UNIT 10: ECOTOURISM

PART I: THEORY
A. VOCABULARY
New words (Từ mới)
Words Type Pronunciation Meaning
adapt (v) /əˈdæpt/ sửa lại cho phù hợp, thích nghi
awareness (n) /əˈweənəs/ nhận thức
biosphere reserve (n) /ˈbaɪəʊsfɪə(r)rɪˈzɜːv/ khu dự trữ sinh quyển
crafts (n) /ˈkrɑːfts/ đồ thủ công
craftsmen (n) /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ thợ thủ công, người lành nghề
destination (n) /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ điểm đến
discharge (v) /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ thải ra, xả ra
display (v) /dɪˈspleɪ/ trưng bày
eco-friendly (adj) /ˌiːkəʊˈfrendli/ thân thiện với môi trường
ecology (n) /iˈkɒlədʒi/ sinh thái học
ecosystem (n) /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ hệ sinh thái
ecotourism (n) /ˈiːkəʊtʊərɪzəm/ du lịch sinh thái
entertain (v) /ˌentəˈteɪn/ tiếp đãi, giải trí
environmentalists (n) /ɪnˌvaɪrən nhà môi trường học
ˈmentəlɪst/
excursion (n) /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/ chuyến tham quan
exotic (adj) /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ từ nước ngoài đưa vào, ngoại lai, đẹp kỳ
lạ
expedition (n) /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/ cuộc thám hiểm
fauna (n) /ˈfɔːnə/ hệ động vật
flora (n) /ˈflɔːrə/ hệ thực vật
homestay (n) /ˈhəʊmsteɪ/ nhà trọ
hospitality (n) /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ long hiếu khách
impact (n) /ˈɪmpækt/ ảnh hưởng, tác động
local (adj) /ˈləʊkl/ địa phương
profit (n) /ˈprɒfɪt/ lợi nhuận
reef (n) /riːf/ đá ngầm
reserve (n) rɪˈzɜːv/ dự trữ, bảo tồn
respect (n) /rɪˈspekt/ sự trân trọng
rock (n) /rɒk/ đá
safari (n) /səˈfɑːri/ cuộc đi săn
sand (n) /sænd/ cát
scenery (n) /ˈsiːnəri/ phong cảnh
stalactite (n) /ˈstæləktaɪt/ thạch nhũ (trong hang động)
suit
sustainable (adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/ bền vững
tour guide (n) /tʊə(r)ɡaɪd/ hướng dẫn viên du lịch
trade (n) /treɪd/ buôn bán

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 trek (n) /trek/ chuyến đi vất vả
voyage (n) /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ hành trình
wildlife (n) /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ động vật hoang dã

Structures (Cấu trúc)

No
Structures Meaning
.
1. responsible for chịu trách nhiệm
2. aware of nhận thức
3. impact of/ on tác động
4. drop something in thăm ai đó
5. result from/ of kết quả
6. focus on tập trung
7. famous for nổi tiếng
8. prepare for chuẩn bị cho

B. GRAMMAR
I. Conditional sentence (Câu điều kiện)
a. First conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 1)
Use: Chỉ sự việc, hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai.
If clause Main clause
If + S + V / V (-s/es)
, S + will / shall + V
If + S + am/is/are
First conditional
If I get the scholarship, I will study in England.
If the weather is nice, I will go fishing.
If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
- Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng can, may, must thay cho will,
shall
- Ở mệnh đề chính có thể dùng dạng mệnh lệnh.
Notes
If you learn hard, you will pass any examination
Lan can speak English fluently if she practices every day
Come to visit me if you have spare time.
- Mệnh đề “If”, có thể đứng trước hoặc đứng sau
If I work hard, I’ll pass my exam.
I’ll pass my exam if I work hard.
- Có thể dùng các động từ khuyết thiếu thay cho “will” ở mệnh đề chính tuỳ tình
huống.
- Có thể dùng dạng “Mệnh lệnh: V+ …! / Don’t V…!” ở mệnh đề chính.
Please tell him to come to my office if you see him
- “If” có thể được thay bằng “When”

b. Second conditional (Câu điều kiện loại 2)

Use: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại. Đó là tình huống giả
định
Mệnh đề If (điều kiện) Mệnh đề chính
Second
If + S + V-2/ V-ed , S + would + V1
conditional
If I had more time, I’d exercise more.

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 If I were rich, I’d spend all my time travelling.
If she saw a snake, she’d be terrified.
- Có thể dùng might, could thay cho would
E.g: I would tell you the answer if I knew it myself
Notes If she had time, she could go to the movie now.
Khi dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 này, ta phải hiểu ý trái lại.
- “to be” chia “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.

