
showing the boy some photos

complimenting the boy on his photos

explaining how she takes good photos

6. You hear two friends talking about a film.

What is the man doing?
complaining to the woman

apologising to the woman

disagreeing with the woman

7. You hear a father talking to his daughter about a photo she took.
What does he like most about the photo?
the background

the people

the angle she took it from

 8. You hear two friends talking about someone who has won a lot of money.
What do they both agree about?
Other people can be negative about it.

The way you get the money is important.

A lot of money causes a lot of problems.

PART II
9. Going to university often results in better work opportunities in the future.

10. Winning the lottery led to a lot of changes in Ursula's life.

11. Katy's first teacher had a very positive effect on her life.

12. Eating chocolate used to affect me in a bad way but it doesn't anymore.

13. Anna had to make a tricky decision when she disagreed with her boss.

14. Scarlett's medical training was very rigorous as it is important for doctors to know
their subject well.

15. Choosing what to study at university can be a tough decision to make.

16. Climbing the mountain was extremely ardous and some of the mountaineers decided
to turn back.

PART III

17. John got his job as a result of his father's influence.

18. Everyone knows that smoking can cause cancer.

19. The effect that the painting has on me every time I see it is incredible.

20. Our discussions about money never used to lead to arguments, but now they always
do.
 21. When I first met Claudio, we both felt quite awkward as we didn't know what to
talk about.

22. Naoko's tutor made her write five essays in one week – a punishing experience.

23. I found it difficult and quite a struggle to learn how to write in Chinese

24. Painting the whole house was backbreaking work, but it was worth it when we saw
the finished result.

PART IV

Learning to love running (Questions 25-32)

I've surprised myself because I've become a marathon runner. I hated sport all
through school. In fact, I would usually make up an excuse when we were
forced to do anything athletic. But last year, I decided I had to do something to
get fit. My friend, Mark, encouraged me – he was a serious runner and was
used to doing 50 km a week. He worked out a training programme for me that I
was supposed to follow. At first, I thought I didn’t need to do it exactly as he
said, but I was wrong! I pushed myself and ended up with a damaged knee. I
couldn't run for two weeks but Mark didn't let me relax . He organised some
fitness training in the gym and made me work even harder. After that gruelling
programme, it was wonderful to get back to running – except when it was
raining. I still haven’t got used to running in the rain and I don't think I ever
will. Anyway, after nine months' training, I've just completed my first marathon.
Not bad for someone who didn’t used to run anywhere.
PART IV
33. used to enjoy sailing but I don't anymore.
34. Pat doesn't ski anymore, does he?
35. It took Mary a long time to get used to speaking Spanish.
36. In the past, companies would give their employees a few days' holiday each year.
37. Paul's wife made him give up smoking.
38. Everyone is supposed to show their ID when they arrive.
39. You are not allowed to eat in the library.
40 . Once she gets a new computer, my mum is letting me have her old one.
LESSON A ,Vocabulary : Adjectives describing attitude 1
Unit 5

1.Choose the prefixes and suffixes for the category.

Negative prefixes and suffixes

ir-
un-
-less
2.
Mina is always doing something exciting and trying new things – lea
rning to surf, travelling and experiencing new foods. She's very
adventurous
. I don't think I could ever do what she does. I'd be afraid that I'd get
lost or hurt. I'm a little too
Cautious!
3. Complete the paragraph.
Joanna is always sure that things are going to be fine. I'm glad she's so
optimistic
, but sometimes it's hard to work with her because I look closely at what will probably happe
n. I'm very
realistic
. And I have to admit, sometimes Joanna gets on my nerves, because some of the things she t
hinks will happen most likely won't. She can be very
unrealistic
about things.

4. Complete the sentences.

Noreen's room is so clean. Everything has a place, and she always knows where everything
is. Her desk at work is like that, too. She's very
well-organised
. Henry's room, however, is a mess. He can never find anything! He's very
disorganised
.
5.Complete the sentences.

Bella never says 'thank you', and she always forgets everyone's birthdays. People get very
annoyed with her because she's so
thoughtless
. She wants to be president of a large company one day – she's very
ambitious
. Her sister, on the other hand, always remembers important events, and she always stops by
to help when people are ill or need her. She's very
thoughtful
. However, she always fears the worst things will happen. I love her, but sometimes it's hard
to be around her because she's so
Pessimistic

.6 Complete the sentences.

I don't think Jim's presentation is going to go very well. He can't even find his notes because
his office is a mess! He's so Disorganised
. He thinks his presentation will be great, but he always thinks things will be fine because he's
so optimistic.
7.It's good to want to achieve great things – there's nothing wrong with being
ambitious
! However, it's going to take time and a lot of hard work. If you're not
realistic
about how much time and effort
8. Complete the sentences.
Diana put a lot of work into making sure everyone at the party was happy and comfortable.
This isn't surprising because she's very thoughtful.
Everyone was able to find everything, and there was no confusion because she is so well-
organised!
9. Complete the sentences.
Rhona says whatever she's thinking, even unkind things about other people. She's
very thoughtless. The other day she said something very rude about her best friend, Tina, and
Tina overheard her. Tina was very upset. If Rhona isn't more cautious, she could lose her
friendship.

9.Complete the sentences.

Fernando loves taking risks. In fact, he's so adventurous
that he'll try anything just for fun. He's also a bit unrealistic sometimes – on our last holiday,
he wanted to go snorkelling, scuba diving, shopping and sightseeing all in one afternoon! He
says I'm too negative, but I'm not pessimistic – I'm just being honest about what's actually
possible.
LESSON A, Vocabulary: Adjectives describing attitude 2

1.Complete the sentence.

Ever since Gerald's parents gave him jobs around the house, he's done them every day. He
takes his jobs very seriously because he's responsible.
Complete the sentences.
2.Kristina always wants to be the best on the team. She's very competitive. However,
sometimes she doesn't show up for practice, or she arrives late for matches. She can be
very unreliable.
3.Complete the sentences.
Ryan is a great colleague. He always does what he says he's going to do, and is never late.
He's very reliable. Larry, however, always either hands his work in late or forgets to do it
altogether. He's pretty irresponsible.
4. Complete the sentences.
I like playing in a band with Tony. He listens to everyone's ideas for songs and gives
supportive feedback instead of being negative – he's very uncritical. Angie, on the other hand,
just tells everyone everything they've done wrong, and she never gives any suggestions for
making it better. She's so critical, it's annoying.
. Complete the sentences.
5.When I have a problem, Marie always listens and is very kind. She's very sympathetic. My
brother, however, just tells me to get over it and stop bothering him. He's rather
unsympathetic.

6.Complete the sentence.

Sarah was supposed to be here half an hour ago! She is so unreliable – I should have known
this would happen.
7.Complete the sentences.
Fred is a very responsible student. He takes his school work seriously and does it all on time.
However, sometimes he gets upset when someone gets a better mark than he does. He can be
very competitive.
8.Complete the paragraph.
Rena is difficult to live with. Whenever anyone's upset, she tells them it's all their fault –
she's pretty unsympathetic. Then she tells them everything they did wrong in the situation and
why they deserved what happened. It's hard living with someone who's so critical.
9.Complete the sentences.
Jack is a great friend. He really tries to understand my feelings and make me feel better when
I'm upset – he's very sympathetic. He also always does what he says he's going to do. It's nice
to have such a reliable friend!
10.Complete the sentences.
Dimitri never says anything bad about anyone – he's completely uncritical. However,
sometimes he's lazy and doesn't do things if he doesn't feel like it – like doing his laundry or
finishing his homework! He's nice, but very irresponsible!
Lesson A: Future Probability 1
1.How probable are these future events?

Melissa will certainly go to the concert.

100%

There's no chance that Melissa will go to the concert.

0%

There's a chance that Melissa will go to the concert.

50%

I can't imagine that Melissa will go to the concert.

0%
Put the words in the correct order.

2.My mum will probably order pizza tonight.

3.Put the words in the correct order.

We probably won't meet any celebrities at the party.
4. Put the words in the correct order.
It's very unlikely that he'll visit.
5. Complete the conversation.
A: What would you like to do this weekend?
B: I don't know. There's a chance Teresa might visit. If she does, we could take her sightseei
ng. She really likes seeing new places and
A: Sorry, but there's no chance
I'd want to go sightseeing. I can't stand long queues, and I don't really like museums.
6.Complete the conversation.
A: Where are you going on holiday?
B: I'm not sure yet. I haven't got a lot of money, so it's most likely
I'll go somewhere inexpensive. I'll have to make a decision soon, but I'll
probably just visit my family. They hate to travel, so it's certain
that they'll be home for the whole summer.
A: Well, it may not be a fancy holiday, but I'm sure you'll have a good time. And it's certainly
better than working!
7. Complete the sentences.
Mike might go to the party on Friday, but he has to check his schedule first. It's possible that
he's already got other plans.
A: Has Stan decided if he's going to apply for the job?
B: He's not sure – he said he may apply, and I hope he does. I can't imagine that he wouldn't
get the job – he's got so much experience.
A: Are you going to apply?
B: No, I certainly won't apply. Stan's my best friend, and I haven't got enough experience.
8. Complete the conversation.
A: How are you getting to the airport tonight? Are you going to take the bus?
B: No, I probably won't take the bus. It's too slow.
A: Well, I can take you, if you don't mind waiting until 6 pm to leave.
B: That would be great! My flight leaves at 7:30, but I don't think it'll be a problem. There's
no chance that the flight will take off on time. The weather's too bad. It's already been
delayed by an hour!
9. Complete the conversation.
A: I'm so tired of taking the bus! I'm going to buy a car soon. I'm
sure that it's going to make my life much easier.
B: I don't know. There are bound to be problems. Like parking! It's hard to find a parking
space in your neighbourhood.
A: I'm going to rent a garage, so I won't have any problems with parking.
B: Well, if you really want one, my brother's selling his. He's very fair. He's certain to give
you a good price.

GRAMMAR: Future Probability 2

1.Complete the conversation. Use expressions for future probability a person fixing a bike
A: Are you going to compete in the bicycle race this weekend?
B: My bike's broken. It's easy to fix, but I had to order a part for it. I don't think the part will
arrive in time, so I probably won't be able to repair the bike in time for the race. I'm afraid it's
very unlikely that I'll be able to participate.
2.Complete the conversation. Use expressions for future probability.
A: What are you doing tonight?
B: I haven't decided. I might go to Dina's dinner party, but it's possible that I'll stay at home.
I'm just not sure.
A: Do you think Aria will be at Dina's?
B: She hasn't been feeling well, and she wasn't at work today, so I
doubt if she'll go.
3.Complete the conversation. Use expressions for future probability.
A: Is Richard going to give you a lift to school, or are you going to take the bus?
B: Richard is a terrible driver – there's no chance that I'll go in a car with him. I'll
probably take the bus or ride my bike. But I won't go with Richard!
4.Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the
word in brackets.
Mike will certainly make a lot of friends at his new school.
Mike is bound to make(bound) a lot of friends at his new school.
5. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the
words in brackets.
We might hire a car. There’s a good chance that we'll / a good chance we'll (good chance)
hire a car.
6. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the
word in brackets.a boy winning a race
Henry will certainly win the race.
It's certain that(certain) Henry will win the race.
7. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the
words in brackets.
It's unlikely that Darren will finish his essay tonight.
Darren 's unlikely to finish (unlikely to) his essay tonight.
8. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the word in
brackets.
Rachel certainly won't miss your party.
I can't imagine that (imagine) Rachel will miss your party.
9.Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the
word in brackets.
Justin will likely come to the party, but it's unlikely that he'll be there on time.
Justin will probably come (probably) to the party, but he probably won’t (probably) be there
on time.
10.Complete the second and third sentences so that they have the same meaning as the
first. Use the words in brackets.
Dana will certainly call you back.
Dana 's sure to call(sure) you back. I ’m sure (sure) Dana will call you back.
LESSON B: Vocabulary, The Natural World 1:
1.Complete the collocations.
carbon footprint
the Earth's atmosphere
ecological impact
environmentally friendly
2. Complete the collocations.
climate change
fragile environment
global warming
rough weather
solar energy

3.Complete the sentence.

My local supermarket stopped giving people plastic bags because they wanted to be more
environmentally friendly. Now everyone has to bring reusable bags.
4. Complete the sentence.
Karen started cycling to work because she wanted to reduce her carbon footprint.
5. Complete the sentence.
People need to stop cutting down trees in the rainforest. It's a very
fragile environment, so even cutting down a few trees can harm it.
6.Complete the sentence.
Climate change can lead to extremely hot summers.

7. Complete the sentence.

Some businesses have stopped using gas and coal, and are now using solar energy
for their heat and electricity instead.
8. Complete the sentence.
As the climate changes, there have been more floods, storms and other types of
rough weather.
9. Complete the sentence.
The weather is more unpredictable now than it used to be. I wonder if it's due to global
warming.
10. Complete the sentences.
Cutting down trees has caused a lot of problems. The ecological impact
of it has been very negative. Burning things has also been bad for the environment. It causes
gases to go into the air, which affects the Earth's atmosphere.
Vocabulary, The Natural World 2
1. Complete the sentence
It takes a lot of water and energy to make new clothes, so buying second-hand clothes is
more environmentally friendly.
2. Complete the paragraph.
Many trees get cut down to make farms for raising animals for meat. These farms also use a lot of
water, and the animals produce gas. Because of all this, being vegetarian has a lower carbon footprint
than eating meat.
3. Complete the sentence.
As the Earth warms, the ice in the Arctic melts. The Arctic is a very fragile environment, so
even being a few degrees warmer can have huge effects.
4. Complete the sentence.
When I was a child, it used to snow a lot in the winter. However, now it hardly ever gets cold
enough to snow, because of climate change.

5. Complete the sentence.

Isaac had to stop hiking early yesterday. There was such a bad storm that he could barely see
the trail, and then the park rangers closed the trails due to rough weather.
6. Complete the sentence.
Our town's buses are now electric, to reduce the gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
7. Complete the sentence.
Our city has just made our streetlights more environmentally friendly. They now run on solar
energy.
8. Complete the sentence.
Many people believe that the weather and environment are changing due to global warming.
9. Complete the sentence.
Oil spills have had a negative ecological impact on the sea and the animals which live in it.

LESSON B: Grammar, Future Perfect and Future Continuous 1

1. Complete the sentence.

Donald has to move before the end of this month, so he hopes he'll have moved
to a new flat by next month.
2. Complete the sentence.
Kyra can't come to my birthday lunch because it's at 12 o'clock, and she 'll still be working
at that time.
3. Complete the sentence.
Let's plan to meet on Saturday. I've got a lot of work to do this week, but I'll have finished
it by then.

4. Complete the sentence.

Could you please call me back in an hour? I'm about to start a yoga class at the moment, but h
opefully be walking home then and I can talk to you on my way.
5. Choose the correct sentences.
I'm going to call Maya, she'll have finished her dinner by now.
I'm not going to call Maya, she'll finish her dinner by now.
I'm not going to call Maya, she'll be having her dinner now.
I'm going to call Maya, she'll have her dinner by now.
6. Choose the correct sentences.
She won't have worked next Friday. She has taken the day off.
She won't be working next Friday. She has taken the day off.
She won't have done all her work by Friday. There is too much to do.
She won't be doing all her work by Friday. There is too much to do.

7. Complete the conversation.

A: What time are you going to Amanda's barbecue tomorrow?
B: Well, I wanted to get there at 5 pm, but I won't have finished work by then. Hopefully I'll
have got through everything I need to by 7 pm though!
8. Complete the conversation.
A: Will you be taking the bus to the party tomorrow?
B: No, I'm going to drive. I'll be picking up the cake tomorrow, and I'm afraid it'll get ruined
if I go on the bus.
9. Complete the conversation.
A: Oh, no! I was supposed to bring the snacks for our trip to the zoo, but I forgot!
B: Why don't you text Hailey and ask her to bring some? She lives close to the station, so she
won't have left yet. And she usually stops for supplies before a train journey, so she'll
be going to the shops anyway after she leaves the house.
10. Complete the conversation.
A: It's so exciting that you're going to study in Paris for a month! Do you think you will
have learnt French by the time you get back?
B: Well, it's hard to learn a new language. By the time I return, I think my French will
have improved, but I won't be fluent. But I'll be taking more French classes in the autumn, so
hopefully it'll just keep getting better!
LESSON B: Grammar, Future Perfect and Future Continuous 2
1. Complete the sentence with the words in brackets. Use the future perfect or future
continuous.
We're trying to get everything ready for the party, but we're afraid we
won't have finished (not finish) by the time Leo arrives!
2. Complete the sentence with the words in brackets. Use the future perfect or future
continuous.
Tom is a musician, and he's working on his first album. It's been taking a long time, but
hopefully he’ll have released (he / release) it by this time next year!
3. Maura can't go shopping with us. We're going this afternoon, and she'll
still be working (still / work) at that time.
4. Russel wanted to go on holiday next month, but he probably won’t have saved (not / save)
enough money by then.
5. Morag and Jonas are going to the beach with us. They'll be leaving (they / leave) at 9 am if
you'd like a lift.
6. A: Can you meet us for lunch at 1 pm?
B: No, I'll be flying (I / fly) to Thailand at that time. I'm going on holiday tomorrow,
remember?
7. A: Will the present have arrived (arrive) by Lila's birthday?
B: I hope so, but I'm not sure! I'll be going (I / go) into town later today, so I'm going to look
for something else when I'm there.
8. A: Will you have written (you / write) your essay by tomorrow?
B: I hope so! James said he'd help me at 3 pm today, but I'll be driving (I / drive) home at that
time, so I'm going to try to finish it by myself tonight.
9.
A: Are you driving to class tomorrow?
B: No, I've got a job interview, so I won’t be going (I / not go) to class. But I've already
spoken to the teacher, and he's given me the homework assignment, so
I'll have done (I / do) all the homework by Thursday's class.
10. A: Could you take me to the train station tomorrow at 10 am?
B: I'm sorry. I'd like to, but I can't. I'll be looking after (I / look after) my brother's children
then.
A: Maybe you could pick me up. Will you still be looking after (still / look after) them at 8
pm?
B: No, I won't. My brother will have come(come) back by then. I'll see you at 8 pm
tomorrow!
LESSON C, Listening, Money Problems 1:
1. making more money
2. a) things for his classes
b) a place to live
3. working while he's at university
helping people with their coursework
doing two jobs
doing jobs people post online
4. Rod wants to focus on his studies in his first year.
People will probably want an experienced student to help them.
5. putting together furniture
Moving
6. the experience
requires a vehicle
Clare's father
7. help her get her things into her new flat

LESSON C, Listening, Money Problems 2:

1. That's a great idea.
What a brilliant idea!
I think that's a great idea!
2. Mm, I don't know about that.
It's an idea, I suppose.
That might be worth a try.
3. of
With
about
with
4. bad idea
best thing
of
possibility
5. 2
4
1
5
3
6. know about that
a lovely idea
best thing
7. a possibility
problem is
brilliant idea
8. suppose
makes sense
bad idea
9. worth a try
good idea
great idea
10. about
with
with
of
of

LESSON D: Reading Essay: How can we help protect the Environment

1. People and businesses can take simple steps to be more environmentally friendly.
2. Buying things is necessary but harmful to the environment.
3. Read the essay and choose the correct answers
taking purchases to people
getting rid of products
getting more than you need
4. take their own bags when they go shopping
put up with inconveniences
buy things that used to belong to other people
5. selling previously owned clothes
recycling old clothes
being environmentally friendly when they have to ship something
charging lower prices to customers who avoid shipping
5. thinks that people must influence shops to be environmentally friendly.
probably wouldn't buy anything at a shop that didn't do anything for the environment.

