Intermediate Student's Book

Liz & John Soars

Oxford
Contents LANGUAGE INPUT

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Postscript

1 What a wonderful world! Auxiliary verbs Sounds and spelling Social expressions
p6 do, be, have meat great Never mind!
I'd /ei/ It's my round.
Naming the tenses You must be joking!
Silent letters
Questions and negatives p 14
knee Iriv.l
Short answers P 12

2 Happiness! Present time Sports and leisure activities Numbers

p 15 Present Simple and Continuous play tennis Money, fractions, decimals,
Action and state verbs go swimming percentages, phone numbers,
do aerobics dates
walk know
P22 p23
Present passive

3 Telling tales Past time Art. music and literature Giving opinions
p24 Past Simple and Continuous chapter What did you think of the play?
orchestra It was boring!
Past Simple and Past Perfect p34
Verbs and nouns that go together
Past passive paint a portrait
p29

Stop and Check 1 Teacher's Book p 136

4 Doing the right thing Modal verbs (1) Adjectives that describe people Requests and offers
p35 Obligation and permission punctual friendly Could you ...'.'
can, have to, allowed to p39 Can you ...?
must, mustn't, should Word formation I'll.'..
behave - behaviour Shall I...?
stranger - strange p44
p42 *

5 On the move Future forms The weather Travelling around

p45 going to and will storm shower Using public transport
Present Continuous chilly freezing Requests in a hotel
p50 p55

6 Likes and dislikes Questions with like Words that go together Signs and soundbites
p56 Do you like tea? tall people Dry clean only
What's she like? historic town I'm just looking, thank you.
rich food p64
Verb patterns
p59
want to do
enjoy meeting

Stop and Check 2 Teacher's Book p 138

2 Contents Language input

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

• Speaking • Listening • Writing

'Wonders of the modern world' Information gap - A group of people talk about Correcting language
p 10 The life of a Times their wonders of the modern mistakes in an
journalist p 9 world T.6 informal letter
Discussion - What's pll Symbols for correction
the most important pl3
invention? p 12

'Sister Wendy, TV star' - the Discussion - What's Three people talk about their Descriptive writing (1)
nun who is also a TV star important to you in favourite sport or leisure Describing a person
p20 life? Clothes? Travel? p 21 activity T.I 5 Adverbs of degree
Talking about your p22 quite young
favourite sports p 22 rather attractive
p22

'The writer, the painter and the Talking about your favourite 'The holiday that wasn't' - Writing a narrative
musician' (jigsaw) poem, piece of music, or a frightening holiday My worst holiday
p 30 painting p 29 experience T.23 Adverbs
Exchanging information about p33 suddenly
a famous writer, painter and however
musician p 30 P33

'A world guide to good Talking about school rules p 37 School days long ago T.26 Filling in a form
manners' - how to behave Nationality stereotypes p 39 p37 p43
properly in different parts
of the world Discussion - the rules of Entertaining friends in three
p40 etiquette in different different countries T.29
countries p 41 p42

'If it's Tuesday we must be in Arranging to meet p 49 The geography of the British Sending a fax
Munich' - American tourists Class survey - favourite Isles T.36 p 54
in Europe holidays p 53 A weather forecast T.37
P 51 p50

'In search of (good) English Talking about food, cooking Two English people talk about Descriptive writing (2)
food' - a history of and restaurants p 61 living in New York; an Describing a room
English food Exchanging information American gives her p63
p60 about capital cities p 62 impressions of living in Relative pronouns
London (jigsaw) T.46 who, which, that,
p62 where, whose
p64

Skills Development Contents 3

 LANGUAGE INPUT

Unit Grammar Vocabulary Postscript

7 The world of work Present Perfect Simple Multi-word verbs On the telephone
p65 Present Perfect vs look after us Do you want to hold?
Past Simple turn on the light Can J take a message?
Present Perfect passive p72 Leaving a message on an
answer phone
p75

8 Imagine! Conditionals Base and strong adjectives Making suggestions

p76 First conditional big huge Let's go shopping!
Second conditional p82 You ought to ask/or
Modifying adverbs a pay rise.
Zero conditional p85
very big
Time clauses absolutely enormous
when as soon as p82

9 Relationships Modal verbs (2) Character adjectives Agreeing and disagreeing

p86 Probability (present and past) sociable So do I!
must be easy-going Neither do I!
might have been p 91 p95
can'f go
could have gone

Stop and Check 3 Teacher's Book p 140

10 Obsessions Present Perfect Continuous Compound nouns Complaining

p96 Simple vs Continuous postcard too much
Present Perfect vs Past Simple post office not enough
dining room
Time expressions The soup's too salty,
p 103
since I left school p 106
until 1 met Jack

11 Tell me about it! Indirect questions Verbs and nouns that Informal language
P 107 I don't know where go together ninety quid
he lives. whistle a tune What's up with
Question tags Idioms him?
It's a lovely day, isn't it? p 115
drop someone a line
p 111

12 Two weddings, a birth Reported speech Words connected Saying sorry

and a funeral! Reported statements and with birth, marriage Pardon?
p 116 questions and death Excuse me!
Reported commands honeymoon pram Social situations
Practice of the p 125
phonetic script
p 120

Stop and Check 4 Teacher's Book p 142

Tapescripts p 126 Grammar Reference p 142

4 Contents Language input

 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

• Speaking • Listening • Writing

The modern servant' - Exchanging information about Thomas Wilson - Formal letters
the nanny, the cook and the lives of three modern a retired man talks to A letter of application
the gardener (jigsaw) servants p 72 his granddaughter p74
p70 Roleplay - choosing a career about his life T.51
p72 P73

Discussion - retirement p 74

'Who wants to be a Maze - you've won £5m. Song - 'Who wants to be a Words that join ideas
millionaire? We do!' - the Where will your life go from millionaire?" T.57 Linking devices and comment
ups and downs of winning here? p82 p80 adverbs in an informal letter
a fortune although however
Discussion - Which charity Three charity appeals -
p80 actually anyway
would you give to? p 83 Which one would you give
to? T.59 p84
p83

'The man who planted trees' Quiz - What sort of person are Two people talk about Sentence combination
- a short story by Jean you? p 91 their families - one from Describing a person and
Giono, which shows how a large family, the other a place
Class survey about brothers
the actions of one person an only child T.65 p94
and sisters p 91
can change the world p 91
p92

'Death cigarettes? You must be Discussion •••• the right to smoke? Collectors and their collections Beginning and ending letters,
joking!' - an interview with the p 102 (jigsaw) T.75 formal and informal
man who markets a cigarette pl04 p 105
Exchanging information about
called Death
two collectors p 104
p 100
Guessing game p 104

'You ask... we answer!' - Information gap - Madame 'The forgetful generation' - Producing a class poster p 113
questions and answers from Tussaud's p 108 a radio programme T.83 For and against - living in the city
a science magazine Stories of forgetfulness p 114 p 114 what is more
p 112 on the plus side
p 114

'David Copperfield' - an Discussion - What are the Two people give statements to Correcting language mistakes in
extract about the day of customs connected with the police (jigsaw) T.88 an informal letter
David's birth from the novel births, weddings and funerals? p 119 P 124
by Charles Dickens pl20
A poem - 'Funeral blues' by
p 121
The day I was born! p 120 W H Auden T.90
P 123

Appendix 1 - Irregular verbs p 157 Appendix 2 - Verb patterns p 158 Index p 159 Phonetic symbols (inside back cover)

Skills Development Contents 5

 What a wonderful world!
Auxiliary verbs
Social expressions

PRESENTATION
Test your grammar

1 Make questions with you from the sentences. Auxiliary verbs

Example 1 Answer the questions in the quiz.
come from Australia. {Where?)

Where do you
come from? General knowledge

QUIZ
a I live in a flat near the centre of town. (Where?)
When did the modern
b I speak three languages. (How many?)
c I'm learning English because I need it for my job. Olympic Games start?
(Why?) a 1876 b 1888 c 1896
d I've been to France, Germany, Sweden, and the
United States. (Which countries?) 2 How long does it take for
e I was born in Dublin in 1961. (Where? When?)
the sun's rays to reach Earth?
f I've been learning English for three years. (How long?)
g I have two brothers and a sister. (How many?) a 8 minutes b 8 hours c 8 days
h I've got £10 in my pocket. {How much?)
1 I went to the cinema last night. (Where?) 3 What was Neil Armstrong doing when he
j I'm wearing jeans and a jumper. (What?) said, 'That's one small step for a man,
In pairs, ask and answer the questions about you. one giant leap for mankind'?
Tell the class about your partner.

2 Make the statements negative. 4 What doesn't a vegan eat?

Example
O If you are buying things with
I smoke.
rupees, which country are
don't smoke. you in?

a My mother works in a bank. O Where were the first books

b It's raining.
printed?
c I went out last night.
d I'm learning Russian. a Germany
e We've got a dog. b Egypt
f I had a shower this morning. c China
g English is spoken in every country in the world.

6 Unit 1 What a wonderful world!

2 T.1 Listen and check your answers. PRACTICE
3 Find an example of the following tenses in the quiz. 1 Grammar and pronunciation
Present Simple Past Simple 1 Correct the factual mistakes in sentences a-k and
Present Continuous Past Continuous give the right information.
Present Simple passive Past Simple passive
Present Perfect Simple T.2a First listen to the sentence stress in the example.
Example
• Grammar question The sun rises in the west.
It doesn't rise in the west!
- When do we use the auxiliary verbs do, be, and have! It rises in the east!
Think of tenses, negatives and questions.
a The Pope comes from Australia.
4 Write some general knowledge questions. Ask the class. b The teacher's wearing a swimming costume.
c People drive on the right in Britain.
d My mother has got ten sisters and brothers.
e We went to Iceland on holiday last summer.
f I had a huge breakfast.
g Tt'll snow tomorrow.
h We're learning Chinese.
i I live in a palace.
j Champagne is made in Scotland.
7
In which religion k Cats and dogs can swim.
are the gods T.2b Listen and check your answers.
Brahma, Vishnu
and Siva
worshipped? 2 Write questions for the answers.
Example
;:
Which record album has How many books did you read on holiday?
sold more than any other? Four.
a What last night?
What does VIP stand for? I stayed in and watched television.
b What sort of books reading?
Why didn't Ben Johnson I like horror stories and science fiction.
get the gold medal for the
100 metres at the Seoul c been to America?
Olympics? Yes, I have. I went there last year. I really enjoyed it.
d What the teacher _____________?
What was Abraham Lincoln She's helping Maria with this exercise.
doing when he was e your father do?
assassinated? He works in a bank.
f Why your homework last night?
How many times has Brazil Because I didn't feel well.
won the World Cup? g How long it take you to come to
school?
How many wings does a butterfly have? It takes me about twenty minutes. I come by bus.
h What doing next weekend?
If you are eating I don't know. I haven't got any plans yet.
sushi, what i you a CD player at
exactly are
home?
you eating?
No, I haven't. Just a tape recorder.

In pairs, ask and answer the questions about you.

What a wonderful world! Unit 1 7

2 is or has? 4 Stand up! Ask three students the following yes/no
questions. Add one or two questions of your own. I
T.3 Listen to the sentences. They all contain 's. a tick (/) or a cross (X) in the columns. Give short
Say if 's = is or 's = has. answers in your reply.
Example
She's got a BMW. has S1 S2
Peter's waiting near the door, is
Do you play a musical instrument?

3 Short answers Does anyone in your family smoke?

1 T.4a Read and listen to the breakfast conversation.
Have you got any pets?
Dad Morning! Did you sleep well?
Emma Yes. Can you cook?
Dad Do you want any breakfast?
Emma No. I'm not hungry. Are you going out tonight?
Dad Oh. Have you fed the cat?
Emma Yes. Did you watch TV last night?
Dad Has the post come?
Emma No. • Have you been to the cinema recently?
Dad OK. Are you going to be late tonight?
Emma No. I'll be back at the usual time.

4 Reading and tenses

Read the text about The Times newspaper. Put the verb
in brackets into the correct tense. There are examples
active and passive sentences.
Example
The Times is printed (print) six days a week,
from Monday to Saturday.

2 T.4b Listen to a similar dialogue. What's the

difference?
We use short answers in spoken English because yes or
no on its own can sound impolite.
Practise the dialogue using short answers.

3 T.5 Answer the questions you hear with a short

answer.

8 Unit 1 What a wonderful world!

 The Times, symbol of tradition and establishment
THE TIMES is one of Britain's oldest and most in London, along with its sister newspaper, The
influential newspapers. It (a) (begin) Sunday Times, which (g) . . (have) at
its life in 1785. It (b) (start) by John least ten sections and takes all week to read!
Walter. In those days it (c) (cost) 'The Times (h) (have) an excellent
two and a half old pennies. reputation for over 200 years,' said its editor, who
In the nineteenth century, The Times (i) _ _ _ (work) for the paper since 1980,
(d) (develop) a reputation for 'and now we (j) — (try) our best to
accurate reporting and independent editorial continue that tradition in order to produce a
views. Now it (e) (sell) over newspaper for the twenty-first century.'
650,000 copies a day. It (f) (publish)

5 Speaking LANGUAGE REVIEW

Work in pairs. Your teacher will give you some
information about a journalist called Charles Auxiliary verbs
Hendrickson, who has worked for The Times and other The auxiliary verbs do, be and have are used to express
newspapers. You will not have the same information as various grammatical functions, for example to form
your partner. questions and negatives, and to form tenses.
Ask and answer questions to complete the mformation.
do
Example Do, does and did are used to form the question and
Student A Student B negative in the Present Simple and the Past Simple.
Charles Hendrickson was Charles Hendrickson Where do you work? I don't like the rain.
born in ... (When?). was born in 1940. He What does she do? He doesn't want to go home.
He went to school in Paris went to school in ... Why did you go to Paris? We didn't buy anything.
and Geneva. (Where?).
be
Be is used with -ing forms and past participle forms to
make continuous and passive verb forms.
She's wearing new shoes. The Times is published in
Where did he
London.
go to school?
What were you doing this I was born in India.
morning?
I've been learning English My money's been stolen.
for three years.
have
Have is used to make perfect verb forms.
Have you ever seen a ghost?
She's been waiting for two hours.

Grammar Reference: page 142.

What a wonderful world! Unit 1 9

 READING AND LISTENING
Pre-reading task
Wonders of th
1 In the 2nd century BC a list was made of the most
impressive and beautiful man-made objects in the
modern work
world. These were called The Seven Wonders of by Ann Halliday
the World.
Match each picture in the box with its name.
How many can we still see today?

The Pharos, lighthouse of Alexandria

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The Colossus of Rhodes
The Pyramids of Egypt
The Tomb of Mausolus
The Temple of Diana

I DON'T believe that today's wonders are similar in

kind to the wonders of the Ancient World. They we
all buildings and statues. In the last two centuries v
have seen unprecedented technical and scientific
achievements. These are surely our modern wonder
Here is my list.
2 "What do you think are some of the greatest wonders of 1 Computers
the twentieth century? Don't just think of buildings! They have already revolutionized the way we live a
work. But it is early days for computers. We don't
Reading know how much they are still changing the world.
More computer wonders are yet to come.
1 In the text, the journalist, Ann Halliday, describes
what are for her the seven wonders of the modern 2 Space Travel
world. Read about them. Only a few years before men were walking on the me
2 In what way does she say modern wonders are reputable scientists declared that it was impossible. ]
different from ancient wonders? in 1969 Neil Armstrong stepped out of his space cap;
and made his famous statement: 'That's one small st
Put them in order, 1 - 7. according to which you think
for a man, one giant leap for mankind'.
is the most important (1 = the most important, 7 =
the least important). 3 Medical Science
computers QJ space travel Surely nothing has done more for the comfort and
happiness of mankind than the advance of medical
medical science |] holidays
knowledge! How many millions of people have
the Olympic Games Q agriculture benefited from the humble aspirin? How many live;
we are still here has penicillin saved? Average life expectancy in Eur<
has risen dramatically over the last hundred years,
Discuss your decisions as a class. from about 50 years in 1906 to about 75 years today

10 Unit 1 What a wonderful world!

4 Holidays
Yes — holidays! In fact there have always been
holidays — in ancient Rome there were more than
150 a year — but a holiday used to mean simply a
day when you didn't work. Now holidaymakers
travel to all parts of the world. Perhaps you don't
like so many tourists in your country, but you
must agree that a phenomenon which sees the
population of Greece treble in summer, and
which sends office workers and shop assistants
to Spain, Turkey, or the Caribbean is a wonder of
the world.
Comprehension check
5 The Olympic Games Here are seven more statements made by Ann about her
It is true that the Olympic Games are now choice of wonders. Which statement goes with which
commercialized and there is greed and drug abuse. wonder? Discuss your answers with a partner.
However, it is a competition in which every country
in the world takes part. Every four years, for a brief a Surgeons can perform the most amazing operations.
moment, we see these countries come together in b We see people from warring countries shake hands,
peace and friendship. We feel hope again for the c Small children can program them, sometimes more
future of mankind. easily than adults!
d No government dares to use such weapons,
6 Agriculture e Maybe visiting one country a day is not your idea of
In 1724, Jonathan Swift wrote, 'Whoever makes two the best way to see the world!
blades of grass or two ears of corn grow where only f We produce enough to feed the world.
one grew before serves mankind better than the g Progress in this area is slower now. Not as much
whole race of politicians'. In Europe our farmers money goes into research as in the 1960s.
have done this. In 1709, whole villages in France died
of hunger. Now, in Europe we can't eat all the food
we produce. If only the politicians could find a way Language work
to share it with those parts of the world where there Complete the following with the correct auxiliary verb in
is still famine. the positive or negative form. Check your answers with
the text.
1 Computers already revolutionized the
way we live and work.
2 We know how much they
still changing the world.
3 Only a few years before men walking
on the moon, scientists said that it was impossible.
4 How many lives . penicillin saved?
5 A holiday used to mean a day when you
work.
6 The Olympic Games now
commercialized.

Listening
T.6 You will hear three people giving their ideas of
We are still here the wonders of the modern world.
The last wonder of the modern world is simply that
we are still here. We have bombs that could destroy - Make a list of the wonders they mention.
the world but we have not used them. This is surely - What is good about each wonder?
the greatest wonder of all! 60 - Are there any problems with it?

What a wonderful world! Unit 1 11

 SPEAKING c /u:/ or /u7?
good food wood stood
Discussion f /ei/ or lv.ll
1 What machines are important in your life? In pairs, ache break take weak
put the inventions in order. Which do you think is the
most important? Which has changed the world the g /is/ or /es/?
dear hear pear near
most? Mark them 1 for the most important down to
10 for the least important. h hul or /au/?
cows knows owes rose
the telephone the atom bomb
the car T.7 Listen and check your answers.
the space rocket
the television the computer
the plane the fax machine Silent letters
the space satellite the washing 1 There are many silent letters in English words.
machine lis/en ta/k ^rite j^nife
Cross out the silent letters in the following words,
2 Work in groups of four. Try to persuade the others
that your order is the right one! a sign e receipt i salmon
b honest f knee j cupboard
3 Talk together as a class. What other machines would c half g iron k whistle
you add to the list?
d comb h lamb 1 answer

2 Here are some words in phonetics. Write the words.

VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION Careful! They all have silent letters.
Example /klaimd/ = climbed
Sounds and spelling
a /'ka:sl/ f /'foran/
1 English spelling, as you probably know, is not logical! b /bom/ g /ha:t/
Words which look as though they are pronounced the
same aren't pronounced the same. h
meat imv.tl and great /greit/ d /'aibnd/
home /haurn/ and some /sAm/ e /nok/ j /'grsenma:/
know /nsu/ and now /nau/
T.8 Listen and check your answers.
2 In the following lists of words, three words rhyme, but
one is different. Underline the one that's different. The Love poem!
two vowel sounds are given to help you. There is a list Can you read the poem?
of phonetic symbols on the inside back cover of this
book.
Example
/u:/ or lull
boot foot shoot suit
rsuziz 3 red
a I'd or /e/? 5a skai iz blu:
bread head read (past) read (present) 5a w3:ld iz WAndsfol
sau a ju:
b / 3 :/or/o:/?
work fork talk walk
c /A/ or hull
done phone son won
d Id or hill
paid made played said

12 Unit 1 What a wonderful world!

 WRITING

Correcting mistakes
1 It is important to try to correct your own mistakes
when you write. Look at the letter that a student has
written to her friend. Her teacher has used symbols
to show her the kind of mistakes she has made.

2 Write a similar letter. Imagine you are a student (of

languages? of art? of music?) in another town. Write a
letter to a friend giving some of your news.

What a wonderful world! Unit 1 13

Social expressions 2 T.9a Listen and check your answers. Memorize
some of the dialogues. Close your books and practi
1 When we're talking and chatting, we use a lot of them in pairs.
idiomatic expressions!
Example 3 T,9b Listen to the sentences. Reply, using one of
lines in column B. You will have to change some of
Hurry up, we're late! them a little.

Hang on a sec. I'm just 4 Choose some of the dialogues and continue them.
going to the loo.

Match a line in A with a line in B.

a e i
b f j
c g k
d h

a Sorry I'm late. I got held up in the traffic.

b Bye, Mum! I'm off to school now.
c Have you heard that Jenny's going out with Pete Boyd?
d How long did it take you to do the homework?
e I don't know about you, but I'm fed up with this
weather.
f Who was that I saw you with last night?
g I'm tired. I'm having next week off.
h Right! Let's go for a ten-mile jog in the park!
i Let me buy you a drink. Example
A What a fantastic coat! Was it expensive?
j Shall we meet this afternoon at 3.00?
B It cost an absolute fortune. But the material's
k What a fantastic coat! Was it expensive? beautiful, and it's got a silk lining.
A Where did you get it?
B B / saw ii in the window of that new shop in town;
1 No, no. It's my round. What would you like? you know, it's called 'Chic'.
A Yes, I know it. They have some lovely stuff don't
2 That's a good idea. The break will do you good. they?
3 Me, too. I'm just longing for some sunshine.
4 Never mind. You're here now. Come and sit down.
5 Ages. What about you?
6 It cost an absolute fortune!
7 Really? I don't know what she sees in him.
8 Sorry. I can't make it then. What about a bit later?
9 Take care, my love. Have a nice day!
10 You must be joking!
11 Mind your own business!

14 Unit 1 What a wonderful world!

 Happiness!
Present states and actions
Active and passive
Numbers

Test your grammar PRESENTATION (1)

Look at the pairs of sentences. Present Simple
Which one is correct? Why?
1 What do you think is the happiest time of a
1 She speaks five languages. person's life: when you are a child or an adult?
She's speaking five languages.

2 Look at that man! He wears such

a funny hat.
Look at that man! He's wearing
such a funny hat.

3 Don't take that book back to the

library. I'm reading it.
Don't take that book back to the
library. I read it.

4 They have two daughters and

two sons.
They're having two daughters
and two sons.
5 Do you understand Spanish? 2 A market research organization did a survey to find out who are the
Are you understanding Spanish? happiest people in Britain! They interviewed over 5,000 people.
Here are the results of the survey. At what time in their lives are British
people happiest? When are they least happy? Why do you think this is?

The best years of our lives

6 We're thinking opera is boring.

We think opera is boring.

7 English speaks all over the world.

English is spoken all over the
world. 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Happiness! Unit 2 15
3 T. 10 Read and listen to the text.

The happiest person

in Britain
The happiest person in Britain today is a
professional married man between the ages of 35
and 54. He lives in the south of England but not in
London. He owns a comfortable, detached house
and has two children.
What does he do?
He has a steady job in an office in London. After a Mr Happy!
hard day at work, he relaxes in front of the television John Smith aged 45
or watches a video. He doesn't go out every evening, an accountant
but two evenings a week he meets friends for a drink from Surrey
in the local pub. He owns a pet, usually a dog, and
takes it for a walk every day after work. He spends on
average £120 per week.
Where does he go?
At the weekend, he regularly eats in restaurants, goes
to see shows, and plays a sport (usually golf). Most
weekends he puts on a pair of old blue jeans, and
potters in the garden. He usually goes on holiday
abroad more than once a year.
What does his wife do?
His wife is happy, too, but not quite as happy. She runs
the home and has a job, but she doesn't earn as much
as her husband.