PART II:
A. PHONETIC
LANGUAGE
Exercise 1. Practise saying the following sentences. Mark the intonation: rising ()
or falling ().
1. Cat Tien National Park is an ideal stop for nature lovers.

2. How far is it from Ho Chi Minh City to Cat Tien National Park?

3. Can we find many species of flora and fauna there?

4. They have set up some projects on ecotourism there.
5. What can we see from Ham Rong Mountain?
6. Will foreign tourists come back to Sa Pa after the COVID-19 pandemic?

7. Is Ba Be Lake the largest freshwater lake in Viet Nam?

8. In the early morning, boat tours can take you onto the smooth water to watch the rising
mist.
9. Is Fansipan the Roof of Indochina?
10. When you climb up to the summit, you’ll encounter fields of gorgeous flowers, lush
rainforests and bamboo bushes.

Exercise 2. Choose the word which has underlined part pronounced differently from
the rest.
1. A. exist B. decide C. assess D. explore
2. A. rental B. outlet C. venture D. strategy
3. A. fragile B. arrival C. annual D. attitude
4. A. develop B. profit C. province D. ecology
5. A. your B. course C. source D. journey
6. A. caves B. marks C. exams D. days
7. A. culture B. public C. sustain D. butterfly
8. A. ecology B. coral C. problem D. pollution
9. A. government B. protection C. consumption D. violent
10. A. relax B. departure C. benefit D.
interest

Exercise 3. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. enjoy B. service C. include D. promote
2. A. traveller B. resident C. rainforest D. specific
3. A. welcome B. outdoor C. protect D. income
4. A. investor B. naturalist C. industry D. visitor
5. A. conservative B. amenity C. infrastructure D. accommodate
6. A. research B. damage C. offer D. limit
7. A. maintain B. sector C. wildlife D. region

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8. A. quality B. disruption C. marketing D. revenue
9. A. demand B. expand C. ashore D. pressure
10. A. ecosystem B. agriculture C. expenditure D.
operator

B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Exercise 1. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.
environmentally- responsibilit profit local awareness
friendly y
Mass tourism tourists impact hospitalit crafts
1. Many _________________ go to Canada and the USA in the summer.
2. The people of your village showed the visitors great _________________
3. That hotel company made a big _________________ of $7 million last year.
4. All of our brochure is printed on _________________ paper.
5. The foreign investors need to assess again the _________________ on climate change.
6. We must understand that protecting the environment is every man’s _________________
7. Most _________________ projects are small items but they are too messy to be done indoors.
8. Some _________________ areas will be improved their economics and management.
9. Environmental _________________ has increased over the years thanks to means of
communication.
10. _________________ is the act of visiting a leisure destination with large amounts of people
at one time.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1. They went _______________ safari in Kenya for a month.
2. All wood used in their furniture is with a certificate saying it comes _______________
sustainable forests.
3. How do these insects adapt themselves _______________ new environments?
4. Young people must be educated _______________ the effects of using plastic bags.
5. Try to choose products that do the least harm _______________ the environment.
6. Visiting your family doctor regularly can reduce the potential _______________ health risks.
7. Some schools in our city take part ______________ a cultural exchange programme with
schools in Japan.
8. The company provides free bikes _______________ tourists to cycle during the tour in the
nature reserve.
9. The talk tried to raise awareness _________________ respecting wildlife and their natural
habitats among local people.
10. He gave us some necessary information _______________ that ecotour.

Exercise 3. Choose the best option A, B, C or D.