LESSON D: Writing: Arguing for and against an idea

1. It is well known that plastic is harmful to fragile ocean ecosystems. Many people are
worried that too much plastic in the sea will hurt animals, but not everyone knows that it can
harm people, too.
2. Scientists warn that the chemicals in plastic can harm the sea life that helps control carbon
levels. However, some people still believe that this harm to sea animals has nothing to do
with plastic, and isn't caused by people's behaviour.
3. accept
all people
view
 4. Scientists warn that plastic is harmful to fragile ocean ecosystems.
It's well known that plastic is harmful to fragile ocean ecosystems.
5. Most people accept that rough weather is more common these days.
Not everyone agrees that rough weather is more common these days.
6. Paragraph B
Paragraph D
Paragraph C
Paragraph A
7. introduction / stating the problem
discussing the idea in detail
conclusion / restating the problem
8. Some people
Many people
not everyone
most people
9. well known
warn
Some people
own view

LESSON D: Writing for and against essay

1. superb
stunning
2. dramatic
astonishing
3. impressive
Breathtaking
4. unique
Memorable
5. exotic
Remarkable

6. stunning
Astonishing
7. superb
remarkable
8. memorable
Unique
9. impressive
Exotic
10. dramatic
Breathtaking
READING EXTENSION
Correct Answer:
1. Anyone can be optimistic if they choose to do the right things.
2.Correct Answers:
paragraph 2
paragraph 3
paragraph 4
paragraph 1
paragraph 5

3.Correct Answers:
1 True
2 False
3 True
4 False
5 False
6 False

Writing Extension: Write a paragraph about things that make you feel positive and less
positive.
Listening Extension:
1.Correct Answers:
1 Yes
2 Yes
3 No
4 Yes
5 Yes
6 No
2.Correct Answers:
1 The way it sells things is different to other supermarkets.
2 He thinks it would be too time-consuming to shop there.
3 the risk it causes to animals if they eat it
4 It's difficult, but not impossible.
5 He didn't know about the positive environmental impact of vegetarianism.
6 People in general aren't doing enough to help the environment.
7 not very hopeful
SPEAKING EXTENSION:
Record yourself talking about a global problem that you are worried about.
Answer the questions.
What is the problem and why does it worry you?
What do you think could be done to solve the problem?
How likely or unlikely do you think it is that the problem can be solved? Why?
1.Although many people think language change is bad, it is in fact normal.
2.Correct Answers:
1 No
2 Yes
3 Yes
4 No
5 Yes
6 Yes
7 No
8 Yes
9 Yes
10 No

3.Correct Answers:
1 There is a lot of variation, for many different reasons.
2 That language changes over time even if people stay in the same place.
3 That, unlike in France and Italy, there was no national institution to protect the
English language
4 It allows speakers to adapt to changing situations.
5 He changed his mind about whether language change could be stopped.
6 Some people will always dislike how English changes.

Academic Skills: Lesson 1

Lead- in:
1.Correct Answers:
1 proportion
2 ratio
3 volume
4 accuracy
5 trend
6 approximate
7 extensive
8 outliers
Listening 1: Listening for Statistical Information:
1.Correct Answers:
1 88%
2 27%
3 43%
4 23%
5 18.2%
6 14.5%
7 1960s and 1980s / 1960s and the 1980s
Listening 2: Distinguishing between Facts and Speculations:

1.Read the information.

In academic language, it's important to show the difference between proven facts
and ideas that may be true. Facts are objective and tend to be presented with
statistics or supporting evidence. When we speculate about things that may be true,
we tend to use a range of modal verbs or fixed phrases that show possibility.
2. Fact
3. Speculation
4. Speculation
5.Fact
6.Fact
7. Speculation
Reading 1: Interpreting data:
1.Correct Answers:
1 genetics and the rate of damage to DNA.
2 by 5% every 10 years from the age of 40.
3 they become less active.
4 our brains don't work as well.
5 know the same number of words as they did in their 60s.
6 but it affects only small
Reading 2: Interpreting data:
Correct Answers:
1 Yes
2 Yes
3 No
4 No
5 Yes
6 No
Listening 3: Listening for Information:
Correct Answers:
1 number of people
2 lifelong learning
3 is over 65
4 2%
5 level of education / education level
6 technology
Reading 3: Ordering Key Information:
Correct Answers:
4
3
6
1
5
2
Competency Tests:
Empower 2nd Edition B2 - Mid course Competency Test - Reading
TIME:
30 minutes
Test Information
There are four parts to this test.
You have 30 minutes to complete the test.
A timer will show you how long you have left.
Robin Knox-Johnston
1 over
2 affects

3 determined

4 has

5 performance
 6 carried

7 demanding

8 manage

9 for

10 get

11.had

12 used

13.whether
14. have
15. might

16

The writer now believes looking for butterflies is

1. embarrassing.

2. sociable.

3. strange.

4. enjoyable.

17

At the start, the writer set himself a goal which

1. made him discover different places.

2. took up a lot of time.

3. was impossible to achieve.

4. involved a little walking.

 18

The writer found butterfly spotting difficult at first, because he

1. was lazy.

2. wasn't used to it.

3. was stubborn.

4. wasn't motivated.

19

Watching night animals made the writer realise that people

1. are still close to animals in the wild.

2. needed to know that animals can be dangerous.

3. are interesting to other animals.

4. frightened other animals.

20

What advice would the writer give to other people who want to do this hobby?

1. study a good butterfly book

2. take your time

3. just explore by yourself

4. go out with a guide

 21

Which person is pleased with their schedule at work?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

22

Which person says their job was a childhood ambition?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

23

Which person does a job in which the amount of work varies?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E
 24

Which person always looks forward to going to work?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D
5. E

25

Which person says communication is an essential skill for their work?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

26

Which person is disappointed by some people's opinion of their work?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E
 27

Which person says their job is affected by its location?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

28

Which person is afraid of something in their job?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E

29

Which person prefers working with a certain kind of animal?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E
 30

Which person finds it hard to forget about their work?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. E
6. Competency Tests:
Empower 2nd Edition B2 - Mid course Competency Test – Listening
Test Information
There are three parts to this test.
The audio will play automatically. A 5 second warning will show between each
part.
When you have completed a part you cannot go back.
The test will take approximately 35 minutes.

1
What is she doing?
1. complaining about what authors say
2. saying that writers have to be aware of their readers
3. explaining why people get on her nerves
2

What point is he making?

1. Anyone can learn a language if they make a real effort.

2. It's unrealistic to learn languages unless people start young.

3. His father's talent for learning languages is exceptional.

 3

Why did the man decide to start blogging?

1. He hoped to get involved with a new community.

2. It suited his new life.

3. His old job was too demanding.

How does he feel?

1. He's really excited about having a party.

2. He hates the idea of having a party.

3. He doesn't mind having a party.

What do they agree on?

1. the food

2. the venue

3. the guests

What was difficult about the man's fishing trip?

1. It was tricky booking it.

2. It was a struggle to catch any fish.

3. It was a challenge because of the weather.

 7

What is the speaker trying to do?

1. check that everyone will be ready on time

2. check that everyone knows where they have to go

3. check that everyone has got what they need

What was wrong with the photos?

1. The photographer was too far away.
2. The photographer was too slow.
3. The light wasn't good.
9.Impressive
10.Sightseeing
11.Hotels
12.Organised
13.Shoes
14.Sorts
15.Messy
16.Relax
17.changes
18.South America
19

The main reason Alex got into rap music was because

1. he wanted a challenge.

2. his brother played rap music.

3. he really liked it from a young age.

 20

What did other people think of Alex when he first started?

1. They were surprised to see someone from their area.

2. They thought he wouldn't be any good.

3. They wanted to make things difficult for him.

21

What do audiences seem to like most about Alex's music?

1. the fact that he writes his own music

2. the fact that he talks about real life

3. the fact that he's energetic

22

What point does Alex make about the way he writes songs?

1. He likes to use difficult words.

2. He likes changing the meaning of words.

3. He likes to say words in different ways.

23

Alex thinks that his method of coming up with ideas is

1. tricky.

2. reliable.

3. well-organised.
 24

Alex thinks that parents

1. don't need to worry if their children listen to rap music.

2. should get involved with rap music before they judge it.

3. should monitor what their children listen to.

25

What is Alex's attitude towards being a famous musician?

1. He appreciates being able to perform.

2. He is critical of his fans' crazy behaviour.

3. He loves the celebrity lifestyle.

4. Mid course Competency Test – Writing
Empower 2nd Edition B2 - Mid course Competency Test - Writing
TIME:40 minutes
Test Information
There is one part to this test.
You have 40 minutes to complete the test.
A timer will show you how long you have left.
You see this announcement in an English-language website. Write an
answer to the question in about 150 words.

1. ARTICLES WANTED
An inspiring person

Write an article telling us about an inspiring person and answering these

questions:
Who do you think is an inspiring person?
What has this person done?
Why do you find this person inspiring?
 5. Mid course Competency Test – Speaking

Empower 2nd Edition B2 - Progress Test - Unit 5

1

You hear a woman talking about going to a concert with her friends.

How does she feel about Jack not going with them?

1. She's astonished at his decision.

2. She's sure he'll change his mind.

3. She's disappointed he's not coming.

You overhear a man and a woman talking about saving money.

What do they agree about?

1. a way to spend less on food

2. a way to save on leisure activities

3. a way to cut their electricity bill

You overhear two colleagues talking about how to improve their French quickly.

What is the woman doing?

1. working out which way would be best

2. getting the man to follow her example

3. complaining about the lack of time
 4

You overhear two friends talking about ways to get fit.

What is the man's response to the suggestion of running?

1. enthusiastic agreement

2. limited agreement

3. complete disagreement

You hear two people talking about going on holiday.

What doesn't the woman want to do?

1. camp in bad weather

2. stay in expensive accommodation

3. spend a lot of time travelling

You hear two people talking about the moon.

How do they respond to the idea of living on the moon?

1. They can't imagine doing it themselves.

2. They think there are dangers involved.

3. They believe it's likely to happen soon.

 7

You hear two people talking about a city centre gym.

Why is the woman not sure about joining it?

1. It costs a lot to be a member.

2. The staff are rather unwelcoming.

3. It's not convenient to get to.

You hear a man talking about a football match.

How does he feel about his team's performance?

1. He is disappointed.

2. He is confused.

3. He is surprised.
Carol was upset to discover how
9 unsympathetic

10 adventurous

11 realistic

12 irresponsible

13 carbon footprint

14 ecological impact

15 rough weather

16 fragile environment
17. optimistic
18. well-organised
19. cautious
20. critical
21. climate change
22. environmentally friendly
23. solar energy
24. global warming

25 be driving

26 will we have said

27 are more likely to

28 can't imagine

29 be passing

30 doubt if

31 may well

32 won't have

33. probably
34. chance
35. we
36. likely
37. won't
38. coming

39 disappeared

40 be

40 be
 UNIT-6
Around the Globe

Digital Workbook
Vocabulary: Travel and tourism 1
Complete the paragraph
1.The hotel I stayed at in Belize was
superb – everything was very high quality. And I've never seen anything more beautiful than the view of the bea
ch from my balcony. I've been to a lot of beaches, but none of them was this gorgeous. It was stunning!
2.The scenery in Cape Town includes mountains, beaches and the city, and all of it is gorgeous and exciting – it'
rather
dramatic! I was very surprised at how many different types of scenery could exist in one town – the variety was
astonishing!
3.My grandfather's house in the mountains is huge and very nice. At first, you can't see it very well from the roa
d, but when you get closer, it's very impressive because it's so large. And the views from the house are
breathtaking! You can see more mountains and some waterfalls in the distance, and lots of animals. I love going
there!
4.I'll never forget my last holiday. I thought about just lying on the beach as usual, but I wanted to do something
truly special that I'd never done before – something very unique – so I went to the Yucatán Peninsula instead. One
day, I went swimming in a huge underground cave. It was one of those moments that always stays with you – it
was a very memorable experience for me.
5.When I was in Vietnam, I ate 'pho', a Vietnamese soup. It was absolutely delicious, and I'd never eaten food
from Vietnam before. My Vietnamese friends thought it was funny that it was so exotic for me, because they eat
it every day. For me, it was something unusual that really caught my attention – I never knew noodles could be
made out of rice. They seemed remarkable to me, but to my friends they're completely normal.
Complete the conversation
A: Wow! Look at the view out this window! It's so beautiful!
B: Oh yes, it's stunning! But to be honest, I don't like heights much. I can't believe people live in these mountain
houses. I find it astonishing that anyone would want to be this high up all the time! I'm glad we're only here for
the weekend.
A: This food is superb! It's the most delicious thing I've ever eaten.
B: I know! The way it's both sweet and salty, crunchy and chewy, but it's still really tasty; it's really
remarkable, isn't it?
A: I'll never forget my trip to Russia.
B: What made it so memorable?
A: Well, it was during the white nights, which means that for months it never got dark at night. I've never
experienced anything like it.
B: Yes, that does sound like a unique experience!
A: The new hotel in the city centre is so tall, and it's very modern. It even has a shopping centre in it!
B: Yes, it's really impressive, isn't it? I hear they're also going to add restaurants with food from around the
world, so people can enjoy exotic meals there.
A: Look at that waterfall! It looks like it's coming right out of the clouds.
B: Yes, this place has a lot of dramatic scenery. And it's just beautiful!
A: Yes, it really is breathtaking.
Vocabulary: Travel and tourism 2
Complete the sentences
1. Yesterday we went hiking in the woods. We saw a lot of beautiful things, but the most impressive feature we
saw was a breathtaking waterfall!
2. The new blocks of flats are very nice, and they're in a beautiful setting, with a great view of the mountains.
However, they're not very convenient – it takes an hour to get to the centre of town from there. It wasn't a good
idea to build flats on the outskirts of town – I don't think a lot of people who work in the city will want to live
there.
A: Let's eat dinner outside tonight. I think the hotel is serving dinner on the terrace.
B: Sounds good. How do we get there?
A: Take the lift to the ground floor. Turn left and walk through the lobby. It's just past the reception desk.
A: We need to hire a place for the company party.
B: What kind of venue are you thinking of?
A: Well, since we're a design company, I was thinking of something to do with the arts.
B: Oh, I've got the perfect place! My friend is an artist, and he has a large studio
in the centre of town. I bet he'd let us use it.
A: Excuse me, but how do I get to the departures hall of this airport?
B: Hmm… which terminal are you flying out of?
A: From A. Aren't they all together?
B: Well, they're updating the airport, so A and B are over there, but C is behind the structure
over there. It's going to be a car park, but at the moment it doesn't look like much.
My sister is an artist. Her studio is very small, but it has an amazing window, and she loves to paint in front of it.
It's her favourite feature of the place.
A: Wow, this outdoor space is amazing!
B: Thank you. I spend a lot of time out here on the patio.
A: It's really beautiful here, outside the city.
B: Yes, I think it's a great setting for a home!
A: I really love living in the centre of town. I don't think I could live on the outskirts of town – I'd feel too far
away from everything!
B: I disagree. I'd love to be closer to nature. It would be nice to be able to go hiking whenever I want. I always
feel better after a walk in the woods.
A: This community centre is such a great place to have a family reunion.
B: Yes, it's a wonderful venue. They also have little structures in the back for children to play in – sort of like a
little town of play houses. It really is nice.
A: Excuse me, how do I check out of this hotel? And how can I get a taxi to the airport?
B: Just ask at the reception desk in the lobby. The man working there can check you out, and he'll call a taxi for
you. Just remember to tell him the terminal you're flying out of, so he can let the driver know.
Grammar: Infinitives and -ing forms 1
Choose the sentence that has a similar meaning to the first one
1. Helena used to call me a lot, but she doesn't any more.
Helena stopped calling me.
2. When I was a child, I went to the zoo, and I remember it.
I remember going to the zoo when I was a child.
3. Lorna decided to take the bus to school instead of driving, but the bus didn't come.
Lorna tried to take the bus to school.
Complete the sentences
1.Riding a bike is difficult, but once you learn to ride, you never forget!
2.I was happy to help
Mackenzie learn to speak English when she first moved here. After university, she became an English teacher an
d went on to help many other people learn English. It made me very proud.
Complete the conversation
A: I noticed Hannah laughing throughout the class. I wonder what was so funny.
B: I don't know, but the teacher looked pretty annoyed. He didn't seem happy about her laughing in his class!
A: Sorry I'm late! I stopped to buy some fruit, and the shop was really busy.
B: Don't worry! I've just been sitting here, listening to the birds singing. This is a beautiful park! Nice choice for
a picnic!
A: I'm really tired! I'm going to my room to rest.
B: That's a good idea. I noticed you kept sneezing a lot this morning. Aren't you feeling well?
A: Oh, that's allergies. I'm just tired and I want to lie down.
A: Wow! You can run for a long time. You're not even tired, but I'm exhausted!
B: Yes, well, I really enjoy running, so I do it a lot.
A: I have to admit, running isn't my favourite way to work out. I keep fit by doing yoga.
A: What do you think about getting a takeaway tonight instead of going to a restaurant?
B: I don't know. Going out to eat is my favourite thing to do!
A: I know, but it's not possible to eat out as often as we do. We don't earn enough money. By eating at home,
we'll save money.
Grammar: Infinitives and -ing forms 2
Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets
1.Last month, Moira took a boat to go (go) whale watching. She said it was amazing!
2.After we visit my uncle in Toulouse, we're going to stay (stay) with my grandmother in Narbonne.
3.As I was walking upstairs to go to bed last night, I noticed someone standing (stand) outside the front door. I
was scared at first, but it was just my flatmate, trying to find his keys.
4.Ted and Harold were happy to see (see) Anya, but they had forgotten how much she talks. She just
kept talking (talk) the whole time. They couldn't say a word!
5.I'm really looking forward to going (go) on holiday next week. I'll be happy to take (take) a break from
work and just relax.
6.I saw Margaret on the way to work yesterday. I stopped to talk (talk) to her for 45 minutes! It was great to find
out how she's doing. We used to work together, but she stopped working (work) at my company about two years
ago.
7.When you're in Paris, remember to visit (visit) the Louvre. I remember visiting (visit) it when I went there –
it's still one of the most memorable experiences of my life!
Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs below
A: Writing that essay was really difficult! I tried to get Mark to help me, but he wasn't around, so I just did my
best. I don't think it's very good.
B: I didn't even get that far! My computer's broken, so I tried doing it on my brother's old computer. However,
before I could save my work, the computer shut down!
A: Would you like to go to the match with me?
B: Thank you for inviting me, but I don't think so. It's too difficult to get tickets. I want to watch it at home
instead.
A: I really enjoy sitting in the park and admiring the scenery. It helps me calm down.
B: Yes, and I enjoy watching the animals. I especially like to observe them caring for their babies in the spring.
Complete the sentence
1.This famous building in Spain looks exactly as it did almost 1,000 years ago. It has been preserved very well.
2.Unfortunately, many historic buildings no longer exist, because they've been lost due to disasters or people not
taking care of them.
3.Those who remember old cultural traditions often teach them to other people. That is a wonderful thing that he
lps revive the traditions instead of letting them further deteriorate.
4.The people of the Algonquin tribe in North America were worried because the number of Algonquin speakers
had declined. Therefore, they started offering language classes to save the language before it disappeared.
5.More people are riding their bikes to work instead of driving. Since the number of cyclists has increased, the c
ycle paths are more crowded. However, driving to work takes less time than it used to, because the number of dr
ivers has decreased.
6.The coral reefs are fragile ecosystems that are being destroyed by humans. We have to preserve coral reefs. If
we don't, a lot of fish that live there will become extinct.
7.My music school is trying to get people interested in classical music again. We're trying to revive people's
interest by putting on concerts and playing at local schools.
8.Global warming is affecting more than just the weather – many species are endangered or becoming extinct as
well. For example, as temperatures have increased, the amount of ice and snow in the Arctic has decreased, so
it's harder for animals in that environment to survive.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the verbs that mean the
same thing as the words in bold
1.When the things wild animals eat are gone, the number of wild animals goes down.
2.When the things wild animals eat disappear, the number of wild animals declines.
3.As the condition of natural habitats gets worse, more species stop existing.
As the condition of natural habitats deteriorates, more species are lost.