• Grammar questions
- What tense are all the verbs in italics'? Why?
- Why do the verbs in the text end in -si
- Which auxiliary verb is used to form questions and
negatives in the Present Simple?

PRACTICE e How much ... per week?

f What... do at the weekend?
Speaking g How often ... holiday abroad?
1 Ask and answer questions about John Smith. T.11 Listen and check your answers.
Example 2 Ask and answer the same questions with a partner.
... married?
Are you married? V
Is he married? — " ~ ^ ^ N o , I'm not.
•^/ Yes, he is. 3 John Smith's lifestyle doesn't seem very exciting.
a Where ... live? -- Why do you think he is so happy?
b What... do? - Why is his wife less happy?
c How many children ...? - Do you think men are generally happier than wome
d How ... relax after work? in your country?

16 Unit 2 Happiness!
 2 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the exact
PRESENTATION (2) words Roger uses.
a In summer I usually home at about
Present Simple and Present Continuous
5.30 in the morning.
Active and passive
b I a small van, and I all
1 T.I2 Look at the photograph of Roger Dromard.
my tools and equipment in that.
also aged 45, and listen to him talking about himself.
Answer the questions. c It's autumn now so I _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ the gardens and
leaves.
d I lots of daffodils and tulips.
e After work I always home and
in a hot bath.
f I usually our evening meal because she
(Fiona) home from work after me.
g At weekends we often into the country
and to antique shops and antique sales,
h We a television! Everybody
one these days but we
i I _ old radios and Fiona
old cookery books.
What's the best thing that ever happened to him? j I've just bought two 1930s radios and I
What was his job before? What does he do now?
Where does he live? them and _ them.
Is he married? k I never any sports.
What does Fiona do? Does Roger earn more than 1 I _ much in autumn and winter so I
Fiona?
What is Roger's hobby? What is Fiona's hobby? much at the moment.
Does Roger play any sports?
Are there any problems with his job? Grammar questions
Does he often eat out in restaurants?
Is Roger's life like John Smith's? Is he happy? - What tense are the verbs in sentences a and b? Why?
0 *** Find some more examples of this tense.
- What tense are the verbs which complete sentence c?
Why? Find some more examples.
- What part of speech are the words in italics1} Which
tense do they (nearly always) go with?

3 Look at the pictures. Describe what's happening.

Example
Roger's cutting the grass. He's wearing shorts.

Happiness! Unit 2 17
PRACTICE 3 Discussing grammar

1 Note-taking and speaking

Write notes about John Smith and Roger Dromard under
the headings. Action and state verbs

John Smith 1 Some verbs are used in both simple and

continuous tenses.
Work Home & Family
She usually drives to work but today she isn't
driving, she's walking.
These are called action verbs.
2 Some verbs are not usually used in the
continuous tenses. These are called state verbs.
/ like black coffee.
(NOT *l'm liking black coffee.)
Talk to a partner. How many Do you know the answer?
similarities and differences can you find? (NOT * Are you knowing the answer?)

2 Dialogues Work in pairs and discuss your answers.

1 T.13 Read and listen to the dialogue. Then work in I Ten of the verbs in the box are not usually used in tl|
pairs, and read and memorize it. Present Continuous.
Underline them.
A What do you do?
B I'm an interior designer. T decorate people's houses, go understand believe like agree enjoy
and give them ideas for furniture and lighting. cost want listen to think (= opinion)
A And what are you doing at the moment? mean know play love tell
B Well, I'm not working on a house. I'm working on
a hotel. I'm designing a new dining-room for the 2 Put a tick ( / ) if the sentence is right and a cross (X)
Hilton. it is wrong. Correct the mistakes.
2 Work in pairs. Make up similar dialogues with some of Example
the jobs below. I don't understand English newspapers. /
What are you wanting to drink? X
3 Ask each other about your own jobs or studies. What do you want to drink?
a Jim isn't wanting an ice-cream. He doesn't like it.
b We're enjoying the course very much. We're learning
a lot.
c I'm understanding you but I'm not agreeing with yoj
d Do you think that Vanessa plays golf well?
c I'm sorry. I'm not knowing the answer,
f I'm not believing you. You're telling lies,
g They know the car costs a lot of money but they waj
to buy it.
a film director a mechanic a football manager an artist h She listens to a French song but she doesn't
understand what it is meaning.

an architect a ski instructor a journalist a traffic warden a travel agent an actor a plumber a farmer
3 Complete the following pairs of sentences using the 2 One hour is 60 minutes, which is 3,600
verb in italics. Use the Present Simple for one and the seconds. A lot can happen in that time!
Present Continuous for the other.
a come Read about some of the things that happen all over
Alec and Mary are Scottish. They the world. Put the verb in brackets into either Present
from Glasgow. Simple or Present Simple passive.
They'll be here very soon. They __ by Example
car. Every hour the planet Earth travels (travel)
66,620 miles around the sun.
b have Eleven earthquakes are felt (feel) somewhere in
Lisa can't answer the phone. She the world.
bath.
She two new pairs of jeans.
c think
Look at what happens
I that all politicians tell lies. in just 60 minutes!
I about my girlfriend. She's in New
York at the moment. 1 The world's population (grow) by 9,300.

d not enjoy 2 £75 million (spend) on all kinds of

weapons.
We __„ this party at all. The music is too
loud. 3 Your heart (beat) 4,800 times.
We going to big parties.
4 Your hair _ _ (grow)
e watch 0.18796 mm.
Be quiet! I my favourite programme. 5 12,540,000 cans of Coca-Cola
I always „ it on Thursday evenings. (drink).

f see 6 916,500 McDonald's hamburgers

(eat).
John's not at home. He the doctor
about his sore throat. 7 17,465 bottles of whisky
I the problem but T can't help you. (produce) in Scotland.
Sorry.
g smell
Mmramm! Dinner good. What is it?
Why _ you those roses?
They're plastic!
h use (Careful!)
This room usually for
big meetings. But today it for a party. 8 1,426,940 letters
(send).

4 Present Simple active or passive? 9 The Pentagon in

Washington (receive) 8,300 telephone calls.
1 Which of the sentences are active and which are
passive? 10 £558,000 worth of goods _______ (sell) in
Harrods department store.
a I use this room as a study.
b This room is used for meetings. 11 12,000 passengers (pass) through
c We feed our cats twice a day. Heathrow airport.
d But the dogs are fed just once a day. 12 166 Volkswagen cars _ (make) in Germany.

Happiness! Unit 2 19
LANGUAGE REVIEW READING AND SPEAKING
Present Simple Pre-reading task
The Present Simple is used:
1 What do you think the life of a nun is like? What do they always
1 to express an action which happens again do, sometimes do, and never do?
and again, that is, a habit. It is often found
with these time expressions: 2 Which of the following do you think are important to nuns?
always every day usually
sport clothes prayer food and drink children
sometimes never
solitude hotels travel gardening reading
I sometimes walk to work. television singing money
He usually wears a suit.
2 to express a fact which is always true, or Reading
true for a long time.
1 Look at the pictures of Sister Wendy.
/ come from Argentina. - What does she look like?
He works in a bank.
- What is she doing in the pictures?
2 Now read the text. Which of the
Present Continuous things in the box above does
The Present Continuous is used: she mention?

1 to express an activity that is in progress

now.
I'm writing a postcard to my friend.
Thomas is listening to the teacher. Sister Wendy,
2 to express an activity around now but not
necessarily happening at this moment. TV Star!
Vm reading a good book at the moment.
He's studying to be an accountant.

S 'I think God has been

ister Wendy Beckett has been
a nun for nearly 50 years, very good to me.'
State Verbs since she was 16. Most of the
State verbs are not usually used in the Present time she lives in solitary confinement in a caravan in the grounds
Continuous. Here are some state verbs: of a Carmelite monastery in Norfolk, often not speaking to anyone
for 22 hours a day. But every few months she leaves her caravan
like want understand and travels round Europe, staying in international hotels and
believe remember hope eating in famous restaurants. Why is she leading this double life?
know need own How does a nun who has devoted her life to solitude and prayer
think (opinion) have (possession) become a visitor to the Ritz?
Sister Wendy has a remarkable other life. She writes and
Passive presents an arts programme for BBC television called 'Sister
Wendy's Grand Tour'. In it, she
The uses of the Present Simple and the visits European art capitals and
Present Continuous are the same in the gives her personal opinions on
passive. some of the world's most
Champagne is made in France. famous works of art. She
My car is serviced every six months. begins each programme with
My car is being serviced today these words: 'For over 20 years
I lived in solitude. Now I'm
CD Grammar Reference: page 143. seeing Europe for the first time.
I'm visiting the world's mosl
famous art treasures.'

20 Unit 2 Happiness!
 Comprehension check
1 What do these numbers in the text refer to?
16 22 20 95% 50 1,200
2 Are the following statements true (/) or false (X)?
Correct the false ones.
a Sister Wendy spends a lot of time alone.
b She travels to art capitals all over the world.
c Her television programmes are popular because she
meets famous art historians and interviews them,
d She believes that God wants her to lead this double life,
e She doesn't enjoy being alone in her caravan any more.
f She only eats plain food and she doesn't drink alcohol,
g Some of her teeth are missing,
h She loves watching herself on television,
She speaks clearly and plainly, with none of the i The other nuns at the monastery always watch her
25 academic verbosity of art historians. TV viewers programmes on television,
love her common-sense wisdom, and are j Sister Wendy is using the money she has earned to
fascinated lo watch a kind, elderly, bespectacled, improve the monastery.
nun who is so obviously delighted by all she sees.
They are infected by her enthusiasm. Sister Language work
30 Wendy believes that although God wants her to
1 Complete the interview with Sister Wendy.
have a life of prayer and solitary contemplation,
He has also given her a mission to explain art in I (a) ?
a simple manner to ordinary people. She says: SW When I was sixteen. Goodness, that's nearly
'I think God has been very good to me. Really fifty years ago!
35 I am a disaster as a person. Solitude is right for 1 (b) ?
me because I'm not good at being with other
SW In Norfolk. In a Carmelite monastery. Well,
people. But of course I enjoy going on tour. I
have a comfortable bed, a luxurious bath and not actually in the monastery but in the
good meals, but the joy is mild compared with grounds. I have a caravan.
« the joy of solitude and silent prayer. I always 1 (c) ?
rush back to my caravan. People find this hard to SW No, I don't. Just in Europe- -that's far enough!
understand. I have never wanted anything else; I I (d)
am a blissfully happy woman.'
SW I don't really know. I'm not sure why they're
Sister Wendy's love of God and art is matched
45 only by her love of good food and wine. She popular. I feel that I look so silly, but perhaps
people find it funny to watch a silly old nun!
takes delight in poring over menus, choosing a
I (e) ?
good wine and wondering whether the steak is
tender enough for her to eat because she has no SW Yes, I do. Of course 1 do. The tours are really
back teeth. However, she is not delighted by her interesting and everybody enjoys a life of
so performance on television. luxury now and then. I love good food and
'I can't bear to watch myself on television. I drink, but you know, I'm happiest on my own
feel that I look so silly — a ridiculous black- in my caravan.
clothed figure. Thank God we don't have a I (0 ?
television at the monastery. I suppose I am SW No, I don't! I look ridiculous. I never watch if I
55 famous in a way, but as 95% of my time is spent can help it!
alone in my caravan, it really doesn't affect me. I (g) ?
I'm unimportant.'
SW I'm using it to help the monastery. Some new
Sister Wendy earned £1,200 for the first series.
shower rooms are being built. That's good, isn't it?
The success of this resulted in an increase for the
so second series. The money is being used to 2 T. 14 Listen and check your answers.
provide new shower rooms for the Carmelite
monastery. • Discussion
Work in groups. Look at the list in Exercise 2 of the Pre-
reading task. Which of them are important to you? Why?

Happiness! Unit 2 21
 VOCABULARY AND LISTENING 4 T.15 Listen to three people
talking about their favourite sport
Sport or leisure activity and make notes
under the following headings.
1 Make a list of as many sports and
leisure activities as you can think of. - Which sport or activity are they
Use the pictures to help you. ^^ talking about?
- How often do they do it?
- Where do they do it?
- What equipment do they need?
a b c

Which picture goes

with which sport?
Why do they like it?
Are they good at it?
5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer
questions.
What sports do you do? Where?
How often ...? Are you good at...?

WRITING
Describing a person
1 Think of someone in your family.
Write three sentences about them
2 Write in play, go, or do. There are three of each. Read your sentences aloud to the
_ tennis athletics football rest of the class.
exercises volleyball fishing 2 Which relative did you choose?
__ jogging . aerobics Why did you choose that person?
skiing
Did you write about their
Can you work out the rules? character, appearance, or both?
3 Look at the photograph and read
3 Choose some of the sports or activities from your list and fill in the columns the description of Aunt Emily.
below. Use your dictionary to look up any new words that you need.
4 Go through the text again and
play, go, underline like this:
1 sport/activity or do? people the parts which
football play goalkeeper stadium ball
describe her physical appearance
footballer football pitch boots the parts which
referee describe her character
the parts which
describe her habits
5 Find the following words (1. = line
quite (1. 3) a little (1. 7) rather (1.
very (1. 10) extremely (1. 13)
How do they change the meaning
of the adjectives which follow ther

22 Unit 2 Happiness!
 My aunt Numbers
1 Read aloud the following
numbers.
15 50 406 72 128
90 19 850
1,520 36 247 5,000
100,000 2,000,000
When do we say and!

2 Practise the numbers.

Money
£100 50p £9.40 £47.99
$400 5,000FF l,000DM

Decimals and percentages

O f all my relatives, I like my Aunt Emily the best. She's my mother's

youngest sister. She has never married, and she lives alone in a
small village near Bath. She's in her late fifties, but she's still quite
6.2
75.7%
17.25
100%
50%

young in spirit. She has a fair complexion, thick brown hair which she Dates
5 wears in a bun, and dark brown eyes. She has a kind face, and when 1995 1939 1789
you meet her, the first thing you notice is her lovely, warm smile. Her
face is a little wrinkled now, but 1 think she is still rather attractive. She 15/7/94 30/10/67
is the sort of person you can always go to if you have a problem. Phone numbers
01865 87676 0171 586 4431
S he likes reading and gardening, and she goes for long walks over
the hills with her dog, Buster. She's a very active person. Either she's
making something, or mending something, or doing something to help
00 44 925 270992

others. She does the shopping for some of the old people in the village. 3 T.16a Read the numbers in
She's extremely generous, but not very tolerant with people who don't Exercise 2 aloud. Listen and
agree with her. I hope that I am as happy and contented as she is when check your answers after each
15 I'm her age. line.

4 T. 16b Work in pairs. You will

6 She's 'not very tolerant' (1.13). This is a nice way of saying she is 'intolerant'. hear five short conversations. In
Sometimes we try to be polite by not using a negative adjective. We can each one there are some numbers.
say not very + the opposite adjective. Write down the numbers you
hear. Discuss what each number
Use a tactful way to describe someone who is: refers to with your partner.
a rude c mean e cruel
b boring d ugly f stupid

7 Who is 'you' in lines 6 (x2) and 8 in the text?

8 Write a similar description of a member of your family in about 200 words.

Include the following:
- your opinion of the person
- physical description
- their character, habits, likes and dislikes.

Happiness! Unit 2 23
 Telling tales
Past tenses
Active and passive
Giving opinions

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 Look at the three sentences. What Past Simple and Past Continuous
is the difference in meaning? 1 Look at the pictures. They tell the story of one of Aesop's fables. What can
a When Sylvia arrived home at eight you see? What can you guess about the story?
o'clock, Tim cooked the dinner,
b When Sylvia arrived home at eight 2 Read the story. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Simple. They are all
o'clock, Tim was cooking the irregular. Complete the moral of 'The Bald Knight' at the end.
dinner.
c When Sylvia arrived home at eight
o'clock, Tim had cooked the
dinner.
2 Match a picture with a sentence in
exercise 1.

nee upon a time, a long time ago, there was

a knight who, as he _ (grow) older,

24 Unit 3 Telling tales

3 The following sentences have been taken from the PRACTICE
story. Read it again and decide where they fit.
1 Grammar
a ... as he was dressing in front of his mirror.
Underline the correct verb form in the following
b He was riding along, singing merrily to sentences.
himself, when he passed under an oak tree
a While he rode/was riding in the forest he lost/was
and ...
losing his wig.
c They were all still laughing when they b When I arrivedlwas arriving the party was in full
arrived back at the castle. swing. Paul dancedlwas dancing with Mary, and Pat
and Peter drank/were drinking champagne.
T.17 Listen and check your answers. c When I finished/ was finishing the ironing, I cooked/
was cooking dinner.
Grammar questions d How fast did they travel/were they travelling when
their car had/was having a puncture?
- What tense are all the underlined verb forms in
Exercise 3? e A police car passed/was passing us on the motorway
- What is the difference in meaning between the when we did/were doing 80 miles per hour.
following two sentences? f I took/was taking a photograph of him while he ate/
He laughed when he fell off his horse. was eating an ice-cream.
He was laughing when he fell off his horse.
g He didn't like/wasn't liking the photo when he saw I
was seeing it.
h I'm sorry I woke/was waking you. What were you
dreaming/did you dream about?

2 Pronunciation
T, 18 You will hear twelve regular verbs in the Past
Simple. Put them in the right column, according to the
pronunciation of -ed.

H owever, a terrible thing happened. His wig

and (fall) off in full view of
everyone. How they all laughed at him! At first
__ (catch) on a branch

the poor knight _ (feel) very foolish

but then he . (see) the funny side
20 of the situation, and he started laughing, too.

T he knight never
again.
(wear) his wig

THE MORAL OF THIS STORY IS: WHEN PEOPLE LAUGH AT US, IT IS BEST TO ...

Telling tales Unit 3 25

3 Speaking 4 Life stories
1 Read what Sylvia did yesterday. Work in pairs. Join a line in A with a
word in B and a line in C to make
your own story about the lives of a
grandmother and grandfather. Read
your story to others in the class.

They met and fell in love they returned to Britain,

They got married they were living in Hong Kong,
They had their first son the Second World War.
They lived in Hong Kong when they were working abroad.
They had five more sons while the summer of 1991.
They sent their sons to during five years,
6.30 woke up boarding school for their marriage,
packed her suitcase They lived in six different over forty-five years,
6.45 - 7.15
countries -they were working together in
7.30 - 8.30 drove to the airport
They were happily married Malaysia.
9.20 - 10.15 flew to Edinburgh
My grandfather died
11.00 - 12.45 had a meeting
1.00 - 2.15 had lunch
T.19 Listen and check the true story of their lives.
2.30 - 4.45 visited a school How different is your version?
6.05 - 6.45 wrote a report on
the plane
8.30 - 9.00 cooked a meal PRESENTATION (2)
9.30 - 11.00 listened to music
Past Simple and Past Perfect
2 Work with a partner. Ask and 1 Look at the pictures. They tell the story of another of Aesop's fables.
answer questions about what Sylvia What can you see? What do you think the story is about?
was doing at the times below.
Example 2 T.20 Close your books and listen to the story. Is it the same as yours?

What was she doing at x 3 Read the story and complete the moral at the end.
6 o'clock in the morning?/

7.00 am
She was sleeping

11.30 am 6.30 pm
The Farmer
8.00 am
9.45 am
1.30 pm
3.00 pm
8.45 pm
10.00 pm
and his Sons
3 Write a similar list about what you
did yesterday. Ask and answer o
o
questions with your partner about 'here was once an old, dying
different times of the day. T
farmer (1). Before he died he
wanted to teach his three sons how
Example to be good farmers. So he called
them to him and said, 'My boys,
What were you doing at before I die I want you to know
7 o'clock in the evening? that there is a great treasure buried
in the vineyard. Promise me that you will look for it when I am dead.'
I was having dinner
T he sons promised and (2) they began looking for the treasure.
They worked very hard in the hot sun (3). In their minds they
pictured boxes of gold coins, diamond necklaces and other such things.
26 Unit 3 Telling tales
4 Where do the following sentences fit in the story? • Grammar questions
Put a number 1-6 in the boxes.
- What tense are all the underlined verb forms in
a as soon as their father had died, [ Exercise 4?
b who had worked hard in his vineyard all his life [ - Which sentence is true?
c what their father had meant by the great treasure, a The sons looked for the treasure when their father
d and all the time as they were working they was dying.
wondered what their father had left for them [ b The sons looked for the treasure when their father
e They felt that all their hard work had been for had died.
nothing. [ What is the difference in meaning between a and b?
f Soon they had dug up every inch of the vineyard.

5 Listen again and check your answers. PRACTICE

1 Discussing grammar
Work in pairs and discuss your answers.
1 Discuss the difference in meaning between the
following pairs of sentences.
a When I arrived at the party, they were drinking
champagne.
When I arrived at the party, they'd drunk the
champagne.
b When I got home, the children went to bed.
When I got home, the children had gone to bed.
c They thanked their teacher for everything she was
doing to help them pass the exam.
They thanked their teacher for everything she'd
done to help them pass the exam.
d He told me that they were staying at the Ritz Hotel.
He told me that they had stayed at the Ritz Hotel.

2 Join the sentences using the conjunction in brackets.

Change one verb into the Past Perfect.
Example
The children went to bed. We watched television.
(After)
After the children had gone to bed, we watched
television.
a I took an aspirin. My headache disappeared, (when)
b He drove 200 miles. He stopped for a break, (after)
c T couldn't pay for my ticket. A thief stole my wallet.
(4) But they found not a single penny. They were very (because)
upset. (5) But then the grapes started to appear on the d She passed her driving test. She bought a car.
vines and their grapes were the biggest and best in the (as soon as)
neighbourhood, and they sold them for a lot of money. 15 e I didn't go to Italy. I learnt Italian, (until)

N ow they understood (6) and they lived happily and

wealthily ever after.
THE MORAL OF THIS STORY IS:
f He didn't tell the policeman. He took the money.
(that)
g We didn't tell Anna. George rang, (that)
HARD WORK BRINGS . . .

Telling tales Unit 3 27

2 Dictation and questions
Ask your teacher questions about the gaps in the
following text. Write in the replies the teacher gives you
to complete the story.
Example
Last summer Wanda and Roy went on holiday
to {Where?).
Where did they go?
Last summer Wanda and Roy went on holiday to
(1) {Where?). Every day they
(2) and {What?). One
morning they were swimming (3) {Where?)
when a huge wave (4) . {What/do?). Wanda
was very upset because (5) {Why?).
The next day they were sunbathing (6) .
(Where?) and Wanda was wearing (7)
(What?) when suddenly there was another huge wave, which LANGUAGE REVIEW
(8) .__________ (What/do?). She was furious, but then
she looked down and to her amazement she saw Narrative tenses
(9)______________ (What?). The Past Simple
1 The Past Simple is used to express a finished action in
3 Stress and intonation the past.
1 Student A Read out a statement from your list. We played tennis yesterday.
Student B Answer Student A with the correct She saw Peter last Sunday and they went for a walk.
response from your list. They met in 1980 but they didn't marry until 1993.

Student A
2 It is also used to express a past habit.
I went to the airport but I couldn't catch the plane. When I was a child we went to Spain every summer.
I was homesick while I was living in New York. 1 wore a uniform at school.
I met my boyfriend's/girlfriend's parents last Sunday.
My grandfather had two sons from his first marriage. The Past Continuous
1 told everyone the good news.
As soon as I saw him I knew something was wrong. The Past Continuous is used to express an activity in
progress in the past.
The events of a story are in the Past Simple, but
Student B descriptions and interrupted activities are in the Past
Hadn't they heard it already? Continuous.
Oh dear! Had you forgotten your passport?
Really? I didn't know he'd been married before.
When we arrived, he was making some coffee.
Oh! Hadn't you met them before?
When we arrived he made some coffee.
Oh dear! What had happened? It was raining and she was feeling miserable when suddenly
Poor you! Had you never lived abroad before? she saw Peter and she smiled again.

The Past Perfect

2 T.21 Listen and check your answers. Pay particular
attention to the stress and intonation. The Past Perfect is used to make clear that one action in
the past happened before another action in the past.
3 Change roles and practise the conversations again. When we arrived home Anna had gone to bed.
Choose one or two and make them into longer When we arrived home Anna went to bed.
conversations.
Grammar Reference: page 145.