1. All tourists have a window seat on the _______ bus so that they can watch wildlife.
A. safari B. craftsmen C. destination D. ecology
2. The building of the dam over the river can cause _______ disaster.
A. sustainable B. exotic C. ecological D. local
3. That region tries to launch many campaigns to promote _______ tourism.
A. upset B. eco-friendly C. sustainable D. essential
4. Hunting wildlife may _______ the balance between hunters and prey in their habitats.
A. upset B. environmental C. exotic D. ecological
5. Do you think our planet can _______ 10 billion people?
A. entertain B. display C. sustain D. discharge
6. The attraction of ______ relies on the excitement of wildlife sightings.
A. scenery B. ecotourism C. reserve D. expedition
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7. We can ______ wildlife by watching them from a distance so that they are not scared to go
away.
A. stalactite B. safari C. excursion D. respect
8. We should take care in order not to harm the environment in the _______.
A. biosphere reserve B. hospitality C. wildlife reserve D. expedition
9. In Mu Gang Chai, tourists now have more chances to know the daily life of villagers, no
matter if they stay in a hotel, resort, or at a(n) ______.
A. tour guide B. homestay C. profit D.
wildlife
10. Coming to Van Long Nature Reserve in Ninh Binh Province, you can enjoy the deep
______ in a beautiful paradise.
A. relaxation B. ecosystem C. respect D. impact
11. If I ______ her, I would wear the red dress instead of skirt and T-Shirt.
A. am B. were C. is D. could be
12. If you ______ your best, you will be successful.
A. try B. tried C. will try D. would try
13. If modern technology ______ exist, we would never have such precious information on the
life in the deep ocean
A. didn’t B. don’t C. won’t D. doesn’t
14. You will become ill ______ you don’t stop working so hard
A. when B. until C. If D. unless
15. If I were you, ______ phone and tell her you’re going to be late
A. I’d have B. I’d C.I D. I’ll
16. If there ______ more than 24 hours a day, I would have more time to sleep.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
17. If it is sunny tomorrow, we ______ on an ecotour.
A. go B. would go C. went D. will go
18. The show Captain Bob’s Adventure Children is available now. If children of all ages
______ it, they will take part in an airboat ride and an interactive reptile show.
A. enjoy B. didn’t enjoy C. enjoyed D. would enjoy
19. If you go to Pak Ou Caves in Laos, you ______ thousands of Buddha images and statues
which have been deposited here over centuries.
A. see B. will see C. saw D. doesn’t see
20. Local people can’t see the benefits of ecotourism in their region. If ecotourism ______
their lives by creating new job opportunities, they would play a more active role in the
conservation.
A. improves B. will improves C. improved D. would improve
21. If visitors spend their holiday in Hawaii, they ______ in typical ecotourism activities, such
as whale watching, kayaking, surfing, snorkelling, scuba diving, and boating.
A. participate B. will participate C. participated D. would participate
22. If the weather ______ good, I’ll have lunch outside.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
23. If Tom _______ here, he _______ able to advise us.
A. were/ would have been B. were / would be
C. had been / would be D. was / was
24. If you finish work before 5:00, I _______ and pick you up.
A. would come B. will come C. come D. would have come
25. If I had time, I __________ to the beach with you this weekend.
A. go B. will go C. would go D. had gone
26. If you ________ up too late, you’ll be very tired tomorrow.
A. stay B. had stayed C. would stay D. stayed
27. The doctor said that if the patient _________ smoking, he would be seriously ill.

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 A. didn’t stop B. hadn’t stopped C. stopped D. stops
28. Daisy said that if she ________ me she would not buy that dress because it was too
expensive.
A. was B. were C. had been D. is
29. If you call me this time tomorrow, I ________ walking in the park.
A. was B. am C. will be D. were
30. Marcus _______ to a restaurant if Anna went with us.
A. would go B. went C. goes D. will go

Exercise 4. Choose the answer which is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

words.
1. We booked two tables at our favorite restaurant.
A. cancel B. register C. reject D. dismiss
2. The pop festival passed off peacefully, despite the fears of local residents.
A. immigrants B. foreigners C. aliens D. citizens
3. Spain was cited as the most popular holiday destination.
A. voted B. trusted C. said D. believed
4. The tour was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.
A. postponed B. dropped C. changed D. delayed
5. Economists predict that house prices will remain static for a long period.
A. unchanged B. unstable C. flexible D. active

Exercise 5. Choose the answer which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined

words.
1. Hotels usually raise their prices in high season.
A. bump B. increase C. boost D. decrease
2. He decided to postpone the trip until the following day.
A. cancel B. suspend C. continue D. delay
3. Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive.
A. reasonable B. cheap C. expensive D. high
4. It was fascinating to see the elephants in their natural environment.
A. manmade B. normal C. native D. scientific
5. They encountered serious problems when two members of the expedition were injured.
A. severe B. difficult C. dangerous D. unimportant

Exercise 6. Use the correct form of the words in brackets to finish the sentences.
1. the whole holiday was really ________________, from start to finish. (enjoy)
2. The ________________have made a campfire to keep off wild animals. (explore)
3. Tourism, a ________________industry, is developing rapidly in Viet Nam. (smoke)
4. The city offers an appealing combination of sporting and ________________events. (culture)
5. The ________________editions of the paper contain specific information of the area.
(region)
6. You’ll have to pay for the packaging, ________________coasts, and airport taxes.
(transport)
7. Sometime we hear campers and ________________reported thefts of bags and luggage.
(backpacker)
8. he has spent many weekends and vacations in the delightful ________________areas of
Nepal. (trek)
9. The advertising campaign proved very ________________, and the hotel has the most
reservations than ever. (profit)
10. The ultimate goal of ________________tourism is to reduce the impact of tourism on local
communities and the environment. (sustain)

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Exercise 7. Choose the correct option.
1. we can go to the beach if you (aren’t/ weren’t) busy tomorrow.
2. What (will/ would) we do firstly if a fire broke out?
3. Our family will travel if my father (took/ takes) some days off.
4. If I (am/ were) you, I would talk more politely with her.
5. Jake will download the songs if he (finds/ found) some good ones.
6. I (will/ would) go to the party if I had an invitation card.
7. I will be very angry with Jimmy, if he (forgets/ forgot) my book again.
8. If you (come/ came) to the party, we would have a lot of fun.
9. You (went/ can go) out with your friends if you finish your homework before 7 o'clock.
10. If you (pay/ will pay) for an ecostour, part of your money will be used for wildlife
protection.

