UNIT-2: Introduction to C++
Constants:
When you do not want others (or yourself) to change existing
variable values, use the const keyword (this will declare the variable
as "constant", which means unchangeable and read-only):
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const int MYNUM = 15;
MYNUM = 10;
cout << MYNUM;
Output:
return 0;
} In function 'int main()':
6.9: error: assignment of
read-only variable 'myNum'
Example: Enumeration Type
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
enum week
{
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
};
int main()
{
week today;
today = Wednesday;
cout << "Day " << today+1;
return 0; Output
Day 4
}
Implicit Type Conversion :
Program to convert int to float type using implicit type conversion
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
// assign the integer value
int num1 = 25;
// declare a float variable
float num2;
// convert int value into float variable using implicit conversion
num2 = num1;
cout << " The value of num1 is: " << num1 << endl;
cout << " The value of num2 is: " << num2 << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
The value of num1 is: 25
The value of num2 is: 25
Explicit Type Conversion:
Program to convert one data type into another using the assignment operator
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
// declare a float variable
float num2;
// initialize an int variable
int num1 = 25;
// convert data type from int to float
num2 = (float) num1;
cout << " The value of int num1 is: " << num1 << endl;
cout << " The value of float num2 is: " << num2 << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
The value of int num1 is: 25
The value of float num2 is: 25.0