28 Unit 3 Telling tales

 VOCABULARY READING AND SPEAKING
Art, music and literature The writer, the painter and the musician

Pre-reading task
1 T.22 You arc going to read about the lives of three
famous people, Agatha Christie, Pablo Picasso, and
Scott Joplin.
Use your dictionary to look up any new words. - Why were they famous?
- Look at and/or listen to
1 Look at the nouns below and write them in the their most popular works.
correct column. Do you know any more?
composer poem author painter
oil painting instrument band palette sketch
tune chapter orchestra bugle biography
brush detective story banjo portrait fiction
play drawing novel pianist pop group

LITERATURE

2 Which of the following verbs can go with the nouns in

Exercise 1?
read write compose play play in draw
paint conduct hum tune

3 Complete each of the following sentences with a

verb in the right tense and a noun.
a Agatha Christie many famous
b T couldn't put the book down until I the
last .
c 1 don't know the words of the song but I can
the .
d The only I can is the piano.
e Picasso often unusual of his
girlfriends.
f The of Princess Diana by
the journalist, Andrew Morton. A Guernica 1937 by
g Listen! The show is starting. Can you hear the Pablo Picasso
© Succession Picasso/DACS 1996
? They their instruments.
h My brother is a soldier. He the bugle in
the army The Entertainer
by Scott Joplin
i Before I painted the picture I a quick
. in pencil.
2 Discuss the following
questions about the people.
4 Work in groups. Do you have a favourite book or
poem, piece of music, or painting? Why do you like it? - What nationality were they?
Think about it for a few minutes then compare your - Which century were they born in?
favourites with the rest of the class. - Which one do you know most/least about?

Telling tales Unit 3 29

 Reading
Work in three groups. 5 What do you think were the most important events
in her/his life?
Group A Read about the writer.
6 What do you learn of her/his works?
Group B Read about the painter.
Group C Read about the musician. 7 When did she/he die?
Which of the following numbers or dates relate to
Read your extract and answer the questions about your your person? What do they refer to?
person. Try to guess the words underlined from the
50 79 6,000 11 13 14 4,680,000
context. Then use your dictionary to check the words.
1882 1920 1926 1937 1952
1 Where was she/he born?
2 When was she/he born? When you have finished, find a partner from each of the
3 What do you learn about her/his childhood? other groups and go through the questions together.
4 Which people played a part in her/his career? comparing information.

In 1914, at the beginning of the

war, she had married Archibald
Christie but the marriage was
35 unhappy. It didn't last and they
divorced in 1926. That year there
was a double tragedy in her life
because her much-loved mother died.
Agatha suffered a nervous breakdown,
40 and one night she abandoned her car
and mysteriously disappeared. She
went missing for 11 days and was
eventually found in a hotel in
Harrogate, in the North of England.
45 It is interesting to note that it was
while she was suffering so much that
she wrote one of her masterpieces,
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd.
Agatha desperately wanted solitude
50 and developed very bitter feelings
towards the media because the
newspapers had given her a hard time
Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie is • A scene from The Mousetrap, which over her breakdown and
possibly the world's most famous opened in London on 25 November disappearance. She was determined
detective story writer. She wrote 79 1952 and is still running today. 55 never to let them enter her private life
novels and several plays. Her sales again and she buried herself in her
5 outnumber those of William work. On 25 November 1952 her
Shakespeare. However, behind her During World War I, while she play The Mousetrap opened in
4,680,000 words was a painfully shy 20 was working in a hospital London. Today, over 40 years later, it
woman whose life was often lonely dispensary, she learned about 60 is still running. It is the longest
and unhappy. chemicals and poisons, which running show in the whole world.
io She was born in 1890 in Devon, proved very useful to her in her later She enjoyed a very happy second
the third child of Clarissa and career. She wrote her first detective marriage to Max Mallowan, an
Frederick Miller, and grew into a 25 novel, The Mysterious Affair at archaeologist. Her detective skills
beautiful and sensitive girl with Styles, in 1920. In it she introduced 65 were a help to him in his excavations
waist-length golden hair. She didn't Hercule Poirot, the Belgian detective in Syria and Iraq. By successfully
15 go to school but was educated at who appeared in many subsequent staying out of the limelight she
home by her mother. Her father died novels. Her other main detective ultimately found happiness with her
when she was 11 and both she and 30 was an elderly spinster called Miss beloved husband. She died peacefully
her mother were grief-stricken. Marple. TO in 1976.

30 Unit 3 Telling tales

 traditional painter. He was always
The Painter breaking the rules of artistic tradition and
shocked the public with his strange and
On 25 October 1881 a little boy was born 40 powerful pictures. He is probably best
in Malaga, Spain, it was a difficult birth known for his 'Cubist' pictures, which
and to help him breathe, cigar smoke used only simple geometric shapes. His
was blown into his nose! But despite paintings of people were often made up
5 being the youngest ever smoker, this of triangles and squares with their
baby grew up to be one of the 20th 45 features in the wrong place. His work
century's greatest painters—Pablo changed our ideas about art, and to
Picasso. millions of people modern art means the
work of Picasso. Guernica, which he
Picasso showed his truly exceptional painted in 1937, records the bombing of
30 talent from a very young age. His first
50 that little Basque town during the
word was lapiz (Spanish for pencil) and
Spanish Civil War, and is undisputedly
he learned to draw before he could talk.
one of the masterpieces of modern
He was the only son in the family and
painting.
very good-looking, so he was thoroughly
is spoilt. He hated school and often refused Picasso created over 6,000 paintings,
to go unless his doting parents allowed 55 drawings and sculptures. Today a
him to take one of his father's pet 'Picasso' costs several million pounds.
pigeons with him! Once, when the French Minister of
find that Pablo had completed the picture, Culture was visiting Picasso, the artist
Apart from pigeons, his great love was and it was so amazingly beautiful and accidentally spilt some paint on the
JO art, and when in 1891 his father, who was 30 lifelike that he gave his son his own so Minister's trousers. Picasso apologized
an amateur artist, got a job as a drawing palette and brushes and never painted and wanted to pay for them to be
teacher at a college, Pablo went with him again. Pablo was just 13. cleaned, but the Minister said, 'Non!
to the college. He often watched his Please, Monsieur Picasso, just sign my
father paint and sometimes was allowed From then onwards there was no trousers!'
2; to help. One evening his father was stopping him. Many people realized that
painting a picture of their pigeons when 35 he was a genius but he disappointed 65 Picasso died of heart failure during an
he had to leave the room. He returned to those who wanted him to become a attack of influenza in 1973.

Ever since it "was the musical theme in the film 'The Sting, and African beat. This unique style was known as Ragtime,
there are few people who have not tapped their feet to the hit and was played everywhere in the USA in the early 1900s by
piano tune, 'The Entertainer'—the most famous composition 25 both black and white musicians.
of the American musician, Scott Joplin.
In 1882, when Scott was 14, his mother died and he left
Scott was born in Texas in 1868, into a poor but musical home to seek his fortune in St. Louis. In the 1880s, St. Louis
black family. His father, who was a freed slave, played the was noisy and bustling with life. The waterfront of the
violin, and his mother played the banjo and sang. Scott Mississippi River was full of gangsters, gamblers, and
played the violin and bugle but his favourite instrument 30 sailors. The sound of music was everywhere—black,
was his neighbour's piano. His father worked extra white and mixed. The hot steamy nights were
hours to buy him a battered old grand piano, and filled with blues, working songs, banjos, and
soon Scott was playing by ear negro tunes, blues, honky tonk pianos. Scott was soon playing
and spirituals. Music flowed naturally from his Ragtime piano in cheap bars on the waterfront.
fingers, and he quickly became the talk of the 35 This was a rough, tough area of the city where
town. arguments over girls, whisky, and money were
settled with fists and guns. Scott grew up very fast
Scott didn't learn to read music until he was 11, and his musical talent continued to develop. AH in
when an old German music teacher spotted his all he wrote about 50 piano rags.
talent and gave him free, formal piano lessons. He
learned to play the works of such composers as 40 Scott joplin died in 1917. Today he is the
Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart as well as his undisputed King of Ragtime, thanks to his
improvised music. Thus when he started to natural ability, his unusual musical
write music, his tunes were a education, and the popularity of the film,
wonderful mixture of classical European The Sting.

Telling tales Unit 3 31

Comprehension check Note-taking and discussion
Choose one of the most famous writers, painters or
1 Read the other two extracts quickly. Help each other
musicians in your country and write some notes about
with any new words, particularly those words which
him/her. Discuss your notes with a partner.
are underlined in your text.
- Is he/she alive or dead?
2 Here are some answers about all three people. Write in - What is/was he/she?
the questions. - What works do you know?
- Do you like his/her work? Why? Why not?
a What ?
- What do you know about his/her life?
She was beautiful and shy, with long, golden hair.
b Why ___ ?
To help him breathe, after a difficult birth. WRITING AND LISTENING
c How _____ ___?
Adverbs in a narrative
By working extra hours.
Work in pairs.
d Why ?
1 Think about the worst holiday you ever had.
Because they gave her a hard time over her breakdown
Write some notes about it, then swap information
and disappearance.
with your partner.
e When _____ ?
In 1937. 2 Look at the top of page 33 and read about Jack and
Liza's holiday. Put the words on the right into the
f Where ______ ___ ? correct place in each line, and make any necessary
To St. Louis. changes to the punctuation.

Language work
1 'The Mousetrap' was written by Agatha Christie.
In the sentence above, was written is an example of the
Past Simple passive.
The

holiday
Find some more examples of this in the texts on pages
30 and 31, and put a box Q around them.

Grammar Reference: page 144.

2 Put the auxiliaries was, had, or didn't into the gaps.

a Agatha Christie educated at home. She
_ go to school.
b She . found in a hotel in Harrogate, after she
been missing for 11 days.
c She stop writing while she suffering
from a nervous breakdown.
d Pablo Picasso like going to school unless he
___ allowed to take one of his father's pigeons
with him.
e His father ___ paint again after Pablo
completed the picture of the pigeons.
f Some paint spilt on the French minister's
trousers when he visiting Picasso.
g Scott Joplin left home after his mother died.

32 Unit 3 Telling tales

 J ust after Christmas two years ago, Jack and
Liza decided to go away for New Year. They
didn't want to stay in a hotel with crowds of people
suddenly somewhere

and they were delighted when they saw an so really

advertisement in the Sunday Times for a holiday
flat in a village near Oxford.
It was no ordinary flat. It was on the top floor of an However
old TUdor mansion. They booked it and on New immediately
Year's Eve they set off in the car. It was raining and Although heavily
freezing cold. They were happy and excited.
They had been driving for three hours when nearly
they saw the house in the distance. It looked finally
magnificent with tall chimneys and a long, wide incredibly
drive. They drove up to the huge front door, went
up the steps, and knocked. Nothing happened. loudly
They knocked again. The door opened and a more loudly Eventually slowly
small, wild-looking, old lady stood there.

3 T.23 Listen to Jack and Liza talking about what

happened next and complete this part of the story.-
The old lady was wearing ...
She was carrying ... . ':; .
The house was ...
When she was leading them upstairs ...
When they saw the rooms they couldn't believe their eye's'...

4 Read the end of the story. Put the words on the right
into the correct place.

that wasn' t
W hen they got outside again the rain had turned
to snow. They ran to the car, laughing. They
felt that they had been released from a prison and
hysterically

now they wanted to be with lots of people. They desperately

drove to the next village and as midnight was fortunately just
striking, they found a hotel with a room for the
night. 'Happy New Year!' cried Jack, as he kissed
the surprised receptionist on both cheeks. 'You
"have no idea how beautiful your hotel is!'

Write the story of your worst holiday in about 250 words.

- When was it?
- Where was it?
- Who were you with?
- Why was it bad?
Giving opinions
1 What do the words in italics refer to in the sentences below?

a It was so boring I fell asleep in the first act. 3 Write down some things you did, places you went to,
b I didn't like his last one, but I couldn't put his latest and people you met last week.
one down until the last chapter, Work with a partner and ask for and give opinions
c It was excellent. Have you seen it yet? It stars about them.
Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson.
Example
d She's usually very good but I don't think she was right Student B
Student A
for this part.
e I think they spoil them. They always give them I went to Peter's party.
whatever they want.
f It was a good break, but the weather wasn't very good, Oh! What was it like?
g They were delicious. John had tomato and mozzarella
topping and I had ham and mozzarella.
Great! I really enjoyed it.
h It was really exciting, especially when Smith scored in
the closing minutes.

2 T.24 The following questions are all asking for

opinions. Match them with the opinions given in
met Maria's sister.
Exercise 1.
Did you like the film? D What did you think of her?
What did you think of the play?
Did you enjoy your pizzas? She's lovely. I liked her a lot.
Do you like Ben Brown's novels?
What do you think of their children?
What was your holiday like?
What did you think of Hannah Smart?
What was the match like?
Listen and check your answers. Practise some of the
questions and answers with a partner.

34 Unit 3 Telling tales

 Doing the right thing
Modal verbs (1)
Requests and offers

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 Look at the sentences. can, have to, and allowed to

1 The teenage years can be difficult for both parents and
can
must
children! What sort of problems can there be?
You go.
should
have to
2 T.25 Listen to Megan and Laura, aged 14 and 15.
What are some of the things they like and don't like
2 Make the sentences negative. about being a teenager?
Make them into questions.
Make them into the third person singular [He/she ...). 3 Complete the gaps.
Which verb is different? a You go out to work.
b You pay bills.
c You go out with your friends.
d I always ___ tell my Mum and Dad
where I'm going.
e We do the housework.
f You buy what you want.
g Adults worry about bills.
h We wear a stupid school uniform.
i We wear make-up.
j We chew gum!
Listen again and check. Practise saying the sentences.

4 Laura's parents arc called Malcolm and Barbara.

What are some of the things they have to do, and
some of the things they don't have to do?
Examples
Barbara doesn't have to work full-time.
Malcolm has to drive over a thousand miles a week.
Who do you think has an easier life, Barbara or
Malcolm?
- What about your family?
- Is there a division between what the men do and what
the women do in your family?

Doing the right thing Unit 4 35

• Grammar questions 3 Make questions using have to or had to.
Example
- Put have to or don't have to into the gaps. We had to get up very early to catch the bus.
Children go to school. What time did you have to get upl
Adults _ go to school, but they a My mother has to go abroad a lot.
go to work. How often __ . .
Old people _____________ go to work. b I have to leave tomorrow morning.
What time
Teenagers ________ study for exams.
c We had to wait for ages.
- Which sentence in each pair below is correct? How long _____ .
a You don't have to drive on the right in Britain. d I have to take my car to the garage.
Why
You mustn't drive on the right in Britain.
b You don't have to go to England to learn English. e Peter had to stay in bed for a week.
You mustn't go to England to learn English. Why .

2 Signs
PRACTICE
What do the following signs mean?
1 Grammar and speaking Examples
1 Put the sentences into the negative, the question, and
the past. You can't smoke in here.
You aren't allowed to smoke in here.
Example
We can smoke. We can't smoke.
Can we smoke? PASSPORT
We could smoke. CONTROL You have to show your passport.

a I have to go.
b She has to work hard.
c He can do what he likes.
d We're allowed to wear what we want.

2 Look at the chart. Make true sentences about you and

your family.

I go out to work.
My parents get up early in
My father the morning.
My mother has to do the shopping.
My sister have to keep my room
My brother doesn't have to tidy.
My grandparents don't have to do the cooking.
My husband/wife had to take the dog for
NO
My girlfriend/ didn't have to a walk.
^SKATEBOARDING*
boyfriend do the washing.
do the washing-
up.

Compare your sentences as a class.

Are/were your parents strict? Can/could you do what
you want/wanted?

36 Unit 4 Doing the right thing

3 Listening and speaking 2 T.28a Jim is going to travel with his friend,
Anthony. Listen to them talking about their trip,

think we should take

our travellers' cheques
in American dollars,
don't think we should go to
Thailand in September
because it's the rainy season

1 T.26 You will hear Bert Atkins, who was born in

1919, talking about his school days.
Check these words in your dictionary:
to knit a cloth a slate chalk
What does he say about the following?
knitting exams
paper and pencils walking to school
chalk and a slate a bike Use / think... should or Idon't think ... shoutdtomake
the 'Big Boys' leaving school writing lines more suggestions. Take an idea in column A, and
school talking in class homework match it with a line in column B.
Listen again, and read the Tapescript on page 130 at
the same time. take plenty of suncream.
2 Work in groups. Talk about your school rules. buy a book called See the World on $25 a Day.
- What aren't/weren't you allowed to do? put too much in our backpacks.
- What do/did you have to do? take anything valuable.
- What punishments are/were there if you do/did go to Australia first.
something wrong? go to Indonesia by boat.
wait too long before we go.

PRESENTATION (2) ] We might lose it.

] I've got some friends there who'll put us up.
must and should ] I want to get started.
1 T.27a Jim is going to backpack around the world for ] It'll have some good ideas about where to go and
a year, but his mother is worried. Listen to them. where to stay.
Mum You must write to us every week! ] It'll be really hot.
Jim Yes, Mum! I will. J We won't be able to carry it all.
Mum You mustn't lose your passport!
Jim No, Mum! I won't. ] It'll be cheaper than flying.

Work in pairs. Make similar dialogues between Jim T.28b Listen and check your answers.
and his mother. Use the cues and must or mustn't.
look after your money talk to strangers 1
go out when it's dark drink too much beer Grammar questions
make sure you eat well have a bath regularly You must look after your money.
phone us if you're in go anywhere that's We should take travellers' cheques.
trouble dangerous Which sentence expresses strong obligation?
Which sentence expresses a suggestion?
T.27b Listen and check your answers. Who is more forceful, Jim's mother or Anthony?
Doing the right thing Unit 4 37
PRACTICE 3 Roleplay
1 Giving advice
Give advice in the following situations. Use
/ think should or / don't think ... should.
Example
Peter's got a very bad cold.
/ think he should go to bed.
I don't think he should go to work.
a I've lost my cheque book and credit cards.
b Tony wants to drive home, but he's had too
much to drink.
c (In a restaurant) Ugh! My soup's cold!
d I never have any money!
e Jenny and Paul are only sixteen, but they say
they want to get married.
f I'm really fed up with my job.
Do you have any problems? Ask the class for advice! Work in pairs.
Student A You are going to start a
new job.
2 must or have to? Student B You are a work colleague
Read the Language Review on page 39 before you do this exercise. Decide what the job is. Ask and
Which sentence on the right goes with the sentence on the left? answer questions about the
Example responsibilities, hours, breaks, etc.
I must have a drink of water. The doctor told me to.
What time do I have to start? )
I have to drink lots of water. I'm really thirsty.
Do I have to wear a uniform?
1 a I must do my homework I'm telling myself that it's important.
tonight.
This is why I can't come out with No, but you should look smart.
b I have to do my homework
tonight. you. Sorry.
When do we have a break?
2 a We must go to Paris some time, Another boring business trip. Yawn!
b We have to go to Paris next It would be really nice!
week. 4 Correcting mistakes
3 a I must wear something nice to It's the rule. There is a grammar mistake in each
the disco. of the following sentences. Find it
b Men have to wear a shirt and tie I want to look good. and correct it!
to go into a posh restaurant. a Do you can help me a minute?
4 a You must register for next term It says on the noticcboard. b What time have you to start work?
before Thursday, c I must to go now. Bye-bye,
b You have to register for next One student is talking to another. d We no allowed to wear jeans at
term before Thursday. school.
e We no can do what we want,
5 a I must water the plants today, I haven't done them for ages. f I mustn't do the washing and
b You have to water this plant It needs lots and lots of water. ironing because my mother does it
daily. for me.
g You can't smoking in here. It's
against the rules,
h My mother have to work very
hard six days a week.

38 Unit 4 Doing the right thing

 LANGUAGE REVIEW READING AND SPEAKING
Modals to express obligation Pre-reading task
1 Must expresses a strong obligation. Work in pairs.
All visitors must report to Reception. 1 Look at the cartoons. What nationalities are the
You mustn't steal things.' It's naughty. people? What makes it easy for you to identify them?
2 Have to expresses a general obligation based on a law
or a rule.
Nurses have to wear a uniform.
Malcolm has to drive a thousand miles a week in his job.
3 Sometimes must and have to are similar.
/ must go now. Cheerio! I have to go now. Cheerio!
Sometimes there is a difference. Must is personal. We
use must when we express our personal feelings, and
say what we think is important or necessary.
You must work harder (I am telling you what to do.)
I must wash my hair. It's dirty.
(I am telling myself that it's necessary.)
Have to is impersonal. It expresses a general
obligation based on what another person tells us
to do.
We have to wear a stupid uniform. (It's a school rule.)
/ have to take this medicine three times a day.
(The doctor said.)
2 What is the stereotype English man or woman?
4 Have to is used to form the question, and the past and What do you think is the stereotype for your
future. nationality? Do you believe in stereotypes?
Do you have to work full-time?
I had to get up very early when I was at school 3 Which adjectives in the box do you think go with the
You'll have to work hard if you want to go to university. nationalities below?
5 Should expresses what is right, or a good idea. It Use your dictionary to check new words.
expresses advice, or a mild obligation.
hard-working easy-going punctual friendly
You should get more exercise. Why don't you play tennis? reserved emotional lazy outgoing
You shouldn't eat so many sweets. They're bad for your hospitable sociable formal casual
teeth. enthusiastic quiet tolerant talkative
sophisticated well-dressed fun-loving respectful
Negatives humorous serious nationalistic romantic

Mustn't and don't have to express very different ideas.

You mustn't take drugs.
(This is a strong obligation not to do something.)
Teenagers don't have to go out to work.
(There is no obligation, but they can if they want.)

Modals to express permission

Can, can't, and be allowed to are used to express
permission. Allowed to is passive.
We can't smoke or chew gum. Is your nationality one of those above? If so. which
We aren't allowed to buy what we want. adjectives did you choose?
If not, choose some adjectives which you think go
P-J Grammar Reference: page 147. with your nationality.

Doing the right thing Unit 4 39

Reading
Look at the title of the article. Do you think the article 1 Write down one thing about each nationality that yo
will be serious or light-hearted? Why? can remember.
First read the article quite quickly. All the nationalities 2 Share what you have written with other students in t
on page 39 are mentioned. class.

A World Guide to

Good Manner
How not to behave badly abroa
by Norman Ramshaw
Travelling to all corners • The Germans like to talk business before dinne
of the world gets easier the French like to eat first and talk afterwards. Th(
and easier. We live in have to be well fed and watered before they discu
a global village, but anything.
5 how well do we know • Taking off your jacket and rolling up yo
and understand each sleeves is a sign of getting down to work in Brita
other? Here is a simple test. and Holland, but in Germany people regard it
Imagine you have arranged taking it easy.
a meeting at four o'clock. What time should you + American executives sometimes signal the
10 expect your foreign business colleagues to arrive? feelings of ease and important
If they're German, they'll be bang on time. If in their offices by putting the
they're American, they'll probably be 15 minutes feet on the desk whilst on tl
early. If they're British, they'll be 15 minutes late, telephone. In Japan, peop
and you should allow up to an hour for the Italians. would be shocked. Showing tl
:
15 When the European Community began to increase soles of your feet is the height of be
in size, several guidebooks appeared giving advice manners. It is a social insult only exceeded t
on international etiquette. At first many people blowing your nose in public.
thought this was a joke, especially the British, The Japanese have perhaps the
who seemed to assume that the widespread strictest rules of social and
20 understanding of their language meant a business behaviour. Seniority
corresponding understanding of English customs. is very important, and a
Very soon they had to change their ideas, as they younger man should never
realized that they had a lot to learn about how to be sent to complete a
behave with their foreign business friends. business deal with an older
25 For example: 55 Japanese man. The Japanese
business card almost needs a
• The British are happy to have a business lunch rulebook of its own. You must
and discuss business matters with a drink during the exchange business cards immediately
meal; the Japanese prefer not to work while eating. on meeting because it is
Lunch is a time to relax and get to know one essential to establish everyone's
30 another, and they rarely drink at lunchtime. status and position.