Exercise 8. Complete the conditional sentences with will and the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
1. If it (rain) _________________ tomorrow, we (not go) _________________ to the zoo.
2. If it (be) _________________ a nice day, I (have) _________________ lunch in the park.
3. If you (go) _________________ camping in the summer, I (go) _________________ with you.
4. He (miss) _________________ the bus if he (not leave) _________________ now.
5. If I (see) _________________ Kevin, I (tell) _________________ him you called.
6. We (be) _________________ late if we (not hurry) _________________.
7. If it (not rain) _________________ tomorrow, we (go) _________________ to the beach.
8. We (be) _________________ early if we (leave) _________________ now.

Exercise 9. Put the correct tense or form of verbs in the brackets.

1. If you _________________ (be) too hungry, you can eat my bread.
2. If he _________________ (be) angry, he would shout loudly.
3. If he _________________ (be) late again, we will go without him.
4. If she were ill, she _________________ (can study) online at home.
5. What would happen if all forests _________________ (disappear)?
6. If we see her, we _________________ (tell) her what you said.
7. If he were rich, he _________________ (buy) lots of villas.
8. _________________ (you, help) your co-workers if they ask you?
9. If I _________________ (have to) wait for you, I would miss the plane.
10. If I _________________ (go) out, I must bring my wallet and smartphone.
11. If I had a typewriter I _________________ (type) it myself.
12. If I _________________ (know) his address I'd give it to you.
13. He _________________ (look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
14. If you _________________ (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much.
15. If he worked more slowly he _________________ (not make) so many mistakes.

Exercise 10. Choose the underlined words that need correction.

1. If there isn't enough food, we couldn't continue our journey.
A B C D
2. Unless you pour oil on water, it will float.
A B C D
3. You have to take a taxi home if you want to leave now.
A B C D
4. If anyone will phone, tell them I'll be back at 11:00.
A B C D
5. We can hire a minibus if there will be enough people.
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 A B C D
6. If someone came into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?"
A B C D
7. If you try these cosmetics, you look five years younger.
A B C D
8. If you do not understand what was written in the book, you could ask Mr. Pike.
A B C D
9. I will come to meet Mr. Pike and tell him about your problems if you didn't solve them
yourself.
A B C D
10. Sam will not graduate unless he doesn't pass all the tests.
A B C D

PART III: SKILLS

A Listening
Exercise 1. Listen and choose the best option (A, B, C, or D).
1. Visitors to the underwater sculpture park will be able to see ___________.
A. ancient treasures B. sculptures of people and animals
C. sculptures of fish and wildlife D. divers making sculptures
2. Local people visiting tile park may see ___________.
A. statues of themselves B. a statue of Jason
C. Jason at work D. statues of famous people
3. Jason wants the park to ___________.
A. attracts more divers to Mexico’s coral reefs B. help protect
Mexico's coral reefs
C. keep sea creatures away from reefs D. attract more tourists to Mexico
4. In the future, it will be more difficult to see the sculptures because ___________.
A. they will become old and dirty B. a new coral reef will cover them
C. the artist will move them somewhere else D. the area will be
very polluted

B Speaking
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of
the following exchanges.
Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of ecotourism.
1. Nam: "How important is tourism to our country?" Lan: “____”
A. More and more companies are advertising about ecotourism.
B. It really helps to create more jobs for a lot of people.
C. Tourism is also an industry.
D. It is hard to develop without learning about tourism.
2. Lan: "Would you like to work in tourism?" Nam: “____”
A. The number of tourists to our country is increasing.
B. Everyone wants to be employed.
C. It's always been my dream to work as a tour guide.
D. Being a tour guide, you can lead an interesting life.
3. Nam: "What do you think tourism will be like in the future?" Lan: “____”
A. I guess there will be various forms of tourism.

