Unit I: Basics of Transmission and Distribution
Single Line Diagrams: Understanding the components and structure of electric supply systems.
Classification of Transmission Lines:
o Primary and secondary transmission.
o Standard voltage levels used in India.
o Based on voltage type, voltage level, length, etc.
Characteristics of High Voltage for Power Transmission: Examining the properties and benefits of high voltage transmission.
Construction Methods:
o Transmission systems: 110 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV.
o Distribution systems: 220 V, 400 V, 11 kV, 33 kV.
Unit II: Transmission Line Parameters and Performance
Line Parameters: Concepts of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C).
Performance of Short Lines:
o Efficiency and regulation derivations.
o Effects of power factor and vector diagrams.
Performance of Medium Lines:
o Representations: Nominal ‘T’, Nominal ‘π’, and end condenser methods.
Transposition of Conductors: Importance and necessity.
Effects: Skin effect and proximity effect.
Unit III: Extra High Voltage Transmission
EHVAC Transmission Lines:
o Necessity, components (transformers, switchgears).
o Advantages, limitations, applications, and examples in India.
o Ferranti effect and Corona effect.
HVDC Transmission Lines:
o Necessity, components, advantages, limitations, and applications.
o Layouts: Mono-polar, bi-polar, and homo-polar.
o Comparison with EHVAC lines.
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Features and types of controllers.
New Trends: Wireless transmission of electrical power.
Unit IV: A.C Distribution System
Components and Classification: Ideal distribution system requirements.
Feeder and Distributor Design: Key factors and considerations.
Distribution Schemes:
o Types: Radial, ring, and grid.
o Layouts, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
Voltage Drop Analysis: Sending and receiving end voltages.
Distribution Sub-Stations:
o Classification, site selection, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
o Single line diagrams: 33/11KV and 11KV/400V substations.
o Components: Symbols and functions.
Unit V: Components of Transmission and Distribution Line
Overhead Conductors:
o Properties and types of materials.
o Types of conductors and trade names.
o Significance of sag in lines.
Line Supports:
o Requirements and types of structures.
o Specifications and erection methods.
Line Insulators:
o Properties and material selection.
o Types and applications.
o Causes of insulator failure.
o String efficiency for suspension insulators and methods of improvement.
Underground Cables:
o Requirements and classification.
o Construction and comparison with overhead lines.
o asCable laying and jointing techniques