Vocabulary: Describing changes 2

Complete the sentence
1.The house used to be beautiful, but no one took care of it for years, so now it's falling apart. Because of
the deterioration of its walls, it wasn't safe, so it had to be demolished.
2.Although many indigenous languages were in danger of disappearing, more people are learning them now.
There's been a revival in interest in studying them because more people want to learn about their cultures.
3.Preservation programmes are important, as they can prevent the disappearance of some rare species.
4.The company was in trouble because it had experienced a decrease
in sales, so they offered a promotion. Within a month, there was an increase in sales. Everyone was very happy.
5.The decline of rainforests has caused many species to die out.

Complete the pairs with noun forms of the verbs

1.decline decline
2.decrease decrease
3.deteriorate deterioration
4.disappear disappearance
5.increase increase
6.preserve preservation
7.revive revival
Complete the sentence
1.Since the large shopping centre opened, many smaller shops are starting to close because fewer people shop at
them now. The decline in customers is causing them to die out.
2.It used to be cheap to go on holiday to Malta, but now it's more expensive. The increase in cost has led to
a decrease in tourism, because fewer people can afford to go there.
Complete the paragraph
1.Ten years ago, the city centre was ugly, and no one wanted to go there. The buildings were falling down and
the roads were bad – there was a lot of deterioration. However, about five years ago, the city invested money
into attracting new businesses and fixing the roads. Because of this, there's been a revival of the city centre –
now it's a very popular place.
2.In many cities, old buildings are demolished so new ones can be built. However, historical societies work on
the preservation of old buildings with important history, so they can continue to exist, and people can learn
about the town's history. This is to stop their disappearance due to new development – if the buildings are gone,
so are important pieces of the town's history.
Grammar: The passive 1
Complete the sentence
1.Roger really wanted to go on the swings at the park, but all the swings were being used.
2.When I went back to the shop to buy the dress, all the ones in my size had been bought.
3.Thank you for donating these old shirts. They'll be used to make bags. We're going to sell them for a charity.
4.The next book in my favourite series is being written at the moment!
5.My mum wanted to get fit, so she started either walking or riding her bike everywhere. She sold me her car las
t week. It hadn’t been written in over a year when she sold it to me!
6.Some of the food has been eaten, but we still have a lot left.
7.The winners will be chosen sometime next week. For their prize, they are going to be sent
to Barbados for a free holiday!
8.The containers for the plants are made of plastic. They were made from
old water bottles. We just cut a hole in them, filled them with soil and planted our seeds!
9.This bag is made out of old T-shirts. It was made by cutting them up and sewing them back together.
10.This birthday card was made by hand. It was made with crayons and paint.
Grammar: The passive 2
Complete the paragraphs with the correct prepositions
1.Glass vases are made by heating sand until it melts. The liquid is then blown into a shape and dipped in water.
Coloured glass is made of/from sand and different types of metal. Some glass is made by hand, but most is made
in factories by machines. It's faster and less expensive.
2.Machines make a lot of things that used to be made by people, like electronics that have to be made with tiny
tools that are too small for people's hands. However, some people are recycling factory-made things to make
unique things. For example, some people make art from/out of old glass bottles, by breaking the glass and
arranging it into a picture.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use the passive form of the
word in bold
1.Could I please have another pencil? Someone broke this one.
Could I please have another pencil? This one is broken/was broken.
2.The photographer is taking the children's pictures in the cafeteria at the moment.
The children's pictures are being taken in the cafeteria at the moment.
3.Please save your carrier bags! You can use them again.
Please save your carrier bags! They can be used again.
Complete the sentence with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets
1.There's a spare desk in the office, but it is not being used (not use) today.
B2.y the time I found the chocolate, it was being eaten (eat) by my nephew. He gave me a big smile and
continued to eat it!
3.That book has been read (read) so many times that it's starting to fall apart!
4.Today, noodles are made (make) with special machines, but 100 years ago, they were made (make) by hand.
5.The city is planning to build a new town hall. When it's done, it 's going to be used / 'll be used (use) for
meetings, and it 'll be hired / 's going to be hired (hire) for parties, too.
A: By the time we got to the restaurant, all the parking spaces had been taken (take).
B: That's so annoying! I ate there last month. The food is delicious, but the staff are rather impatient. We were
expected (expect) to order as soon as we got our menus!
Listening: Asking for a favour 1
Why doesn't Zoe get the cake?
The cake isn't ready.
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct sentences.
1 Victor got rid of his car.
2 Martin's got a car that isn't working.
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.
giving someone a lift
Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
Zoe will be driving a lot to do things for the party.
She's going to drop off the cake before she picks Sabrina up.
She can get the cake if she can pick it up earlier.
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.
Why doesn't Zoe get the cake?
The cake isn't ready.
Listen to the conversation and complete the sentences.
Margot works near the bakery.
She hasn’t got to change her plans to get the cake.
She wants something in exchange for getting the cake.
Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answer.
What does Margot want in exchange for getting the cake?
a lift
Listening: Asking for a favour 2
Read and listen to the conversation.
Speaking: Introducing requests; Showing you are grateful 1
Complete the conversation
A: I was wondering if you wouldn't mind lending us your car. I've got to pick up balloons for the party.
B: No, that's fine.
A: Thank you. I'm really grateful.
B: It's no trouble at all. I'm happy to help.
A: Do you mind if I ask you something?
B: No, go right ahead.
A: I'm really sorry to ask you this, but can you help me move my bookcase? It's too heavy for me.
B: Sure, no problem.
A: Thank you! I really appreciate it.
B: It's not a problem.
A: No, really. I don't know how to thank you. B: My pleasure.
A: There's an idea I'd like to run past you.
B: What is it?
A: Do you mind if we have the party at your house?
B: No, not at all.
A: Thank you! It's so kind of you.
B: Oh, don't worry about it.
Choose the correct number to order the conversation
2 Go right ahead.
5 Thank you. That's really nice of you.
4 Sure, I can take you.
1 Do you mind if I ask you something?
3 I'm really sorry to ask you this, but could you take me to work?

Complete the conversation

A: I'm really sorry to ask you this, but could you help me move this weekend?
B: Sure.
A: Thanks! I really appreciate it.
B: It's not a problem.
A: Could you please come and get me? My car's broken down!
B: Sure. I'm happy to help.
A: I'm really grateful. I don't know how to thank you.
B: It's no trouble at all.
A: There's an idea I'd like to run past you.
B: What is it?
A: I was wondering if you wouldn't mind walking my dog while I'm away?
B: No, not at all.
A: Thank you. It's so kind of you.
B: It's no trouble at all.
A: Do you mind if I ask you something?
B: Go right ahead.
A: I hope you don't mind my asking, but could you please buy me some fruit when you go to the shops? I'm
really busy and can't go until Friday.
B: No, that's fine.
A: Thank you. That's really nice of you.
B: Oh, don't worry about it.
Speaking: Introducing requests; Showing you are grateful 2
Reading: Travel blog: Around the Grand Canyon
What summarises the trip best?
learning something and experiencing something special
Read the travel blog and choose the correct answers.
What did the author do on her trip?
1 went to an old town
2 ate a new food
3 saw animals in their natural habitat
Read the travel blog and choose the true sentences.
1 The author ended up having a good time.
2 The author learnt a lot on the trip.
Read the travel blog and complete the sentences.
The author's father enjoys working with plants.
The author's sister enjoys preparing food.
The author's mother enjoys reading.
Read the travel blog and choose the correct answers.
Which word would the restaurant use to describe its food?
historical
Read the travel blog and choose the correct answers.
1 There were lots of insects at Assateague Island.
2 There was a special event at the island.
Read the travel blog and choose the correct answer.
What would be the best full title for this blog?
Around Virginia: History and Horses
Writing: Using descriptive language
Complete the paragraph
1.I went hiking the other day. I usually enjoy hiking a lot – the mountains near my home have awesome
views. However, today's hike was pretty uninspiring. I'd been hiking for about half an hour when it started to rai
n heavily. By the time I got home, I was absolutely soaked!
2.Last year, my sister and I went camping on the beach. We often camp there, so we weren't expecting anything
different from the usual peace and relaxation. However, the trip wasn't ordinary
at all! When we got there, there was a huge festival. There must have been three thousand people on the beach –
it was unbelievable! I don't remember the last time I had that much fun. We danced all night and made loads of
new friends. It was fabulous!
3.My dad invited me to go to Prague with him to meet some family members I'd never met. I said yes right
away, as I had no plans for the summer. When I got there, I met my cousins – and one of them looks just like
me! It was mind-blowing! I'll always remember that trip. Not only was it an unforgettable holiday, but it was the
experience of a lifetime!
4.When I was a teenager, I went to Malta with my parents. We saw structures that were thousands of years old.
It was awe-inspiring to see buildings that had been there longer than the Egyptian pyramids. While we were
there, we stayed in an old farmhouse, which was a whole new experience for us. However, it didn't have a TV or
Internet. My parents really enjoyed being screen-free, but I found it a bit dull. I had nothing to do.
5.My best friend and I went to the mountains last summer. One day, we saw the most beautiful sunset I've ever
seen. It was truly out of this world. Afterwards, we went to a restaurant that someone at our hotel had
recommended. The food wasn't very good, but even though that was disappointing, the restaurant's patio
overlooked a waterfall. It was an experience in itself! Despite the food, we had a pretty good time.

Complete the paragraph. Replace the words in brackets with descriptive adjectives and phrases with
similar meanings
1.Life in the Bahamas is very different from life back home. Even doing something ordinary (you do every day),
like taking the bus into town, can be an adventure! My friends and I found this out last summer! The first day
we were there, it took us three hours to find the bus stop. The bus was packed with people – it was mind-
blowing (very surprising) how many people were able to fit in the bus! We met a very nice woman who showed
us how to get to the main market in town. It was hard to find, but totally worth it once we were there – the
souvenirs were absolutely (totally) fabulous!
2.It was late when we finally made it back to our campsite. We were staying in small cabins on the beach. There
wasn't any electricity, which was an experience in itself (unique experience). It was difficult at first, and
sometimes not being able to be on my phone was pretty dull (boring), but after a few days, I didn't even miss it.
It was unbelievable (not easy to believe) how quickly I got used to it.
3.The next morning, I woke up to an awesome (very nice) sunrise. I've never seen anything so awe-inspiring
(beautiful). It was truly unforgettable (something I probably won't forget)!
4.Unfortunately, the rest of the day was pretty uninspiring (uninteresting). It rained all afternoon, so we spent
the day inside. However, after the disappointing (poor) weather, the sunset was gorgeous. And we saw dolphins
swimming in the sea, which had turned red because of the sunset! It was a whole new experience (something I'd
never experienced before).
5.Overall, my time in the Bahamas was fabulous (very good). The scenery was out of this world (impressive),
and I was absolutely (really) amazed by all the animals I saw and experiences I had. It was definitely the
experience of a lifetime (that doesn't happen often)!
Writing: Travel blog

Extension
Reading Extension
Read the article. Choose the correct summary.
Although many people think language change is bad, it is in fact normal.
Read the article again. Can the ideas below be found in the article? Choose Yes or No.
Some languages never change.
No
Languages can change because of technology.
Yes
Everyone speaks a language in a slightly different way.
Yes
We don't normally change the way we speak because of how other people speak.
No
Every generation of speakers influences the way a language is spoken.
Yes
Jonathan Swift wanted to protect the English language.
Yes
Jonathan Swift was able to stop some changes in English.
No
Linguists today think language change is natural.
Yes
Dr Johnson changed his mind about language change.
Yes
English may stop changing in the future.
No

Read the article again. Choose the correct answers.

1. What does the writer say about language in small communities?
2. What point is the writer making when mentioning grandparents?
3. Which of the following things do we learn when Jonathan Swift is mentioned?
4. What positive aspect of language change does the writer mention?
5. What do we learn about Dr Johnson?
6. What does the writer suggest in the final sentence?
Correct Answers:
1 There is a lot of variation, for many different reasons.
2 That language changes over time even if people stay in the same place.
3 That, unlike in France and Italy, there was no national institution to protect the English language
4 It allows speakers to adapt to changing situations.
5 He changed his mind about whether language change could be stopped.
6 Some people will always dislike how English changes.
Writing Extension
Listening Extension
Listen to the podcast. Choose the topics that the people mentioned.
Mike
music, food
Samantha
sport, food
Louise
sport, music, food
Listen to the podcast again. Choose the correct answers.
1. Which reason does the presenter not give for why people go on 'staycations'?
2. What does Mike say about what made the staycation special?
3. What do we learn about Mike and his wife?
4. Which of the following statements is true about Samantha's staycation?
5. What does Samantha say about the food she ate?
6. What do we learn about Louise's children during their staycation?
7. Which of the guests would recommend a staycation to the listeners?
Correct Answers:
1 to have a chance to do work around the house
2 the small changes to how he spent his day
3 They don't normally eat breakfast together.
4 She didn't do everything she had originally planned to do.
5 She ate takeaways several times.
6 They were unable to follow a rule Louise had made.
7 All three guests
Speaking Extension
Academic Skills
Lead-in
Complete the sentences
Uber customers can get a car simply by using the app on their phones.
Cohealo is a platform which allows hospitals within a network to share their medical equipment.
On TaskRabbit, users can check the availability and price of a tradesperson such as a plumber.
JustPark's platform allows hundreds of thousands of drivers to access parking spaces.
Airbnb allows homeowners to connect with people looking to rent a room.
The basic idea of ZipCar is to allow people to rent a car for as short a time as one hour.
Reading 1: Understanding main ideas
1. The potential size of the sharing economy market is
2. A sharing economy
3. For someone with a car, the idling time
4. In the 20th century,
5. Prices for certain services used to be higher because
6. To do business this century, people
Correct Answers:
1 uncertain.
2 offers your assets to others to use.
3 might be when they are at work and the car is parked.
4 customers paid too much for certain services.
5 the distributor and the middleman needed to be paid.
6 don't require anything but a good platform.
Reading 2: Understanding reference words
Look at the words in bold in the article. Choose the people or things that the words refer to.
1.This is the question
How much more can the sharing economy grow?
2.One definition
So, what do we mean by a sharing economy?
3.those assets
our house, car or clothes
4.examples
car sharing, jewellery rental and accommodation swapping
5.this
the hours or days when our asset is not in use
6.Each of them
middlemen and others responsible for distributing goods and services
7.them
the artist and the customer
Listening 1: Listening for detail
As you may know, he was the founder of one of the most successful trading platforms ever – eBay.
He saw the potential of a single global marketplace which everyone in the world had access to.
He had proved two of the key reasons for success in a sharing economy – accessibility and availability.
So, what are some of the reasons for the success of what we call collaborative consumption?
Firstly, it brings together people with shared values. It creates a community.
They are written with other customers in mind, what we can call peer-to-
peer, which larger corporate marketing simply doesn't do.
Listening 2: Following a line of argument
Listen to the second part of the lecture. Choose True, False or Not given.
1.The speaker doesn't want to rent out a room in his house. Not given
2.People in the West are less keen on sharing their property. True
3.Growth in the sharing market is potentially huge. True
4.A lot of growth in the sharing economy will be in Asia. Not given
5.Access is a key element for the sharing economy. True
6.Start-up businesses always struggle to get customers. False
7.The company providing the sharing platform usually makes a loss. False
Reading 3: Understanding main ideas
Read the profile of a leading company in the sharing economy. Choose the sentences that best express the
main ideas in the profile.
1.Damage is done to the planet because people drive extra miles looking for a parking space.
2.The founders of JustPark saw an opportunity to make money without building car parks.
3.Access to the platform allows customers to reserve a space in advance of their arrival at their destination.
4.The company has the potential to expand.
5.This type of business has a promising future because growth brings benefits to all parties.
6.Using the platform saves time and money and also reduces carbon emissions.
7.Accessibility and availability are not the only deciding factors in whether a start-up company is successful.
Listening 3: Understanding logical connections
Listen to two student presentations about two different companies. Complete the sentences with the
words the students use to join ideas.
1.First of all, you have to enter some personal information and credit card details which means you can then get
a driver at any time. ... you get a message with the details of the car coming to get you, namely the driver's first
name, type of vehicle and licence plate number. Unlike normal taxi firms, it also gives you a rating for the driver
and an estimated cost for the trip.... it allows you to know what other people thought of the driver. In
fact, female passengers comment that they feel safer because they have this information in advance.
2.Smaller hospitals, by contrast, cannot afford such equipment. Idle equipment is, in effect, a waste of money.
They will achieve this by pooling hospitals' resources – in other words, getting hospitals to share equipment.
This not only allows the larger hospitals to earn money on their equipment but it also allows smaller hospitals
access to equipment they wouldn't normally be able to afford.
 Digital Work Book – Unit -07
Lesson A
Vocabulary – Describing the Life in the Cities 1
1. Complete the sentence
The people who don't live in the neighbourhood love the shopping centre, but the
local residents hate it. They say it's made traffic much worse in their area.
2. Sheila likes her neighbourhood, but she spends a lot of time driving around looking for a
parking space for her car. She wishes she had a garage!
3. When they started building the new motorway, the city had to close off some parts
of the roads for construction. It's made traffic congestion worse than ever.
4. Ten years ago, most of Exeter was factories, small businesses and homes. But now there
are lots of huge office buildings and expensive blocks of flats, because of urban
development. However, the city hasn't added more buses or trams, so public
is always very crowded.
5. Breathing problems are more common in the people who live near the factory in ourneigh
bourhood, due to all the air pollution.
People near there are selling their homes because the quality of life is
worse in that part of the city.
6. Myra's going to be late for work again. She left her house at 6:00 am to drive to work, but
the traffic congestion is so bad that she's still sitting in her car on the motorway.
7. Krista's new flat is so convenient – she's got a bus stop on the corner and a tram stop
down the road. She's really lucky to live so close to
public transport
8. It's getting really hard to breathe in the city centre because the
air pollution is so bad there.
9. My great-
grandmother is 96, but she still does her own shopping, spends time with her friends and i
s very healthy. Her quality of life is very good.
10. Her neighbours also help her when she needs it; she's lived in her town all her life,
so, all the local residents know her well.
11. There are a lot more buildings than there used to be around here. All the
urban development has made local residents very unhappy.
Some of them have lived here for years and are used to things being a certain way – like no
t having to drive around for 45 minutes to find a parking space.