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 B. I've always interested in tourism industry.
C. It's not easy to find a job in tourism these days.
D. More females than males work in tourism industry.
4. Lan: "What do you think of the idea of space tourism?" Nam: “____”
A. I'm thinking about ecotourism benefits.
B. Space exploration has brought numerous changes.
C. Rich people tend to spend more money on travelling.
D. It might be a profitable industry in the future.
5. Nam: "Do you think ecotourism is a good idea?” Lan: “____”
A. Certainly. A lot of people may benefit from this kind of tourism.
B. Ecotourism is getting more and more popular.
C. Ecotourism is a hot topic these days.
D. Business people need a good idea to start up.
6. Nam: “Do you think tourism helps people in the world understand each other?" Lan:
“____”
A. It is important for people in the world to understand each other.
B. Wars may end when people understand each other.
C. People need sympathy to understand each other.
D. Definitely. Tourism helps people to get to know more about different cultures.
7. Nam: "Is tourism something that only rich people can take part in?" Lan: "____”
A. Rich people tend to spend luxurious holidays.
B. Not really. So many cheap holidays are being offered these days.
C. Cheap holidays give you a chance to travel to more places.
D. Places of attractions are always full of visitors.
8. Nam: "What factors affect tourism?" Lan: “____”
A. Economic factors are always decisive ones.
B. A strong tourism industry brings the country numerous advantages.
C. It is influenced by so many things, such as weather, people, and administrative
policies.
D. People need to be professionally trained to work in tourism industry.
9. Nam: "Do you think tourism is bad for the planet?" Lan: “____”
A. To some extent, yes, especially when tourists travel by plane.
B. People need to live in a green planet.
C. A lot of people want to travel around the planet.
D. We should protect our planet from bad tourism.
10. Nam: “What do you think about tourists in our country?" Lan: “____”
A. There are tourists coming from other countries as well.
B. Our country is a favourite destination for many tourists.
C. The numbers of visitors to our country is increasing.
D. Well, most of them behave appropriately, but some are still very rude.
11. Lan: “How has tourism changed over the past few decades?” Nam:
“____”
A. Tourism is also considered as an industry.
B. In general, people without skills are at risk of being unemployed.
C. There have been new types of tourism, and tourists have become more responsible.
D. Ecotourism is not always beneficial to the local people.
12. Lan: “Are you a good ambassador for our country's tourism
industry?" Nam: “____”
A. Tourism industry really needs good ambassadors.
B. I hope so. I've always tried to get more people to know about tourist destinations in
our country.
C. A number of people have been chosen as tourism ambassadors.

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 D. Tourism ambassadors really need to be good at communication skills.
13. Lan: "Which places in our country do visitors enjoy visiting the
most?”. Nam: “____”
A. It depends. Foreign visitors often like places such as Sa Pa or Ha Long Bay.
B. Our country is famous for many tourist attractions and friendly people.
C. Not all visitors are well-informed about places of attraction.
D. Tourism industry needs to work harder to boost the tourist destinations.
14. Nam: "What are some of the benefits of going away on holiday?”
Lan: “____”
A. Going away on holiday is getting more and more popular.
B. Ecotourism brings a number of benefits to the local people.
C. It is always expensive if people go to a place of tourist attractions.
D. We may broaden our horizons and experience new cultures.
15. Lan: "Do you always like to go to the same place for your holiday?”
Nam: “____”
A. It is strange that some people go to the same place again and again.
B. I don't think so. I always like to experience different places.
C. Preference for certain places is still common among a number of tourists.
D. Different places have different attractions.

Exercise 2. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that
you do not need.
A. we should reuse other things from kitchen scraps to old junk.
B. the easiest way to protect and preserve our planet is through education
C. I have shorter showers, don’t leave the tap running while I brush my teeth
and take fewer baths.
D. You have tons of clothes or things you can donate to charity.
E. I always refill my reusable water bottle instead of buying plastic water
bottles on my travels.
F. I often buy local food.
Today we’re talking about how to become an ecotourist. You can share your
Miss
own experiences or what you’ve read in books. Small things are also good for
Van:
the environment.
During my holidays with my family, (1) ____________. I can find water stations
Nick:
at most airport or I ask cafes to fill it up for me.
I agree with you about cutting waste. I myself try to save water because it’s a
Phong:
very valuable resource. (2) ____________
Mai: Besides plastic, (3) ____________. All of it should be reused
When I travel, (4) ____________. By doing this, countries will start to import less
Lan:
and use the goods they grow there.
I think (5) ____________. And it’s very important to talk about climate change to
Minh: everyone you meet. We should talk about the steps we can make to support the
protection of our planet.
Miss Thank you for all your ideas. I hope you’ll all become ecotourists, and it’s good
Van: for our environment.

