MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 1

1.(a) What is development?

__________________________________________________________________________________
Refers to the growth and change in societies
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_______________________________________________________________________________[1]

(b) State three reasons for the differences in the development levels of countries.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-developing countries export raw materials due to lack of advanced technology while
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__________________________________________________________________________________
developed countries import raw materials because they have complex technology and export
finished.
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-huge debts of developing countries from developed countries
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-political instability in developing countries such as wars and peace in developed countries.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]

2. Identify and define aspects of development.

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economic development-refers to when the country's production increases so that the people
__________________________________________________________________________________
become richer or wealthier
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-social development-refers to the use of the gains from the economic sector to provide people
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__________________________________________________________________________________
with basic amenities.
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-political development-the evolution of mans idea overtime in order for them to make
informed decisions .
_______________________________________________________________________________ [6]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 2

1. Study Fig. 1 which shows some indicators to measure development.

Fig.1

(a)(i) Explain how each indicator shown in Fig.1 is used to measure development.

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(ii) State the disadvantage of using GNP per capita to measure development.

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[10 marks]
(b)(i) Explain how any three political indicators can be used to measure development.

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-vote turnout /the number of people who turn out to vote is high then the level of development
__________________________________________________________________________________
is high and if the vote turnout number is low then the level of development is low.
__________________________________________________________________________________
-number of women in decision making positions -if there is a high percentage of women
__________________________________________________________________________________
in leadership positions .it means that the level of development is high and if the percentage
__________________________________________________________________________________
of women in leadership positions is low then the level of development is low
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(ii) Explain why political development is difficult to measure.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-political development is difficult to measure because it is intangible or immeasurable.
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-it is also difficult to measure because people are unaware of their rights.
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-it is also difficult to measure because of cultural beliefs or religious beliefs e.g
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women being marginalised in development or gender inequalities.
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[10 marks]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 3

1.(a) What is infant mortality rate?

__________________________________________________________________________________
-refers to the average number of babies who die before their first birthday per thousand
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__________________________________________________________________________________
births.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(b) Describe three reasons why developing countries have a high infant mortality rate.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-inadequate healthcare facilities
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-poor nutrition leading to health conditions such as kwarshiorkor.
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-few doctors and nurses.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
2.(a) What is life expectancy?

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-it is the average number of years an individual is likely to live in a particular country.
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__________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) What is life expectancy at birth?

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(c) Give three reasons why world life expectancy is rising.
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-provision of cleaner water supplies to prevent waterborne diseases.
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-the government provides better sanitation to its citizens for good hygiene.
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-provision of supplementary feeding by some countries e.g ,botswana provides supplementary
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__________________________________________________________________________________
feeding such as tsabana.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
3.(a) What is calorie intake?
__________________________________________________________________________________
-refers to the energy value of food eaten .
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(b) State three reasons for low calorie intake in developing countries.
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-high employment rates
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-use of advanced technology
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-availability of wide variety of food to choose from.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
4.(a) Define literacy rate.
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-refers to the number of people who are able to read and write per thousand population.
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(b) Give three importance of literacy to development?
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
5.(a) Define adult literacy rate.
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-refers to the number of people of 18 years of age who are able to read and write per thousand
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__________________________________________________________________________________
thousand population
_______________________________________________________________________________ [1]
Male literacy rate is higher in most countries than female literacy rate

(b) Suggest three reasons for the difference between male and female literacy rates
__________________________________________________________________________________
-it is because of teenage pregnancy.
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-it is caused by cultural practices such as early marriages and polygamy
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-it is due to the the belief that educating women was a waste of time.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 4

1.Fig. 1 shows infant mortality rate for selected countries in 2012.

Developing countries Infant Mortality Rate Developed countries Infant Mortality Rate
(deaths per 1000 live (deaths per 1000 live
births) births)
Niger 110 Russia 10
Mozambique 77 United States 6
Cambodia 54 Greece 5
Haiti 52 Norway 4
Bangladesh 49 France 3
Source: CIA World Factbook

Fig.1

(a)(i) What is the infant mortality rate for Mozambique?

__________________________________________________________________________________
-77 deaths per 1000 live births.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) Which country has the

france
Lowest infant mortality rate; _____________________________

niger
Highest infant mortality rate? _____________________________ [2]

(b)Describe the relationship between infant mortality rate and the people’s level of income.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-the higher the infant mortality rate the lower the peoples level of income,and the lower the
__________________________________________________________________________________
the infant mortality rate the higher the peoples level of income.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(c) State three reasons why developing countries have high infant mortality rates.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-lack of widespread of immunisation programmes which leads to infant killer diseases such
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
as polio
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-lack of access to clean water supplies by majority of infants and mothers
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-it is due to inadequate healthcare facilities
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__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________ [3]

(d) Suggest ways by which developing countries can reduce infant mortality rate.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-the use of widespread immunisation programmes that aim to aim to fight against
__________________________________________________________________________________
infant killer diseases such as polio.
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-provision of cleaner water supplies to all people.
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-construction of more healthcare facilities for example hospitals ,clinics.
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-
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 5

1.Fig. 2 shows Primary School enrolment for some countries in Africa (2007-2010).