Unit 4 Doing the right thing

 Comprehension check
When it is handed to a person Read the article again and answer the questions.
in a superior position, it must Discuss the questions in pairs.
be given and received with 1 Which nationalities are the most and least
both hands, and you must take punctual?
time to read it carefully, and not 2 Why did the British think that everyone
just put it in your pocket! Also understood their customs?
the bow is a very important part 3 Which nationalities do not like to eat and do
of greeting someone. You should business at the same time?
70 not expect the Japanese to shake hands. Bowing the 4 'They (the French) have to be well fed and
head is a mark of respect and the first bow of the watered.' What or who do you normally have to
day should be lower than when you meet thereafter. feed and water?
5 Look at the pictures. What nationality are they?
The Americans sometimes find it How do you know?
difficult to accept the more formal 6 An American friend of yours is going to work in
75 Japanese manners. They prefer to Japan. Give some advice about how he/she should
be casual and more informal, as ' and shouldn't behave.
illustrated by the universal 'Have a 7 Imagine you are at a party in (a) England
nice day!' American waiters have a one-word (b) America. How could you begin a conversation
imperative 'Enjoy!' The British, of course, are cool with a stranger? Continue the conversations with
so and reserved. The great topic of conversation your partner.
8 Which nationalities have rules of behaviour about
between strangers in Britain
hands? What are the rules?
is the weather— unemotional 9 Why is it not a good idea to ...
and impersonal. In America, ... say that you absolutely love your Egyptian
the main topic between friend's vase.
strangers is the search to ... go to Russia if you don't drink alcohol.
find a geographical link. 'Oh, ... say 'Hi! See you later!' when you're introduced
J really? You live in Ohio? I had an to someone in Afghanistan.
J)~ uncle who once worked there.' ... discuss politics with your American friend in a
iJ
McDonald's.
Nhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.'
go Here are some final tips for travellers.
Discussion
• In France you shouldn't sit down in a cafe until 1 Do you agree with the saying 'When in Rome, do
you've shaken hands with everyone you know. as the Romans do'? Do you have a similar saying
• In Afghanistan you should spend at least five in your language?
minutes saying hello. 2 What are the 'rules' about greeting people in your
95 • In Pakistan you mustn't wink. It is offensive. country? When do you shake hands? When do
• In the Middle East you must never use the left you kiss? What about when you say goodbye?
hand for greeting, eating, drinking, or smoking. Also, 3 Think of one or two examples of bad manners.
you should take care not to admire anything in your For example, in Britain it is considered impolite to
hosts' home. They will feel that they have to give it ask people how much they earn.
100 to you.
4 What advice would you give somebody coming to
• In Russia you must match your hosts drink for live and work in your country?
drink or they will think you are unfriendly.
• In Thailand you should clasp your hands together
and lower your head and your eyes when you greet
105 someone.
• In America you should eat your hamburger with
both hands and as quickly as possible. You shouldn't
try to have a conversation until it is eaten.

Doing the right thing Unit 4

 VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION 3 Rewrite the sentences, using the word in italics in a
different word class.
Word formation Example
1 Look at the entry for the word photograph in the We had a long discussion about politics.
Oxford Wordpower Dictionary. We discussed politics for a long time.
a She gave me some advice about which clothes to wear.
She _ _ _ _ _ .
b How high is that wall?
What's the ______ 1
c Children should never speak to strange people.
Children .
d I felt that there was someone watching me.
I had .
Notice how different parts of speech (noun and verb)
and words formed from the headword (photographer, e We had a lot of difficulty in finding the way here.
photographic, photography) are given in the same It was _____ .
entry. Is this the same in your dictionary? f My son's behaviour at the party was very bad.
Look how the stress is shown: /'fsotsgraif/. Practise My son .....___ .
saying the words in phonetic script. g There are a lot of foreign people in town at the
moment.
2 Complete the charts with the different parts of speech. There are .. .
The missing words are all from the article A World
Guide to Good Manners. Mark the stress. h The shock made my hair turn white.
Use your dictionary to help you with the I was so .
pronunciation.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

be haviour
ar rangement
meet
1 Have you ever been a
ad'vise guest in someone's house
di'scussion in a foreign country? When?
feel Why? What happened?
deal
2 T.29 You will hear three
acceptance people describe how they entertain guests in their
tip country. Sumie is from Japan, Rosa is from Spain, and
admi'ration Leslie is from the United States.
Listen and take notes under the following headings:
Adjective - the kind of invitation, formal or informal
- the time of day
foreigner - the preparations that the host or hostess makes
shock - the presents that people take
high - the food and drink served
re'spectful
3 Work in small groups. Compare information. What
'difficulty similarities and differences are there?
re'serve
strange 4 What happens in your country? Is it usual to invite
offence
people to your home for a meal? What are such
occasions like in your home?

42 Unit 4 Doing the right thing

I WRITING 2 Forms do not usually ask questions, but they ask for
information. Match a line in A with a question in B.
Filling in a form
A B
1 Most people hate filling in forms! What occasions can
you think of when you have to fill in a form? What 1 First name a Where do you live?
sort of information do you have to provide? 2 Surname b What do you do?
c Where arc you living
3 Date of birth at the moment?
4 Country of origin d Are you married or
single?
5 Present address
e What's your first name?
6 Permanent address f How much do you earn
7 Marital status a year?
g When were you born?
8 Occupation h What's your surname?
9 Annual income i Where were you born?

3 Forms ask you to do certain things. Do the following:

Write your name in block capitals.

Sign your name. .

Delete where not applicable.
I am a student/an employee/an employer.
Put a cross if you are male. •
Put a tick if you are female. •
4 Fill in the form. It is an application form to open a
bank account.

CITY BANK ACCOUNT APPLICATION FORM

Applicant Marital Status

Title Mr_ Mrs Q Miss H Ms Single f Married L Divorced Widowed
Surname | No. of dependent children \_
First name(s)
Residential details
Date of birth
Owned \ Rented
Country of origin
Present address Where do you reside?
With parents With a partner Alone
Post code
Employment status
When did you move to this address? Employed full-time Employed part-time
Permanent address (if different from above) Self-employed Unemployed Retired

Income details
Annual income
Post code
Telephone no. (home) Signature
Telephone no. (work) Date

Doing the right thing Unit 4 43

Requests and offers Roleplay
1 Match a line in A with a line in B. Who is talking to Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue for one of these
who? Where are the dialogues taking place? situations using the prompts given.
- A is a customer in a restaurant; B is a waiter.
a Could you fill it up, please? Prompts: table near the window; menu; wine list;
ordering; clean fork; dessert; bill.
b Could I have the bill, please?
c It's a present. Do you think you could gift- - A is going on holiday very soon; B offers to help.
wrap it for me? Prompts: pack; confirm flight; passport; travellers'
cheques; look after cat; water plants.
d Two lagers, please.
e Can you tell me the code for Paris? - A is cooking a meal for twenty; B offers to help.
Prompts: prepare the vegetables; check the meat; set
f I'll give you a lift if you like. the table; do the washing-up; open the wine.
g Would you mind opening the window?
h Could I have extension 2387, please?
B
• Halves or pints?
]] Not at all. It's very stuffy in here.
^\ One moment. I'll just look it up.
Q Sure. Shall I check the oil as well?
~2 I'm afraid the line's engaged at the moment.
Do you want to hold?
• Certainly, sir. I'll bring it straight away.
Q Yes, indeed. I'll just take the price off.
Q That's great. Would you drop me at the station?

2 T.30 Listen and check your answers. Practise the

dialogues, paying particular attention to intonation
and voice range.

CD Grammar Reference: page 148.

3 T.31 Listen to the six dialogues. Answer the

questions.
a Where are the people?
b What is the relationship between them? (parent and
child; customer and shop assistant)
c What exactly are the words of the request?

44 Unit 4 Doing the right thing

 On the move
Future forms
Travelling around

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar
T.32 Read and listen to the joke. Underline the verb going to and will
forms that refer to the future. What is the difference
1 John always writes himself a list at the beginning of
between them?
every day. What's he going to do today? What's he
going to buy?
A Penguin Joke! Example
One day a man and his wife were walking down He's going to fill up the car with petrol.
the street when they came across a penguin.
'Oh!' exclaimed the man. 'What a surprise! What
shall we do with it?'
'I know,' said his wife. 'We'll ask a policeman.'
So they found a policeman and explained what
had happened.
'Mmm,' said the policeman, 'I think the best
thing is to take it to the zoo.'
'What a good idea!' said the woman. 'We'll go
there straight away.'

2 T.33 Read and listen to the dialogue between

John (J) and Anna (A).
J I'm going to the shops soon. Do you want
anything?
A No, I don't think so. Oh, hang on. We haven't got
The next morning the policeman was walking
any sugar left.
down the same street when he saw the couple
again with the penguin. 'I thought I told you to J It's all right. It's on my list. I'm going to buy some.
take that penguin to the zoo,' the policeman said. A What about bread? We haven't got any bread.
'Well, we did,' said the man. 'We took it to the J OK. I'll go to the baker's and I'll buy a loaf.
zoo and we all had a really good time. So this A I'll be at work when you get back.
afternoon we're taking it to the cinema, and J I'll see you later, then. Don't forget Jo and Andy
this evening we're going to have a meal in a are coming round for a drink tonight.
fish restaurant.' A Ah, right. Bye.
J Bye, honey.
On the move Unit 5 45
 Grammar questions 3 I think I'll...
I'm going to buy some (sugar). 1 Use the prompts in A to make sentences with / think
I'll buy a loaf. ... will. Match them with a sentence in B.
Why does John use different future forms? Example
What's the difference between will and going to to / think Jeremy will win the match. He's been playing
express a future intention? really well recently.
We don't usually say going to go or going to come. A
Find the examples in the dialogue where these forms a Jeremy/win the match
are avoided. b it/be a nice day tomorrow
c I/pass my exams
d you/like the film
e we/get to the airport in time
PRACTICE
f you/get the job

1 Dialogues B
John said, I'll go to the baker's and I'll buy a loaf. ] But we'd better get a move on.
Look at the list of items. What would Anna ask? ] He's been playing really well recently.
What would John say? ] The forecast is warm and dry.
Example ] You've got all the right qualifications.
- some stamps ] It's a lovely story, and the acting is superb.
Anna Could you get some stamps? ] I've been revising for weeks.
John OK. I'll go to the post office and buy some.
a newspaper - some shampoo 2 Now make sentences with / don't think ... will with the
a bottle of wine - a tin of white paint words from A in Exercise 1. Match them with a
a joint of beef - a video sentence in C.
a film for her camera - some felt-tip pens Example
I don't think Jeremy will win the match. He hasn't
practised for ages.
2 Listening
C
T.34 Listen to the conversations.
Say what's going to happen. ] There's too much traffic.
] I haven't done any revision at all.
] The forecast said rain and wind.
]He hasn't practised for ages.
] You're too young and you've got no experience.
] It's not really your cup of tea.

Example
A Have you seen the air tickets? They're going to catch a plane.
B Yes. They're with the travellers' cheques.
A And do you have the address of the hotel? They're going to stay in a hotel.)
B No. I've just got the name. Do we need the address?
A No. Maybe not. The taxi driver will know.
R What about the milk? Have you cancelled the milk?
A Yes. No milk for a fortnight. Right? They're going to be away
B That's it. Well done. for two weeks.

46 Unit 5 On the move

3 Make true sentences about you.
Example PRESENTATION (2)
I/bath tonight
/ think I'll have a bath tonight// Present Continuous
don't think I'll have a bath tonight.
- it/rain tomorrow
- I/go shopping this afternoon
- I/be a millionaire one day
- I/eat out tonight
- we/have a white Christmas
- the teacher/give us a lot of
homework

4 Grammar
Underline the correct verb form in
the sentences.
Example
'Oh. dear. I'm late for work.'
'Don't worry. I'm going to give!
I'll give you a lift.'
a 'I've got a headache.'
'Have you? Wait a minute. /'//
get/I'm going to get you an
aspirin.'
1 Nina Kendle works in the fashion business.
b 'It's Tony's birthday next week." Look at her diary for today. Imagine it is 9.30 in the morning.
'Is it? I didn't know. I'll send/I'm - Where is she now?
going to send him a card.' What's she doing?
c 'Why are you putting on your - What are her plans for the rest of the day?
coat?'
'Because /'// take/I'm going to 2 T.35 Listen to a telephone conversation between a businessman, Alan
take the dog for a walk.' Middlcton, and Nina Kendle's secretary.
d 'Are you and Alan still going out
together?'
'Oh, yes. We'll get married! We're
going to get married next year.'
c (a telephone conversation}
'Would you like to go out for a
drink tonight?'
77/ watch/I'm going to watch the
football on television.'
'Oh! I didn't know it was on.'
'Come and watch it with me!'
'OK. I'll come/I'm going to come
round at about 7.30.'
f 'Did you phone Peter about
tonight?'
'No, I forgot. I'll do/I'm going to
do it now. What's his number?'

On the move Unit 5 4-7

3 Look at the conversation between Nina Kendle's PRACTICE
secretary (S) and Alan Middleton (A). Try to
complete the gaps. 1 Roleplay
S Hello. Nina Kendle's office. Work in pairs. Your teacher will give you a role card.
A Hello. Could I speak to Nina Kendle, please? Study the information on it carefully. Have telephone
This is Alan Middleton. conversations similar to the one between Alan Middleton
and Nina Kendle's secretary.
S Oh, I'm afraid she's out at the moment.
She (a) a factory. Remember the following expressions.
A I see. What time (b) she Could I speak to ... ? I'm afraid ...
. . ___ back in the office?
S I'm not sure. I don't know how long she's going to What time will ... be back? At about ... _
\ . •
stay there.
A All right. What about lunch-time? Is she free then? Is ... free at lunch-time? 'II check. No, she's
having/seeing/going
S Just one moment. I (c) _____ check.
No, she (d) lunch with a
designer. When's a good time
to try again? She'll be ...
A Till what time? Do you know? "*_
- - " • • •

S Erm ... Well, she (e) a customer I'll phone back ... 's fine ... j
here in her office at 2.00.
A Ah! So when's a good time to try again? 2 Discussing grammar
S Any time after 2.30. Work in pairs and discuss your answers. Underline the
correct verb form.
A Are you sure?
S Definitely. She (f) Example
in her office I must hurry because I'm going/I'll go to the doctor's.
for the rest of the afternoon.
A OK. 1 (g) phone back then. a Are you doing/ Will you do anything tonight? Would
you like to come round for a game of cards?
Thank you.
S That's all right. Goodbye.
Look at the Tapescript on page 131 and check your
answers.
- %

• Grammar questions
- What tense are the verbs in a, d and e?
OK. / answer/I'll answer it. )
Which refer to the present? Which refer to the future?
c 'I've just booked our summer holiday'
- Why are these sentences with will, not going to? 'Really? Where are you going/will you goT
I'll check. ' We go/We're going to Spain.'
I'll phone back then. d 'There's a good film on at the cinema tonight. Are
you interested?'
• Read the Language Review on page 49. 'Yes, I am.'
'Great! I'll see/I'm seeing you outside the cinema at 7.30.'
e Do you think it's raining/it'll rain this afternoon?
f 'We're having/We have a party next Saturday'
'Who are you going to invite/do you invite!"
'Just a few friends. Can you come?'
'I'd love to, but I'll go/I'm going away for the weekend.
Thanks, anyway'

48 Unit 5 On the move

3 Arranging to meet LANGUAGE REVIEW

Future forms
will
1 Will expresses an intention or decision made at the
moment of speaking.
I'll give you my phone number. Ring me tonight.
I'll check her diary for you.
I'll phone back later.
Many languages express this idea with a present tense,
but *I givc^ *I check and *i phone are wrong.

2 The most common use of will is to refer to the future.

It expresses a future fact or prediction.
Tomorrow will be warm and sunny
What time will she be back?
I'm sure you'll pass your exam.

going to
1 Imagine it is Friday morning. You need to arrange to 1 Going to expresses an intention or decision thought
meet someone over the weekend. First, fill in your about before the moment of speaking. It expresses
diary. What are you doing this weekend? When are a plan.
you free?
We're going to have a holiday in Sicily this summer.
My daughter's going to study modern languages at
Friday Bristol University.
morning afternoon evening
2 We use going to when we can see evidence now that
something is certain to happen.
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.

Present Continuous
The Present Continuous can be used to express a future
Saturday arrangement between people. It is common with verbs
morning afternoon evening such as go, come, see, visit, meet, have (a party), leave.
Pat and Peter are coming for a meal tonight.
We've having salmon for supper.
Sometimes there is little or no difference between a
future intention {going to) and a future arrangement
(Present Continuous).
Sunday We're going to see a play tonight.
morning aftt evening We've seeing a play tonight.

Iu-Q Grammar Reference: page 148.

2 Work in pairs. First decide why you want to meet. Is it

for business, or to go out together somewhere? Consult
your diary and try to find a time and a place to meet.

On the move Unit 5 49

 LISTENING AND READING
Pre-listening task T.38 Read the introduction and then listen to the
American family. Put a tick ( / ) in the box if they
1 Discuss the following questions.
mention what's in the picture.
- Do you get many foreign tourists in your country?
- What do they come to see? What do they come to do? "If it's Tuesday ...
- What are the most popular towns for them to visit?
What are the most popular places? we must be in Munich"
- Which countries do the tourists come from? Americans do it faster. Kathe Faller, a
German journalist, meets a family on the
2 You are going to listen to, and then read, an interview Express Tour: seven countries in twelve
from a German newspaper. It is about some American days. Breakfast in Paris, lunch in the Alps
tourists in Europe. It's title is 'If it's Tuesday ... we and dinner on the banks of the Rhine.
must be in Munich'.
What type of holiday does this describe?
Why is the holiday called the Express Tour?
Which countries have they already visited? Which are
Listening they going to visit?
1 Look at the pictures. Which do you recognize? Where is the family now?
Where can you find them?

On the move Unit 5 51

 Reading GARY Well no, it isn't a GARY All your souvenir
problem. You see, we have a spoons. Mom collects these
Now read the article and answer the questions. bathroom on the bus. little coffee spoons which
have a picture of the city on
- Who are the members of this American family?
them.
- Who do you think is enjoying the holiday most? 70 So what about the people?
What do you think of BOB Please, don't remind
Who is not enjoying it so much? Why? 110 me of the stress we',ve-had
- How many Americanisms can you find in the article? Europeans?
RUTHIE Well, everyone
over those damn spoons. I
Example Yup - Yes we've met has been real can tell you: London, Paris,
nice, real friendly. Lucerne, Bonn ...
BOB That's no surprise. RUTHIE NOW, now ...
don't get worked up about
'If it's Tuesday ... They are all waiters and
chambermaids. Everybody is
friendly if they are waiting
it, Bobby. I think it's real
interesting to go shopping in
all these countries. It's a
we must be so for a tip.

Are the people you've met

cultural experience.

120 So what's happening on

in Munich" in Europe different
from Americans?
GARY Yup. Americans are
the rest of the trip?
GARY This afternoon we're
driving through Austria, but
Ruthie Schumacher, aged 68, and her husband Bob, much more materialistic. not stopping, on our way to
Look at the store opening Venice.
72, from Maryland have never been out of the US times. We wanted to buy a GAYLE SO tomorrow we're
before. They are with their son, Gary, and his wife cuckoo clock in Lucerne, but going on a gondola, and
we couldn't get one because then doing a few museums
Gayle. I met them in Munich, in a cafe, two thirds of so it was lunch-time and the and galleries. We're going to
5 their way round a lightning cultural tour of Europe. store was closed for lunch. 130 have a few days in Italy. I'm
These people consider their really looking forward to
break more important than seeing that tower in Pisa.
Can I ask a few questions? castles we saw when we just money, money, money.
RUTHIE NO problem. It's went from Munich to Bonn What's it called?
our pleasure. Isn't it, Bob? in that boat?
BOB Yup.
So have you picked up any The Leaning Tower of Pisa.
40 GARY That was Heidelberg
souvenirs? Where else are you going in
to Bonn.
10 OK. What did you think of RUTHIE Oh yeah. I bought Italy?
RUTHIE YOU know, I can
the Munich Glockenspiel? some clothes in London and RUTHIE The itinerary is
feel the history every time I
You always see tourists some lace from Brussels. And Venice, Pisa, and a morning
look up from the sidewalks.
standing in front of it for ioo I'm going to buy some crystal in Florence. We're going to
I always say to Bob, 'Bob, if
hours, just watching and in Venice. I got a leather bag HO see that David thing—you
only the streets and stones
waiting. today in Munich. Did I forget know, the painting by
could talk'. Well, I've gotten
GAYLE The Glockenspiel? anything? Michelangelo.
goose bumps now just
thinking about it.
Yes, you know, the clock
with those little wooden 50 Do you feel that it is
figures that play music and possible to get to know the
20 dance round. Here in real Europe in such a short
Munich, on the Marienplatz. time?
RUTHIE Did we see that, GAYLE Of course. We're
Gary? seeing so much. Seven
GARY Oh, yeah, this countries, 3,500 miles. So
morning. It was real many towns, it's just
interesting. You Europeans wonderful. Best vacation
probably can't understand it, ever!
but for us, something like
that is real-life history. 60 Yes, but sometimes you
so GAYLE In America, if don't have time to get off
something is a hundred the bus and walk round the
years old, that's pretty old. town. You had to see Paris
But in Europe everything is from the bus because you
just so much older. only had two hours. Isn't
RUTHIE All those castles. that frustrating?
Do you remember all those

52 Unit 5 On the move

 h Bob is fed up with Ruthie because she is always
looking for souvenir spoons,
i The next stop of the tour is Vienna,
j They're going to have just one afternoon in Italy,
k None of them knows very much about the places they
are going to visit.
1 They are catching the plane home from Florence.

2 Find three occasions when people correct each other

in the interview. Who corrects wrro?-About what?

Language work
Complete the following questions and answers.
Example
How long does the tour last?
Twelve days.
a ever - before?
No, this is the first time they've visited another country.
b __ interview take place?
In Munich.
It's a statue, actually. But I make that six countries.
tell me, where exactly have What's the seventh? c When _ _ _ _ . . ^ _ ^ _ _ _ ^ _ _ ?
you been already? Which RUTHIE After Italy we're They saw it this morning.
cities? 160 going to Spain, to Madrid,
GARY Well, we started in and from there we're flying Some clothes.
London, then Brussels and back to the States.
on to Paris, ... in Venice?
GAYLE The other way How will you feel when Some crystal,
round, wasn't it? you get back? f Why
GARY NO. I'm sure it was RUTHIE Pretty exhilarated. Because she thinks it is a cultural experience,
Brussels first, then Paris. GARY Yeah, and
From there we went to
g What are they doing this afternoon?
exhausted.
Lucerne, then up to Bonn, GAYLE But excited, too.
and now we're in Munich. BOB I'll just feel poor. h How long „ in Italy?
A few days.

The Statue of David.

Comprehension check j Where home from?
Read the text again more carefully. Check any new Madrid.
words in your dictionary. k How . Bob
1 Are the following statements true (/) or false (X)? when he gets back to the States?
Correct the false ones. Poor.

a The Schumacher family often go abroad for their

holidays. Class survey
b Munich is over half-way through their tour of Europe, Stand up and ask three students the following questions.
c They're going to see the Glockenspiel tomorrow,
d Ruthie gets a strange feeling when she walks through What sort of holidays do you like?
the streets of old towns and thinks about all their - relaxing in the sun? - sightseeing?
history, - a holiday abroad/at home? - an activity holiday?
e The interviewer asks a question about the toilets in - a holiday like the Schumachers'?
Paris.
f They bought a cuckoo clock when they were in Compare answers with the rest of the class.
Lucerne.
g They think Swiss people are only interested in money.

On the move Unit 5 53

 WRITING
Janet and Peter Cooper
Sending a fax 8 Fast Lane
Chesswood
1 Janet Cooper wants to go to Herts WD5 8QR
Spain on holiday with her family.
tel 01923 284908
She decides to fax the receptionist fax 01923 285446
at the Hotel Plaza in Alicante to
see if they have the
accommodation she requires.
Look at the information on this This luxury hotel is situated on
page, and fill in the first part of
the water's edge of one of the most
Janet's fax. She will get all the
beautiful beaches in Spain.
information on one page. The code
for Spain from the UK is 00 34. For reservations and enquiries:
PHONE (6) 527 21 56
2 Write out the words of Janet's fax FAX (6) 527 15 02
message in the correct order.