C Reading
Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D correct
word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

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 Ecotourism is booming and many tour operators say this is helpful to nature. Every year,
millions of people visit protected (1) ______ areas to observe rare species. However, a new
report casts doubt on this form of tourism. The report, published in the journal "Trends in
Ecology and Evolution", suggests that ecotourism damages more than helps nature.
Researchers believe tourists disrupt animals in their natural habitat. They point to a recent
event in Costa Rica where turtles had problems laying their eggs because of the many
tourists who had gathered (2) ______ the beach to watch them.
The report says that ecotourism is (3) ______ animals bolder. A human presence makes
animals tamer and less (4) ______ about other animals. This could put them at (5) ______ of
being attacked by their natural predators, so more of them will be killed. The report says
that when animals interact with humans, "they may let down their guard”. The report also
says it is essential, “to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how different
species in different situations respond to human visitation, and under what precise
conditions human exposure might put them at risk".
1. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturism
2. A. over B. in C. on D. to
3. A. making B. changing C. adapting D. altering
4. A. cautiously B. cautiousness C. caution D. cautious
5. A. chance B. risk C. work D. once

Exercise 2. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank
space in the following passage.
NAM CAT TIEN NATIONAL PARK
In the early morning of the first day, the guide will pick you up and transfer to Nam Cat Tien
National Park, located on a low mountainous area of Dong Nai Province. Nam Cat Tien is an
area which represents a special ecosystem of wet (1) ____ with biodiversity.
You will take a boat trip along the Dong Nai River to view the (2) ____ on the river banks. You
can stop at the grassland area to search for peacocks, jungle fowl and birds that prefer a
more open habitat. After that, you can continue to go to Kim Lan Village, once a French
military camp and now the main village to the one ethnic (3) ____ of the park.
The song of birds will wake you up in the morning of the second day. You go hiking to the
crocodile lake with plenty of (4) ____ to see many varieties of bird life and, if you are lucky,
the chance of spotting larger mammals. The Siamese Crocodile is an endangered (5) ____ and
this is one of the last remaining places in the world that you can still see them in the wild. In
the evening, a walking tour along the track following the river through the botanical garden
to Heaven Rapids, which provide you with good opportunities to see the birds and possibly
the gibbon.
1. A. places B. varieties C. forests D. area
2. A. change B. variety C. diverse D. wildlife
3. A. inhabitants B. mammals C. plants D. habitats
4. A. occasion B. notes C. opportunities D. advantages
5. A. surfaces B. layers C. spots D. species

Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
Tourism will always have an impact on the places visited. Sometimes the impact is good, but
often it is negative. For example, if lots of people visit one place, then this can damage the
environment. The question is - how can we minimize the problems without preventing people
from travelling and visiting places?
The main aim of ecotourism is to reduce the negative impact that tourism has on the
environment and local people. The idea is to encourage tourists to think about what they do
when they visit a place.

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It's great to talk about protecting the environment, but how do you actually do this? There
are a number of key points. Tourists shouldn't drop litter, they should stay on the paths, they
shouldn't interfere with wildlife and they should respect local customs and traditions.
Some people see ecotourism as a contradiction. They say that any tourism needs
infrastructure - roads, airports and hotels. The more tourists that visit a place, the more of
these are needed and, by building more of these, you can't avoid damaging the environment.
But, of course, things aren't so black and white. Living in a place of natural beauty doesn't
mean that you shouldn't benefit from things like better roads. As long as the improvements
benefit the local people and not just the tourists, and the local communities are consulted on
plans and changes, then is there really a problem?
In 2002 the United Nations celebrated the "International Year of Ecotourism". Over the past
twenty years, more and more people have started taking eco-holidays. In countries such as
Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica and Kenya, ecotourism represents a significant proportion of the
tourist industry.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. A brief introduction about ecotourism B. Some Dos for ecotourists
C. Some Don'ts for ecotourists D. Benefits and drawbacks of ecotoursim
2. In paragraph 1, the word "it" refers to ____.
A. tourism B. environment C. impact D. damage
3. According to the passage, what does the ecotourism aim at?
A. stopping ecotourism altogether B. reducing the tourism problems
C. preventing tourists from travelling D. finding a new form of tourism
4. According to the passage, which of the following is not mentioned as an activity to protect
the environment?
A. not littering B. not interfering with wildlife
C. respecting local customs and traditions D. not hunting animals for food
5. In paragraph 4, the word "avoid" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. present B. pretend C. prevent D. protest
6. Which of the following is TRUE about the author's opinion?
A. Building extra infrastructure in ecotourism areas must be prohibited.
B. New infrastructure could be accepted as long as it also helps local people.
C. Tourists are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure.
D. Governments are consulted about the plans to build new infrastructure,