Vocabulary – Describing the Life in the Cities 2

1. Marie's quality of life has increased since she's started doing yoga. She feels great and
she's made friends with some people in her class. Her only complaint about the class is
that she sometimes has a hard time finding a parking
space for her car – the yoga studio is so popular, it's always very busy.

2. I need to start taking the underground. Traffic congestion is so bad in this city that it
takes me ages to drive to work.
B: Well, the underground isn't much better. So many people have moved here that
public transport is really crowded.
 3. This used to be a small, quiet neighbourhood, but due to urban development
it's now very crowded and loud. There are very few parks, and the air quality is bad –
air pollution has become quite a problem. Local
are trying to stop the construction of new buildings in their community, but they haven't had
much success so far.

4. Lana was unhealthy, but she changed her diet and started exercising. She's made close
friends through her gym. Now she feels great and her quality of life
is much better.

5. Denise has started riding her bike to work because she couldn't deal with driving there
anymore. It took a long time because the traffic congestion is so bad where she lives.

6. The new factory on the outskirts of town has brought jobs to the community, but it also
releases a lot of chemicals into the air. It's causing a rise in air pollution
in the neighbourhood.

7. More families are moving here, so there are a lot more students in my class than there
used to be. Due to urban development, there are more jobs and flats, but we still have
the same number of schools. We need to build more.

8. Lita arrived late at the restaurant and there wasn't an available parking space
in the restaurant's car park. She had to go to the car park down the road.

A: So, how was your volunteer work at the park?

B: Well, there really wasn't much to do. The people who live in the neighbourhood keep it very
clean. I actually met a few of the local residents
and they were very proud of their park.

Do you want to drive into town or take the bus?

B: Let's take the bus. Traffic is horrible at this hour. Public transport
is usually faster.

Grammar – too/ enough; So/such 1

Put the words in the order.
A. There is enough food for everyone.
B. It isn’t hot enough to swim.
C. This is such a beautiful city.

Choose the sentences that mean the same as the first one.
You're very clever!
1. You're so clever!
2. You're such a clever person!

I'll never forget the trip because it was very enjoyable.

The trip was too enjoyable to forget.
2 It was such an enjoyable trip that I'll never forget it.
3 The trip was so enjoyable that I'll never forget it.

Complete the sentences.

Sebastian plays guitar very well. He's good enough
to be in a band. In fact, he's so good
that I think he'll be in a famous band one day!

A: I like my new neighbourhood, but there are too many people, and they make
too much noise.
B: Well, that's life in a city! I'm sure there are some good things about it.
A: Of course. I've made lots of interesting friends. I really enjoy talking to them, even though it's
sometimes too loud to hear each other talk!

A: Thank you so much for dinner! I had such a good time!

B: It was such a pleasure to see you! I'm so glad that we got to catch up.

A: Let's have lunch in the park! It's nice enough to have a picnic.
B: I wish we could, but there isn't enough time to have one. We have to pick Lisa up from
school in half an hour and take her to football practice. And after that, it'll be too late to go to the
park. Maybe tomorrow.

The street outside my new flat is so loud that I can't sleep

. Now I'm too tired to write my essay.
B: That's such a shame. You were so excited about moving in!
A: I know. At least my flatmates are wonderful. If I didn't have
Such good flatmates, I would have moved out already.

Grammar – too/ enough; So/such 2

Complete the sentence with too, too many, too much, enough, so or such.
Tonya used to live in the city, but there was too much traffic, and there wasn't enough
nature. Now she lives outside the city, and her quality of life is much better.

I usually enjoy the beach, but last time I went, there were too many
mosquitos. It was so annoying that I left after an hour.

Bangkok is such an interesting city! I don't think so I could live there, though. It's too big for
me.

This park is so beautiful! It's such

a shame that it's so close to the factory.
B: I know. I love coming here, but I don't come very often because the air pollution is so bad.
Sadly, there just isn't enough
fresh air here to breathe easily.
The last bus was an hour ago. It's too late to take
(late / take) the bus home.
B: That's OK. I live near enough to walk
(near / walk) home.
A: Or I could drive you. I'm taking Jack and Dean home. There's enough room
(room) for you in the car.
B: That would be great. You're such a good (good) friend.

What's wrong? Why do you look so frustrated?

B: Oh, it's silly. I'm just annoyed because there isn’t enough
(not be) parking near the office. I've got to drive round looking for a parking space every day,
and traffic congestion is terrible around here.
A: Maybe you should walk.
B: No, I can't. It's so far to walk
(far / walk) from my house, and there aren’t enough
(not be) safe places to walk. There aren't even any pavements near my house!

We decided to move here because the local residents are so friendly that we decided to move
here.

My feet hurt because I walked a lot.

I walked so much that my feet hurt.

Istanbul and Mardin are very interesting cities.

Istanbul and Mardin are such interesting cities.

It was a nice day, so Vera decided to walk to work.

It was such a nice day that Vera decided to walk to work.

Lesson B - Vocabulary Films and TV

Complete the paragraph.

Josie couldn't watch the football match because it wasn't broadcast in her city. However, most of the
game was captured on camera, so she was able to watch it on the Internet later. She enjoyed watching it,
even though she didn't get to see all of the game because some of it had been cut.

Complete the paragraph.

My favourite programme is a comedy where actors perform short plays called sketches. There's a
presenter
who talks to the audience at the beginning and end of the programme. The programme is on once
a week – there's a new episode
every Saturday. A lot of people enjoy watching it – the programme has so many viewers
that it's been on for decades!
Complete the paragraph.
Editors do most of their work after a film or programme has been filmed. They put all the shots
together to create the final version of the film that will be captured.

Complete the paragraph.

For most television programmes, the actors have to remember their lines from a script.
However, there are some series where the cast improvise, or make up what they say.

Complete the paragraph.

Actors aren't the only important people involved in filming. They wouldn't know what to do
without directors telling them, and the film wouldn't get made at all without the staff hired by
the producers. And no one would be able to hear or see the actors well without the
technical crew. After the film has been put together, music for the soundtrack is added.

Complete the paragraph.

When Rory asked Katie to marry him, he made sure the moment was captured on video and in a
photo. He posted a shot on social media. At their engagement party, he showed the video. He had
used music from Katie's favourite film as the soundtrack. It was very sweet!

Complete the paragraph.

I really enjoy watching programmes from Japan, but I can't watch them when they're broadcast
– it's the middle of the night here! I can usually watch every episode
of the programmes online. A lot of the programmes' viewers
are from other countries, so many series are posted online.

Complete the paragraph.

Last night, the presenter of my favourite TV series announced that he's leaving the show. He's
made several popular films, so he wants to focus on acting. His next film is actually going to
be released this autumn!

Complete the paragraph.

The film's budget was very small. In order to save money, the producer made sure that the
director didn't hire a famous cast. They also hired film students to do sound and lighting, instead
of hiring a professional crew.

Complete the paragraph.

There are some famous comedies where, instead of using a script, the actors make up their lines.
The director tells them what they should talk about, and they film the same scene several times.
Then the editor only includes the funniest scenes in the film – everything else is cut.
Vocabulary- Houses
Look at the picture and complete the sentence.
Delia loves living in a cottagebasement. She loves how quiet it is, and she enjoys sitting by the fi
reside in the evening – there are two chimneys, so she can have a fire in the living room or the kit
chen, but she doesn't have a fire in the bedroom upstairs.

Complete the paragraph.

Nora and Jesse both live in the city, but their homes are very different. Nora lives in a terraced
house with neighbours on both sides, but Jesse's got a big detached house with a beautiful
garden all round it.
Complete the paragraph.
This old cottage was built in 1720. There is a small bedroom upstairs in the attic. It also has a
chimney
because many years ago, people used to keep warm by sitting next to the fire.

Complete the conversation.

A: Have you found a new house yet?
B: Yes, I've found this really nice Semi-detached
house, and I've met the people who live in the other side – they seem very friendly.
A: That's great! Has it got a garden?
B: Yes, but it's not very big – there's a fence
to separate it from the neighbours' garden.

Complete the conversation.

A: Is that where your grandparents live?
B: Yes! They moved into their bunglow
last year because they couldn't manage the stairs in their old house any more.
A: I wouldn't like to live in a house like that, I'd miss having an upstairs!
B: I know what you mean, but they have got an attic. It's pretty small, but they can store things
like suitcases up there.

Complete the conversation.

We love spending the weekend at our cottage
in the countryside. It's such a contrast to our semi-detached
house in the city!

Complete the paragraph.

My dad loves wine – he's got over 100 bottles downstairs in the cellar
! It's lucky that he lives in a detached house, because he wouldn't have anywhere to keep his
wine if he lived in a flat!
Complete the paragraph.
My aunt and uncle live in a terraced house in the centre of town, so it's not very big. But they've
got a huge basement downstairs – last year, they cleared it out, and now there's a table-tennis
table and a home cinema there! It's great!

Complete the conversation.

A: When I was a child, we used to live in a bunglow
, so I loved going to houses that had stairs.
B: Really? I can't imagine stairs being so fascinating!
A: I know, but when you haven't got them, they are! My favourite place was the attic
in my grandparents' house. You had to climb lots of stairs to reach it!

Complete the conversation.

A: Wow! I grew up in this terrace, and it's hardly changed at all.
B: Was it difficult, living so close to lots of people?
A: No, I loved it. My friends and I used to run through the passage and climb the
to get into other people's back gardens! We used fence to get into a lot of trouble!

Grammar: Causative have / get 1

1. Put the words in the correct order.

I’m getting my nails done today.
He had his phone stolen by someone on the bus.

2. Choose the sentence that means the same as the first one.
Rose finished her essay.
Rose got her essay finished.

Choose the sentence that means the same as the first one.
Someone took Luke's ID card.
Luke had his ID card taken.

Choose the sentences that mean the same as the first one.
Diana is going to pay someone to fix her sink.
1Diana is going to have her sink fixed.
2 Diana is going to get her sink fixed.

Complete the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
The zip on Rita's handbag broke, so she got/had
it repaired at a local shop. The worker got it fixed quickly.

Complete the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
Bruno had his bike stolen last week. His mum gave him her old one, but there was something
wrong with the tyres, so he got/had them fixed. The person at the repair shop took a while, but
he finally got it done.
Complete the sentence.
I hate paying to get my hair done, so I do it myself.

Complete the sentences.

I had my wallet stolen on the bus last week, and this week I had my phone taken on the
underground. I can't believe I'm so unlucky!

My mother had her portrait drawn in the park many years ago. The artist worked very quickly –
he
got it finished in about 15 minutes. Unfortunately, while my mum was sitting for the portrait, she
had her handbag taken.

Grammar: Causative have / get 2

Complete the sentence. Use causative have / get and the words in brackets.
My car's a mess! I need to have it cleaned / get it cleaned (it / clean).

Complete the sentence. Use causative have / get and the words in brackets.
Last year, Joelle had her heart broken (her heart / break). However, she recently met someone
new and is very happy.

Complete the sentence. Use causative have / get and the words in brackets.
Zoe loves to sew. To raise money for her school, she made bags and sold them online.
And she was so fast! She got ten bags sewn (ten bags / sew) in one day!

Complete the sentences. Use a reflexive pronoun or causative have / get and the words in
brackets.
My mum gets her house cleaned / has her house cleaned
(her house / clean) once a week. She used to clean it herself, but she's too old now.

Complete the sentence. Use causative have / get and the words in brackets.
Yesterday Beatrice had her laptop stolen (her laptop / steal) on the train, so she wasn't able to
get her work done (her work / do).

Complete the sentence. Use a reflexive pronoun or causative have / get and the words in
brackets.

I normally do my makeup myself, but I'm getting it done / having it done (it / done) for my
wedding.

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use causative
have / get and the correct form of the words in bold.

Leo is going to pay someone to paint his house.

Leo is going to have his house painted / get his house painted.
Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use causative
have / get and the correct form of the words in bold.

Someone stole my bank card last week.

I had my bank card stolen last week.

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use
causative have / get and the correct form of the words in bold.

Pedro has to clean his room before his parents get home.
Pedro has to get his room cleaned before his parents get home.

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. Use a reflexive
pronoun or causative have / get and the correct form of the words in bold.
Lucas didn't want to pay someone to wash his car, so he did it.
Lucas didn't want to pay to have his car washed / get his car washed so he did it himself.

Lesson C -
Listening: House Hunting 1
1. What's the main reason Aiden is looking for a house?
He'd like an attic.
He must find one for his job.
He wants to live in the town centre.
His budget is stretched.

2. What is Aiden going to do in the house?

help make a film
tidy up the attic
paint the walls a lighter colour
change how it looks

3. Why can't Aiden rent a house and a cottage?

It would be too expensive.
The producer would get upset.
Driving between them would take too much time.
It would make the actors unhappy.

4. Why doesn't Aiden rent the first house?

There's too much traffic nearby.
There isn't an attic.
It isn't old enough.
There's only a ladder to the attic.

Listen to the conversation and choose the true sentences.

Tom thinks the cast will be pleased with the house.
The living room needs a lot of work.
The attic walls are clean.
The attic already looks frightening.

Listen to the conversation and choose the true sentences.

Tom and Aiden will have to get something repainted.
Tom and Aiden need to find some old toys and furniture.
Tom and Aiden have everything they need.
Aiden is going to deliver something.

Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answers.

ay
Which of these sentences are true about Aiden?
He's respected at his job.
He's thoughtful.
He's loyal.
He makes an effort to do well.

Listening: House Hunting 2

Speaking: Imagining how things could be; Using vague language 1
Read and listen to the conversation.

Which phrases are vague?

We could put the plants by the window.
This could be a sort of dining area.
I could imagine the bed over there.
We could put a rug or something over there.

Complete the conversation.

This would be a great study area! We could put our books
over there in the corner.
B: And this could be a kind of recording area for my music. This place is great!

Complete the conversation.

A: I really like this kitchen. It's got a place for everything! My pots and pans and things like that
could go over here.
B: And we could put a small table or something like that over there, so we don't need a dining
room.

Complete the conversation.

A: Wow! This living room is huge! I can imagine a big sofa right here in the corner.
B: And this would make a great play area for the children. I could eat dinner and keep an eye on them.
Complete the conversation.

A: This bedroom is too small for anything but a bed.

B: Yes, but it could be a great home office.
A: Yeah, maybe. We could put all our files, project folders and so on
in here.
B: And we could put two desks in here – one for each of us!

Complete the second set of sentences so they have the same meaning as the first. Use vague
language and the language for imagining how things could be.

This small room will be a design studio. I can put my fabric, thread, design books and sewing
supplies in here.
This small room would be/could be a design studio. I could put my fabric and things like that in
here.

Complete the second set of sentences so they have the same meaning as the first. Use vague
language and the language for imagining how things could be.

We could put our coats, hats, gloves and shoes here, and I think a washing machine would be
good here.
We could put our coats and things like that here, and I can imagine a washing machine here.

Complete the second set of sentences so they have the same meaning as the first. Use vague
language and the language for imagining how things could be.

This room is great for band practice. My drum kit can go over here. And over there is a good
place for a sofa, chairs or a bench, so our friends could watch us practise.
This would / could make a great room for band practice. I could put my drum kit over here. And
we could
put a sofa or something / something like that over there for our friends to watch us while we
practise.

Complete the second conversation so it is vaguer than the first.

A: This space would be perfect for a separate area where we could work on sewing and art
projects.
B: Yes! We could keep our paint, paint brushes, paper, scissors and pencils over here.

A: This could be a kind / sort

of arts and crafts area.
B: Yes! We could keep our paint and things / so on / things like that
over here.

Complete the second conversation so it is vaguer than the first.

A: I can imagine this as a place to store our sports equipment.
B: Yes, but we'd need to get some cabinets or shelves for everything.
A: I can imagine this as a kind / sort of storage area for our sports equipment.
B: Yes, but we'd need to get some cabinets or something / things like that for everything.

Note: You need to do recording by your own.

Lesson D Reading: Email: Complaining about an important issue

Read the emails and choose the correct answer.

1. What's the complaint mainly about?
 A change in the plans.
2. What are Trevor's complaints?
 The company won't give important information.
 The residents aren't sure if they'll get a place they need for their children's
education.
 No one asked local people for their thoughts.

3. The people in the town don’t know where the new school will be
4. What steps has Trevor already taken?

 He's tried to find out where the school will be.

 He's called a politician.
5. What requests does Trevor make?
 Stop the office from being built in the town.
 Make the company tell us about employment opportunities.
 Don't work on the office before deciding where the school will go.
 Make sure that people who live there can give feedback on the plan.

6. What are Trevor's next steps?

o contact reporters
o tell people to call their local politicians
7. What is Trevor passionate about?
 local children's education
 creating jobs for people in his community
 involving residents in community decisions

Writing: using formal language

Read the sentences. Are they formal or informal? Choose the correct labels
1.I'm just getting in touch about doing volunteer work with you this weekend.
Informal
2. I am writing regarding last month's telephone bill because I was overcharged.
Formal
3. I can't wait to hear from you!
Informal
4. I look forward to a prompt reply.
 Formal

1. Everyone's worried about the new factory.

informal
2. Get back to me in a couple of days.
informal
3. There is a great deal of concern about the school lunches.
formal
4. If I do not hear from you within two days, I will contact the mayor's office.
formal
5. I want you to give me back the extra money you charged me.
Informal

1. I think what you're doing is illegal. (Informal)

2. I would like to formally request that you credit my account for the money you
overcharged me. (Formal)
3. We think you should fix the traffic lights straight away – they're really dangerous!
(Informal)
4. I believe that what you are doing is against the law, as well as a danger to the
community. (Formal)
5. We understand that you are busy, but the pavement needs to be repaired immediately.
(Formal)

Read a formal email of complaint. Put the paragraphs in the correct order.

1Paragraph D
2 Paragraph A
3 Paragraph C
4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph B

Read an email of complaint. Choose a paragraph for each description.

The request for action
Paragraph E
The background on the complaint
Paragraph A
What actions the writer has already taken
Paragraph C
What the writer will do next if no action is taken
Paragraph B
The purpose of the email
Paragraph D
Complete the portion of the email of complaint with the most formal language.
To Whom It May Concern,

I am writing regarding the city's plan to close the Murrayfield Playground. There is a
great deal of concern about the effect this will have on our local community. We
understand that the city's budget is stretched, but residents need to be able to give feedback on
this plan. I believe that what you are doing will harm community members' quality of life.
Complete the portion of the email of complaint with the most formal language.