FAX TRANSMISSION
From Page 1 of
To Date
For the attention of To fax no
From fax no
Message
a rooms hotel I to some would like
reserve at your
b in 28 July We on Alicante are arriving
c ten hope stay to We for nights
leaving 7 August on
d and husband like room My
double balcony a would with
preferably a
e require Our a two teenage
daughters twin room
f are all en-suite that We understand
your bedrooms
g you this confirm Could?
h a sea view possible Is have it
rooms to with ?
i available if me let you Please
for know have dates these rooms
j grateful if I be would also me
you could tell room each price
the of
k from I forward look you to hearing
Yours faithfully

54 Unit 5 On the move

3 T.39 Listen and check your answers.
Tell her that all the rooms have an en-suite bathroom,
4 You are the receptionist at the hotel. Write a reply to and all the rooms have a sea view.
Janet, either by letter or fax. The rooms are 21,000 pesetas per room per night.
- Thank her for her enquiry. End the letter saying that you look forward to
- Say you are pleased to confirm her reservation for the welcoming her and her family to your hotel.
rooms she wants, and for the dates she wants. Finish with Yours sincerely, Reception.

Travelling around
1 Here are some lines from conversations on different 2 Match a line in Exercise 1 with a reply.
kinds of transport. a Look! You drive and I'll navigate from now on! Right?
Where does each conversation take place? Choose b Yes, of course. Hop in!
from the box. c Would you mind getting me a sandwich as well?
d I'm terribly sorry. We didn't notice that they were
car bus taxi underground
reserved.
train plane ferry e Yes. We're beginning our descent soon.
f Well, the forecast is good, so it should be very
Do you think it'll be smooth,
a rough crossing? g One pound eighty, please. Just sit near me and I'll give
you a shout.
h The Jubilee Line to Green Park. Then change to the
Victoria Line,
i Thanks a lot. Do you want a hand with those bags?
Excuse me, I think you'll T.40 Listen and check your answers. Practise some
find those seats facing of the conversations with a partner.
the front are ours,
Roleplay
Two to the British Museum, Work in pairs. You are in a hotel. A is the receptionist,
please. And could you possibly and B is a guest. The guest has several requests, and
tell us when it's our stop? phones Reception from his/her room. Change roles after
3 conversations.
Can you take us to Example
get a couple of coffees There are no towels.
Euston Station, please? from the buffet car.
A Hello. Reception. Can I help you?
That's all right, you can B Yes, please. There are no towels in my room. Could you
No, no! He said turn left send some up, please?
keep the change.
at the pub, not right! A Certainly. I'll see to it straight away.
Excuse me, are we
B Thanks. Bye.
landing on time?
Which line is it for Use these situations for B.
Oxford Circus? You'd like some tea and a sandwich in your room.
- You want the telephone number of the railway station.
- You want Reception to recommend a good place to eat.
- You can't get the television to work.
- You want to be woken at 7.00 in the morning and
have breakfast in your room.
- You want to order a taxi to take you to the airport.

On the move Unit 5 55

 Likes and dislikes
Like
Verb + -ing or infinitive?
Signs and soundbites

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 In the following sentences, is like used as a verb or a Questions with like

preposition? 1 In Britain, some school children go on exchanges to
a How do you like your coffee, black or white? another country. They stay with a family for two weeks,
b I'm just like my father. We're both tall and thin with and then the boy or girl of the family comes back to
black hair and brown eyes. Britain for two weeks. Does this happen in your country?
c Don't you think that Pedro looks like Tom Cruise?
2 Read the conversation between Anna and Nina, two
d What would you like to do tonight? schoolgirls. Put one of the questions from the box into
e 'We went to that new restaurant last night.' each gap.
'Really? What was it like?'
f 'How do you tie a tie?' What does she like doing? How is she?
'Let me show you. Like this.' What's she like? What does she look like?
What would she like to do?
g 'Shall we go home now?'
'If you like.'
Anna My French exchange visitor came yesterday.
2 Match a sentence with a picture. Nina What's her name?
Q They stopped to talk to each other. Anna Marie-Ange.
Nina What a pretty name! (1) ?
O They stopped talking to each other.

* » • ntt to n*d ia

56 Unit 6 Likes and dislikes

 Anna She's really nice. I'm sure we'll get on really PRACTICE
well. We seem to have a lot in common.
Nina Why do you say that? (2) __ ? 1 Questions and answers
Anna Well, she likes dancing, and so do I. And we
both like tennis and listening to music. Match a question in A with an answer in B.
Nina That sounds great. I saw you with someone A
this morning. Was it Marie-Ange? a What does he like?
(3)___________ ? b What's he like?
Anna She's quite tall, and she's got long, dark hair. c What does he look like?
Nina No, it wasn't her, then. Now, we're all going d How is he?
out tomorrow, aren't we? Shall we go for a
pizza, or shall we go to the cinema? B
(4) ._ ? ] He isn't very well, actually. He's got the 'flu.
Anna I'll ask her tonight and tell you tomorrow. By Q He's really nice. Very friendly and open, and good fun
the way, someone told me your mum's not to be with.
very well. What's the matter? (5) ?
Nina Oh, she's OK. She's had a bad sore throat, ] He likes swimming and skiing, and he's a keen
that's all, but it's getting better now. football fan.
Anna Oh, it's not too bad, then. ] He's quite tall, average build, with straight brown hair.

T.41 Listen and check your answers. In pairs,

practise the conversation. 2 Listening
T.42 Listen to nine short descriptions of people or
things. Write an appropriate question for each.
• Grammar question
Example
- Match the questions from the box in Exercise 2 with Description
the definitions below. Gosh! Haven't you ever tried Indian food? It's absolutely
a Tell me about her physical appearance. delicious. Really rich! It can be hot, but it doesn't have
b Tell me about her interests and hobbies. to be.
c Tell me about her because I don't know anything
Question
L about her.
d Tell me about her health.
e Tell me about her preferences for tomorrow evening.
N What's Indian food like?

- In which questions is like used as a verb, and in which

is it a preposition?

3 Descriptions
In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.
a What sort of things do you like doing?
b How are your parents?
c Who do you look like in your family?
d Who are you like in terms of character?
e What are you like as a person?
f What's your school like?
g What does your teacher look like?

Likes and dislikes Unit 6 57

 PRACTICE
PRESENTATION (2)
1 Grammar and listening
Verb + -ing or infinitive?
1 When one verb is followed by another, different
1 Read the' letter and underline the correct verb form. patterns are possible. Put the verbs from the
Example Presentation text in the correct box.
We've decided going/to go/go to Kenya for a holiday.
verb + -ing verb + infinitive (with to)
love want to do

verb + person + verb + person +

infinitive with to infinitive without to
want someone to do make someone do

2 T.44 You will hear sentences with the verbs below.

Add them to the correct box in Exercise 1.
Example
The teacher told me to do my homework. Box 3
I promised to do it carefully. Box 2

tell promise hate agree

manage need forget choose
like refuse can't stand finish
ask continue

3 Look at the list of verb patterns on page 158 and

check your answers.

2 Discussing grammar
Work in pairs and discuss your answers.
1 In the following sentences, two verbs are possible and
one is not. Underline the verb that is not possible.
a My father to mend my bike.
1 promised 2 didn't mind 3 tried
b She her son to turn down his music.
1 asked 2 wanted 3 made
c I going on long walks.
1 refuse 2 can't stand 3 adore
2 T.43 Listen and check your answers. d We to go shopping.
1 need 2 'd love 3 enjoy
• Grammar question e She me do the cooking.
Read the sentences. wanted 2 made 3 helped
f I working for the bank twenty
Last night I was watching television when the phone rang.
I stopped watching television. years ago.
I stopped to answer the phone. 1 started 2 stopped 3 decided

- What is the difference between stop + -ing and stop + 2 Change the sentences in Exercise 1 using the verbs you
the infinitive? underlined.

58 Unit 6 Likes and dislikes

LANGUAGE REVIEW VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
Asking for descriptions Words that go together
1 What's London like? means 'Tell Use your dictionaries to look up any new words.
me about London because I don't
know anything about it'. It is a 1 Look at the following groups of words. Which four of the surrounding
very general question. words in each group cannot go with the noun
When it is asked about a person, in the centre? cosmopolitan
the answer can refer to character polluted modern
or appearance or both. expensive historic exciting
What's Peter like? reserved sociable capital excited
He's quite tall, with short blond bored elderly
hair. old Towns busy
He's really nice. You'd like him. boring young young rural
tall People rich
2 What does she look like? asks for a antique seaside
physical description. rude high
agricultural industrial
What does she took like? antique starving
overcrowded
She's very pretty. She's got long wealthy crowded
black hah; and dark, mysterious sophisticated disgusting
eyes. delicious tasteless
3 How are your parents? asks about boiled tasteful
their health and general esh plain
happiness. It does not ask for a Food tasty
description.
ist frozen
How are your parents?
They're fine, thanks. My mother wealthy starving
had a cold, but she's better now. disgusted vegetarian
home-grown
Verb patterns
2 Put a suitable adjective from Exercise 1 into the gaps in the following
We use -ing after some verbs. conversations. If necessary, use their comparative or superlative forms.
/ don't mind cooking but I hate Example
ironing. Billy's only two so he's the youngest in the family.
We use the infinitive after some
a 'What is Anna's brother like?'
verbs.
'Well, he is certainly , dark and handsome, hut 1 didn't
We tried to save some money because enjoy meeting him at all. He is even than she is!'
we needed to buy a new car.
b 'What was your meal like?'
My mother asked me to tidy up, and
'Ugh! It was awful. The pizza was _ . We were absolutely
then told me to go to bed.
but we still couldn't eal it!'
Make and let are followed by the
c 'Did you have a good time in Amsterdam?'
infinitive without to.
'Excellent, thank you. There's so much to do. It's a really . —
She made me go to bed, but she let city. And there are so many people from all over the world, it's even
me read for a while. _________ than London.'
;
There is a list of verb patterns on d Mmm! These courgettes are . . Did you grow them
page 158. yourselves?'
'Yes, we did. All our vegetables are ___ . .'
Grammar Reference: page 149.

3 T.45 Listen and check your answers. Work with a partner and practise
saying some of the dialogues, paying particular attention to the intonation.

Likes and dislikes Unit 6 59

 READING AND SPEAKING
Pre-reading task
Work in pairs.
1 Do you know any typical meals from the
following countries?
In search ofby Verona Paul and Jason Winner
France Turkey Italy England
India Spain Mexico
ow come it is so difficult to find English food in England?
Switzerland America Greece

What do you think influences a country's

food? What influences the food in your
country?
H In Greece you eat Greek food, in France French food, in
Italy Italian food, but in England, in any High Street in
the land, it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than
English ones. In London you can eat Thai, Portuguese, Turkish,
2 Read these quotations about English food. Lebanese, Japanese, Russian, Polish, Swiss, Swedish, Spanish, and
Do all the people have the same opinion Italian—but where are the English restaurants?
about English food?
It is not only in restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing
traditional British food. In every supermarket, sales of-pasia., pizza
'It takes some skill to spoil a breakfast and poppadoms are booming. Why has this happened? What is
even the English can't do it!' wrong with the cooks of Britain that they prefer
J K Galbraith, economist cooking pasta to potatoes? Why do the
British choose to eat lasagne
'On the Continent people have good instead of shepherd's pie? Why
food; in England people have good do they now like cooking in
table manners.' wine and olive oil? But
George Mikes, writer and humorist perhaps it is a good thing.
'If the English can survive their food, After all, this is the end of
they can survive anything!' the 20th century and we
George Bernard Shaw, writer can get ingredients from all
over the world in just a few hours.
'Even today, well-brought up English Anyway, wasn't English food always
girls are taught to boil all vegetables disgusting and tasteless? Wasn't it
for at least a month and a half, just always boiled to death and swimming in fat?
in case one of the dinner guests The answer to these questions is a resounding 'No', but to
comes without his teeth!' understand this, we have to go back to before World War II.
Calvin Trillin, American writer
The British have in fact always imported food from abroad. From
'English cooking? You just put things the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence
into boiling water and then take them on British cooking. English kitchens, like the English language,
out again after a long while!' absorbed ingredients from all over the world—chickens, rabbits,
An anonymous French chef apples, and tea. All of these and more were successfully incorporated
into British dishes. Another important influence on British cooking
Reading was of course the weather. The good old British rain gives us rich soil
and green grass, and means that we are able to
Read the text quickly. produce some of the finest varieties of meat,
Match a paragraph 1-5 with a summary fruit and vegetables, which don't need fancy
below. sauces or complicated recipes to disguise
- Historical and climatic influences on their taste.
British cooking
- There's everything except an English However, World War II changed
restaurant. everything. Wartime women had to
- The legacy of World War II forget 600 years of British cooking,
- Where there is hope for the future learn to do without foreign imports, and
- The British love affair with international ration their use of home-grown food. •
cooking

60 Unit 6 Likes and dislikes

 2 They say that the British ...
a eat only traditional British food in their homes,
b don't like cooking with foreign ingredients.

English food c buy lots of foreign ingredients.

3 They say that the British weather ...
a enables the British to produce good quality food,
b often ruins fruit and vegetables,
c is not such an important influence on British food
as foreign trade.
• The Ministry of Food published cheap, boring
recipes. The joke of the war was a dish called 4 They say that World War II had a great influence on
Woolton Pie (named after the Minister for Food!). British cooking because ...
This consisted of a mixture of boiled vegetables a traditional British cooking was rediscovered and
some good cheap recipes were produced.
covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the
b people had limitless supplies of home-grown food.
top. Britain never managed to recover from the
c people started to believe that British food was
wartime attitude to food. We were left with a loss of
boring, so after the war they wanted to cook more
confidence in our cooking skills and after years of interesting and international dishes.
Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food
was boring, and we searched the world for 5 They say that ...
sophisticated, new dishes which gave hope of a better a British tourists try lots of new dishes when they are
future. The British people became tourists at their abroad,
own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land! b nowadays it is very unusual for British people to
This is a tragedy! Surely food is as much a part of our cook British food,
culture as our landscape, our language, and our c literature and language are more culturally
literature. Nowadays, cooking British food is like important than food.
speaking a dead language. It is almost as bizarre as 6 The writers' final conclusion about British cooking is
having a conversation in Anglo-Saxon English! that ...
a there is no hope.
5 However, there is still one small ray of hope. British b you will only be able to get British food in
pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply expensive restaurants.
in Britain, and they also increasingly try to serve tasty c you will be able to get more good traditional
British food. Can we recommend to you our two British dishes, especially in pubs.
favourite places to eat in Britain? The Shepherd's Inn
in Melmerby, Cumbria, and the Dolphin Inn in
Kingston, Devon. Their steak and mushroom pie, Discussion
Lancashire hotpot, and bread 1 Do you agree that food is as much a part of a country's
and butter pudding culture as its landscape, language, and literature?
are three of the
gastronomic 2 Which are your favourite places to eat in your country?
wonders of Why?
the world!
Language work
Work in pairs. Study the text and find the following.
1 One example of like used as a verb and two examples
of like used as a preposition.
Comprehension check 2 Two examples of the pattern, adjective + infinitive.
It's impossible to learn English.
Read the article more carefully. Choose the best answer,
a, b or c. 3 Examples of verbs that are followed by an -ing form.
/ love learning English.
1 The writers believe that British cooking ...
a has always been very bad. 4 Examples of verbs that are followed by an infinitive
b was good until World War II. with to.
c is good because it is so international. I want to learn Italian.

Likes and dislikes Unit 6 61

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
New York and London
Pre-listening task
Look at the pictures of New York and London
What do you know about the cities?
Have you been there? What did you do?
What did you think of these cities?

Listening Comprehension check

Work in two groups. What do they/does she say about the following things?
Group A
BOB AND SHEILA TERRY
T.46a Listen to Sheila and Bob
talking about when they lived in New 1 People
York. - What are they like?
- What is important to them?
Bob and Sheila spent two years living
- What do they like doing?
in New York because of Bob's work as
- Where do they live?
a banker. Neither of them had lived in
a big city before. They now live back in
2 Shops
England, in a small village outside
- What are they like?
London.
- Do they like them?
Group B - What time do they open?
T.46b Listen to Terry. She is an
3 Work and holidays
American who lives in London.
Terry Tomscha talks about her 4 Transport
experience of living and working in - What do they mention?
England, where she has been for the
past eleven years. 5 General opinions
- Is it a good place to live? Why?

Speaking
Find a partner from the other group. Compare your information.

62 Unit 6 Likes and dislikes

 WRITING AND SPEAKING
Describing a room
1 Think of your favourite room. Draw a plan of it on a 2 T.47 Read and listen to the description of a
piece of paper. favourite room.
Write down why you like it and some adjectives to Use your dictionary to look up any new words.
describe it.
3 There are four mistakes in the picture. What are they?
My favourite room is ... I like it because it is ...
Show a partner your plan and talk about why you like
the room.

My favourite room
MY FAVOURITE room is our kitchen.
Perhaps the kitchen is the most
important room in many houses, but
it is particularly so in our house
5 because it's not only where we cook
and eat but it's also the main
meeting place for family and friends.
I have so many happy memories of
times spent there: special occasions
io such as homecomings or cooking
Christmas dinner; troubled times,
which lead to comforting cups of tea
in the middle of the night; ordinary
daily events such as making breakfast
15 on dark, cold winter mornings for
cross, sleepy children before sending
them off to school, then sitting down
to read the newspaper with a
steaming hot mug of coffee.
20 Whenever we have a party, people
gravitate with their drinks to the
kitchen. It always ends up the fullest
and noisiest room in the house.

So WHAT does this special room look

25 like? It's quite big, but not huge. It's
big enough to have a good-sized THE FRONT door is seldom used in
rectangular table in the centre, which It always ends up the our house, only by strangers. All our
is the focal point of the room. There fullest and noisiest room friends use the back door, which
is a large window above the sink, in the house. means they come straight into the
30 which looks out onto two apple trees kitchen and join in whatever is
in the garden. The cooker is at one, n and future, in words and pictures: a happening there. The kettle goes on
end, and above it is a wooden pulley, school photo of Megan and Kate, a immediately and then we all sit
which is old-fashioned but very 40 postcard from Auntie Nancy in round the table, drinking tea and
useful for drying clothes in wet Australia, the menu from a take- putting the world to rights! Without
35 weather. At the other end is a wall away Chinese restaurant, a wedding doubt some of the happiest times of
with a large notice-board, which tells invitation for next Saturday. All our my life have been spent in our
the story of our lives, past, present, world is there for everyone to read! kitchen. •

Likes and dislikes Unit 6 63

4 The relative pronouns which and where are used in the c The postcard arrived this morning. It's from Auntie
text. Find them and underline them. What does each Nancy,
one refer to? d I passed all my exams. This made my father very
proud.
Grammar Reference: page 149. e Did you meet the girl? Her mother teaches French.

5 Link the following sentences with the correct relative 6 Write a similar description of your favourite room in
pronoun: who, which, that, where, whose. about 250 words.
Describe it and give reasons why you like it.
a The blonde lady is my wife. She's wearing a black dress,
b There's the hospital. My sister works there.

Signs and soundbites

Where would you see or hear the following? A table for four, please.

PAY AND D SPLAY

Government health warning

Tobacco seriously damages your health The management accepts no responsibility.
Coats and other articles left at owner's risk.

VACANT
VISITORS ARE REQUESTED
TO KEEP TO THE PATHS
Coming next on
Capital—traffic news
and the weather

No, I'm just looking

thank you.
SERVICES
KEEP OUT OF REACH 20 MILES
OF CHILDREN FOR EXTERNAL
USE ONLY

Is service included?

Don't forget to give my love

to everyone at home.
Yo u rs fa ithfully,
Veronica Vazey

64 Unit 6 Likes and dislikes

 The world of work
Present Perfect active and passive
On the telephone

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 Work in pairs. Ask and answer

Present Perfect Simple
the questions. 1 Read the job advertisement. Does this job interest you?
Do you have any of the necessary qualifications to apply?
a What do you do?
b How long have you had your
present job?
c What did you do before that?
WORLDWATCH
Business journalist £35,000 p.a.
This international business magazine, with 23,000 readers worldwide,
requires a journalist to help cover political news in Europe.
The successful applicant will be based in Geneva and should:
• have at least two years' experience in business journalism
• be fluent in French and German, and if possible have
Do you live in a some knowledge of Spanish
house or a flat? • have a degree in politics
• have travelled widely.
Please write with full CV to
David Benton, WorldWatch UK Ltd,
357 Ferry Rd, Basingstoke RG2 5HP WORLDWATCH

e How long have you lived there?

f When did you move there? T.48 Nancy Mann has applied for the job and is being interviewed.
g How long have you known your Listen to the interview. Do you think she will get the job?
teacher?
h When did you first meet your
teacher?
1 Have you ever been to America?
j If so, when did you go?

2 Tell the rest of the class about

your partner.

3 There are three tenses used in

the questions. What are they?

The world of work Unit 7 65

3 Read the first part of Nancy's interview. Put the PRACTICE
correct auxiliary verb do, did, or have into each gap.
1 Who you work for at the moment, Ms 1 Biographies
Mann?
N I work for the BBC World Service.
I And how long you worked for the BBC?
N I been with the BBC for five years. Yes,
exactly five years.
And how long you been their German
correspondent?
N For two years.
I And what . you do before the BBC?
N 1 worked as an interpreter for the EU.
Listen to the first part again and check your answers.

• Grammar questions
Does she still work for the BBC?
- Does she still work for the EU?
- Explain why Nancy says:
/ work for the BBC World Service.
I've worked for them for five years. Here are some more events from Nancy Mann's life.
I worked as an interpreter for the EU. Match a line in A with a time expression in B to tell
the story of her life. Put a letter a-k in the box.
4 Read and complete the second part of Nancy's
interview with did, was, or have. A

1 As you know, this job is based in Geneva. a She was born

you ever lived abroad before? b She went to boarding school in England
N Oh yes, yes I . c She studied French and German
I And when you live abroad? d She hasn't spoken Spanish
N Well, in fact I born in Argentina and I e She's worked in both eastern and western Europe
lived there until I was eleven. Also, I lived and f She worked in Brussels
worked in Brussels for two years when I g She's worked for the BBC
working for the EU. h She hasn't worked abroad
I That's interesting. you travelled much? i She married for the first time
N Oh yes, yes indeed. I . travelled all over j She's been married
western and eastern Europe, and I also k She married for the third time
been to many parts of South America.
1 And why you go to these places?
N Well, mostly for pleasure, but three years ago I for the last five years.
went back to Argentina to cover various political three times.
stories in Buenos Aires for the BBC.
from 1970 to 1977.
Listen and check your answers. at various times in her life,
] when she was twenty-one.
• Grammar question ] when she was at Oxford University.
- The interviewer asks: in Argentina in 1959.
Have you ever lived abroad? for two years, from 1989 to 1991.
When did you live abroad? last year.
Nancy says: ] since her son was born four years ago.
I've been to many parts of South America. ] since she was in Buenos Aires three years ago.
... three years ago I went back to Argentina ...
Why are different tenses used? 2 T.49 Listen and check your answers.

66 Unit 7 The world of work

3 Work in pairs. Write similar tables of your own life.
Ask your partner to match the events and the times to PRESENTATION (2)
tell the story of your life. Correct any wrong times.
Present Perfect active and passive
2 Time expressions 1 Read the newspaper headlines. Check any new words.
Put for, since, in, or ago into each gap.
a 1 was born 1961. a DANGEROUS PRISONER ESCAPES
b I went to university three years.
c
d
I passed my driving test fifteen years
I've had a car 1983.
.
b Floods bring road chaos
e Now I've got a BMW. I've had it two years.
f I met my wife 1985.
g We've been married . nine years. c Kidnapped baby found
h Our first daughter was born six years .
i We've lived in the same house 1990.
US CAR WORKERS
3 Have you ever ...? d MADE REDUNDANT
1 The following verbs are all irregular. What is the past
simple and past participle? 2 T.50a Read and listen to the radio news headlines
of the same stories. Fill in the gaps with the exact
have eat win forget bring make words you hear.
be drink lose sleep find give
meet write drive hear sing
leave read ride see go (Careful!) Here is the
news...
2 Work with a partner. Choose from the list and make
dialogues like the example.
Example
be/America? RADIO NEWS HEADLINES
A Have you ever been to America? a The murderer Bruce Braden from
B Yes, I have. I No, I haven't. I've never been there. Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight,
A When did you go? b After the heavy rain of the last few days, floods
B Two years ago. I went to Disneyland with my chaos to drivers in the West
family.
Country.
c Amy Carter, the kidnapped baby from Leeds,
have/an operation? win/a competition?
__ safe and well in a car park in
be/on TV? lose/your job? Manchester,
write/a love letter? hear/an opera? d Two thousand car workers from a US car factory
. redundant.
ride/a motor bike? see/a horror movie?
have/an English forget/an important
breakfast? birthday? • Grammar questions
try/iced tea? sleep/in the open air? - Which of these questions can you answer?
Which can't you answer?
drive/a van? sing/in a choir?
Who has escaped from prison?
read/a book in a meet/anyone famous? What has brought chaos to the West Country?
foreign language? Who has found Amy Carter?
Who has made the car workers redundant?
3 Tell the class as much as you can remember about - What is the difference between the verb forms in
your partner. • Exercise 2?