Exercise 4. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each
question.
Ecotourism essentially means ecological tourism, where ecological has both
environmental and social connotations. Born in its current form in the late 1980s.
Ecotourism came of age in 2002, when the United Nations celebrated the “International Year
of Ecotourism”. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible
travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local
people”.
For many countries, ecotourism is not so much seen as a marginal activity intended to
finance protection of the environment than as a major sector of national economy and as a
means of getting currencies. For example, in countries such as Kenya, Ecuador, Nepal, Costa
Rica and Madagascar, ecotourism represents a significant chunk of foreign revenue.
The concept of ecotourism is widely misunderstood and, in practice, is often simply used
as a marketing tool to promote tourism that is related to nature. Critics claim that
ecotourism as practiced and abused often consists in placing a hotel in a splendid landscape,
to the detriment of the ecosystem. According to them, ecotourism must above all sensitize
people with the beauty and the fragility of nature. They condemn some operators as “green-

12
washing” their operations- that is, using the label of “ecotourism” and “green-friendly”,
while behaving in environmentally irresponsible ways.
Although academics argue about who can be classified as an ecotourist, and there is
precious little statistical data, some estimate that more than five million ecotourists – the
majority of the worldwide population – come from the United states, with other ecotourists
coming from Europe, Canada and Australia.
1. What does the author want to describe in the first paragraph?
A. Definition of tourism B. History of tourism
C. The importance of tourism D. Tourism in our society
2. The word “green-washing” in the third paragraph implies that ________.
A. tourists are being sold normal tours instead of ecotourism tours
B. operators in ecotourism are not actually friendly as they have advertised
C. tour operators are making eco-trips seem more sustainable than they actually are
D. tour operators are actually making sustainable eco-trips
3. Which of the following is considered an abuse of ecotourism?
A. responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment
B. Placing a hotel in a splendid landscape
C. Improving the well-being of local people
D. Behaving in environmentally responsible ways
4. Which countries consider ecotourism as a means of getting money?
A. Kenya, Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica, and Madagascar
B. the United states, Europe, Canada, and Australia
C. Kenya, Ecuador, Nepal, Costa Rica, and Madagascar
D. the United states, Europe, Costa Rica, and Australia
5. The word “academics” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. The first International Year of Ecotourism was 2002.
B. Ecotourism is seen as an activity to protect the environment in many countries.
C. The concept of ecotourism if often used as a marketing tool to promote tourism.
D. Europe has the highest number of ecotourists in the world.
6. Which of the following is not TRUE according to the passage?
A. The first International Year of Ecotourism was 2002.
B. Ecotourism is seen as an activity to protect the environment in many countries.
C. The concept of ecotourism is often used as a marketing tool to promote tourism.
D. Europe has the highest number of ecotourists in the world.

D Writing
Exercise 1. Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.
1. by / explore / the / I / weather, / decided / to / Inspired / the / sunny / woods
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. to / have / Fossil / fuels / caused / the / damage / environment / irreversible
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. common / in / is/ the / the / mountainous regions / Fog and rain / near / border
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. The / on / were / a / to / field trip / the / museum / first – grade students
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. attractions / Galapagos Islands / tourist / one / are / The / of / Ecuador’s / main
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. your parent’s agreement / have / you / You’ll / get / if / the trip / want / go on / to /to
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
7. food / I’m / leave / taking / so / I / want / to / litter / Litter/ don’t / behind / because
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

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8. Are / protect / with / the environment / compatible / to / measures / economic growth?
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences in the conditional type 1.

1. I’d like to come to your hometown and swim in the river.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. She won’t get angry as long as her husband isn’t late dinner.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Because Jake doesn’t have the Visa, he won’t go to America for a month
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. In case she invites me to her party, I will won’t be sure to go.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t have enough eggs, so I won’t prepare a special omelette for you.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
6. She can’t buy what she wants as she doesn’t have a job with a good salary.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
7. Apply now, or you may not have a chance to win the scholarship.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Ask more politely, and they will give the information you need.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
9. We will get wet with this small umbrella when rains harder.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Unless I am busy this weekend, I will travel to the countryside with you.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences in the conditional type 2.

1. You join us, so we don’t stay at home.
 We __________________________________________________________________________________
2. I don’t have enough money. I don’t buy a new laptop.
 I _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Peter isn’t hungry. He doesn’t eat a big meal.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know where he lives. I don’t go and see him.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. You are so tired because you don’t go to bed earlier.
 You __________________________________________________________________________________
6. She isn’t tall, so he can’t wear in different styles.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
7. The engine doesn’t start because the driver doesn’t fasten the seatbelt.
 The engine___________________________________________________________________________
8. The weather is so bad. We don’t go to the football match.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Melisa doesn’t play in the school orchestra. They don’t need a pianist.
 Melisa _______________________________________________________________________________
10. I don’t have a smart phone. I can’t use the map to locate my position.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4. Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations.

