I m pression trays

a nd Tria l dentu re
base
By
Dr/ Moha m med A. El-Sawy
BDS, MSc, PhD
Lectu rer of Prosthetic Denta l Sciense
Facu lty of Dentistry
Menoufia U niversity
 Trays:
I mpression tray:
Device used to ca rry, confi ne a nd control i m pression materia l
whi le ma ki ng a n i m pression.
I m pression


Def: Negative reprod uction of the
enti re dentu re bea ri ng a rea.



Types

Preli mi na ry i m pression:

Made i n a stock tray for ma ki ng a
study cast on which a custom tray is
constructed. (a lg i nate, com pou nd,
putty ru bber base)


Fi na l i m pression


Made i n custom(Specia l) tray a nd it is
used for ma ki ng the master cast (ZOE
i m pression, lig ht, med iu m body
ru bber base)
 Pa rts of the tray:
body (floor a nd fla nges) -ha nd le.

Com ponents

Body Ha nd le

Floor Fla nges

 Types of trays:
I. Stock trays:

• Ready-made .
• Used for ma king the prelimina ry impression.
• Selected to match the sha pe a nd contou r of
the resid ua l ridge a nd to provide for
a pproximately 4 mm bu l k of impression
materia l over the entire basa l seat a rea.
I I- Custom tray (specia l
tray)
•An i ndividua lized
i m pression tray made
from a cast recovered
from a preli mi na ry
i m pression.
•It is used i n ma ki ng a
fi na l i m pression
(Defi nitive)
 Classification of stock tray:

a) Sha pe of the tray:

1. For dentu lous patients
Floor is flat, the fla nges a re hig h (to accom modate teeth). The
ha nd le is i n li ne with the floor.
2- For edentu lous patients
Floor is rou nded ( ridge) , a nd the fla nges a re short. The
ha nd le is bent a nd joi ned at rig ht a ng le to the floor of the
tray to clea r the li p d u ri ng the i m pression
3- For pa rtia l ly edentu lous patients
The tray has flat floor a nd hig h fla nges a nteriorly, whi le
posteriorly, has rou nded floor a nd short fla nges. This type of
tray is suita ble for cases with rema i ni ng a nterior teeth.
b) Natu re of impression materia l (perforated-
non perforated)
• Perforated trays for a lg i nate a nd ru bber base i m pression
materia l
• Non perforated trays a re for plaster or com pou nd i mpression
materia ls.
•Ri m lock tray with cooli ng system to a l low cooli ng for aga r-
aga r i m pression
c) Sha pe of the denta l a rch (sq ua re-ovoid-
ta pered)
d) Size of the denta l a rch (sma l l (no.1) –
mediu m (no.2)-la rge(no.3))
e) Materia ls from which the stock trays a re
constructed (Meta l / Plastics)
Modification of the stock tray

Some adjustment of the stock trays ca n be

made to improve their fit either by:
 Bending.
 Cutting the fla nges.
 Adding hig h fusing modeling compou nd or
wax.
I I. Custom trays: (Specia l trays):

• Made on prelimina ry casts

• Used for ma king the fina l impression
• depends on the impression techniq ue May be:
1. 1- Made d irectly on the prima ry cast
2. 2-Made over a shim or spacer
•
• *Disca rded after use
 Requ irements
• 1-Wel l fitted
Custom • 2-Rigidity
• 3-Dimension accu racy
trays: 4-(no distortion or
(Specia l worpage)
• 5-Easily modified or
trays):
trim med
• 6-Ca n accept border
tracing materia l
• 7-Fla nge shou ld be 2
-4m m short.
Adva ntages:
1. 1-It fits accu rately to the a rches of the
patient. ma ke a more accu rate a nd deta iled
impression tha n stock tray.
2.
3. 2-The bu l k of the impression materia l is
red uced according ly:
1. A-less d imensiona l cha nges wil l be
expected.
2. B-Less materia l is used (economic).
4. 3-More comforta ble to the patient.
 Classification of specia l tray
According to materia l used
I- Thermoplastic Materia ls:
1- Shel lac Base Plate
2- Modeling Compou nd
I I-Resins:
3- Self Cu re acrylic resin.
4- Heat Cu re acrylic resin
5- Lig ht Cu re acrylic resin
I I I- old dentu re
 I- Therrnoplastic
1. Shel lac specia l tray:

Adva ntages: Disadva ntages:

1. Easily 1. wa rpage a nd
constructed, easily d istortion
mod ified 2. Less rig id (brittle).
2. Lig ht in weig ht 3. Ca nnot accept
3. Less expensive. border tracing materia l.
4. u niform thickness
 I- Therrnoplastic
2- Modeli ng com pou nd:

•I mpression compou nd used as custom trays (rig id)

after scra ping 2-3mm from the fitting su rface a nd
fla nges of the impressions. This custom tray is used
for zinc oxide eugenol paste lining
•Adva ntage: less visits by the patient
 I I- resi n
3- Self cu ri ng acrylic:

Adva ntages: Disadva ntages:

 Good strength no need for  Req uire more time in
reinforcement fa brication
 Good d imensiona l sta bility  Difficu lt to control the
 Closely fit to the master thickness
cast  Resid ua l monomer
ca use irritation to ora l
tissues
 I I- resi n
3- Self cu ri ng acrylic:
• Three methods a re used:
1- Sprinkle on method.
2- Doug h method by finger ada ptation

3- Closed (flasking) method

Flaski ng method prod uce the least shri nkage

1- sprin kle on method.
Tech n ique:
* Any u ndercut a re relieved a nd
sepa rating mediu m is a pplied on the
cast.