The world of work Unit 7 67

3 T.50b Listen to the news items and fill in the gaps to PRACTICE
complete the stories. What other information do you
learn about each one? 1 Here is the news!
a Last night, the murderer Bruce Braden Work in pairs.
. from Parkhurst Prison. Prison 1 Here are some more headlines from newspapers. Mak
officers his cell empty at six them into radio news headlines.
o'clock this morning. Examples
Plane crashes in Colombia
A Boeing 727 has crashed in the mountains of
Colombia near Bogota.

DANGEROUS PRISONER RECAPTURED

The murderer Bruce Braden has been recaptured near
Parkhurst Prison.
a Famous film star leaves $3,000,000 to her favourite pe
b Priceless painting stolen from Louvre
c Seven people killed in train crash
d Princess runs away with gardener
e President forced to resign
f Sporting hero fails drug test

2 Choose two of the headlines and write the full stories

Read your news to the rest of the class.
3 What's in the news today? What national or
b Early this morning, floods __ chaos international stories do you know?
to many roads in Devon. Drivers left their cars
and to work through the flood 2 Giving personal news
water.
What about your personal news? What have you done
c Late last night, the kidnapped baby Amy Carter, today? This week? This year? Ask and answer questions
. safe and well in a car park in the with a partner.
centre of Manchester. The car park attendant
Example
. ._ a noise coming from a rubbish
have /breakfast?
bin and he . Amy wrapped in a
warm blanket. (Have you had breakfast? have. I've just had it

d Two thousand car workers from the General No. I haven't. I never
Motors factory in Detroit eat breakfast!
redundant yesterday. The management -__ ^-
'What did you have? j Cornflakes and toast.
them no warning. The men
were shocked and furious when they
the news yesterday evening. Today This week This year
travel/by bus? go/cinema? have/a holiday
(Careful!) yet?
• Grammar questions do/any work? do/any exercise? move/house?
have/a coffee play/a sport? have/your
- Which tense is used in the full stories in Exercise 3 break? birthday yet?
above? Why?
have/lunch yet? watch/TV? take/any exams!
- Which tense is used in the headlines in Exercise 2 on do/any exercise? wash/your hair? apply/for a new
page 67? Why? job?

68 Unit 7 The world of work

3 Discussing grammar LANGUAGE REVIEW
Work in pairs.
The Present Perfect
1 Read the following sentences. Discuss where the words
can go. Sometimes there are several possibilities. The Present Perfect relates past time to present time. It
has three main uses.
just yet already ever never
1 To express unfinished past.
a I've washed my hair. I've lived here for five years. (I started living here five
b Have you played basketball? years ago and I still live here.)
c He hasn't learned to drive. He's been a teacher since he was twenty-one.
d They've finished the exercise. NOT *-Hc is a teacher since ...
e She's learned a foreign language.
f We've met your teacher. 2 To express an experience that happened some time in
g Have they finished doing the washing-up? your life. It is the experience that is important, not
h Has it stopped raining? when it happened.
I've been to Australia. I went three years ago.
2 Underline the correct verb form.
Have you ever lived in France?' ' Yes, I have. I lived
a The Prime Minister of Italy has resigned/has been therefrom 1993 to 1995.'
resigned and a new prime minister has elected/has been
elected. 3 To express the present importance of a past event,
b The Italian people told/were told of his resignation on usually a recent event. It is often used when giving news.
television yesterday evening,
The police have warned the public that the man is
c 1 lost/have lost my glasses. Did you see/Have you seen
dangerous.
them anywhere?
I've lost my credit card. Have you seen it?
d 'Where has Liz gone/did Liz go on holiday?'
'She's in Paris.'
e 'Where has Liz gone/did Liz go on holiday?' The Present Perfect passive
'She went to Paris.'
f 'Did John ever go/Has John ever been to Paris?' The uses of the Present Perfect are the same in the passive.
'Oh, yes. Five times.' Two million cars have been produced so far this year.
g A huge earthquake has hit/has been hit central Japan. (Unfinished past)
Nearly 1,000 people have killed/have been killed. It Have you ever been made redundant?' 'No, never, thank
happened/has happened mid-afternoon yesterday. goodness!' (Past experience)
'Have you heard? I've been left £4,000 by my great aunt!'
(Present importance)

CQ Grammar Reference: page 150.

READING AND SPEAKING 2 Work in small groups and

discuss your ideas in your
Pre-reading task group. Share your ideas with
the rest of the class.
1 Close your eyes for a few minutes.
Imagine it is one hundred years ago 3 What about now? Do many
and you are very rich. people have servants?
- What is your life like? Have you ever worked in
- Where do you live? What do you do? anyone else's home? In what
- Do you have any servants? ways are servants today
How many? What do they do for you? different from years ago?
- What do you know about the lives of
your servants? Where do they live?

The world of work Unit 7 69

 Reading Read your article again.
Which of the following multi-word verbs can you find
The modern servant - in your article? Underline them.

the nanny, the cook, and the gardener bring up (1) look after, educate (a child)
bring up (2) mention (in conversation)
1 You are going to read about three modern servants. carry on continue
Divide into three groups. drop out leave, not complete (a college course)
fall out quarrel and no longer be friends
Group A Read about the nanny. get on with have a good relationship with
Group B Read about the cook. get over recover from (an illness, a shock)
Group C Read about the gardener. give up stop (a job, a habit, e.g. smoking)
go through experience
Read your article and answer the questions. Use your
grow up change from child to adult
dictionary to help with new words. Discuss your
look after take care of
answers with your group.
make up (1) invent
a What and who influenced her/his choice of career? make it up (2) be friends again after an argument
b What did her/his parents want her/him to do? pick up learn unconsciously (e.g. a language)
c What was the parents' attitude to the choice of career put off postpone
at first? be taken aback be surprised
d Has the parents' attitude changed? If so, why? take after resemble
e In what ways do the parents think that times have turn out be in the end
changed since they were young? take over take control of

The nanny thought it was just a childish phase I was

going through, but it wasn't. They thought I

A
manda Peniston-Bird, 21, is
would follow in my father's footsteps and
the daughter of a judge and
study law. But I didn't. There were some
has just completed a two-
terrible rows but I didn't go to university.
year training course to be a nanny
I left school and spent a year working
5 at the Norland Nursery Training
at Ludgrove School, where Prince
College. She and her mother talk
I William used to go. Then I started my
about her choice of career.
training course at Norland College. I
finished the course last month and I've
Amanda applied for the post of nanny to twins
My sister Charlotte was born when I was aged six months. Mummy and Daddy
IO seven and my mother decided she needed weren't angry for long, we made it up
a nanny to look after us. So we got before I went to college, and they have
Alison. She was very young, seventeen I encouraged me ever since.
think, and wonderful. I adored her. She
only worked part-time with us before she Amanda's mother
15 started her training at Norland College. She
Her father is still a wee bit disappointed that she
had to dress us in the morning and take me
didn't take after him and study law, but I think
to school. After school she made us delicious
we're both proud, and also pleased, that she has
teas and read us stories in bed. On
made her own decisions in life and done so well.
Charlotte's birthday she organized a
We have brought her up to be an independent
20 fantastic party. • My father wanted me to thinker, so we can't complain. Everything has
When Alison left, we had a trained nanny be a solicitor. * turned out for the best. I had a nanny when I
who lived with us and worked full-time. She was a child but I never thought of being one
was called Nanny Barnes by everyone, children. 1 have always enjoyed taking care myself, but times have changed and 'nannying'
including my parents. She was older and of my sister and younger cousins. I told has been socially acceptable for a long time. It
25 quite traditional and wore a uniform. It was 30 Mummy very firmly that I wanted to be a wasn't just Princess Diana who made it
then that I realized that I wanted to be a nanny when I grew up. At the time she fashionable!
nanny. 1 have always got on well with laughed. I know that she and Daddy

70 Unit 7 The world of work

 The cook 30 cookery course for fun, and I went for a
month to a hotel in Torquay. 1 enjoyed it so
much, I knew I couldn't put off telling my

G
iles Mildmay, 24, has been a
parents any longer, so I brought the subject
professional cook for three
up one night over dinner. At first there was
years. His father, George, owns
35 silence, and then my father asked me why. I
a two-hundred-acre farm in Devon.
explained that cooking was like painting a
5 The family have farmed in Devon for
picture or writing a book. Every meal was an
over three hundred years. Giles'
act of creation. I could see that my father
younger brother Tobias is studying
was not convinced, but he didn't get angry,
farm management at Exeter
40 he just patted me on the shoulder and smiled.
University. Giles and his father talk
My mother kissed me. And now that I have
10 about his choice of career.
opened my own restaurant, I think they are
very proud of me. However, my grandfather
Giles (on my father's side) is not so kind, he thinks
45 I'm mad to have given up farming.
I think I've always been interested in food.
My grandparents (on my mother's side) lived
in a huge old manor house in Lincolnshire Giles' father
is and they had a wonderful cook. She made • My grandfather thinks I know that times have changed, but I was
fantastic standard English food; her roast beef I'm mad! * brought up with a butler and a cook to look
and Yorkshire pudding was out of this world. after me, and I never went near the kitchen. I
I used to love going down to the kitchen and .15,1 had taken over the cooking at home for 50 was taken aback at first when Giles announced
watching her work, and I picked up a lot of 25 ray parents' dinner parties, and I had started what he wanted to do. His grandfather still
20 cooking tips from her. I realized that I wanted to make up my own recipes. I knew my hasn't got over it, but his mother and I are
to be a cook when I was about 12.1 went to a parents would not approve of cooking as a delighted that he is doing something he enjoys.
boarding school and when other boys chose career, so I decided to introduce them slowly Nowadays anyone with a job that they enjoy is
to do sport, I chose cookery. By the time I was to the idea, T told them that I wanted to do a 55 very lucky.

Hugo
The gardener When I was 11, we moved to a large Tudor 35 but also because a lot of my university
house in Fast Anglia which had three acres friends have found it difficult to find good

H
ugo Grantchester, 26, has
of garden. We had a gardener who lived in jobs or have been made redundant.
been a gardener and a tree
15 a little cottage at the end of our drive. I used Sometimes people are quite taken aback
surgeon for four years. He
to spend hours watching him work and when they find out that their gardener went
went to Oxford University to study
talking to him. I think I picked up a lot 40 to university, but I think it makes them
5 archaeology, but he dropped out
about gardening without realizing it, respect my opinion more when I'm helping
after just one term. His father,
because one summer, when I was still at them plan their gardens.
Hector, is a surveyor and his
mother, Geraldine, is an interior 20 school, I took a job at a garden centre and I
designer. Hugo and his mother talk knew all the names of the plants, and I Hugo's mother
io about his choice of career. could give people advice. Then I went to
His father and I were so delighted when he
university and it was a disaster. After a term
45 went to Oxford, but when he gave it up so soon
T told my parents that I was going to give it
we were very, very angry. We thought manual
25 up and go back to work in the garden
labour was not the career for our only son. We
centre. They were furious, we had a terrible
fell out for months, Hector refused to allow
row, and they didn't speak to me for
Hugo into the house, and we all felt thoroughly
months. But I knew it was a waste of time
50 miserable. But our daughter told us not to
to carry on studying archaeology, and the
worry because Hugo would be a millionaire by
30 moment I started gardening again, I knew
the time he was forty. Anyway, we've made it
I'd made the right decision. I've enjoyed
up now we can see how happy he is, even
every moment of the last four years and my
though he hasn't become a millionaire yet!
parents have learnt to accept what I do, not
55 Times have changed and all kinds of people do
only because they can see how happy I am,
all kinds of work, and I think the world's a
better place for it!
• My parents were furious. *

The world of work Unit 7 71

Comprehension check VOCABULARY
Find a partner from each of the other two groups.
Multi-word verbs
1 Go through questions a-e in Exercise 1 on page 70 There are many examples of multi-word verbs in the
together. Compare and swap information about the reading texts.
people.
She needed a nanny to look after us.
2 Read the other two articles quickly. Are the following I told my parents that I was going to give it up.
statements true (/) or false (/)? I wanted to be a nanny when I grew up.

a Only Giles and Hugo were influenced by the servants Grammar Reference: page 151.
in their families when they were children,
b Amanda wanted to be a nanny because she liked the Use your dictionary to do these exercises.
uniform,
c Giles wanted to be a cook because the meals were so 1 Meaning
bad at boarding school, In the following groups of sentences one meaning of the
d Hugo did well in his holiday job because he had learnt multi-word verb is literal and two are idiomatic. Say
a lot about plants from the gardener, which is which.
e All of the parents were very angry when they were
told about the choice of career, 1 a The plane to Hong Kong has just taken off.
f Hugo's parents were the least angry, b Take that vase off the table. It's going to fall.
g All of the parents have become friends with their c He's very famous now. His popularity really took
children again, o//'when he made that film.
h Giles' grandfather has not forgiven him for becoming 2 a I'll bring you up some water when I come to bed.
a cook. b Have you brought up the question of borrowing the
i Some of the children have regretted their decision not money?
to go to university, c They brought up six children with very little money.
j Hugo has already become a millionaire.
3 a Her health has really picked up since she moved to
3 Show each other which multi-word verbs appear in a sunny climate,
your article. Discuss their meaning. b Can you pick up my pen for me? It's under your
Which ones appear in more than one article? chair,
c I picked up a little Italian when / ^
' Cometichiami
Roleplay
Work in groups of three.

Students A and B
You are the parents of C. One of you is a doctor and the
other a lawyer, and you would like C to follow one of
these professions, but C has other ideas. Explain to C
why yours are such good careers.

Student C
A and B are your parents. They want you to become a
lawyer or a doctor, but you have different ideas! You 4 a It took me a long time to get over the operation,
want to be one of the following (or choose one of your b Mario doesn't speak much English so it was
own): difficult to get over to him what I wanted,
c Can you help me get over this wall? The gate is
a dancer a musician a poet an explorer closed.
a model a jockey an astronaut
5 a I looked up Bob's number in the phone book.
b The new manager is very good. Sales have really
Talk together, and try to persuade each other to see your looked up since he came,
point of view. c We looked up the tree and there was the cat on the
top branch.

72 Unit 7 The world of work

2 Verbs with two particles
Complete the pairs of sentences with one of the following multi-word verbs.
put up with go out with get on with run out of look forward to
a I don't my sister's husband very well,
Our teacher told us to our work quietly.
b Has the photocopier paper again?
The children always school immediately the bell goes.
c Why don't you ever Christmas?
We always going on holiday.
d I must the dog. She hasn't been for a walk yet.
Tom and Flora used to each other when they were teenagers.
e How do you manage to the noise from your neighbours?
Some parents a lot of bad behaviour from their kids.
In which pairs of sentences is the meaning the same? In which is the meaning different?

3 Separable or inseparable?
Check whether the multi-word verb in the following a I've just looked up the word in my dictionary,
sentences is separable or not. b He's looking after my cats while I'm away.
Replace the word in italics with the pronoun. c She has brought up those children really well.
d We picked up Spanish very quickly,
Example e I don't think they'll ever get over the shock of her death.
He turned on the light. He turned, it on.
f He's taken up golf because he has a lot of free time
She takes after her father. She takes after him. since he retired.

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Pre-listening task Listening Comprehension check

Work in groups and discuss the Look at the photograph of Thomas 1 Underline the correct question form
following questions. Wilson and his granddaughter, and then answer it.
- Is anyone in your family retired? Philippa. Thomas used to be the a How long was he/has he been
Who? managing director of a large textile retired?
- What job did they do before retiring? company. He has now retired. b How long did he worklhas he
- How old were they when they worked for the textile company?
retired? T.51 Listen to him talking to c How long was he/has he been
- How long have they been retired? Philippa. Who do you think is married?
- What do they do now? happier, Thomas or Philippa? Why? d Who did he go I has he gone to Wales
with?
2 Why does he like playing golf?
3 Which countries has he visited since
he retired? Where did he go two
years ago?
4 Why is he brown?
5 Who are the following: Rover,
Keith, Miriam, Kylie, and Helen?
6 What are the two sad events in
Thomas' life?
7 What does Philippa complain about?
8 What does Thomas mean when he
says, 'You only get one go at it!'?

The world of work Unit 7 73

Discussion
- What is the usual retirement age for men and women in your country?
- What kind of thing do people like doing when they retire?
- Are attitudes to retirement changing?
- What do you think is the best age to retire?
- When would you like to retire?
- What would you like to do when you retire?

WRITING

Formal letters
1 Read Nancy's letter of application 17 Hillside Rd
to Worldwatch. Put one word into Chesswood
each gap. Herts. WD3 5LB
Tel 01923 284171
Compare your answers with a
partner. Fax 01923 286622
2 Look at Nancy's letter again. Thursday 17 January
David Benton
- In what other ways can you begin
and end formal letters?
Worldwatch UK Ltd
- In what ways can you begin and 357 Ferry Rd
end informal letters? Basingstoke RG2 5HP
- Where is Nancy's address written?
- Where is the address of the
company she's writing to? Dear Mr Benton
- In what other way can you write I saw your for a Business Journalist in today's
the date? Guardian newspaper. I am very in the job and I
- Where does Nancy sign her name? think that I have many of the necessary ________.
Where does she print her name?
There are three paragraphs. What I politics and modern languages at Oxford
is the aim of each one? University. I am in French, German and
Spanish. I have widely in Europe and South
3 Write a letter of application for the America, and I . worked as a business journalist
following job in the Daily News. for the BBC the last five years.

I enclose a copy of my curriculum vitae. I look forward

TRANS-GLOBE hearing from you soon. Please let me know if
you need more information.
COACHES
want
Yours sincerely
TRAVEL COURIERS
In • Europe • the Far East
• North and South America Nancy Mann
Have you got good interpersonal skills?
Can you speak two or more languages?
Do you want to see the world?
Please apply with CV to
The Personnel Manager
Trans-Globe Coaches
Victoria Square
London SW1 6VC

74 Unit 7 The world of work

 3 Notice these common expressions on the telephone.
a A Hello!
B Hello. Could 1 speak to Barry Perkins, please?
On the telephone A Speaking. (= I am Barry Perkins.)
B Ah, hello. This is Jane Gardener. (NOT I'm ...
1 All the phrases below are from typical telephone calls.
or * Here is ...)
Match a line in A with a line in B.
b A Can I have extension 366, please?
B Hold the line, please. I'm putting you through.
a Hello, this is Chesswood 285120. I'm afraid I'm not at c A Can I speak to Mrs Barrett, please?
home at the moment, but please leave your name and B I'm afraid she's out at the moment. Can I take a
number after the tone and I'll get back to you as soon message?
as I can. A Yes. Can you ask her to give me a ring? I'll give
b I'm afraid Mr Barrett's in a meeting. Can 1 take a you my number.
message?
c Shall I ask Miss Jackson to give you a call when she d A Can I speak to Mr Bray, please?
gets back? B I'm afraid his line is busy at the moment. Would
d Good morning. Payne and Stracey Advertising, you like to hold?
e Hello, Mrs Barrett... I'm afraid Mr Barrett's on A No. I'll phone back later.
another line at the moment. Do you want to hold or ...?
Oh, he's free now. I'm putting you through. Leaving a message on an answer phone
f Hello. Is that Sandra? 1 It can be difficult to leave a message on an answer
phone! You have to think quickly and speak clearly,
B and you have to pretend that you're talking to a
• Good morning. Can I have extension 321, please? person, but of course you're talking to a machine!
• No, I'm sorry, it isn't. She's just gone out. Can I take
a message? She'll be back in a minute.
\Z\ Hi, Annie. This is er ... Pete here. Pete Nealy. Er ... I
need to speak to you about next weekend. Can you
give me a ring? Erm ... I'm at home, by the way. It's
HOW
ten o'clock now and I'll be here all morning, er ... leave a
until two o'clock. Yes, thanks. Bye.
O Thank you very much. Frank? It's me, Diana. message on
O Yes, please. This is Pam Haddon. He rang me earlier
and left a message on my answer phone and I'm an answer phone!
returning his call. Can you tell him I'm back in my
office now? i n t r o d u c e y o u r s e l f • •• • • Hello. This is ...
My name is ...
O Yes, please. I'm sure she's got my number but I'll give
it to you again, just in case. It's 01924 561718. give the day and time • *• It's three o'clock on
Monday afternoon.
2 T.52 Listen and check your answers. reason for phoning • • • •• I'm ringing ...
Which sound more like business calls? to let you know that ...
to find out if ...
because I need ...
r e q u e s t a c t i o n * • • • • • > • • Could you ring me back?
help me?
g i v e y o u r n u m b e r • • • • > • M y number i s ...
You can get me on ...
I'm on 784 567 until
five o'clock.
end • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Thanks a lot. Goodbye.

2 Work in pairs.
Your teacher will give you role cards. Act out a
telephone conversation!

The world of work Unit 7 75

 Imagine!
Conditionals
Time clauses
would
Making suggestions

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

First conditional and time clauses

1 Look at the pictures. Put the words under each picture
in the right order to complete the sentences.

a I usually get the bus to school, but ...

get I }f up late lift me Dad gives a my

if
1 T.53a Jim is going to fly to Istanbul, and then he's
going to backpack around the world with his friend,
b I've got my driving test next week, and ... Anthony. His mother is very worried! Listen to their
conversation. Put the words from the box in the gaps.

will you do won't get 'II be 'II get

ask won't do get 'II be

Mum Oh, dear! I hope everything will be all right.

pass I test the If buy I' You've never been abroad before.
Jim Don't worry. Mum. I OK. I can
look after myself. Anyway, I
c I don't have any money at all with Anthony. We anything
but ... stupid.
million won I a yi Mum But what if you run out of
round I'd the pounds money?
travel world
Jim We a job of course!
Mum Oh. What about if you get lost?
Jim Mum! If we lost, we
someone the way, but we . lost
because we know where we're going!
2 Which situation ... is always true?
... expresses a future possibility? Mum Oh. All right. But what if ...?
... is possible but improbable? Practise the dialogue in pairs.

76 Unit 8 Imagine!
2 Make similar dialogues about other things that Jim's PRACTICE
mother is worried about. Use you and /.
(Oh dear! What will 1 Completing a conversation
you do if you get Don't worry, Mum. 1 Joe (J) is saying goodbye to his wife, Sue (S), who is
Vfood poisoning? I'll ... going for a job interview. Put if, when, or as soon as
- get food poisoning don't like the food into each box. Put the verb into the correct tense.
- lose your passport don't understand the language Goodbye, darling! Good luck with the interview!
- meet a girl who don't get on with Anthony
you fall in love with Thanks. I'll need it. I hope the trains are running on
- get sunburnt time. the trains _ _ (be) delayed, T
(get) a taxi. I (be) late
- are homesick
- are mugged for the interview, I (be) furious with myself!
Just keep calm! Phone me when you can.
I will. I (come) out of the
interview, I (give) you a ring.
When you (know)
you've got the job?
They (send) me a letter in the next few
days. they (offer) me the job, 1
(accept) it, and I accept it, we
(have to) move house. You know that.

A k
3 T.53b Listen to the next part of their conversation.
don't you?
Sure. But we'll worry about that later.
OK. What are you doing today?
Put the verb into the correct tense. 1 can't remember. I (get) to the
Mum But how will I know that you're all right? office, I (look) in my diary. I don't think
Jim When we (get) to a big city, I I'm doing much today.
(send) you a postcard. Don't forget to pick up the children you
Mum Oh. But Jim, it's such a long flight to Istanbul! (get) back from work.
Jim Mum! As soon as we (arrive) in
Turkey, I (give) you a ring! I won't. You'd better go now. you
Mum I (be) so worried until I (not hurry), you (miss) the train.
(hear) from you. OK. I (see) you this evening. Bye!
Jim It'll be OK, Mum. Honest!
Bye, my love. Take care, and good luck!