I would like to formally request that a community meeting be held to address this issue, and that
all plans are stopped until the community can give their input.
If I do not hear from you within two days, I am going to reach out to the media, so people can
be informed of this issue. I look forward to a prompt reply.

Yours faithfully,
Sam Lee

Complete the second version of the email of complaint so it's more formal than the first.

I'm writing about the plan to build a new road next to the school. Everyone's worried about how
the air pollution and noise will affect the students. We think you should have involved local
residents in this decision.

I am writing regarding the plan to build a new road next to the school. There is a great deal of
concern about the effects of the air pollution and noise on the students. Local residents
should have been involved in this decision.

Complete the second version of the email of complaint so it's more formal than the first.

I think it's illegal to not involve the community at all in this decision – our kids are the ones in
that school all day! I would like to ask you to hold public meetings before the project goes any
further. Get back to me in a
Note: Students need to write it by their own

Academic Skills - Unit -07

Lesson 1, Lead-in
Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning for the words in bold.
1. hold … views
-to have opinions

2. adopts a ... stance

- to take a position
3. shift in position
- a change in someone's point of view

4. raise ... objections

- to express disagreement or opposition

5. gives ... objective account

- to provide a description which is based on facts, not personal belief or opinion

6. balanced view
- an opinion which looks at and evaluates both sides of an issue

7. As far as I'm concerned

- used to express a personal opinion

8. perspective
- a particular way of considering an issue

Reading 1: Identifying opinion

Correct Answers:
1. Yes
2. No
3. Not given
4. No
5. Yes
6. Not given
Listening 1: Identifying opinion
Correct Answers:
1. Lisa Perk
2. Cindy Holland
3. the presenter
4. Netflix
5. Sonja Lyubomirski

Reading 2: Identifying stance

Correct Answers:
1. For
2. positives
3. my position
4. Supporting evidence
5. eyesight
6. Supporting evidence
7. consuming more food
Reading 3: Inferring meaning

Correct Answers:

1. Section E
2. Section C
3. Section B
4. Section A
5. Section D

Listening 2: Identifying opinion

Correct Answers:

1. Man
2. Woman
3. Woman
4. Both
5. Man
6. Man
Language focus: Commenting on opinions

1. stance
2. exactly

1. I'm concerned
2. up to

1. I feel
2. about

4.) Correct Answers:

1. View
2. Saying

5.) Correct Answers:

1. raising
2. Mentioned

6.) Correct Answers:

1. perspective
2. agree
Extension Activity: Unit- 07
Lesson-01, Reading Extension
1.) Correct answers:
1. Steve
2. Matt
3. Martin
4. Sarah

2.) Correct answers:

1. Most of them had failed to complete at least one DIY task.
2. Because he could have hurt himself more seriously than he actually did.
3. She had to pay for two separate things as a result of Steve's accident.
4. Hitting part of her body against something.
5. She eventually finished the DIY task.
6. He probably wouldn't have made the same mistake during the daytime.

Unit 7 Writing Extension

// Depends on students skill, evaluation by teacher

Listening Extension
1.) Correct answers:
1. In the city Centre
2. Outside the city Centre
3. Generally

2.) Correct Answers:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. False
7. False
8. True

Unit 7 Speaking Extension

Students will have to record answers by themselves
Unit Progress Test: Unit – 07, Part_1

Question 1
Ans: suggesting some ideas for the party
Question 2
Ans: not enough

Question 3
Ans: persuading

Question 4
Ans: warning the woman about a restaurant

Question 5
Ans: describing plans for the future

Question 6
Ans: disappointed by the acting

Question 7
Ans: trying not to hurt the man's feelings

Question 8
Ans: persuading the man to agree with something

Part_2

Question 9
Ans: transport

Question 10
Ans: traffic

Question 11
Ans: Quality

Question 12
Ans: terraced

Question 13
Ans: basement

Question 14
Ans: fence

Question 15
Ans: passage

Question 16
Ans: Cottage
Part_3
Please note that there may be more than one possible answer for each question.

Question 17
Ans: Urban development

Question 18
Ans: residents

Question 19
Ans: Air pollution

Question 20
Ans: Parking spaces

Question 21
Ans: terrace

Question 22
Ans: Chimney

Question 23
Ans: attic

Question 24
Ans: bungalow

Part-4
Question 25
Ans: enough space

Question 26
Ans: so

Question 27
Ans: got one built

Question 28
Ans: turned

Question 29
Ans: have another added

Question 30
Ans: big enough
Question 31
Ans: done

Question 32
Ans: too many

Part-5

Please note that there may be more than one possible answer for each question.
Question 33
Ans: too much

Question 34
Ans: too little

Question 35
Ans: not enough

Question 36
Ans: such a long

Question 37
Ans: his car window broken

Question 38
Ans: get the stadium finished

Question 39
Ans: had my bag stolen

Question 40
Ans: am having my apartment painted
 Unit-8 Dilemma
Vocabulary: Money and Finance – 1
1. donations
2. debt
3. a saving
4. income, budget
5. interest rate, investment
6. donations
7. saving
8. interest rates
9. income, debt
10. budget, investment
Vocabulary: Money and Finance – 2
1. make a living
2. debit
3. donate to charities
4. putting aside savings, paying off debt
5. finance the project, award him a grant
6. make a living
7. debits, account
8. put aside, savings
9. finance the project, pay off
10. awarded, grant, donate, charity
Grammar: First and Second Conditionals – 1
1. If William pays off his debt, he’ll be able to buy no guitar
2. If Holly had more money, she’d donate more to charity
3. If the university awards Zara a grant, she’s going to start a research project
4. If you need help, let me know. If I see Marcia tomorrow, I’ll give her back her sweater
5. If I had a garden, I’d plant lots of flowers. If I were you, I’d invest more of my money.
6. is able, will manage
7. are saving, are doing, ’d
8. leave, ’ll get, don’t leave, should still be
9. ’d move, left, wouldn’t
10. ’ve washed, came, wasn’t, ’d eat
Grammar: First and Second Conditionals – 2
1. had, would buy
2. did, would start
3. crash, ’ll be, won’t let
4. were, would draw up, would have, spent
5. ’d love to come, wasn’t so tired
6. get, ’ll keep, don’t, won’t have
7. you don’t remind, might not remember
 8. need, call, isn’t able, I’ll let
9. wants, should start, wants, I’ll have to get, cared, wouldn’t work
10. ’re going, take, ’s, may have, were, ’d find
Vocabulary: Crime - 1
1. arrested, theft, lying
2. broke into, burglary
3. trial, accused, murder, cheat, kidnapping
4. suspect, witnesses, evidence, court
5. jury, verdict, guilty, bribery, judge
6. judge, sentence, murder
7. trial, accused, breaking into, suspect
8. witnesses, evidence, lying, kidnapping
9. arrested, burglary, court, robbery, bribery
10. cheat, jury, verdict, guilty, theft
Vocabulary: Crime - 2
1. shoplifter, liar, lying, shoplifting
2. cheating, cheat
3. murderer, murdering,
4. kidnapper, kidnap, steal, bribe
5. thief, rob, robber, burglar, burgle
6. burglar, burgle, thief
7. murdering, rob, murderer
8. steal, shoplifter, shoplifting
9. kidnapped, kidnapper, robber
10. cheating, cheat, liar, bribed
Grammar: Third conditional; should have + past participle 1
1. If Don hadn’t told me the car was second hand, I wouldn’t have known
2. If Linda had studied, she would have done better in the test.
3. We’re so late! If we had walked, we would have been sooner
4. shouldn't have left
5. should’ve been, hadn’t been, would’ve been
6. had filled, wouldn’t have had, should have filled
7. hadn’t got, would be
8. wouldn’t have asked, hadn’t told, should have asked
9. hadn’t had, would have dropped, hadn’t had, wouldn’t have got
10. hadn’t seen, wouldn’t have known, ’d be, should have messaged
Grammar: Third conditional; should have + past participle 2
1. had, would,
2. would, had
3. hadn’t gone, wouldn’t have met
4. had entered, would have won
5. had started, would be
6. didn’t have, would have left
 7. hadn’t been, wouldn’t have missed
8. should’ve listened, had been, wouldn’t have broken
9. had finished, would make, should have studied
10. couldn’t have bought, hadn’t saved, should have started, had started, wouldn’t have
Listening: Job hunting 1
1. helping a friend describe his qualifications and experience
2. He hasn’t heard back from any of the jobs he’s applied for
3. His CV could be better
4. His work experience is in the wrong order.
His CV doesn't include information on how he's been successful.
5. He accused a significant boost in the number of volunteers
He got people to donate the most money
6. check for mistakes, is thinks
Speaking: Being encouraging; Showing you have things in common 1
1. sure, fine, similar
2. the same with, just like
3. hope, thing, work out, never
4. 2, 1, 3, 4
5. give, hope
6. sure, fine
7. feeling, just, similar
8. just like, same, happened
9. same with, might, fine
10. never, just like, when
Reading: Review: The City & the City
1. a book
2. rarely, better
3. She doesn’t think they’re very interesting. She thinks the characters are too alike
4. solves crimes, who killed someone, an imaginary
5. They are located exactly in the same place.
It’s illegal for the residents from the different cities to notice each other
6. It explore new ideas about cities
The story of one of the character’s lives is very interesting
7. a book about people exploring a new world
Writing: Organising a review
1. one of the, The other, enjoyed
2. number one, must
3. pulled me into, put, down, highly
4. C, A, D, B
5. B, D, A, C
6. number one, must
7. One of the things, enjoy, The other thing
8. pulled me into, put it down, highly
Writing: A review
Write a review of a book, film or TV programme that you loved as a child. Write the review
as if you had recently read the book or watched the film or TV programme for the first time.

Here are some ideas:

 Introduce the book, film or TV programme and give information about it.
 Outline the plot and introduce the main characters.
 Outline its key strengths and your opinion.
 Give a summary of the review and a final positive recommendation.

I am glad to introduce my favourite latest movie. It is The Beautiful Game has an

undeniable warmth that further elevates an already irresistible true story, helping this
inspirational drama score despite a reliance on well-worn clichés.

Mal (Bill Nighy, Living, About Time) is the manager of England's homeless football team,
taking his players to Rome with the hope of being crowned champions of the Homeless World
Cup, a global street soccer tournament. At the last minute he decides to bring with them a
talented striker Vinny (Micheal Ward, Empire of Light, The Book of Clarence), who could
give them a real chance at winning, but only if he's ready to let go of his past and become part
of the team. Made with the support of the Homeless World Cup, The Beautiful Game is a film
of second chances where homeless teams from around the world find that all roads lead to
Rome, and everything's to play for.

Reading Extension
1. Money Garden,
2. Check My Money
3. Money Worker
4. Money Worker
5. Money Garden
6. Check My Money
2. False, True, True, True, True, False, True, False

Writing Extension
Write a paragraph about how you manage your money.

Write about:

 how good or bad you are at managing money

 whether you put aside savings regularly or spend your money as you get it
 how often you make a budget (e.g., every week, month, year or never)
 who you ask / would ask for advice about managing money.

Managing money effectively involves a combination of budgeting, saving, investing, and being
mindful of your financial goals. Here are some steps you can take to manage your money better:
I will start by listing your income and expenses. Allocate your income towards necessities like
rent/mortgage, utilities, groceries, transportation, and debt payments. Then, allocate some to
savings and discretionary spending. I shall keep a record of your expenses to see where your
money is going. There are various apps and tools available to help you with this, or you can
simply use a spreadsheet. I aim to save at least three to six months' worth of living expenses in
an emergency fund. This fund will provide a safety net in case of unexpected expenses or a
loss of income. Before making a purchase, especially a significant one, ask myself if it aligns
with my financial goals and if I really need it. Periodically review my budget, expenses, and
financial goals. I will make adjustments as needed to stay on track.
Listening Extension
1. a robbery in a shop, shoplifting, burglaries, a successful arrest
2. You may earn money if the information is useful
They were both probably involved in the robbery
The thief attacked a young woman
Some of the burglaries were partly the residents’ fault
Listeners have helped the police to identify them
Speaking Extension
Record yourself talking about crime where you live. Answer the questions.

 What kinds of crimes are most common where you live?

 How do the police ask the public for help?
 Do you think TV or radio programmes like the one you listened to are useful? Why /
Why not?

Where I live, the most common crimes tend to be related to theft, vandalism, and occasionally,
petty assaults. The police usually ask for public assistance through various means such as social
media posts, community meetings, press releases, and sometimes even through direct door-to-
door inquiries in affected neighbourhoods. They may also utilize platforms like TV and radio
programs to broadcast information about ongoing investigations, suspects, or to ask for tips
from the public.
I do think that TV or radio programs can be useful in raising awareness and soliciting help from
the community. They have the potential to reach a wide audience, including people who might
not be active on social media or other online platforms where such requests for help are
commonly posted. Additionally, these programs can provide detailed information about
crimes, suspects, and safety tips, which can empower citizens to take proactive measures to
protect themselves and their communities. However, their effectiveness may vary depending
on the audience's engagement and the relevance of the information being conveyed.
Academic Skills: Lead In
1. money laundering
identify theft
white-collar crime
tax evasion
forgery
false accounting
hacking
embezzlement
Listening: 1 Recognising signposting language
will be divided
will focus on
go on to
Finally
will deal with
let’s continue by
mentioned earlier
a brief summary
now turn to

Listening: 2 Listening for key points

4, 1, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5
Reading 1: Identifying main points
1. the expansion of the web
2. deceiving people into giving away personal financial details
3. a range of different criminals
4. do it to suit their own aims
5. often start with small sums
6. was very well planned
7. is equal to the GDP of a large country
Reading 2: Reading for detail
1. crossing the Atlantic
2. were not very rich
3. the printed bills were genuine
4. after people had paid him
5. couldn’t afford to repair the Eiffel Tower
6. was shamed
Reading 3: Understanding main ideas
False, True, True, False, True, True, False, False
Listening 3: Summarising ideas
Scotland, shares, gold, government, wealth, matches, banks, expensive, investors
 Unit-9 Digital Workbook
Highlighted word is the answer
Vocabulary: Health 1
1. A: Are you OK?
B: Not really. My back hurts. I was lifting some heavy boxes yesterday and I strained it.
2. A: I heard you hurt your ankle.
B: I did. It was really painful. The doctor gave me some medicine to treat the pain. It still aches a bit,
but it doesn't hurt as much as it did.
3. A: What happened to your forehead? It's all black and blue.B: I got this bruise when I bumpe
d my head on the car door. I just wasn't paying attention.
4. A: Could you pass me a tissue, please? I think I'm going to sneeze
B: Here you go. Are you allergic to something? A: Ahhh-choo! No, the doctor thinks it's an
infection.
5. A: I heard you coughing Are you ill?
B: A bit. I felt fine yesterday, but now I think I'm coming down with
a cold.
6. She fell off her bike and it landed on her leg. She didn't cut herself, but she does have a bruise.
7. Yesterday, Tony strained his neck. He sat at his computer in one position too long, and it
started hurting. He really needs to move more throughout the day.
8. A: I've got a sore throat and a cough. I've been drinking lots of tea and sleeping a lot, but I
don't feel any better.
B: You might have a serious infection. You should go to the doctor, so you can get some
medicine to treat it.
9. A: What happened to your knee?
B: Oh, I bumped it on the table when I was getting up. It hurt a lot. Actually, it still aches a
bit.
10. A: Can you please cover your mouth when you cough? B: Yes. I'm sorry. A: You should go to
bed and get some rest. I think you're starting to come down with something!
B: I'm not ill; I've just visited my sister. She got a new cat, and it makes me sneeze. That’s why
I'm carrying this box of tissues!

Vocabulary: Health 2
1. It's important to eat a healthy diet. If you eat too much fat and sugar, you could
develop serious health.

2. A: I feel like the room is spinning. I think I might lose consciousness

B: If you're feeling dizzy you should sit down. You don't want to fall.

3. Nurse: After you fell, did you stay awake? Or did you lose consciousness?
Patient: I stayed awake.
Nurse: Are you cold? I see you're shivering now.
Patient: Yes, I'm freezing! It's really cold in here.

4. A: Dean looks a lot healthier than he was. It looks like he's finally starting to get over the flu.
B: Do you think so? The last time I saw him, he still looked ill. His skin was really pale and
he could hardly speak.
 5. A: How did you get that scar on your arm? You must have had a huge cut!
B: Once, when I was a child, I was playing outside all day. It was really hot, but I didn't drink
any water. When I got home, I felt dizzy. I felt very sleepy, and in the end I fainted and fell
into a glass table. I had to go to the hospital because I'd cut myself so badly.

6. Wayne's got the flu. He's got a high temperature, but he feels cold. In fact, he can't stop
shivering.

7. It's important to go to the doctor when you're ill – if something like the flu isn't treated, you
can develop a more serious illness. Plus, you may feel better sooner because the doctor can
give you medicine to help you get over your illness more quickly.

8. I need to eat frequently, or I feel ill. If I don't eat often enough, my face gets really pale. If I
still don't eat, then I lose consciousness. I usually wake up after a minute or two, but it's still
something I prefer to avoid.

9. Dizzy, faint

10. When Stephen was little, he fell off his bike and landed on his head. He had a bad cut and he
lost consciousness. He quickly woke up, but his parents were still worried. They took him to
the hospital, where the doctors checked him and treated his cut. He still has a big-scar- from
the cut on the top of his head, but otherwise he's fine.

Grammar: Relative clauses 1

Answers are highlighted in bold font
1. The woman who lives downstairs is a scientist. The lab where she works is in the
town centre.
2. The car that Daryl just bought is red. This soup, which I made with my mother's
recipe, is my dad's favorite.
3. Person: who, that Place:where Thing: that, which Possession-whose Time: when
4. The school that I go to is pretty small. I know everyone who goes there.
5. Does anyone know the name of the man who just left? I've found a wallet, and I'm not sur
e whose it is. It may be his.
6. A: Do you know where I can get a coffee around here?
B: There's a great place down the road, but they're probably busy they're always full in the
mornings, when everyone is going to work.
7. A: The school where I went as a child is just over there.
B: Hey! I think my best friend went there. It's the same school that I've seen in his old
photos.

8. A: Excuse me; I'm looking for someone who can help me choose a new phone. B: I can
help. What are the features you're looking for? A: Well, it needs to have a good camera.
The artist I work for, who I really want to impress wants me to start taking pictures of
his work to post on social media, so I need something that can take really good pictures.
9. A: Where is the restaurant that you were talking about?
B: It's just around the corner, but it gets really busy on days when people don't have to
work. It's the weekend, so it'll probably be very crowded at the moment.
A: OK. Is there another place that you'd like to eat at?
 10. Our trip to Prague which is one of the most beautiful cities I've ever seen, was absolutely
wonderful. The place where we stayed was right in the centre of town, and the
woman whose house it was took very good care of us. Her son, who worked at a local
tour company, gave us a free tour of the Old Town!