* Using a n eye d ropper, a pply the

monomer to the cast, a nd ca refu l ly
add the polymer (sa lt a nd pepper
tech n ique) u ntil a sufficient th ickness
is gained over the entire th ickness of
the cast.
 I I- resi n
4- Heat cu ring acrylic:

Adva ntages
• Hig hly fitted to the prima ry cast
• Minima l d imensiona l cha nges
Disadva ntages
• Long time of construction, expensive
• Prod uce pressu re a reas in the impression d ue to
hig h fitness to ora l tissues so need relief
 I I- resi n
5- lig ht cu re acrylics:
Acrylic sheet ada pted to the cast a nd trimmed
2mm short from su lcus depth, then cu red with
lig ht cu ring u nit.

Adva ntages
• Give the time for necessa ry mod ification in border
extension of the tray, a nd when desired sha pe
obta ined, cu ring is made by lig ht

Disadva ntages
• Time consu ming, expensive
I I I- Old dentu re
• Used as a specia l tray in relining a nd rebasing
proced u res or if new dentu re is needed
• The fitting su rface of the dentu re is relieved
2mm a nd the borders a re shortened 2mm
Classification of the trays accordi ng to
the condition of the ridge :
• Closed fit tray
• Open fit tray( spaced)
• Custom tray with wi ndow
 Tray with spacer:
• Indicated for ideal ridges where a uniform pressure can be
given to the entire denture-bearing tissues.*

• It is usually used in the muco-static impression technique.*

• The shim shou ld be of even thickness usua l ly 2 mm.

• The spacer should have three or four perforations

(Tissue stops), two in canine, and two in the molar
region.*
 Fu nction of spacer

• 1- It provides a room of even thickness for the

impression materia l so, → d imensiona l cha nges in the
impression materia l wil l be eq ua l throug hout the
impression.

• 2. I n case of plaster impression materia l, the

suita ble thickness provided wil l hel p the fractu red
a reas to be accu rately assembled.

• 3- Prevent d istortion of the imp.

 Closed fit
tray

• A close fitting tray is made

over the ridge without the
use of a spacer.
• It is usua l ly used in the muco-
compressive impression
techniq ue. d istributing more
load to the stress-bea ring
a reas.
Custom tray with window

• This is i ndicated with
fla bby ridge.
• A control led pressu re
i m pression techniq ue is
i ndicated for the
displacea ble tissue, while
a norma l i m pression ca n
be made for the
rema i nder of the a rch.
Denta l Cast:

It is a positive reprod uction of the form of the

tissues of the u pper or lower a rch made by the
impression over which specia l tray or dentu re
bases a re made
(model) Cast

Type of denta l cast:

• Study cast.
• Master cast.
• Refractory cast.
• Optica l (dig ita l) cast.
 Pou ring the im pression:
(a)Pou ring the prima ry cast.
(b) Pou ring the master cast:
The master cast is pou red either the sa me
as the prima ry cast.
or by boxing the fina l impression to ma inta in
the border
 Boxing of a n im pression:
a. Wax boxing method (for ZOE impression)
• The im pression is beaded using 4mm rol l of bead ing wax
wh ich p la ce d a rou nd the i m p ressio n 3m m. b e low the
border a nd pa ra l lel to it.
• T he tong ue space of the lowe r i m p ression is sea led by
ada pti ng a sheet of base plate wax 3-4 m m. be low the
border of the impression.
• A sidewa l l 12m m of base plate wax is then bu ilt aga i nst
t h e b e a d i n g wa x to m a ke a b ox i nto w h ic h sto n e is
pou red.
b. Plaster of Pa ris a nd pu mice boxing method
• Used for boxing a lg inate, ru bber base a nd silicon
impressions.
• Plaster a nd pu mice is mixed, placed on a g lass
sla b a nd the impression is seated into it with the
fitting su rface u pwa rd.
• The mix is d rawn with a spatu la to a heig ht of
a pproximately 3-4mm below the borders of the
impression a nd 5mm wide.
•After setting it is removed from the g lass sla b,
washed with water a nd trimmed, pa inted with
sepa rating med iu m
•Boxing wax is ada pted to the plaster a nd pu mics
to be 12 mm a bove the hig hest point of the
impression.
•Stone is pou red into boxed impression
Adva ntages of boxing:
• prod uces a conta iner into which stone ca n
be pou red.
• It a l lows preservation of the borders of the
impression.
• It a l lows the use of a mou nting plate .
• Al lows vibration to get rid of a ir bu bbles.
• Boxing prod uce a dense accu rate master
cast of a predetermined thickness.
• Save stone materia l
 Requirements of a
denta l cast:
• The cast base shou ld not
less tha n 10 mm at the
thinnest point.
• Grooves have been placed
for indexing
Su rface ha rdeni ng:
The cast shou ld i m mersed i n
ha rdeni ng solution (potassiu m
su lfate) for 15 mi n. to resist
scratch of the cast.
Tha nk
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