Scaling & root planning
Scaling (SAQ)
- Removal of plaque & calculus from both supragingival & subgingival tooth surfaces
Root planning (SAQ)
- Removal of residual embedded calculus & portions of cementum from roots to produce a
smooth, hard, clean surface
Periodontal probes
Marquis probe Michigan O probe WHO probe UNC 15 probe Nabers probe
with Williams
markings
(Williams probe)
3mm sections 1,2,3, 5, 7,8,9,10 0.5mm ball at the Markings at each Colour coding at
(3,6,9,12) tip mm 3,6,9,12 mm
Millimetre markings Colour coding at 5,
No 4 & 6mm 3.5, 8.5, 11.5 10, 15mm
Colour coding
3.5-5.5
Detection of
furcation
involvement
Why Williams probe skipping 4 & 6mm markings
- Easier to read - minimizes confusion & potential errors
- Focus on critical measurements - help quickly identify critical measurements such as 3mm
(considered healthy) & 5mm (indicative of a periodontal pocket)
Instruments Function Examples
Periodontal probe Check pocket Marquis, Williams, WHO, UNC 15
Nabers probe Detect furcation
Explorer Locate subgingival deposits & #27 & #17
caries
Sickle scaler Remove supragingival calculus U15/30
Instruments Function Examples
Curette Remove deep subgingival Universal (MCQ)
calculus - Barnhart: #1-2, 5-6
Root planning altered cementum, - Columbia: #13-14, 2R-2L,
Remove soft tissue lining PP 4R-4L
- Younger: Good #7-8
- Mc Call’s: #17-18
- Indiana University: #17-18
Gracey (MCQ)
- 1-2, 3-4 Anterior teeth
- 5-6 Anteriors & PM
- 7-8, 9-10 Facial & Lingual
surfaces of posterior teeth
- 11-12 Mesial surface of
posterior teeth
- 13-14 Distal surface of
posterior teeth
- 15-16 (Mod of 11-12 - shank of
13-14)
- 17-18 (Longer shank 13-14)
Quentin furcation curette Curette suitable for furcation
area (MCQ)
Hoe with shallow half-moon
radius that ts into furcation
Diamond coated les Final nishing of root surfaces
(No cutting edges)
Scaler Acoustic streaming Sonic units
- Ultrasonic vibrations - Freq: 2000-6500 cycles per
transmitted through uid, second
create a unidirectional ow that - Scaler tips - large in diameter
helps dislodge debris - Tip moves in : Elliptical / orbital
stroke pattern
Acoustic turbulence
- High-frequency vibrations Magnetostrictive ultrasonic
create turbulence within uid, - Freq: 20,000-45,000 cycles per
increases mechanical cleaning second
action - Tip moves in : Elliptical stroke
pattern - gives 4 active working
Cavitation surfaces
- Ultrasonic waves create areas
of low pressure in uid which Piezoelectric ultrasonic
causes formation of tiny - Freq: 20,000-45,000 cycles per
vacuum bubbles second
- Bubbles collapse, releasing - Tip moves in : Linear/ back and
energy to ush plaque & forth pattern - gives 2 active
calculus surfaces
Plastic instruments for implants To avoid scarring & permanent
damage to implants
Schwartz Periotrievers Highly magnetized tips, retrieve
broken instrument tips from deep
PP & furcation
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Instruments Function Examples
Cleansing & Polishing Rubber cups, bristle brush, dental
instruments tape
Air-powder polishing Remove stains & soft deposits on Contraindication
“Prophy-Jet” teeth - Respiratory illness
- Hemodialysis
- Hypertension
- Sodium restricted diets
- Medications a ecting
electrolyte balance
Preprocedural rinse w/ 0.12%
Chlorhexidine gluconate
- Reduce aerosol microbial
content
High speed suction
- Eliminate aerosol
Modi cations of Gracey curettes
Extended Shank Mini Bladed Micro mini Langer & Mini Garcey curvette
Curettes (After Curettes (Mini curettes Langer curettes
ve) ve)
3mm longer 3mm longer Gracey + Universal
terminal shank terminal shank curettes
Thinner blade Half the length of 20% thinner blade Shank of Gracey +
blade than mini ve Universal blade
angle of 90 (No
o set blade)
Classi cation of periodontal instruments
- Periodontal probe
- Explorers
- Scaling, root planning & curettage instruments
- Sickle scaler
- Curettes
- Hoe, chisel, le scalers
- Ultrasonic & sonic instruments
- Periodontal endoscope
- Cleansing & polishing instruments
- Rubber cups
- Brushes
- Dental tape
- Air-powder abrasive system
Universal curette Gracey curette
For all areas & surfaces For speci c areas & surfaces
Both cutting edges used 1 cutting edge (outer) used
Curved in 1 plane Curved in 2 planes
Blade not o set - 90*m no O set blade - beveled 60*
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