• Grammar questions T.54 Listen and check your answers.

- Which sentence expresses a future possibility, and 2 In pairs, ask and answer questions about Joe and Sue's
which a future certainty? conversation.
If we run out of money, we'll get a job.
When we get to a big city, I'll send you a postcard. Example
What/Sue/do/if/trains/delayed?
Tick (/) the one that is right. Cross out (X) the one What will Sue do if the trains are delayed?
that is wrong. She'll get a taxi.
If we get lost, ... a How/she/feel/if/late for the interview?
If we 'II get lost, ... b When/Sue/phone/Joe?
When we go ... c When/know/if/she's got the job?
When we'll go ... d What/she/do/if/they/offer her the job?
e What/they/have to do/if/she/accept/job?
As soon as we arrive, ... f What/Joe/do/when/get/office?
As soon as we'll arrive, ... g What/happen/if/Sue/not hurry?

Imagine! Unit 8 77
PRESENTATION (2)

Second conditional and would

1 Is there a national lottery in your country?
How much can you win?
In Britain you can win more than £10 million a week!
T.55 Look at the pictures and listen to some people
saying what they would do if they won £2 million.
Try to guess who says what and write a number in the
box. Write notes on what they would do with it.
Practise some of the sentences.

2 Complete these sentences from the interviews.

a 'I _ on a boat trip around the world/
'Oh, I .I so bored,
I fly. It so much
quicker!'
b 'I taking things easy for a bit, but
then I to just get on with my life, 'cos
I'm very happy, really, with what I've got.'
Practise some of the sentences with would.
Notice the contraction it'

• Grammar questions PRACTICE

- Read the example below. Do we use the past tense
forms had and would to refer to past time, or to show 1 Discussion
unreality? What would you do with two million pounds?
If I had £2 million, I would go round the world. Work in groups. Ask and answer questions.
- I'd rather (= I would rather) + infinitive means the a What ... buy?
same as I'd prefer to ... b How much ... give away? Who ... give it to?
I don't like studying. I'd rather be outside playing c ... go on holiday? Where ... to?
tennis. d What about your job? ... carry on working or give
- I wouldn't mind + noun or -ing means / would (quite) up your job?
like ... e ... go on a spending spree?
f How much ... invest?
I wouldn't mind a cup of tea. g ... be happier than you are now?
I wouldn't mind having a few weeks off work.

78 Unit 8 Imagine!
2 Various conditional forms
1 Match a line in A with a line in B and a line in C.

A B C
If Tony rings, don't wait for me. It would be really useful for work.
If you've finished your work, 1 might do an evening class. He can get hold of me there.
If I'm not back by 8.00, you have to have a visa. Keep warm and have plenty of fluids.
If you've got the 'flu. you must give me a ring. But you must be back here in fifteen minutes.
If you're ever in London, tell him I'm at Andy's. We could go out somewhere.
If you go to Australia, you can have a break. I'd love to be really good at photography.
I'd buy a word processor you should go to bed. You can get one from the Embassy.
If 1 had more time, if 1 could afford it. Go without me. I'll join you at the party.

T.56a Listen and check your answers. Practise some LANGUAGE REVIEW
of the sentences. Look at the lines in A and B. What
are the different possible verb forms? First conditional
First conditional sentences express real possibilities.
Notice that we do not usually use will in the if clause.
Notice that when we have a conditional sentence If I see a nice jumper in the shops, I'll buy it.
with two present tenses, it expresses a situation that What will you do if you don't have enough money?
is always true. If means when or whenever. This is
called the zero conditional.
Second conditional
If you boll water, it evaporates.
Second conditional sentences express unreal or
improbable situations. We use past tense forms to show
2 T.56b You will hear some questions. Say if they are 'unreality' and distance from the present.
examples of the first, second or zero conditional. In
pairs, practise the questions and answer them. What would you do if you saw a ghost?
If I were Prime Minister, I'd increase income tax.
Both first and second conditional sentences refer to the
3 Dialogues with will and would present and future. The difference is not about time but
Work in pairs. probability.
Look at the following situations. Decide if they are ...
If I win the tennis match, I'll... (1 think it's possible)
... possible;
If I won £5 million, I'd ... (but I don't think it'll happen)
... imaginary and probably won't happen.
Ask and answer questions about what you will do or
would do in each situation. Zero conditional
Example Zero conditional sentences refer to 'all time', not just the
There's a good film on TV tonight. (Possible) present or future. They express a situation that is always
What will you do if there's a good film on TV tonight? true, //'means when or whenever.
I'll watch it. If I read too much, I get a headache.
You find burglars in your flat. (Imaginary) If you drop an egg, it breaks.
What would you do if you found burglars in your flat?
I'd phone the police.
Time clauses
a You can't do this exercise.
We do not usually use will in time clauses.
b The weather's good this weekend.
c A good friend invites you out tonight. I'll give you a ring before I go.
d You are the president of your country. as soon as I get back.
e You don't have any homework tonight. when I know the time of the train.
f Your teacher gives you extra homework tonight.
g You can speak perfect English. Grammar Reference: page 152.

Imagine! Units 79
 READING AND A SONG
Pre-reading task
1 Look at the title of the magazine article. It is based on
a well-known song from a 1950s1 American musical.

T.57 Listen to one or two verses of the song. What

don't the singers of the song want to do? What do they
want to do? The tapescript is on page 135.
We do!
2 The article is about people who win huge amounts of
money in a lottery or on the football pools, and how
this affects their lives. Which of the following do you
think are good suggestions ( / ) or bad suggestions (X) The National Lottery creates
for such people? a millionaire every week in Britain.
Maybe this turns you green with envy, but
If you win a lot of money, ...
what is it actually like to wake up one day with
... you should give up work.
more money than you can imagine?
... you should buy a new house.
. . . you mustn't let it change you. Nearly all of us have fantasized about winning the big prize
... it's a good idea to keep it a secret. in The National Lottery. We dream about what we would
... you should give money to everyone who asks do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about
for it. • (1)________________
... you should go on a spending spree. For most of us, our way of life is closely linked
to our economic circumstances. The different
What suggestions would you give to someone who has
parts of our lives fit together like a jigsaw: work,
won a lot of money?
home, friends, hobbies, and the local pub make
our world. This is where we belong and where
3 The words in A are in the article. Match a word in A
15(2) A sudden huge windfall would
with a definition in B.
dramatically change it all and smash the jigsaw.
A B For example, most people like the idea of not having to
envy a sum of money you receive work, but winners have found that without
unexpectedly work there is no purpose to their day,
to fantasize •an aim, a reason for doing something 20 and no reason to get up in the morning. (3)
a jigsaw -a feeling of discontent because in a wealthy neighbourhood but,
someone has something that you in so doing, you leave old friends and routines behind.
want
a windfall to spend money foolishly on small, Winners are usually advised not to publicize their address
useless things and phone number, but charity requests and begging letters
a purpose 'to imagine, to dream 25 still arrive. If they are not careful, (4) on
to fritter away • a picture cut into pieces that you lawyers' fees to protect them from demanding relatives,
money have to put together again guards to protect their homes and swimming pools, and
psychotherapists to protect their sanity!

Reading People who get it wrong

Read the article. The following sentences have been taken 30 There are many stories about people who can't learn how to
out of the text. Where do you think they should go? be rich. In 1989, Val Johnson won £850,000 on the pools.
a They were furious! Immediately, she went on a spending spree that lasted for
four years and five marriages. She is now penniless and
b we feel at home
alone. 'I'm not a happy person,' she says.
c It is tempting to move to a bigger house
'Winning money was the most awful thing that
d 'nothing but misery'
happened to me.'
e what the money would do to us!
f it seems fantastic! Then there is the story of Alice Hopper, who says
g most of their money will be frittered away that her £950,000 win four years ago brought her
oh if you lent him some money, (5) She walked out of the factory where
40 she worked, and left a goodbye note for her husband on the
80 Unit 8 Imagine!
 TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?
kitchen table. She bought herself a villa in Spain, and two 4 Paul Maddison and Mark
bars (one a birthday present for her eighteen-year-old son). Gardiner celebrate with
their wives
After three months, her son was killed while driving home
• David Caldwell splashes
from the bar on the motorbike which his mother had also out with Joanna Lumley
45 bought for him. She found the bars more and more difficult to
run. She now sings in a local Karaoke bar to earn money for
groceries. 'I wish I was still working in the factory,' she says.

'It won't change us!'

That's what all winners say when they talk to reporters and
A final thought
&o television cameras as they accept the cheque and the kisses 90 When you next buy your lottery
from a famous film star. And some winners, like Malcolm ticket, or do the football pools, just
Price, really mean it. He refused to change his stop for a minute and ask yourself
way of life when he won £2.5 million. The why you're doing it. Do you actually want to win? Or are
next Saturday night, he went to his local pub as you doing it for the excitement of thinking about winning?
usual, and as usual he didn't buy his friends a drink.
(6) . He, too, is a lonely man now.
Imagine you are an average family and you have just won Comprehension check
£1 million. At first (7) __ Just by picking up
the phone you can get the toilet seat fixed, and the leak in 1 Look back at the suggestions in the Pre-reading task.
eo the roof repaired — all the problems that have been making Have you changed your mind about any of them?
your life miserable. 'But, it won't change us, darling,' you
say to your wife. 'Yes, it will!' she insists. 'I want it to 2 Answer the questions.
change us. It will make life better! It'll be brilliant!' a Does the magazine article talk more about the positive
side of winning a lot of money, or the negative side?
Already the children are changing. Just this morning they b How can a large amount of money affect ...
65 were ordinary, contented kids. Now they are demanding
... our work? ... our home? ... our friends?
computer games, CD players, motorbikes ... 'Hold on!' you
c How does the article say money can be 'frittered away'?
shout. 'Let me answer the door.*
d The following groups are mentioned in the article:
It is your neighbour, with a bunch of flowers and a loving charities, relatives, lawyers, security guards,
smile on her face. 'Congratulations!' she shouts. 'I was psychotherapists.
70 wondering if you could lend me ...' You shut the door. Which of them is speaking in the following lines?
In the first week you receive two thousand letters advising 'Tell me about your relationship with your father.'
you how to spend your money, either by investing it or 'Twenty pounds will feed a family for a month.
giving it to good causes. Your son comes home Please give generously.'
with a music system that is bigger than the 'Now, John, you know you've always been my
75 living-room, your sixteen-year-old daughter favourite nephew.'
books a holiday to Barbados with her boyfriend, 'Sorry, sir. You can't go any further without
and your wife buys a Rolls-Royce. permission.'
'But darling,' you say, 'we haven't received one penny of 'I strongly advise you to take them to court'
this money yet! What about the broken toilet seat? What
so about the leaking roof? What about me?' e Give three facts each about the lives cf Val Johnson,
'I haven't forgotten you,' says your wife. 'I've bought you Alice Hopper, and Malcolm Price.
a racehorse!' Why are they all mentioned?
f In the imaginary family that has won £1 million, who
The next day you get a begging letter from a man who won
says, 'It won't change us'? Who says, 'I want it to
the lottery a year ago. He tells you how he spent £2,000,000
change us'?
as in three weeks. He says (8) __ , he could start
g What do the children want to have? What does the
his life all over again. You begin to think that winning a
fortune brings more problems than it solves! You realize neighbour want?
that you are quite fond of the broken toilet seat and the h Who in the family doesn't buy anything? What do the
leaking roof after all. others buy?

Imagine! Unit 8 81
What do you think? VOCABULARY
1 In what way is our life like a jigsaw?
2 How does winning a large amount of money smash the jigsaw? Base and strong adjectives
3 Why do we need work in our lives?
4 In the story of the family that has won £1 million, what is the 1 Some adjectives have the idea of very.
joke about the toilet seat? Look at these examples from the article on
5 What does he mean when he says, 'It won't change us'? What does pages 80-81.
his wife want to change? a huge windfall huge means very big
6 What for you are the answers to the questions in the last it seems fantastic fantastic means very good
paragraph of 'Who wants to be a millionaire?'? It'll be brilliant! brilliant means very good

2 Put a base adjective from the box next to a

Vocabulary strong adjective. ^
Find a word or words in the text that mean the same as the
following definitions. They are in the same order as they appear in good bad cold frightened
the text. funny tasty angry tired
pretty/attractive interesting hot
a not often g a time when you go to the shops surprised clever dirty
b very big and spend a lot of money
c break violently h having not a penny Base Strong
d area around your house i basic things to eat like bread, adjective adjective
e asking (for something) sugar, vegetables enormous, huge
very strongly j a hole through which boiling
f keep (something) safe, water gets in
exhausted
defend
freezing
delicious
fascinating
SPEAKING horrid, horrible, awful,
terrible, disgusting
A maze perfect, marvellous, superb,
Work in groups and read the role card below. wonderful, fantastic, brilliant
filthy
Congratulations! Or is it? You have won five million pounds. What astonished, amazed
are you going to do with it? Talk together until you all agree on furious
what to do next. Your teacher will then give you a card with more hilarious
information, and another decision to make. terrified
Carry on talking until you come to the end. The aim is to spend beautiful
your money wisely without going mad! brilliant

We can make adjectives more extreme by

using adverbs such as very and absolutely.
Their house is very big.
But their garden is absolutely enormous.
Careful! We cannot say ^absolutely big
because absolutely only goes with strong
adjectives, and we cannot say *very
-enormous-because enormous already
means very big.
The following adverbs can be used:
very tired absolutely exhausted
quite good absolutely freezing
really cold really wonderful

82 Unit 8 Imagine!
3 T.58 Listen to the dialogues. Complete them, using an adverb and an 4 Make up similar dialogues. Talk
adjective. about: a person, a meal, the
weather, a book, an exam, the
Example
news.
What did you do last night? We went to the cinema.

What did you see? Murder in the Park.

Was it good? ^ thought it was absolutely brilliant,'

but Pete was really terrified. There
was so much blood!

LISTENING
Pre-listening task
1 Have you ever given money to charity, or worked for a
charity?

2 Look at the list of charities and charitable causes below.

Which do you think are the most and least deserving?
- a charity that helps old people with food and housing
- a hospice for people who are dying of an incurable
disease
- an organization that encourages people to sponsor a
child in the Third World
- a charity that helps homeless people in cities
- cancer research
- a charity that helps people with HIV or AIDS
- a group that believes we should not exploit animals in
any way at all

Listening
T.59 Listen to three charity appeals and fill in the chart.
Who or what the How the charity helps I Some of their successes
charity tries to help I and/or problems

AMNESTY
fcTFRNTONU.
Amnesty
International

Royal Society
RSPCA for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals

Drought and
Famine in Africa

What do you think?

Imagine that you have £5,000 that you want to give to charity.
Who would you give the money to? How would you divide it?
Think about what you would do, and then discuss your ideas with a partner.

Imagine! Unit 8 83
 WRITING
Words that join ideas
1 Some words and expressions are used to make a 2 Some words are used to join ideas and sentences.
comment on what is being expressed.
Example
Examples George was rich. He wasn't a happy man.
Ah, now, Peter! Come over here!' George was rich, but he wasn't a happy man.
'My name's Jack, actually.' (Actually = I'm going to Although George was rich, he wasn't a happy man.
give you some extra information that you didn't know, George was rich. However, he wasn't a happy man.
or that you got wrong.)
3 In the letter, choose the words that fit best. Nearly all
What an awful journey you had! You must be
the words have appeared in this unit. The letter is
exhausted! Anyway, you're here now so let's not worry
written by Jacky, who is married to Joe and has two
any more. (Anyway = let's change the subject and talk
children, Samantha and Polly.
about something else.)

16 Cassandra Gardens, London N16

22 Quly

84 Unit 8 Imagine!
 4 Change the sentence using the prompts.
Example
Let's go to the cinema,
Making suggestions
a Why don't we ...?
1 Maggie's bored and Paul's broke. Look at the
Why don't we go to the cinema? )
suggestions made by their friends. Are they talking to
Maggie or Paul? Which suggestions include the b eat out tonight?
speaker?
Why don't we eat out tonight? )
Let's go to Why don't we
c I think we should
the cinema! go for a walk?
1 think we should eat out tonight.)
If I were you, I'd get don't think you should
Let's go to the cinema. Why don't you phone Pat
a better-paid job. go out so much.
a Why don't we ...? a You'd better
t> eat out tonight? b the police
Why don't you Shall we have a
c I think we should c tell the truth
ask your parents? game of cards?
d invite Pete to dinner d If I were you, I'd
tomorrow e look for a different job
You ought to save some e redecorate the house f You should
money every month! f If I were you, I'd g She
g You ought to h ought to
You'd better get a ti buy some new clothes i have a break
loan from the bank! i go shopping j Let's
i Shall we...?

5 Work in pairs. Make dialogues for the situations,

using ways of making suggestions.
Example
You have got a terrible cold.
A My head's killing me! And my nose is so sore!
B / think you should go to bed with a hot drink.
A That's a good idea. I'll go right now.
B I'll make you a hot lemon drink.
A Oh, that would be lovely'.
a You've just got a job in Moscow, so you need to learn
the Russian language, and find out about Russian
people and culture as quickly as possible.
b You both have the evening free, and there's nothing
on TV.
c Your flat's a mess, it hasn't been decorated for ages,
and the furniture is ancient. Suddenly you inherit
some money!
d You can't decide whether to go to university (but you
2 T.60 Listen to Maggie and Paul and their friends. don't know what to study) or have a year off and go
How can we make suggestions in English? round the world.
e It's Christmas time! What can you buy for the teacher
3 Listen again and read the tapescript on page 136. and the different members of the class?
Notice how we accept and reject suggestions.
f You've been invited to the Queen's garden party at
Work in pairs. Practise the dialogues. Take it in turns Buckingham Palace in June. What are you going to
to cover the page. wear? The weather in June is very unpredictable.

Imagine! Unit 8 85
 Relationships
Modal verbs (2) probability
So do I! Neither do I!

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 Read the pairs of sentences.

Modal verbs of probability in the present
Which sentence in each pair
expresses a fact? Put a /. Which
1 Do you ever read the Problem Page in magazines or newspapers? What
sentence expresses a possibility?
kinds of problems do people often write about?
Put a ?.
2 Here are the replies to letters from two people who wrote to Susie's Problem
Example Page in Metropolitan Magazine. Read them and discuss with a partner what
I'm in love! you think the problem is. Use your dictionary to check any new words.
I must be in love! ?

a She's having a shower.

She could be having a shower.
b That pen's mine.
That pen might be mine.

c He doesn't own a Rolls Royce.

Susie's
He can't own a Rolls Royce.

d You must have met my brother.

You've met my brother.
Problem page
e They haven't met the Queen. Lucy has a problem:
They can't have met the Queen. "I live in Scotland and he lives
f Shakespeare might have lived in California! ..."
there.
Shakespeare lived there.

2 Which of the sentences in Everyone has daydreams and there is nothing wrong with this.
Exercise 1 are about the present? There is only a problem when you forget where dreams end and
Which are about the past? the real world begins. Don't write any more letters to him. It's a
waste of time and money, and you know really that a
relationship with him is impossible. For one thing he lives in
California and you live in Scotland. Try to get out more and find
some friends in the real world; sitting at home crying over his
records won't help you. You need to find other interests and
other people of your own age to talk to. Your parents clearly
don't have enough time to listen. Study hard and good luck
next June!

86 Unit 9 Relationships
 3 Look at the texts. Say who she, he, or they refer to in Grammar questions
the following sentences.
Which statement is the most sure? Which are less
a She must be exhausted. sure?
b She must be in love with a pop star. She must be in love.
c She could be a doctor or a nurse. She could be in love.
She might be in love.
d She can't have many friends.
e He might be an alcoholic. The above sentences all express / think it's
f He must be unemployed. probable I possible that she is in love.
How do you express I don't think it's probable I possible
g They can't have a very good relationship with their that she is in love?
daughter.
h They might not have any children.
i She can't get on very well with her daughter-in-law. PRACTICE
j She must be studying for exams next June.
k They might live near a busy road. 1 Controlled speaking
1 He must snore. Work in pairs.

4 Give reasons for each statement. Student A Talk to Student B about Lucy.
Student B Talk to Student A about Pam.
Example
Pam must be exhausted ... because she works hard, she Put one suitable verb form into each gap.
does everything in the house and she can't sleep.
Student A
Lucy in Scotland so she must
Scottish. She a lot of letters to a pop star in
California, so she must a lot of money on
stamps. She in her room and to
Pam has a problem: his music all of the time so she can't many
"He spends all his time at his mother's!..." friends or hobbies. She should out more
and ____ some friends and then she might
the pop star. She could to talk to
If all you say is true, it is remarkable that her parents again, but they might not
you are still together. But you are not because they . very busy.
helping your relationship by saying nothing
and doing everything. He doesn't seem to
notice how you feel. I know he's worried Student B
about his mother but he seems to spend
more time at her house than his own. You Pam must very tired at the end of the day
have a tiring and stressful job, caring for because she a stressful job. She must
sick people all day, and it is unfair that he sorry for her husband because he
is always at his mother's and leaves you to unemployed but she must also . very angry
do all the housework. The empty whisky with him because he never any housework.
bottles under the bed are also worrying. She could her mother-in-law to help but
Perhaps he will feel better about himself she can't a very good relationship with her
when he finds work. In the meantime, you
because her husband . too much time at her
must try to talk openly to each other about
your feelings, otherwise anger and house. Things might better if he could
resentment will grow. Also, buy some a job and if they could to each
earplugs—you need a good night's sleep! other.

Relationships Unit 9 87
2 Grammar and pronunciation Look at the photos. They are all of Verity and her family. Which
is Verity? Who do you think the others are? Your teacher will tell
Respond to the statements or questions using
you which group is closest.
the word or words in brackets.
Example
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.
(must, very)
You must be very hungry!
a Mr and Mrs Brown never go on holiday.
(can't, much money)
b The phone's ringing! (might, Jane)
c Paul's taking his umbrella, (must, rain)
d There are three fire engines!
(must, fire somewhere)
e I don't know where Hannah is.
(could, her bedroom)
f My aunt isn't in the kitchen.
(can't, cook dinner)
g Whose coat is this? (might, John's)
h We've won the lottery! (must, joke!)

T.61 Listen and check your answers.

Practise the stress and intonation in pairs.

3 What are they talking about?

Work in small groups.
1 T.62 Listen to five short conversations
and guess the answer to the questions.
Example
A It's Father's Day next Sunday.
B T know. Shall we buy Dad a present or PRESENTATION (2)
just send him a card?
Who do you think they are? Modal verbs of probability in the past
They must be related. They can't be just
friends. They could be husband and wife but
they've probably brother and sister.
a Where do you think the people are? At
home? In a restaurant? In a pub? In a
hotel?
b What do you think his job is? A sales
manager? A bus driver? An actor?
A taxi driver?
c What do you think she's talking about?
Visiting her parents? A first day in a new
job? Meeting her boyfriend's parents?
Her wedding day?
d Who or what do you think they are
talking about? A dog? The au pair?
A horse? A baby?
e What do you think they are doing? 1 T.63a Poor Carl has had an accident. He is speaking to his
Swimming? Fishing? Rowing? Water- friend, Andy, on the phone. In pairs, read and listen to Andy's side
skiing? of the conversation. What do you think they are talking about?
Use a dictionary to check any new words.