1. Phong doesn't have enough money so he can't travel abroad.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. I don't drive too close to the animals on safari. They don't get scared.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Tom doesn't have a passport. He can't travel abroad.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. There are so many tourists visiting the national parks. The environment there is badly
damaged.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Tourists throw litter in the river. The water is polluted.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
6. I can't swim, so I'm not going scuba - diving with you.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
7. I want to go on an eco-tour to Phu Quoc National Park, but I don't have any holiday.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
8. These students do not work hard. They can't pass the exam.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Hoa's got so much homework that she can't go out with her friends tonight.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Sue doesn't have Tony's email address. She can't send him a message.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. I could make a cake for you, but there aren't any eggs in the fridge now.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Nancy doesn't live near the park. She can't go running there every morning.
 If ____________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 5. Complete the second sentence so that it means similarly to the first one.
1. Someone is using my email account.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Isn’t there another way to reach the village?
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. If you don’t aim high you will never hit high.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. It isn’t necessary to finish the homework today.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. The weather is so hot that everyone wants to stay inside.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Loan speaks English the most fluently of all students in her class.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
7. He finally managed to drag the table into the kitchen.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
8. He left school too late to catch the last bus.
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 6. Complete the second sentence using the words in the brackets.
1. Kelly wasn’t responsible for our failure. (fault)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
2. I don’t feel like going home in the dark. (want)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. We don’t have time to relax after lunch. (too busy)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. He was ill, so he didn’t come to class. (because)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. My suggestions were turned down by the committee. (accept)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. It is likely that he has found a new job. (probably)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

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7. It’s mandatory for you to wear a helmet when riding a bike. (must)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
8. You should focus on small goals instead of big ones. (would)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 7. Write the website advertisement for an ecotour at Bach Ma National

Park, using the prompts below.
The Best Trekking Bach Ma National Park Ecotour
Duration: 2 days
1. Bach Ma National Park / located / Hue / Da Nang
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. you / enjoy / pools, amazing waterfalls / hear / sounds / birds / wild animals / here.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Highlights:
3. you / have / conquer / Bach Ma Mountain Peak / Observation Station / mountain’s peak
admire / panorama/ its majestic scenery
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. you / enjoy / view / wonderful scenery / Lang Co Beach / Cau Hai Lagoon / observation
tower
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. You/ have / hiking / Five Lakes / Do Quyen Waterfall / as well / trails / explore pools and
streams/ clearly pure water / and / amazing waterfalls / deeply forest experience
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 8. Use the given words/ phrases to make sentences about Ca Mau National
Park. You have to add some words or make some changes when necessary.
1. now / WWF’s ecotourism project / Ca Mau National Park / offering / new livelihood
opportunities / local community
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. local people / become / ecotourism hosts / which / bring / them / so much joy / benefits
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. visitors / come / see / End Point Tower / which / mark / southernmost tip / Viet Nam
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. WWF / help / community / build / bird watching tower / and / provide / binoculars and bird
watching books
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. bird watching / now / a major attraction / and / many guests / stay overnight / just/
observe / birds / dawn and dusk / when / they / return / their resting spots

16
 _______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. the park staff / offer / eco-trails / show / biodiversity / areas
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 9. Write an article to introduce a one-day tour to Van Long Nature Reserve,
using the cues given below.
Paragraph 1: Introduction to the place
1. Van Long Nature Reserve in Ninh Binh / about 110 km southwest / Ha Noi
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. the tour / helps / tourists / escape / the noise / big cities / and enjoy / the peaceful
atmosphere there
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: The price for a one-day tour
3. the one-day tour / not cost too much / only 850,000 VND / an adult
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. the cost / includes / transportation / entrance fees / boat trips / lunch at the restaurant /
mineral water / the tour guide
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3: Tourists’ activities and travel time
5. leaving Ha Noi / about 8 o’clock / the morning / we / arrive / the Nature Reserve of Van
Long / after a two-hour drive
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6. as soon as / we arrive / we get / a small boat / row along the beautiful wetland of Van Long
I enjoy / the spectacular scenery / surrounded / rice paddles / lotus ponds / limestone
mountains
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
7. after lunch / a local riverside restaurant / we / make / a short transfer down / a peaceful
countryside
road / Hoa Lu, the Citadel of Viet Nam during the Dinh and Tien Le Dynasties for over 40
years
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
8. we / also visit / the temples / Hoa Lu / dedicated / King Dinh / King Le
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
9. then we / get / the coach / and arrive / Ha Noi / at about six o’clock in the evening
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

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Paragraph 3: Booking
10. if you/ would like / book the tour / please fill / the form / our website / your own
information now /and you / get a discount up / 20%
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
11. your information / be kept in secret / it / our company’s policy
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

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