Grammar: Relative clauses 2

Complete the sentence with the correct relative pronoun. If no word is needed, put X.
There may be more than one correct answer.
1. The time when I got the flu wasn't fun, but I got over it eventually.
2. I had a fever and I was shivering, which are both common symptoms of the flu. Still, I decided
to go to the hospital because I was feeling really bad.
3. The hospital that I went to was great. The doctor who treated me was very kind.
4. The nurse, whose sister goes to the same college as me, was very helpful. I highly recommend
the hospital that/which I went to. It's the kind of place where patients are treated effectively
and with a lot of care.
5. You live in Ashville. My dad grew up there. Your house is next door to his old house. You live
in the town-where-- my dad-grew up---.The house-that/which--you live in is next door to his
old house.
6. There's a new concert venue in town. A lot of popular bands play there. My sister's dream is to
be a famous guitarist. She spends a lot of time there. There's a new concert venue in town-
that/which--a lot of popular bands play at. My sister, -whose---dream is to be a famous
guitarist, spends a lot of time there.
7. I work for that company. I like it. Someone I know got me the job. I've known him since we
were kids. I like the company--that I work for / which I work for / I work for / where I
work.I've known the person who/that got me the job since we were kids.
8. Liam offered to help me write the essay. He is a very good writer. I'm glad he agreed to help
me. He wants to meet at a library, but it's very far away. Liam,-who is a very good writer,
offered to help me write the essay. I'm glad he agreed to help me, but the library where he
wants to meet is very far away.
9. Aisha got her nursing degree at that university. It's well known for its medical course. Her
mum went there, too. The university-where--Aisha got her nursing degree--is----well known
for its medical course. It's the same university-that/which--- her mum-went--to.
10. Quincy,-whose--- cough was terrible yesterday, seems to be getting better. He'll probably get
ill again soon, though – he gets ill really easily,----which---. is very unfortunate. The doctor,-
who/whom---- he sees all the time, is now one of his best friends. On the days—when/that----
he sees that doctor, he's usually in a better mood, even if he still doesn't feel well.

Vocabulary: Verbs describing thought and knowledge 1

1. While I was making an important presentation at work, I noticed that people were looking
at me strangely. After the meeting, I checked my clothes, and I saw that I had a stain on my
shirt. I –had no idea------it was there! It was very embarrassing.
2. I used to think Randall was rude, but I eventually----came-
to the conclusion that he's just straightforward, and he doesn't like small talk. However, he
really is a good friend.
3. A: Where is Annie? She's over an hour late! B: I don't know for sure, but I -assume----
she's got a good reason – she's never late, so something must have happened.
4. A: What should we get Javier for his birthday?
B: Well, he was just complaining that he's got too much stuff in his flat, so I-suspect----he
would probably prefer something small. Or maybe we could just take him out for dinner!
 5. A: I think our new colleague seems rather arrogant. I was in the lift with her today and she
wouldn't even say hi!
B: I thought that, too, at first. But then we started working on a project together, and I --
realized-- she's just really shy. Once you get to know her, she's very nice.
6. A: I used to think things would get easier once I'd been working here for a while, but I've
come to the--conclusion----that it's always going to be difficult. B: I know the feeling.
When I started working here, I--had--no idea that it would be so gruelling!
7. I---had no idea-------Miguel was such a talented artist, and that he sells his paintings for a
lot of money. B: I know. When he told me he painted, I just--assumed----it was a hobby.
But then when I went to one of his art exhibitions and saw people paying lots of money for
his paintings, I---realized---that it was more than something he just did for fun.

Vocabulary: Verbs describing thought and knowledge 2

1. Recently, my mother got a scam call saying that a stolen car had been found with a lot
of stolen money. The person said they were with the police, and that she was a suspect
in the crime. She trusts everyone, so she---assumed----they were telling the truth. She
got very scared.
2. The police would never just call someone like that, but my mother didn't know this –
she –had no--idea-that getting a call like that from the police wasn't normal.
3. Next, the man on the phone told my mum that he wanted to help her, but he could only
do it if she gave him her credit card number over the phone. At this point, she started
to-suspect--it might be a scam.
4. She looked up 'credit card number scam' and found that it definitely was a scam! She
came to the-conclusion-----that the person she was talking to was a criminal, not a
police officer.
5. Soon, the person on the phone--realised----she had figured it out, and hung up
immediately. She called the real police.
6. The police said they had received several calls from local residents about this scam.
They had—come to---the conclusion that it might be someone in the neighborhood.
7. They finally found the suspect, who turned out to be a local teenager. His mother had
actually called about the scam, because her son had bought a lot of new things, and she
had--no----idea how he'd got the money.

Grammar: Reported speech; Reporting verbs 1

1. Ivan said he didn't know where he was.
2. Margot said she wasn't sure whether she'd got the job.
3. Renee: I'd like to buy your car.
Daniel: I'm sorry, but I've already sold it. Renee said she wanted to buy Daniel's car, but he
informed her that he had already sold it.
4. Miles: Can you help me move on Saturday?
Antony: I'm not sure – I may have to work that day. Miles asked—if Antony could---help--
him--move on Saturday, but Antony said that he –was not----sure; he—might have---to work
that day.
5. Alonzo: Did you report the scam to the police?
Beatrice: I tried to, but I couldn't get anyone to call me back from the police station. I think I
might go down there tomorrow. 1 if she'd reported 2 'd tried 3 couldn't 4 her 5 might 6 the
next day
6. Rachel says that she's been to Belize several times, but she wishes she could go more often.
She regrets buying a new car. Now she realizes that it was a mistake.
7. Laura denied stealing Melissa's phone, and she promised to return it if she found it.
However, Melissa thought she was lying – she believed that she had taken it, and ordered her
to return it. However, Laura still said she didn't know where it was.
 8. Correct answers:1 she'd love 2 us that she'd 3 having 4 me to say
9. Correct answers:1 that we would go 2 me that he 3 to call 4 that he'll do 5 him to do
10. Correct answers:1 he was 2 to be 3 him to be 4 being
Grammar: Reported speech; Reporting verbs 2
1. Lana: I'm very disappointed the trip was a hoax. I've already paid £200!
Answer: 1 was 2 had been 3 She'd already paid
2. Celia: I've never been scuba diving, but I've been snorkelling before. Have you
been snorkeling before? Correct answers:1 she's never been 2 she's been 3 if I'd been
3. Doctor: Drink more water and avoid stress. If your blood pressure is high, I may
prescribe some new medication. Correct answers:1 me to drink 2 avoiding 3 my 4 was 5
she might prescribe
4. Teacher: Please read the answers to the test twice before you hand it in. Correct answers:
1 we read 2 we handed it in
5. Carlotta: I believe John is telling the truth.
Diego: I'm not so sure. I'm afraid he lies pretty frequently. Answers: 1. that John was telling
2. That he lied
6. (Male) Theatre employee: You can use your phones in the downstairs bar.
Us: Thank you. Where is it? We've never been here before. Correct answers:1 us (that) we
could use 2 him where it was 3 him (that) we'd never been
7. Mum: Please clean up your mess.
Us: We'll clean it up later. We promise!
Mum: No, clean it up now. Correct answers: 1 us to clean up our 2 to clean / her (that)
we'd clean 3 us to clean
8. Receptionist: Did you fill out the paperwork?
Juan: No, but I will as soon as I find my insurance documents. Answer-1 whether he'd filled
/ if he'd filled 2 hadn't 3 he would 4 he found his
9. Samir: Where are the snacks?
Katie: I forgot to pack them. I'm sorry I didn't bring them!
Samir: It's OK. Really. Can we buy some here? Correct Answers:1 where the snacks were
2 forgetting / (that) she had forgotten 3 not bringing 4 (that) it was 5 if they could buy /
whether they could buy
10. Ralph: What did you do when you found out that the email was a hoax?
Leo: I called the police immediately. They wanted me to tell them everything I remembered,
so I told them the whole story. Correct answers: 1 Leo what he did / Leo what he had done
2 he'd found out 3 had been 4 he'd called 5 'd wanted him 6 to tell
Listening: A misunderstanding 1
1. What do Annetta and Jonathan decide? Answer: to do something different than what
Jonathan had planned
2. What does Annetta think the surprise will be? Answer-eating lunch by the sea
3. Why doesn't Annetta like the surprise? Correct answers:1 She doesn't enjoy being on boats.
2 She's afraid of whales.
4. Why did Jonathan think that Annetta would like to go whale watching? Correct answers:
1 She likes to look at images of whales. 2 She owns a lot of clothes with pictures of whales.
5. Why doesn't Annetta want to go on the boat? Correct answers:1 Boats make her feel like
everything is spinning. 2 Boats make her feel sick. 3 She doesn't like being on the sea.
6. What do Jonathan and Annetta decide to do instead? Correct answers:1 get food from a
restaurant 2 have a meal on the beach 3 see the whales in a different way
7. Correct answers:1 going scuba diving 2 laid-back and sympathetic
Speaking: Expressing uncertainty; Clarifying a misunderstanding 1

1. Complete the conversation. Correct answers:1 haven't 2 a clue 3 that is

2. A: My nephew's birthday is coming up. He wants something called Street Blox. Correct
answers: 1 on earth 2 no idea
3. A: I can't wait to go to the Bahamas next month!
B: Wait. Didn't we say that we'd go to Belgium?
A: No, our tickets are for the Bahamas. Are you disappointed?
B: No! Now I'm even more excited!
4. Correct answers:1 get this wrong 2 understood
5. Correct answers:2 1 5 3 4
6. A: Are you ready to go see kabuki theatre tonight? What on earth is that?
7. A: OK, our burgers are ready! Here, yours is the vegetable burger.
B: Oh, I actually wanted a meat burger. Did they get the order wrong? Correct answers:
1 say that 2 thought that
8. A: Have you entered all the information into the Sales base system? B: I'm sorry. Correct
answers:1 haven't got a clue 2 understood that
9. A: Do you mind if I borrow your spatula? I'm cooking burgers on the grill and need to turn
them over.
B: I'm sorry. I have absolutely Correct answers1 no idea what 2 misunderstood
10. A: Are you ready to go to the cricket match? Correct answers: 1 Didn't we say 2 get this
wrong

Speaking: Expressing uncertainty; Clarifying a misunderstanding 2

Student Activity, Reading: Essay: The value of alternative medicine

Read the essay and choose the correct answer.

1. Which sentence best summarises the argument? Answer-Both conventional medicine
and herbal medicine should be considered.
2. Correct answers:
1 According to the author, people take conventional medicine too often.
2 The author thinks herbal remedies must be useful, since they've been used for so
long.
3. What reasons does the author give to support the use of herbal medicine? Correct
answers: 1 Over time, people who take conventional medicine may have to take
more for it to work. 2 Herbal medicine can be safer than conventional medicine.
4. What arguments does the author give against herbal medicine? Correct answers:
1 The government doesn't have rules to make sure herbal medicines are safe.
2 How well herbal medicine works depends on the abilities of the person who
made it.
5. What's the main point of paragraph 4? Correct answer: The best way to safely use
herbal medicines is with the guidance of someone who is qualified in medicine.
6. If the author was ill and needed medicine, what do you think he'd do first? Correct
answer: ask a doctor for advice
Writing: Presenting a series of arguments

1. There are several good reasons

for being vegan. First, by reducing our meat and dairy intake we could cut greenhouse gas emi
ssions by up to 50%.
2. Correct answers:1 argue 2 argument 3 ignore 4 believe
3. People often argue that no one should be able to drive until they are 21; teenagers can get distr
acted very easily. Furthermore, they may not have the life experience to make very good deci
sions. However, despite these arguments, in many countries people can get their driving licenc
e when they're still teenagers.
4. Correct answers:1 In addition 2 Consequently 3 Yet 4 In conclusion
5. Correct answers:1 Paragraph D 2 Paragraph C 3 Paragraph E 4 Paragraph A 5
Paragraph B
6. Correct answers:1 Paragraph D 2 Paragraph B 3 Paragraph C 4 Paragraph E
5 Paragraph A
7. Correct answers: 1 yet 2 Furthermore 3 Despite
8. Correct answers: 1 In addition 2 consequently 3 In conclusion
9. Correct answers:1 argue 2 argument 3 is that 4 not to ignore
10. Correct answers: 1 reasons 2 First 3 believe

Unit-9 Extension
Discoveries
Reading Extension

Read the article about Georges Méliès. Choose the correct number to order the events.

1. Correct Answers: 2, 5,1,4,7,3,6

Unit-9: Academic Extension
Lesson-1
Lead- in
1. Correct Answer: vaccination
2. Correct Answer: heart surgery
3. Medical imaging
4. Blood transfusion
5. A global Study
Listening 1: Listening for specific information

1. The original point of Keys' research was to find out why Ans: 1 heart disease occurred in
men in their forties and fifties who appeared quite fit.

2. Keys' original study was intended to compare Ans- those who had heart disease and those
who didn't.
 3. The first study in the US gave Keys an opportunity Ans- to test the same men every year
until they died.
4. The first people studied outside the US were in Italy.
5. The first finding of his research was Ans: a link between cholesterol and heart disease.

6. In the next phase of the research, Keys and White discovered Ans: heart attack rates were
lower in Mediterranean countries.

Listening 2: Listening for paraphrase

Correct Answers:
1 remote areas
2 representative
3 diet
4 levels
5 long-term
6 breakthrough

Reading 1: Understanding paraphrase

Correct Answers:
1 comparable risk factors
2 quantifiable data
3 an observably reduced risk
4 a high level of physical activity
5 considerably higher
6 those of advanced age
7 initial findings

Reading 2: Reading for main ideas

Correct Answers:
1 in an emergency.
2 to prevent mistakes.
3 nobody told the pilot.
4 it lost power in both engines.
5 the pilot wouldn't make an error.
6 was in a senior position.
7 taking too long.

Reading 3: Paraphrasing
Correct Answers:
1 A number of mistakes being made around the same time increases the risk of a disaster.
2 Chapanis was asked to find out why planes often had accidents as they landed after a mission.
3 Fatigue can lead to mistakes, so a system is needed to reduce the risk of this happening.
4 Professionals in both fields are taught to keep a view of theoverall procedure and to
communicate with team members of all levels.
5 Sometimes when there is a problem, people lose their sense of time and spend too much time
on one thing and not enough on another.

Reading 4: Reading for detail

Correct Answers:
1 True
2 True
3 False
4 True
5 False
6 False
A: I can't believe Daphne entered that singing competition. She's a te
rrible singer. She can't win – it's possible!
B: Well, anything's possible, but I agree it's very probable.

A: Daphne won the singing competition –

I can't believe it. It's credible!
B: Yes, it's pretty believable. She told me that she had been taking
voice lessons for months in order to work towards her dream of bein
g a singer.
A: When did she find the time to do that?
B: I'm not sure, but her working hours are pretty
regular, so she has a lot of time during the day.

Douglas hasn't got a lot of friends because he can be rather rude whe
n he's upset. Also, when he talks to people, he'll often tell them stori
es that have nothing to do with the topic they're discussing. So, since
he's polite and talks about relevant things, it's not surprising he's
been so successful at making friends.
A: I can't believe Lincoln told his teacher to shut up and then just
walked out of class! It was so

!
B: I'm just shocked that Mr Lewis didn't say anything in response.
It's

that he put up with a student acting that way.

A: True, but I'm sure Lincoln will suffer the consequences of his
actions. It's highly

that he'll get away with behaving like that.

A: I can't believe Abby didn't get the job at the hospital. She's a very
respected doctor with years of experience. I find it

that they wouldn't employ her.

B: Yes, she's been very

in her career, but she refused to work the night shift, and the
position involved working at night sometimes. If she refuses to work
those

hours, her past experience and knowledge is

My friend can be so rude! This morning, she was on her phone all
through breakfast.

My friend can be so ! This morning, she was on her phone

all through breakfast.
I like Evelyn, but sometimes I get frustrated because she tells stories
that aren't about the topic of conversation.

I like Evelyn, but sometimes I get annoyed because she tells stories
that are to the topic of conversation.

Some people manage to work different shifts each week and still go
to university, but not working normal hours makes it very difficult.

It's not for people to work different shifts each week and
still go to university, but working hours makes it very
difficult.

Frank had tried for several years to get a research grant, but he'd
never succeeded. However, this year he not only received the grant,
but they gave him £3 million! I couldn't believe it!

Frank had tried for several years to get a research grant, but he'd
always been . However, this year he not only received
the grant, but they gave him £3 million! It was !

A: It's not impossible for Alex to win the race, but it is unlikely to
happen. He's not very athletic, he's not fit, and he hasn't trained at all.
B: Yes, if he won, it would be a shocking and amazing story.

A: It's not impossible for Alex to win the race, but

it’s . He's not very athletic, he's not fit, and he hasn't
trained at all.
B: Yes, if he won, it would be an story.
Todd mostly likes his job. He can wear jeans and trainers to the offic
e no one cares if he wears formal clothes, and the pay is good. Ho
wever, some employees are satisfied, because it can take a while t
o get promoted –
you have to be satisfied working in the same position for longer tha
n you would at most places. People who stay do get promoted event
ually, but some get
patient and leave the company.

Lying isn't legal, but you still shouldn't be honest. It's especially
responsible in important situations in which not knowing the truth
can cause trouble.

Maggie left for the airport early in the morning. Usually there aren't
many cars on the road at that time,
but she encountered some expected traffic because
there had been an accident. It was very fortunate, as she missed he
r flight. However, she travels a lot, so she took it well and just booke
d a new flight. If she'd
been an experienced traveller, it would have been a much bigger pr
oblem.

Erin liked her town and flat. She had a lot of good friends. Everyone
thought she was very
 with her life, so when she suddenly moved to Australia, it was very

Nick has had a hard time getting a job, even though he's very

in his field. He made some very silly and

choices when he was younger, so, even though he's an excellent

worker now, no one wants to employ him. It's very

I told my nephew that he had to wait to eat dessert, but he didn't

want to wait. He's terrible at waiting – he's so

A: I can't believe Amanda wore jeans and a T-shirt to the dinner

party! Didn't she know you aren't supposed to wear clothes?
B: I don't think so. She'd never been to a dinner party before so
someone should have told her, really – Amanda's
so with this sort of thing, no one should have
expected her to know.

A: Mike got arrested. He was stealing money from the shop he

works at.
B: Really? He's not very nice, but I wouldn't have expected him to
break the law.
A: I'm not surprised that he did something . He's always lying
and trying to trick other people into doing things for him. He's
always been pretty .

A: Did you hear that Lucy and Tim have broken up?
B: Wow! I didn't – and I never would have guessed they would.
They seemed so happy!
A: Yes, I was really surprised as well. It was pretty .
B: They seemed so good together. It's sad.
A: Yes. Well, Lucy decided she wanted to be with her old boyfriend.
She ran into him unexpectedly when her car broke down and he
stopped to help her.
B: How unlucky!
A: Yes, Tim seems to be when it comes to girlfriends.
But hopefully he'll have better luck in the future!