Country Enrolment Rate (%)

Male Female Total

Algeria 96 94 95

Botswana 86 88 87

Burkina Faso 68 60 64

Cameroon 97 86 92

Egypt 97 94 95

Ethiopia 86 81 84

Ghana 76 77 76

Kenya 83 84 83

Lesotho 71 76 73

Malawi 89 94 91

Namibia 88 92 90

Nigeria 66 60 63

Rwanda 95 97 96

Senegal 74 76 75

South Africa 89 90 90

Tanzania 96 97 97

Zambia 91 94 92

Source: www.childifo.org/education

Fig. 1
(a)(i) Which country has the lowest enrolment percentage for males?
nigeria
_________________________________________ [1]

(ii) What is the total enrolment for Algeria?

-
_________________________________________ [1]

(b) Describe two common causes of school dropouts in Botswana.

__________________________________________________________________________________
-lack of money to pay school fees due to high unemployment and poverty.
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-performing of domestic chores by students
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__________________________________________________________________________________
-teenage pregnancy
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [2]

(c) State three reasons why educating women is important for the economic development of the
country.

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(d) Suggest three ways by which governments of African countries can increase school enrolment for
girls.

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______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 6

1.Fig. 1 shows the overall percentages of boys and girls at school in developing countries and girls at
school in the United Kingdom. (2010)

(a)(i) Which age group has the highest number of boys and girls at school in developing countries?

_____________________________________ [1]

(ii) What percentage of girls of ages 6 to 11 years are at school in the United Kingdom?

_____________________________________ [1]

(b) Suggest two reasons for the low numbers of girls who attend school in developing countries.

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_______________________________________________________________________________ [2]
(c) Describe how families can benefit from educating girls.

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(d) Suggest three measures that governments of developing countries can take to encourage more
girls to attend school.

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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 7

1(a) Define Gross National Product.

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_______________________________________________________________________________[1]

(b) State three reasons why GNP per capita is not a good measure of development.

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2.(a)Define GNP per capita.

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(b) Give three reasons why Countries of the North have a higher GNP than those of the South.

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3.(a) What is meant by energy use per capita?

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(b) Give three reasons for high energy use in developed countries.

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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
4.Fig. 1 shows a list of countries and their indicators of development. Use it to answer question 4(a)

Fig.1

(a)(i) Using Fig. 3 only, describe three economic characteristics of developed countries.

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(ii) Explain why there are differences in the levels of development between developed and developing
countries.

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[10 marks]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 8

1.(a) Define the modernisation theory.

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(b) Describe any three stages of the modernisation theory.

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2.(a) Define Sustainable Development.

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(b) Describe three ways of achieving sustainable development in a country.
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_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]

Pollution has proved to be a global problem and an obstacle against sustainable development.

3.(a) What is pollution?

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_______________________________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) State three sources of air pollution
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(c) Describe three ways by which air pollution can be prevented
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Land pollution is also an obstacle towards sustainable development.

4.(a) Define land pollution.

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(b) State three causes of land pollution.
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(c) Describe three ways by which land pollution can be controlled
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5(a) Define dependency theory.

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(b) State three policy implications of the dependency theory.
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__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ [3]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 9

1. Study Fig. 1, which shows some theories of development.

Fig.1

(a)(i) Describe the stages of the Modernisation theory.

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(ii) Describe the benefits to the people of a country where modernisation has taken place.

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___________________________________________________________________________

[10 marks]

(b)(i) Describe the factors that slow down development in the developing countries.

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(ii) Explain how social indicators are used to measure development.

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___________________________________________________________________________

[10 marks]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 10

1..Study Fig. 1, which shows the division of the world into countries of the North and countries of the
South.

Fig.1

(a)(i) Describe the geographical locations of the countries of the South.

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(ii) Describe the economic characteristics of the countries of the North.

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[10 marks]

(b)(i) Describe the challenges faced by the countries of the South as a result of globalisation.

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(ii) Suggest ways through which globalisation encourages development of all countries.

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_______________________________________________________________________________

[10 marks]
 MASUNGA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

Name: _____________________________________ Surname: _____________________________

Class: ____________ Date: __________/___________/__________

Module 1: Measuring & Investigating Development

Class Exercise 11

1.Study Fig. 1, which shows the Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs), and answer questions (a)(i)
and (ii).

Fig.1

(a)(i) Describe the location of the Newly Industrialised Countries.

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(ii) Explain the challenges which are faced by the Newly Industrialised Countries.

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______________________________________________________________________________

[10 marks]