A: I can't believe Andy just quit and left this afternoon. He's a nurse,
and we've got a lot of patients at the moment. He should have stayed
and looked after them – we were all depending on him. It was
very of him.
B: I agree. I know he's been unhappy here for a while – he's been
complaining for months that we don't get paid enough and the hours
are too long. But even though he was with the pay and
the hours, he shouldn't have just left like that.

I'm sure someone stole my bike.

Someone could have stolen my bike.
Someone may have stolen my bike.
Someone stole my bike.

It's impossible that Nina took the money.

Nina might not have taken the money.

Nina must not have taken the money.

Nina may not have taken the money.

I believe it's possible that my flatmate ate my sandwich.

My flatmate must have eaten my sandwich.

Holly's coming to the concert with us! Her boss must

her request to take time off.

Dean and Riley might have their essay already.

I haven't seen my cat all day. She might

out of the house!

I didn't see George at school this morning – he

stayed at home.

Josh

into Ms Fisher's house at 9 pm last night – he was at the cinema

with me at that time.

A: Oh no, I've left my keys at Laura's house, and she's leaving to go

on holiday for a week. How am I going to get into my flat?
B: Call her straight away. She

left yet.

A: Have you seen Kelly today?

B: No, I haven't, and I haven't seen her car in the car park. I don't
know for sure, but she

to work.
A: Maybe. Or she

the bus.
My wallet isn't in my bag! I think someone has stolen it!

My wallet isn't in my bag! Someone

it!

Wesley didn't call me. He definitely forgot.

Wesley to call me.

It's impossible that Chuck broke into your house at 7 pm last night.
He was with me.

Chuck into your house at 7 pm last night. He

was with me.

I'm not sure if Melissa's flatmate told her that I called.

Melissa's flatmate her that I called.

A: Where did Holly go after school? She's still not home.

B: I don't know. She didn't mention any plans, though she did say
she needed to get some things at the supermarket. She
(go) there. I wouldn't worry – I'm sure she'll be back soon.
A: Oh, no! I think I've left my credit card at the restaurant!
B: You (leave) it there. You
used it to pay for the taxi we took home from the restaurant.

A: Lee told me that Irene has been shoplifting!

B: I don't believe it – he (lie)
to you. Irene would never do anything illegal, and Lee is pretty
dishonest.

A: Why didn't Nadia and Gina bring the cakes?

B: I'm not sure. They (read) my text asking them
to bring them.

Lisa has been working

building a robot for a competition for months. She wants to be a r
obotics engineer after she graduates. She's very good –
if she sticks it, she'll probably be very successful.

Miguel's dream is to be a nurse. At the moment, he's working 12

hour shifts at the local hospital, in addition to studying. Sometimes h
e finds it hard to cope
the gruelling schedule, but he's determined not to give .

Hilda's a respected scientist now, but she had a lot of challenges in th

e past. However, she
all of them and became very successful.

In order to become an actor, Richie had to move across the country,

away from his parents and fiancée. He also had to take on two jobs t
o support himself. He's had to make a lot of changes to his dr
eam of being an actor, but he says it's been worth it.

Running that marathon was really difficult –

I ran over 42 kilometres in just four hours! I also had to train for mo
nths and
aching muscles from running so much. But now that I've done it, I f
eel like I can
any challenge – I think I'm going to climb a mountain next.

Dennis had always dreamt of being a great artist. When he got poor
marks at art college, he was very upset. He really wanted to quit, but
his professor convinced him to not

. Dennis stayed at college and is now a successful graphic designer.

Doctors are often in very stressful situations and have to make

incredibly important decisions. They have to learn how to manage
that responsibility and it can be difficult to the stress
sometimes, too.

I'd love to join you for dinner, but I've got an important job
interview with a famous tech company next week, so I need to

my interview skills. I really want to impress the interviewers.

Rebecca wants to be a famous director one day. She spends a lot of

time working films with her classmates.
Alfonso is studying two subjects at university – law and engineering.
He loves both of them, but sometimes it's hard for him to cope
all the work.

I wish I'd stuck playing the piano. I used to be very good, but
now I can't play at all!

Alan is a professional skateboarder, but he had a hard time getting

started. For example, he broke his leg, and he also had to borrow
other people's skateboards until he had enough money to buy his
own. He's had to a lot of problems, but now he's achieved
his dream!

Alicia is entering an art competition, where the first prize is a

scholarship to an excellent art college. She really wants to win, so
she's been her painting for months.

Tony loves to challenge himself to do very difficult things. For his

most recent challenge, he mountain climbing. He climbed a
very high mountain in a little over three hours – it was very
impressive!

Brody was very disappointed when he didn't qualify for the tennis
tournament. He was ready to give up tennis, but his coach convinced
him to it, and he's glad he did, because he qualified for
the tournament the following year.

Danielle's dream is to be a gymnast. To achieve it, she's got to have a

very rigorous schedule – she practises gymnastics for two hours
before school, goes to school, does her homework and then practises
for another two hours. Sometimes it's hard to the lack of
free time, but she knows it's important to work hard.

Unfortunately, people who achieve their dreams usually have to give

up other things along the way. You'll have to make a lot of hard
choices to your dreams and become successful.
If you want to achieve your dreams, don't quit. If you , you'll
probably regret it!

I wish I more money. Then I could follow my dream of travellin

g the world.

I wish I stop eating sweets –

they're so bad for you, but they're so delicious!

I wish I a bigger house. It's so small, I can't have many guests to

stay.

Janet loves the sea. She wishes she go scuba diving so she cou
ld explore more of it.

I'm not prepared for the test at all, because I just played video games
last weekend! I wish I more last weekend.

A: I've got a cough and I keep sneezing.

B: You should go home and rest.
better soon!

A: This subject is so boring.

B: I know! have to take it!

A: I can't believe our holiday is almost over! I wish we

for another week!

B: I know. I wish we

a few more days here, too. But it will be good to be home!

A: I
 that research grant! Think of what we could do with all that money!
B: I know! If we'd had that money, we could have started our
research sooner – it was silly that we didn't apply last year. We
really

applied then.
A: Yes, I know. I wish we

last year – we'd be a year ahead of where we are now!

A: I
up with his girlfriend. She makes him
miserable.
B: I know! If only it
that simple! He loves her. But I
someone nicer.
A: I agree. We
him to go to James's birthday party with us –
if he hadn't gone to the party, they never would have met.

My flatmate drives me crazy – he's so messy, and he won't get off

the sofa! I (he / move) out, but unfortunately, he
loves it here, so he won't leave.

I don't really like my job. I (I / get) a new job, but

there are no jobs available at the moment.

I spent a lot of money on shoes just before my car broke down. As a

result, I haven't got the money to get it repaired. I
(I / not buy) those shoes.
I just saw an ad for my dream job, but I'm too inexperienced for it.
I (I / had) more experience in my field!

I was offered a very good job with a great salary last year, but I said
no so I could travel with my friends. Now I don't have enough
money. I (turn) down the job. I
(take) it instead of travelling with my friends.

I threw away the receipt without trying on the jeans. They don't fit,
and now I can't return them!
I (try) on the jeans first. I
(throw) away the receipt.

My brother's always late. He's really unreliable.

My brother's always late. I

more reliable.

My life would be much easier if I had a car.

a car.

A: I'm sorry I can't come to your concert. I

(I / not have) to work.
B: It's OK. I (you / come) to
the next one.
A: Yes! I'll be there. I (I / come) tonight, but I'll
definitely be there next time.
A: I (I / study) medicine at
university when I was younger, instead of acting. I'd be a doctor now,
instead of working here.
B: I'm not happy with what I studied, either. I don’t like my job, but
it's my fault. I (study)
something else.
A: If (we / make) better choices.
B: Yeah, but it's not all bad. Of course, I
(things / be) different sometimes, but our lives are
pretty good.

What do the people have good news about?

their families

their housing

Andrew's presentation was perfect.

Jeff thinks that a good manager makes very few mistakes.

What is Andrew's good news?

His presentation went well.

His boss liked his presentation.
He got a new job.
What is Yasmin's good news?

She's going to be a manager.

How do Andrew and Yasmin plan to celebrate his promotion and her
studying in France?

by taking a trip

What advice have Andrew and Yasmin got about how to be

successful?

to overcome problems no matter what you have to do

What is Leila and Marcus's good news?

They got married.

They've chosen a date for their wedding.

How do Leila and Marcus plan to celebrate their engagement?

They’re going to have a party.
They're going to invite a lot of people.
Part 1
Andrew: Jeff? You wanted to see me?
Jeff: Yes, Andrew. Please come in. I wanted to talk to you about
your presentation today.
Andrew: Yes, I'm sorry about that. I tested all the technology before
the meeting. I've got no idea why it didn't work at first.
Jeff: Andrew, you're not in any trouble – quite the opposite! I was
very impressed with your presentation today.
Andrew: You were? But it took me so long to get the technology
working.
Jeff: True, but your presentation was well-researched and clear. You
stated everything in a way people could understand.
Andrew: But the slides took forever to load.
Jeff: Yes, and you calmly worked on it until you were successful.
You didn't give up. It's impossible for everything to go well all the
time. Being a good manager isn't about doing things perfectly – it's
about quickly and effectively dealing with problems when they come
up.
Andrew: Thank you.
Jeff: And you did that today. Andrew, I'd like to promote you to
manager.
Andrew: Wow, thank you! I really appreciate it.
Jeff: You're welcome!

Part 2
Yasmin: Hi, Andrew. How did your presentation go?
Andrew: Oh, it was pretty awful, Yasmin! I had a lot of problems
with the technology.
Yasmin: I'm sorry to hear that. Why do you sound so happy about it?
Andrew: Well, my boss was impressed with how I dealt with the
problems in the meeting and with the information in the presentation,
so he promoted me to manager.
Yasmin: Wow, that's great! Congratulations.
Andrew: Thanks! We should celebrate. Hey! Let's call Leila and
Marcus and see if they want to go out for dinner tonight. It's on me!
Yasmin: Well, hold on. There's something else we have to celebrate.
Andrew: Oh, yeah? What is it?
Yasmin: I've got into catering college in Paris – I leave next week!
Andrew: Wow, that's been your dream since… for ages! I'm so
happy for you. Hey, why don't we go to a French restaurant tonight?
Yasmin: That sounds great!

Part 3
Marcus: So tonight we've got a lot to celebrate: Andrew's
promotion…
Andrew: Thank you very much, Marcus!
Marcus: … and Yasmin achieving her dream of going to catering
college in Paris!
Yasmin: Thanks, Marcus.
Marcus: So, Andrew, what was the secret of your success?
Andrew: Well, I guess just remaining calm no matter what problems
you have to overcome.
Marcus: Yes, wise words. And Yasmin?
Yasmin: I guess just sticking with my goals and having the
confidence to pursue my dream, even if it seemed impossible
sometimes.
Marcus: Excellent advice! Well, let's celebrate big changes in all of
our lives!
Andrew: Just a minute. What's changing for you and Leila?
Leila: Well… Marcus and I are engaged!
Andrew: Wow! That's great! Congratulations, guys! We need to
have a party.
Yasmin: I've got too much to do to plan a party. How about we have
a quiet dinner at my place, just the four of us? I can cook dinner for
all of you.
Andrew: Are you sure it won't be too much trouble? You're leaving
for Paris soon. You must have a lot to do…
Leila: Andrew, be quiet! Let her cook – I'm going to miss her
cooking once she goes to Paris!
A: Look what Greg surprised me with for my birthday – a ring!
We're getting married!
B: Wow! Congratulations!
A: Thanks! …

It was quite a blow.

I was expecting it.

A: I lost my job today. I'm so upset – I really loved working there.

And I was so surprised.
B: Oh, no! I'm so sorry to hear it.
A: Thanks …
I was really pleased.
I was expecting it.

A: Congratulations to Ana for graduating from university with a

first-class degree!
B: Thank you. Actually, I
expecting it. I worked really hard.
C: Well, you deserve it. Now let's cut this cake!
A: Just a . I've got some news, too. I've just bought a house!
B: Wow, that's great! Congratulations to you, too!
C: Yes, congratulations! That's very exciting. Now,
– can we eat this cake? It looks delicious!
A: Guess what? The charity I work for got a million-pound grant!
It's too good to be true. I it. Let's celebrate!
B: Congratulations! But hold . There's we have to
celebrate – I got the marketing job!
A: Wow! That's great!

Wow! Congratulations. I didn't even know you'd applied for the

course.
Guess what? I finally got that promotion! Let's celebrate!
I didn't tell anyone because I didn't think I'd get in. I wasn't
expecting it.
Congratulations! But there's one more thing: I got into university!

A: I've won a free holiday to Thailand! I'm so excited. I still can't

it!
B: Wow, that’s great. Congratulations!

A: I've just found out my flatmate's moving out. Now I have to find
someone to move in by next month!
B: Oh, that's terrible! I'm so sorry.
A: Well, I

it. He'd wanted to live alone for a while. But it was still quite a

A: I won the robotics competition I entered! There were so many

cool robots, I can't believe they chose mine for first place. I
it. Let's celebrate!
B: Just a . I've got some news, too. My sister-in-law is
pregnant. I'm going to be an uncle!
A: Congratulations to Michael on getting a business loan. Now he
can pursue his dream of owning a restaurant!
B: Thank you. I was really

.
A: Well, you deserve it. Now let's eat cake and celebrate!
C: Wait. There's thing. I'm moving to China at the end of
the month. I've got a job teaching English.
B: Wow, that's amazing! Congratulations! We've got a lot to
celebrate.
A: ! Don't forget the cake!

A: Guess what? I was chosen for the football team. I can't it!
B: Well, I can. You worked really hard. Congratulations.
A: I was so . Let's celebrate!
B: on. There's we have to celebrate – I've got
into the tennis team!

Read the information and the statement.

Record your response.

You've received a scholarship to study

English in London for the summer.

 Interrupt your friend who is

announcing other news.
  Announce your news.

 Describe how you felt.

Useful language:
Hold on.
There's something else…
Just a minute.
There's one more thing.
Hang on a minute …
I can't believe it.
I was so surprised.
I still can't get over it.
I wasn't expecting it.
I was really pleased.
I was expecting it.

We’ve got a lot to celebrate. Sam and I

have just moved into a lovely great new
flat, and Krista has had a promotion at
work!
Close

Example

A: We’ve got a lot to celebrate. Sam and I

have just moved into a lovely new flat, and
Krista has had a promotion at work!
B: Hold on. There's one more thing we
have to celebrate. I've been awarded a
scholarship to study English in London for
the summer. I still can't get over it. I wasn’t
expecting it.

Tap to start recording

You can play it once stopped
 ANSWER
As my friend excitedly began to share their news, I couldn't contain
the excitement bubbling inside me any longer.

"Wait, wait, hold on a second!" I interjected, unable to wait any

longer.

"I have some incredible news too! I've received a scholarship to

study English in London for the summer!" I blurted out, barely able
to contain my excitement.

My heart raced as I shared the news, a mixture of disbelief and

elation coursing through me. The thought of studying in London,
immersing myself in the language and culture, filled me with an
overwhelming sense of joy.

I could hardly believe it was real. It felt like a dream come true, a
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity that I had never dared to imagine
possible. And as the words left my lips, I couldn't help but feel a
surge of gratitude for the chance to embark on this incredible
journey.

I sat at the airport, holding a ticket to Paris. Everything I owned was

packed in my suitcase, and I was leaving my home town for the first
time in my life. I was finally pursuing my dream of being a chef in
Paris. I had worked exceptionally hard to get here, but was I ready?
I had been cooking at the best restaurants in my town near
Edinburgh for years. I was well-respected in my field. I'd even won
some awards for my recipes when I was a student at catering college,
and people often paid me to make the food for their important events.
But as the head chef at the restaurant where I worked reminded me, I
was a 'big fish in a little pond' – I had done well in our small town.
But how would I do in a big city, internationally known for its
superb food and fine restaurants?
The night before I left, my friends and family had had a party for me.
Everyone had said that I would do well, and I had believed them. I
felt like failure was impossible. But now, alone and waiting for my
plane, I wasn't so sure. I boarded the plane, trying to ignore how
nervous I was.
After getting off the plane, I went into the toilets to change from my
comfortable travelling clothes into something more formal. The top
student at the catering college was picking me up, and I wanted to
make a good first impression. His name was Luc Bertillon. I was a
bit anxious – I imagined that he was born and raised in Paris, and
was serious, critical and competitive – he was their best student,
after all! But I was also determined to prove to him, and everyone
else at the college, that I was an excellent chef who deserved to be
there!
It didn't help that I got lost on my way to baggage reclaim.
Eventually, someone helped me find it, though they were a bit
impolite because I didn't speak much French. By the time I'd finally
found Luc, I was 45 minutes late and had lost all my confidence. I
was expecting him to be angry, but he just laughed and said the same
thing had happened to him the first time he'd come to Paris. He'd
grown up in Scotland, just like me! He had a French name because
his father was French, but his mum was Scottish. He was kind,
sensible and funny. We talked during the entire journey from the
airport to my tiny new flat. It was as if we were old friends.
That was two years ago. I've since graduated from catering college.
Luc and I are both chefs at one of the top restaurants in Paris. We
also run a mentoring programme for students from the UK who want
to come to catering college in Paris – we thought that we could use
our experience to help them plan for and make the change from
living in the UK to living and studying cooking in Paris. And the
best part is, we're engaged! I knew my life would change the day I
boarded the plane to Paris, but I'd had no idea how wonderful it
would be. Leaving my home town was the scariest thing I've ever
done, but I'm so glad I took the chance!

What main event does the diary extract describe?

being an award-winning chef

getting lost on a very important day
meeting someone who was a bit rude

How does the writer feel while she's waiting to board the plane?

excited
self-confident

How did the writer feel at the party?

anxious

doubtful
Excited

What problems does the writer have at the airport?

She realises her clothes are too informal.

Luc is rude to her.

Luc is angry with her.

Which sentences describe Luc?

He's from Paris.
He has no sense of humour.
What's the writer's life like two years later?
She's still a student.
She's teaching at the catering college.

She works with her friends.

What would be a good title for the diary extract?

A Plane Ride to Paris
My New Dream

Lost at the Airport

I stood at the edge of the boat,

to make myself jump into the sea.

I closed my eyes, myself in the magical world below the

waves.

I to get my scuba-diving qualification for years, and this

was it – my final test. But as I on the edge of the boat,
it like maybe my dream was actually a really bad idea.
As part of my diving course, I hours practising in a pool
for all kinds of situations. Scuba diving in the pool easy.
But could I do it in the sea?
I a deep breath and . Suddenly, I was surrounded by
freezing water.

1. Luckily, I'd bought the wetsuit for the coldest temperatures possib
le,

2. I took another deep breath,

3. I sank down into the sea,

4. Brightly coloured fish went past me,

I (swim) deeper, (focus) only on the beautiful

scenery around me. The water (be) as blue as the sky. I (feel)
like I (enter) a special, secret place.

This (be) what I (train) for.

This (be) the reason that scuba diving (be) my dream
for so long.

Suddenly, I (realise) that I (get) so distracted by the

underwater world that I (lost) my group. I (start) to
panic. None of my training (prepare) me for this!
At that moment, I (feel) a hand on my shoulder. I (turn)
around, (breathe) quickly. It (be) my diving
instructor. He (notice) that I (not be) with the
rest of the group, so he (go) looking for me.

I stood at the edge of the boat, trying to make myself jump into the
sea. I closed my eyes, imagining myself in the magical world below
the waves. I'd wanted to get my scuba-diving qualification for years,
and this was it – my final test. But as I waited on the edge of the boat,
it seemed like maybe my dream was just a really bad idea. As part of
my diving course, I'd spent hours practising in a pool for all kinds of
situations. Scuba diving in the pool had been easy. But could I do it
in the sea?
I took a deep breath and jumped. Suddenly, I was surrounded by
freezing water. Luckily I'd bought the wetsuit for the coldest
temperatures possible, thinking that the sea would probably still be
cold in early spring.
I took another deep breath, making sure I had enough air and
everything was working properly. I sank down into the sea, going
further into the deep blue beneath me. Brightly coloured fish went
past me, swimming through the water in large groups. I swam
deeper, focusing only on the beautiful scenery around me. The water
was as blue as the sky. I felt like I had entered a special, secret place.
This was what I'd been training for. This was the reason that scuba
diving had been my dream for so long.

Suddenly, I realised that I had got so distracted by the underwater

world that I had lost my group. I started to panic. None of my
training had prepared me for this! At that moment, I felt a hand on
my shoulder. I turned around, breathing quickly. It was my diving
instructor. He had noticed that I hadn't been with the rest of the
group, so he'd gone looking for me. At that moment, I thought I'd
failed the test. I was so upset, but my instructor let me take the test,
and I did everything perfectly – all my practice had been worth it.
After I'd finished, he handed me my certificate and told me not to
worry about getting lost – he told me it happens all the time. That
was three years ago, and now, as a marine biologist, I use the skills I
learned to get that certificate almost every day.

Which methods does the writer use to make the story interesting?

stating the outcome

using very short paragraphs

Write a short story about a time you had to do something you were
nervous about.

Here are some ideas:

 Say where the event took place.

 Describe the preparation for the event.
 Write about different steps you had to take.
 Describe your feelings before and during the event.
 Include any problems or obstacles you encountered.
 Include the outcome.

Remember to use:

 short sentences
 direct questions
 verb + -ing
 past perfect to explain the background actions

Example
My friends and I hadn't thought our pop band was ready to play a
concert. We were all new to playing our instruments. We were so
bad that we had written all our own songs, because other musicians'
music was too complicated for us. But our friend Scott, who was a
very good guitarist, had told us that we should book a show so we
would work harder. As we got ready to play our first concert, we
looked at each other – why had we listened to Scott?
When I looked past the curtain, it was a nerve-wracking moment.
Almost everyone I knew was there, waiting for our performance to
start. We took our places. My friends Liz and Shaun picked up their
guitars. Emily stood at her keyboard. I sat down at the drums and
picked up the sticks. The curtain lifted. Once I started playing, I
wasn't nervous anymore. I was just having fun with my friends, like
when we practised. The time just flew by.

When our last song ended, the crowd cheered. As we left the stage,
everyone told us what a great job we had done. Other musicians
asked us about how we’d had the ideas for our songs. It was an
amazing night.

Answer:
It had been months since I had even thought about speaking in
public. The last time I did, it was a disaster. The memory haunted
me, creeping up every time I considered stepping onto a stage.

But here I was again, facing the same fear. The opportunity to
present my research at the conference seemed like a dream come
true. Yet, as the date approached, my nerves threatened to suffocate
me.

Had I prepared enough? Would I stumble over my words like last

time? Doubts consumed me, but there was no turning back now. I
had to face my fear head-on.

Standing behind the podium, I could feel the eyes of the audience on
me. My palms were sweaty, my heart racing in my chest. Taking a
deep breath, I began speaking, the words tumbling out in a rush.

Surprisingly, the more I spoke, the easier it became. The audience

nodded along, their interest piqued by my topic. I was doing it. I was
actually doing it.

As I finished my presentation, a wave of relief washed over me. I

had conquered my fear, proving to myself that I was capable of more
than I had ever imagined. And as I stepped down from the stage, a
sense of accomplishment filled me, knowing that I had faced my
nerves and emerged victorious.
THE END
Listen to the recording about marketing campaigns.
Choose the correct description.
celebrity or sports endorsements

memorable logos

public advertising
celebrity or sports endorsements

public advertising
memorable logos

Listen to part of a presentation about content

marketing. Choose the speaker's four main points.
Companies often pay for content to be generated by the public.
Content marketing is always created by brand owners themselves.
.
Listen to the end of the presentation and the
questions from the audience. Match the speakers with
the opinions.

says that it's important to make content which views the public as a v
alued part of the process.

highlights an example where a brand uses online and offline platfor

ms.

thinks that companies that offer to show customers how to use a pro
duct will make money.

thinks that brands need to distinguish between online and offline ca

mpaigns.

disagrees with some of the presenter's ideas.

supports the presenter's ideas.

Choose the purpose of the identifying expressions.

Then listen and check.

What do you mean by … ?

What I'm trying to say is …

Why do you say that … ?

Could you say more about … ?

The reason for this is that …

If I understand correctly, are you saying … ?

Is there any other reason why … ?

Can you back that up with research?

When everyone wants it

There are some products that everyone buys. Often, they are
functional items, with little allure of their own. Then, there are those
items that everyone wants to buy, the 'must have' products that
resonate with consumers and create a community of fans who will
seemingly pay whatever they can to purchase them. Most often,
these products are part of passing trends and are discarded when a
new season comes around, or a new product is launched. However,
there are those products with cult status, a brand longevity that has
staying power. This is what many brands seek to achieve as they
invest heavily in content marketing. When cult status has been
assumed, brand recognition is at its highest, and the product almost
sells itself. However, it must be noted that cult status can be lost if a
brand fails to evolve with changing times. Use of social media
allows many smaller cult brands to grow their market share, but,
conversely, increased exposure can mean that your original, loyal
customers are lost on the way. One way that cult brands have got
around this is by looking at their products as multi-generational. A
long-term vision, where customers of all ages are carefully targeted,
ensures that success is less about reliance upon the past and more
about using original identity as a way to preserve future sales.
Another approach is to create limited-edition ranges that still retain
some of the cult qualities that made the brand attractive to begin
with.

Read the first part of an article about successful marketing campaigns. Complete
the sentences.

The products that the majority of people buy

are things that aren't fashionable for long.

are things that the people want.

The writer suggests that products with cult status

are usually very expensive.

are often very rare.

The writer suggests that to achieve cult status, many brands

produce lots of different kinds of products.

sell a lot of the products.

The writer suggests that brands stop having cult status

when they become popular.

when they launch on social media.

One risk of becoming popular is that

people think you are too small.

people want you to sell more products.

Brands can grow and maintain cult status by

appealing to different age groups.

making fewer products.

Once cult status has been achieved, there are a number of

possibilities for brand extension to occur. This is especially true of
smaller brands, which can operate in a more agile fashion and don't
require marketing campaigns to be approved by large management
teams or shareholders. One recent trend has been brand tie-ups,
where businesses collaborate to share some of their appeal. However,
such collaborations need to have a sense of purpose. Collaboration
can't just be about putting a logo on something to sell more. Brand
partners need to work together to ensure the collaboration is more
than the sum of its parts. One interesting example of this tie-up
process was between the shoe company Grenson and the sports shoe
brand New Balance, whose collaboration was part of a five-year
development plan. The outcome, entitled 'One Shoe, Two Factories',
brought craftsmen from Grenson's team to New Balance's factory.
The result of shared design ideas was a limited-edition pair of leather
sports shoes. While the 800 pairs brought in significant revenue, the
most important result was the marketing story of craftsmanship and
a collective vision.
This attitude is shared by the British bike company Brompton. They
often look at partner companies that share the same values of
innovation and quality. Their goal is not to sell another bike to
existing customers, but to use collaborations to reach new audiences
who may be attracted to Brompton's ethos. Brompton worked with
The Cambridge Satchel Company to launch a special-edition bike
with an integrated leather satchel. In doing so, they underlined their
commitment to handmade local products, and also raised their media
profile.
Read the next part of the article. Complete the sentences with up to three words
from the article.

Small companies can respond to the market quickly because they don't need
decisions

by senior managers or other stakeholders.

It is extremely important that brand collaborations share a

.
The Grenson and New Balance partnership had a period.

Their collaboration allowed for an exchange of manufacturing and design ideas and
produced .
Brompton works with other companies that have similar ideas about
.

Brompton's collaboration with a local business helped to boost

Once cult status has been achieved, there are a number of

possibilities for brand extension to occur. This is especially true of
smaller brands, which can operate in a more agile fashion and don't
require marketing campaigns to be approved by large management
teams or shareholders. One recent trend has been brand tie-ups,
where businesses collaborate to share some of their appeal. However,
such collaborations need to have a sense of purpose. Collaboration
can't just be about putting a logo on something to sell more. Brand
partners need to work together to ensure the collaboration is more
than the sum of its parts. One interesting example of this tie-up
process was between the shoe company Grenson and the sports shoe
brand New Balance, whose collaboration was part of a five-year
development plan. The outcome, entitled 'One Shoe, Two Factories',
brought craftsmen from Grenson's team to New Balance's factory.
The result of shared design ideas was a limited-edition pair of leather
sports shoes. While the 800 pairs brought in significant revenue, the
most important result was the marketing story of craftsmanship and
a collective vision.
This attitude is shared by the British bike company Brompton. They
often look at partner companies that share the same values of
innovation and quality. Their goal is not to sell another bike to
existing customers, but to use collaborations to reach new audiences
who may be attracted to Brompton's ethos. Brompton worked with
The Cambridge Satchel Company to launch a special-edition bike
with an integrated leather satchel. In doing so, they underlined their
commitment to handmade local products, and also raised their media
profile.
Small businesses aren't as good at extending their brands as big
businesses.

Collaborations are about more than sharing logos.

Grenson and New Balance looked at their project as a way of
sharing skills.
Brompton's aim in collaborating with other companies was to sell
more bikes to its usual customer base.
Their collaboration with The Cambridge Satchel Company
demonstrated Brompton's belief in using handcrafted items from
suppliers in their own area.
 Extension

Any regrets?
(Posted by Jon, 24 March)

A survey of over a thousand men and women in the UK aged over 25 found that, if
they could go back in time, 22% of married women would choose a different husband.
Only 12% of men say they should have chosen a different wife! The survey also
found that 30% of people wish they had chosen a different career, 35% wish they had
chosen a different course at university and 37% wish they had saved more money.
Finally, 53% said they wish they had travelled around the world more when they were
younger.

I'd have to get married before I could comment on the first two statistics. But if I
could go back in time, would I choose a different college course? Maybe. Would I
have travelled more? Definitely, but then I think I really did all the travelling I could
with the money I had. What about you? Would you have done anything different
when you were younger? Do you have any big regrets?

Lisa
I do sometimes think back to one exam at university. It was one of my final exams
and I did OK – I didn't fail it – but I didn't get a very high mark. As a result, my final
mark for my whole degree was lower than it could have been. I think I was
unfortunate. I'd revised for weeks, but there was one question in the exam on a topic
that I didn't really study so much – it was something that didn't interest me and we
only looked at it quickly on the course, so I didn't think it would be in the exam. So
even now, I often think – if only I had studied that one topic a bit more! But it didn't
really matter. I still graduated and I don't think my life would have been so different if
I'd got that higher mark – I suppose it would have been nice just for myself and my
family.

Shane
Personally, I think the most important thing is to enjoy your life now and not think too
much about the past and how things could have been different. I sometimes think
about one job interview I went for just after finishing school. I'd planned to get the
train to go to the interview, but because I prefer driving I decided to take the car and
ended up getting lost in a city I didn't know very well. So I arrived late, which didn't
create a good impression, and I wasn't offered the position. I was devastated at the
time, but two months later I got a much better job. So instead of regretting, I think we
should look to the future and concentrate on overcoming problems we can actually
change – I think everything happens for a reason.
Tony
I wish I'd spent more time with my children when they were really young. I had a
high-pressure job with long hours and regular trips overseas. So although I tried to see
my children as much as possible, I devoted a lot of my time to work because I thought
I should be earning as much money as possible. On weekdays, I rarely saw them,
because I left for work before they woke up and got back after they'd gone to bed.
Unfortunately, I think it's often easier to say 'no' to family than it is to work. Someone
once told me: 'If you lose money, you can always earn more, but if you lose time, you
can never get it back.' I didn't really understand what that meant at the time, but now
I'm older, I do.

Mike
I think that when you regret something, you can use that experience to work on your
weaknesses and do better in the future. You learn from what went wrong and the
mistakes you made, and make sure you do things differently next time. I was really
irresponsible at school. I should have studied harder. But that was a good thing,
because at university, I realised my mistake, and I really worked hard and I
appreciated the opportunity to study there. So in that case, regret really helped me
change my behaviour.

an experience at university

an experience while looking for work

not spending time with the family

not studying enough at school

not travelling more

thinks regrets are not useful.

regrets something that was probably unavoidable.
regrets something that was mostly important for personal reasons.
says you can learn from regrets.
understands something better now than in the past.

More men than women wish they had chosen a different partner.

Jon (the writer of the article) isn't married.

Lisa did badly in the exam because she didn't spend much time studying for it.

Shane thinks he didn't get the job because his train was late.

Tony generally only saw his children at the weekend.

Mike thinks his lack of effort at school made him a better university
student.
Write a paragraph about a regret that you have or that someone you know has.

Write about:

 what the regret is

 why you, or the person, chose that course of action
 how your, or the person's, life would be different now if things had been
different then.

Answer :

I remember a friend once confiding in me about a significant regret they carried with
them. They deeply regretted not pursuing their passion for music when they had the
chance. At the time, they chose to prioritize stability and practicality, opting for a
more conventional career path. They believed it was the responsible choice, but now
they realize they sacrificed their true calling for the sake of security. If they had
followed their passion for music, their life might have been filled with artistic
fulfillment and a sense of purpose that transcends material success. Instead, they often
wonder what could have been, haunted by the melodies left unplayed and the dreams
left unfulfilled.

John
a car accident
a work meeting

losing an object
meeting someone on the street

Martha
a car accident
a work meeting
an interview for a university place
meeting someone on the street

Geno
a car accident
a work meeting
an interview for a university place
losing an object

Barry

a work meeting
an interview for a university place
losing an object
meeting someone on the street

Emil
a car accident

an interview for a university place

losing an object
meeting someone on the street

John

Martha

Geno

Barry

Emil
Record yourself talking about something that happened to you in the past that you are
unable to completely explain. Answer the questions.

 What happened?
 Do you think you will ever find out why this happened?
 How do you feel about this event now?

Tap to start recording

You can play it once stopped

Answer :

I remember one incident from my childhood that still baffles me to this day. I was
playing in the backyard, completely absorbed in my own little world, when suddenly I
heard this eerie, melodic humming coming from the bushes. It was like nothing I'd
ever heard before—beautiful yet unsettling. I cautiously approached the source of the
sound, but as I got closer, it abruptly stopped, and there was no one there. I searched
the area thoroughly, but there was no sign of anyone or anything that could have
produced such a sound. To this day, I still can't explain it.

As for whether I'll ever find out why it happened, I'm not sure. Part of me wants to
believe it was just my imagination playing tricks on me, but the memory feels so vivid
and real. Perhaps one day I'll stumble upon an explanation—a forgotten wind chime
hidden in the bushes or some natural phenomenon I wasn't aware of at the time. But
for now, it remains a mystery.

Reflecting on this event now, I find it both intriguing and slightly unsettling. It serves
as a reminder of how mysterious and unpredictable life can be, and it makes me
wonder about all the strange phenomena and unexplained occurrences in the world.
It's a reminder to stay curious and open-minded, even when faced with things that
defy rational explanation.
You hear a conversation between a father and his son.

What did the boy nearly forget?

. his tent

. his coat

You hear part of a telephone message about exams.

What does the young man say?

. He wishes he'd studied more.

. His parents made him work too hard.

You hear two friends discussing a party.

What had the woman forgotten to tell the man?

. what time to book a taxi

. to leave work early

You hear a woman describing her reaction to a wedding
announcement.

How does she feel about it?

. happy that she has been invited

. shocked because she wasn't expecting it

You hear a man talking about one of his friends.

How does the man feel?

. He doesn't understand why his friend has moved.

. He's looking forward to seeing his friend again soon.

You hear a conversation between two students.

Why is the woman annoyed with the man?

. because he disagreed with her

. because he didn't believe her

You hear two friends discussing an exam they've just taken.

How do they both feel?

. dissatisfied with their own performance

. worried that they will fail

You hear two friends talking about some good news.

How does the woman feel about the wedding?

. She hoped it would happen.

. She was upset to hear about it.

I'm really pleased Peter's decided to with his original plan to

travel, rather than work this summer.

I'd love to move to Australia, but I don't think I could cope the
weather.

You need to your fear of heights if you want to be a

firefighter.

I don't know how I'm going to such a difficult race.

We normally beat that team, so losing was , but let's

not worry about it.

He's been working this project for weeks and he's getting bored
with it.
I'm impressed by the way he never up, even when his team
is losing badly.

I wish I had my dreams to become a professional dancer,

but it's too late now.

The travel stories he tells are – they just can't be true.

The prices at that shop are – it's the best place to buy
clothes.

I can't wait to get my exam results – I'm really , I

know.

If you were with the service, why didn't you complain

to the waiter?

The teacher decided the information was and told us

we didn't need to read it.

It was really that the weather was so bad on their

wedding day.

The bus service here is very ; you might have to wait.

It's to drive under the age of 17 in the UK.

My Incredible Trip

Well, here I am in Mumbai, at the end of my first month traveling

around the world. I've seen hundreds of sights already! I wish you

25

have come with me. I've tried to upload the best photos, but I
26

have chosen the most interesting ones to show you. Actually, my

camera's not very good and I wish I
27

a better one. If only I

28

more time! India's beautiful and I wish I

29

here longer, but I'm flying to Thailand tomorrow.

I was sick last week so I didn't go very far. I'm not sure what made
me sick. It
30

have been something I ate, but I'm always very careful, so I don't
think so. It certainly
31

have been the meal I cooked myself as a birthday treat! I know I

might
32

seen all the important sights, but I've had a great time.
Thailand, here I come!

Look, that's Ben driving a car, so it looks as if he managed to pass

his driving test after all!

have

Ben 33 his driving test after all!

I don't believe he wrote this note – the handwriting is different.

written

He 34 this note – the handwriting is different.

It's possible that he didn't steal the money.

not
He 35 the money.

I think that man was my teacher at primary school.

might

That man 36 my teacher at primary school.

I regret spending so much money on this car because I can't afford

to go out much now.

wish

I 37 so much money on this car because I

can't afford to go out much now.

It would have been a good idea to take a year off before going to
college.

should

I 38 a year off before going to college.

I really want to find a better job.

wish

I 39 a better job.
I'd love to come travelling with you, but I don't have enough
money.

only

I'd love to come travelling with you, 40 enough

money.