88 Unit 9 Relationships
 b What happened to Carl?
- He must have broken his leg.
- He could have broken his arm.
- He must have come home early.
c How many people went on holiday?
- There must have been at least five.
- There might have been more than five.
- There must have been three.
d Where did they stay?
- They could have stayed on a campsite.
- They must have stayed in a hotel.
- They might have stayed with friends.
• Hi! Carl? It's Andy. Yeah. How are you? Feeling better? e What did they do on holiday?
• Really? Still using a crutch, eh? So you're not back at - They must have taken a lot of photos.
work yet? - They could have been sunbathing.
• Two more weeks! That's when the plaster comes off,
- They can't have been skiing.
is it? f What did Bob write?
• No, I'm fine. The suntan's fading, though. Josie's is, - He might have written a letter to his wife.
too. She sends love, by the way. - He could have written a letter of
complaint to the hotel.
• Yes, yes, I have. I got them back today. They're good.
- He could have written a letter to the
I didn't realize we'd taken so many. tour operator.
• Yes, the sunset. It's a good one. All of us together on
Bob and Marcia's balcony, with the mountains and g How did they travel?
the snow in the background. It's beautiful. Brings back - They must have flown.
memories, doesn't it? - They must have gone by train.
- They might have hired a car.
• Yes, I know. I'm sorry. At least it was towards the end;
it could have been the first day. You only came home h What arrived on the next flight?
two days early. - It could have been Marcia's skis.
• Yes, we have. Yesterday, in fact. Bob wrote it and we - It must have been Marcia's suitcase.
all signed it. I don't know if it'll do any good, but it's - It might have been Marcia's coat.
worth a try.
3 Use some of the ideas in sentences a-h to say what
• Yeah. They found it. It arrived on the next flight.
you think happened to Andy and Carl.
Marcia was delighted.
• Sure. Some ups and downs, but generally I think we Example
all got on well and had a great time. Shall we go Andy and Carl must befriends and they must have been
again next year? on holiday together. They might...
• Good! Great! It's a date. Next time look out for the 4 T.63b Listen to the full conversation between Andy
trees! I'll ring again soon, Carl. Take care! and Carl. Which of your ideas were correct?
2 Tick (/) the two sentences which you think are
possible. Cross (/) the one you think is not possible. • Grammar questions
Example - What is the past of the following sentences?
What is the relationship between Andy and Carl? must
- They must be friends. can't be on holiday.
He
- They could be father and son. could
- They can't be business colleagues. might
a Where have they been? What is the past of these sentences?
- They must have been on holiday. / must buy some sunglasses.
- They can't have been somewhere sunny. I have to go home early.
- They might have been to Switzerland. I can see the sea from my room.

Relationships Unit 9 89
PRACTICE 2 Work in pairs. Look at the list of modal auxiliary
verbs. How many can you fit naturally into each gap?
1 Pronunciation and speaking Discuss with your partner the differences in meaning.
can can't could must might shall should
1 Work in pairs. Respond to the following situations
using the word or words in brackets and the perfect
infinitive (have + past participle). Take it in turns to a He have been born during World
read aloud and respond. War II.
Example b you help me with the washing up,
Student A I can't find my ticket, (must, drop) please?
Student B You must have dropped it. c You see the doctor immediately.
a John didn't come to school yesterday, (must, ill) d It be raining.
b Look at my new gold watch! (can't, buy yourself) e we go out for a meal tonight?
c Why is Isabel late for class? (might, oversleep)
d I can't find my homework, (must, forget) f I stop smoking.
e The teacher's checking Maria's work, (can't, finish g It have been Bill that you met at the
already) party.
f Did you know that Charles got top marks in the h I learn to speak English.
exam? (must, cheat)
g Where's my umbrella? (could, leave it on the train)

2 T.64 Listen and check your answers. Do the

LANGUAGE REVIEW
exercise again paying particular attention to stress and
intonation. must, could, might, can't
1 Must, could, might, and can't are used to express
2 Discussing grammar degrees of probability about the present.

1 Fill in the gap in the second sentence with the modal He must be in love.
verb in the past. Discuss your answers with a partner. = very probable that he is in love 95% sure
(This exercise includes modal verbs of obligation and He could be in love.
ability.) He might be in love. 45% sure
a The pond is frozen. It must be very cold outside, = possible, but less probable
(present probability) He can't he in love.
You . very cold when you were out skiing. - very probable that he is not in love i 95% sure
(past probability)
2 They are used to express degrees of probability about
b You must do your homework tonight, (present the past (using the perfect infinitive).
obligation)
When I was at school we _____ homework every He must have been in love.
night, (past obligation) = very probable that he was in love
c He can't be a member of the football team. He's . He could have been in love.
hopeless at all sports! (present probability) He might have been in love.
He . a member of his school football learn. He = possible, but less probable
was hopeless at all sports, (past probability) He can't have been in love.
d Jane can swim really well, (present ability) — very probable that he was not in love
She really well when she was just eighteen
months old. (past ability) 3 They can also be used with the continuous infinitive.
You must be joking!
She could be having a shower.
It maylmight have been mining.
4 May can be used instead of might and could.
Grammar Reference: page 153.

90 Unit 9 Relationships
 VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING

Character adjectives

What sort of person are

1 Are you usually smiling and happy?
2 Do you enjoy the company of other people? • 10 Do you get annoyed if you
3 Do you find it difficult to meet new people? have to wait for anyone or anything? •
4 Is it important to you to succeed in your career? 11 Do you put off until tomorrow what
5 Does your mood change often and suddenly for you could do today? •
no reason? • 12 Do you work hard? •
6 Do you notice other people's feelings? 13 Do you keep your feelings and ideas to yourself? •
7 Do you think the future will be good? 14 Do you often give presents? •
8 Can your friends depend on you? 15 Do you talk a lot? •
9 Is your room often in a mess? • 16 Are you usually calm and not worried by things? •

Work in pairs. LISTENING AND SPEAKING

1 Do the personality quiz above to discover what type of
person you are. Use a dictionary to check any new Brothers and sisters
words. Write Y for Yes, N for No, and S for Sometimes.
Pre-listening task
2 Ask your partner to do the quiz about you. Do a class survey.
Look at your ideas and your partner's ideas about
you. Are they the same? Find out who has any brothers and/or sisters. How many?
Who has the most? Do they like having lots of brothers
3 Match these adjectives with the questions in the quiz. and sisters? Does anyone have a twin?
How many only children are there in the class? Do they
a untidy 9 lazy like being an only child?
b optimistic i generous
c sociable moody
talkative
Listening and note-taking
hard-working
reserved easy-going T.65 Listen to two people talking about their
shy reliable families. First listen to Jillie, and answer the questions.
impatient cheerful - How many brothers and sisters does she have?
ambitious sensitive - Was she happy as a child? Why? Why not?
Which are positive qualities and which are negative1} - Is she happy now? Why? Why not?
Which could be both? - How has the family changed over the years?
- What do you learn about other members of her family
4 What is the opposite of each of the sixteen adjectives and friends?
in Exercise 3? Now listen to Philippa and answer the same questions.
Remember that the prefixes in- and un- can sometimes
be used to make negatives. Which of the adjectives Discussion
above can use these?
- How many children do you have/would you like to have?
5 Describe someone in the class to your partner but - What size is the perfect family?
don't say who it is. Can your partner guess who it is? - Would you like to have twins?

Relationships Unit 9 91
 READING AND SPEAKING 1 Giono wrote the story in 1953. In which year does the
actual story begin?
Pre-reading task 2 The story takes place in France. Which part of France
do you think it is? Why? What is the countryside like?
Read the following quotation, 3 Why do you think the writer is interested in the
'Only when the last tree has died and the last river has shepherd? What do you think he likes about his
been poisoned and the last fish has been caught will we lifestyle?
realize that we can't eat money.'
The shepherd puts a large sack of acorns onto the table. He
Work in small groups. Who do you think said it? inspects each acorn and carefully chooses one hundred
a A political leader. d An African fisherman, perfect ones before going to bed. The writer is curious. The
b A member of Greenpeace. e A Greek philosopher, next day when he goes out with the shepherd into the hills,
c An American Indian. f A French farmer. he discovers what the acorns are for.
When do you think it was said? T.66b Extract 2
a In the 5th century BC.
b In the 19th century. I noticed that he carried for a stick an iron rod as
c In the 20th century. thick as my thumb and about a metre and a half
Your teacher will give you the correct answer. long. He began thrusting his iron rod into the
earth, making a hole in which he planted an acorn;
then he refilled the hole. He was planting oak trees. 5
Reading
After the midday meal he resumed his planting.
You are going to read some extracts from a story by the I suppose I must have been fairly insistent in my
French writer, Jean Giono (1895-1971), called The Man questioning, for he answered me. For three years he
Who Planted Trees. In it Giono describes the world of a had been planting trees in this wilderness. He had
solitary shepherd who plants trees, while in the planted one hundred thousand. Of the 10
background there are two world wars. hundred thousand, twenty thousand had
sprouted. Of the twenty thousand he still
T.66a Read and listen to the extracts expected to lose half. There remained
and answer the questions after each one, ten thousand oak trees to grow where
nothing had grown before. 15

THE MAN WHO That was when I began to wonder

about the age of this man. He was
PLANTED TREES obviously over fifty. Fifty-five he
told me. His name was Elzeard
Extract 1 Bouffier. I told him that in thirty 20
years his ten thousand oaks would be
About forty years ago, I was taking a long magnificent. He answered that if
trip on foot over mountain heights quite God granted him life, in another
unknown to tourists. All around was barren and thirty years he would have planted
colourless land. Nothing grew there but wild lavender. so many more that these ten 25
5 After five hours' walking I had still not. found thousand would be like a drop of
water. All about me was the same dryness, the same water in the ocean.
coarse grasses. I thought I saw in the distance a small The next day we parted.
black silhouette. It was a shepherd. Thirty sheep were
lying about him on the baking earth. He gave me a
io drink and took me to his cottage on the plain.
4 How old do you think the writer was at the time of
I felt peace in the presence of this man. I asked
the story? A boy in his teens? In his twenties? Middle-
if I might rest here for a day. He found it quite
aged? Older? Why?
natural—or, to be more exact, he gave me the
5 How old will Elzeard be in thirty years time? What
impression that nothing could surprise him. I didn't year will it be?
15 actually need to rest, but I was interested and wished 6 What do you think Elzeard's ambition is? What is his
to know more about him. vision of the future?

92 Unit 9 Relationships
For the next five years the writer is a soldier and fights in The writer returns for a final visit in 1945 after World
World War I. The war ends in 1918 and his thoughts turn War II. Elzeard is still alive. The writer is amazed at what
again to the tree-planter in the mountains. He returns to he sees. Not only is there the forest, but many villages have
look for him. been rebuilt, and by 1953 more than ten thousand people in
the area owe their happiness to Elzeard Bouffier.
T.66C Extract 3
T.66d Extract 4
I had seen too many men die during those five years
not to imagine easily that Elzeard Bouffier was The bus put me down in Vergons. In 1913 this village
dead, especially since, at twenty, one regards men of of ten or twelve houses had three inhabitants. All
fifty as old men with nothing left to do but die. He about them nettles were feeding upon the remains of
5 was not dead. As a matter of fact, he was extremely abandoned houses. Now everything had changed.
well. He had changed jobs. He had got rid of the 5 Even the air. Instead of the harsh dry winds, a gentle
sheep because they threatened his young trees. For, breeze was blowing, laden with scents. A sound like
he told me, the war had disturbed him not at all. He water came from the mountains: it was the wind in
had imperturbably continued to plant. the forest. Most amazing of all, I heard the actual
sound of water falling into a pool. I saw a fountain
10 The oaks were then ten years old and taller than
10 had been built. Ruins had been cleared away, and five
both of us. It was an impressive spectacle. I was
houses restored. Now there were twenty-eight
literally speechless, and as he did not talk, we spent
inhabitants, four of them young married couples. It
the whole day walking in silence through his
was now a village where one would like to live.
forest. It measured eleven kilometres in length and
is three kilometres at its greatest width. When you When I think that one man was able to cause
remembered that all this had come from the hands 15 this land of Canaan to grow from wasteland, I am
and the soul of this one man, you understood that convinced that in spite of everything,
men could be as effective as God in ways other than humanity is good.
destruction.
Elzeard Bouffier died peacefully
in his sleep in 1947.
7 Why did the writer think that Elzeard might have
died?
11 What has happened in the writer's life that could have
8 How had the war affected Elzeard?
9 Why is the writer speechless? made him pessimistic?
10 What thoughts about human behaviour does he have Is he in fact pessimistic about the world? Give a
in the last sentence? reason for your answer.
12 How is it that so many people owe their happiness to
one man? What are the results of his tree-planting?
13 How old is Elzeard when he dies? Why is it so
important that he had a long life?

Relationships Unit 9 93
What do you think? 2 Rewrite each group of sentences to form a more
natural sounding paragraph.
Work in groups.
a A person
1 Do you think the story about Elzeard is true?
Do you think Elzeard was ever married? Alan Higgins is a writer.
Give reasons for your opinions. Your teacher will tell He is famous.
you if you are correct. He is a millionaire.
He comes from the north
2 How would you describe the personality of Elzeard of England.
Bouffier? Do you know any people like him in your life? He has gone to live in the USA.
3 In the context of the twentieth century and its two He has written twenty-rive novels.
world wars, what message is Giono trying to make His novels have been translated
about nature and the importance of individual human into five languages.
beings? Hollywood is going to make a
film of his latest novel.
(This little book has been translated into over a dozen The film will star Sunny Shaw.
languages. Perhaps you could read the whole book in Sunny Shaw's last film was a big
your own language, or better still, read it in English.) box office hit. The film was
called Hot Night in the Snow.

WRITING b A place
Oxford is a city.
Sentence combination It is a city in the south of England.
1 Read the sentences about Elzeard Bouffier and then It is on the River Thames.
compare them with the paragraph below. Note the It has a population of about 100,000.
ways in which the sentences are combined. The city is famous.
Elzeard Bouffier was a shepherd. It has one of the oldest universities in the world.
He was poor. It has lots of other old buildings.
He was solitary. It has the Bodleian Library.
He lived in the mountains. It has the Ashmolean Museum.
The mountains were barren. The Ashmolean was built in 1683.
They were in southern France. Oxford was once the capital of England.
Elzeard had a love of nature. Not many people know this about Oxford.
He had an incredible idea. Charles I made it the capital.
During his life he planted thousands of acorns. It was the capital from 1642-1645.
The acorns grew into a forest of oak trees.
The forest made the countryside rich and fertile again. 3 Write a short profile of a person
He died when he was 89. (it could be you) and a place
that are important to you.
Elzeard Bouffier was a poor, solitary shepherd, who
lived in the barren mountains of southern France. His
love of nature gave him an incredible idea. During his
life he planted thousands of acorns. These grew into a
forest of oak trees, which made the countryside rich and
fertile again. Elzeard died when he was 89.
So do II Neither do I!
1 Read the statements in the chart below. Complete the You column by putting ( / )
if it is the same for you and (X) if it isn't.

You Polly Polly's words

I want to travel the world.
I don't want to have lots of children.
I can speak four languages.
I can't drive.
I'm not going to marry until I'm 35.
I went to America last year.
I have never been to Australia.
I don't like politicians.
I am bored with the British Royal Family.
I love going to parties.

2 T.67 Listen to Polly. She is at a party and lots of

friends are talking to her about themselves. Complete
the Polly column by putting (/) for what is the same
and (X) for what is not the same for Polly.

3 Listen again and write on the chart the exact words

that Polly uses. Choose from the lists below.
So am 1. So do 1. So can 1. So did 1. So have 1.
Neither am 1. Neither do 1. Neither can I. Neither did 1. Neither have
1 am. Ido. 1 can. Idid. 1 have.
I'm not. 1 don't. 1 can't. 1 didn't. 1 haven't.

What does she say when it is the same for her?

What does she say when it is different?

CO Grammar Reference: page 153.

4 Work in pairs.
Read out the statements in Exercise 1 to each other
and give the correct response for you.
5 Go round the class.
Everyone must make a statement about themselves or
give an opinion about something. The others in the
class must respond.
Examples
Student 1 / love chocolate ice cream!
Other students So do 1.1 Me too.
I don't!
Student 2 I didn't do my homework.
Other students Neither did 1.1 Me neither.
I did!

Relationships Unit 9 95
 Obsessions
Present Perfect Continuous
Time expressions
Complaining

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 For each pair, match a line in A with a line or picture Present Perfect Continuous
in B.
1 Look at the newspaper headline and the picture of
B Peter.
- What's Peter's job?
a What do you do on your hands and knees? - What has he passed?
What are you doing for a living? - 'L' stands for Learner. What are L-plates on a car for?
b She smokes - What is he tearing up? Why?
twenty cigarettes a day.
She's smoking a Russian cigarette. - Can you explain the play on words in the headline?

c He has a bath. He can't come to the

phone,
He's having a lot of money.

d You're stupid. You always are.

You're being stupid. You aren't usually.

f The cat drowned. so I jumped into the water

and saved it.
The cat was drowning It was terribly sad.

g What have you done I can't find them.

with my headphones?
What have you been since I last saw you?
doing

h Who has drunk my

beer?

Who has been

drinking my beer?

2 Look at the second sentence of each pair. What do the

verbs have in common?

96 Unit 10 Obsessions
2 T.68 Read and listen to the article. Then answer • Grammar questions
the questions.
Find the examples of the Present Perfect Simple and
- Why is Peter celebrating? Continuous in the text.
- Was it easy?
- What is the difference between the Present Perfect
- What helped him to pass his test?
Simple and Continuous?
- What was his first accident?
- What was his big problem with driving? He has been learning to drive for 17 years.
- What has happened to his instructors? Why? He has had 632 lessons.
- Why hasn't he seen some of his relatives for so long? - Which describes a completed action}
3 Here are the answers to some questions. Write the - Which describes an activity over a period of time'!
questions using he. They all contain either the Present
Perfect Simple or Continuous.
a Seventeen years. (How long has he ...?)
PRACTICE
b 632. (How many ...?)
c Over £9,000. (How much ...?) 1 Questions and answers
d Eight. (How many ...?)
e Five times. (How many times ...?) 1 T.70 Listen to two people talking about driving
f For over half his life. (How long ...?) and cars. Complete the questions.
g That he would never pass. (What ...?) a drive?
h Fifty-six times. (How many ...?) b How long
i By visiting relatives and people in the remote villages. c a car?
(How ...?) d How long
e How much pay
T.69 Listen and check your answers.
f How many kilometres
g ever
h Whose fault
Ask and answer the same questions across the class.

2 Write a question with How long ...? Use either the

Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Tf both are
possible, use the Continuous.
Peter, of St Andrew's Church, Repton in
Nottinghamshire, began driving at the age of 17. a I live in the country. How long
'It was in the country,' he said, 'and T was b I play a lot of tennis. How long
doing quite well until one morning, in a c I know Jack well. How long
narrow lane, I saw a tractor coming towards d I work in Prague. How long
me. I panicked and drove into a ten-foot e I have an American car. How long
hedge.'
Peter said, 'My big problem was confusing 3 Make statements about yourself using the same verbs.
the clutch and the brake. I was absolutely In pairs, ask and answer questions with How long ...?
hopeless. My instructors have been telling me 25
for years that 1 would never pass, but I was 4 For each of the sentences in Exercise 2, write another
determined to prove them wrong. Many of question in the Past Simple.
them have turned grey because of me!'
The turning-point came when Peter tried a When move there?
an automatic, and took his test again — for the b How old when
fifty-sixth time. started _ ?
He said, 'When I was told I'd passed, I went
down on my knees and thanked God.' c Where meet
So how has he been celebrating? I've been d Why decide
visiting all my relatives and people who live in 35
the remote villages around here. I haven't seen e How much pay
some of them for years because I haven't been
able to get to them. Now I can go anywhere!'

Obsessions Unit 10 97
2 Dialogues
PRESENTATION (2)
T.71 Work in pairs and make dialogues. Listen to the
example. Time expressions
Example
A tired - what ... doing? 1 Joanna Hardy is a writer.
B exhausted - getting ready to go on holiday Look at the chart of events
A done everything? in her life.
B packed cases ... been to the bank ... haven't booked Answer the questions.
the taxi yet
A You look tired What have you been doing?
B I'm exhausted! I've been getting ready to go on Age Events
holiday 0 Born 1950
A Have you done everything?
5 Started school
B Well, I've packed the cases and I've been to the bank,
but I haven't booked the taxi yet. 6 Wrote short stories about animals
8 Collection of poems published April 1958;
a A covered in paint - what ... doing?
visit to France and Germany
B decorating the bathroom
A finished yet? 11 16 Sept. 1961 mother died; visit to Italy
B painted the door ... haven't put the wallpaper 15 Wrote a novel (unpublished)
up yet 18 Went to Cambridge University for three
years to read English literature
b A oil on your face - what ... doing?
B servicing the car 19 Met her first husband
A done it yet? 20 Got married spring 1970
B mended the lights ... haven't changed the oil yet 21 Graduated 20 June 1971

c A dirty hands - what ... doing? First novel, Chains, published autumn 1971
B filthy - working in the garden 22 Daughter born 14 June 1972
A finished now? 25 Novel Strangers in the Night published;
B cut the grass ... haven't watered the flowers yet won The Times Literary Award for
best fiction
d A your eyes are red - what... doing?
B exhausted - revising for my exams 29 Divorce; visit to India and the Far East
A finished yet? 31 Bought a house in north London
B done my chemistry and history ... haven't done 33 Novel The Cry at Dawn published
any English yet 35-37 Made a series of TV programmes over a
two-year period; met Jack, a BBC producer
3 Discussing grammar 38 Got married 10.30, 3 August 1988 to Jack;
moved to her present address in Paris
There is something wrong with the following sentences!
Talk to a partner. Why are they strange? What would be 40 Won The Whitbread Trophy for literary
better? merit
46 Began her autobiography 1996
a Ouch! I've been cutting my finger.
Now Still writing her autobiography
b I've read Tolstoy's War and Peace this afternoon. It
was a nice little read,
c 'Why is your hair wet?' 'I've swum.'
d I'm terribly sorry, but I've been crashing into the back a Joanna has had an interesting life. What are some of
of your car. the things she has done?
e You've got tears in your eyes. Why have you cried? b How long has she been writing?
c What sort of things has she written?
d How many novels has she written?
e Has she won any prizes for her writing?
f How long has she been married to Jack?
g How many times has she been married?
h How long has she been writing her autobiography?

98 Unit 10 Obsessions
2 Complete the sentences with words from the box. 2 It is Monday of the second week, and she is at a press
conference. How does she answer these questions?
while she was at university at the age of six
since she married Jack until she married Jack How long are you How long have you
After the publication between 1968 and 1971 in the States for? been in the States?
two years after she while she was making
got married When do you go Where were you the
back to England? day before yesterday?
a She wrote her first stories _
b of a collection of poems in 1958, she Where were you Where will you be the
went to France and Germany. this time last week? I day after tomorrow?
c She was at Cambridge University .
d She met her first husband _ . -
e Her daughter was born . T.73 Listen and check your answers.
f She met Jack . a series of TV
3 Imagine you are on tour for two weeks. Write your
programmes.
itinerary. Decide what day it is and where you are. In
g She lived in north London
pairs, ask and answer the same questions.
h She has been living in Paris

3 Discussing grammar
PRACTICE Work in pairs.
1 Questions and answers 1 Correct the mistakes in the questions.
a What time did you go to bed at last night?
Ask and answer the questions about Joanna Hardy. b What did you do the last weekend?
a When ... born? c What are you doing this night?
b When ... collection of poems published? d When this lesson begin?
c When ... mother die? e When ends this lesson?
d When ... get married for the first time? f Are you going to study English the next month?
e When ... graduate? g When you born?
f When ... daughter born? h What's today date?
g When ... India and the Far East? 2 Ask and answer the questions above.
h When ... for the second time?
i How long ... first marriage last?
j How long ... in Paris? LANGUAGE REVIEW
T.72 Listen and check your answers. Present Perfect Continuous
The Present Perfect Continuous relates past activities to
2 How long are you here for? the present. It has two main uses.

1 Joanna is on a two-week tour of the United States. 1 To express unfinished past.

Look at her itinerary. I've been working here for fifteen years.
How long have you been learning English?
Weeki Week 2 Remember the verbs that rarely take the continuous.
Sun New York Kansas City I've known Jack for years and years.
How long have you had your car?
Won New York Kansas City
2 To express the present result of past activities.
Tues Boston Dallas You look tired. What have you been doing?
Wed Boston Denver I've been doing my homework.
Thurs Cleveland Los Angeles
Time expressions
Fri Chicago Los Angeles
See the Grammar Reference section, page 154.
Sat Chicago Fly home
Grammar Reference: page 153.
Obsessions Unit 10 99
 READING Reading
Read the text.
Pre-reading task Were your ideas about B J Cunningham correct?
1 Work in pairs. Which of the following do you think is Did you learn anything about him that surprised you?
the riskiest?

playing Russian roulette hang-gliding

taking cocaine smoking tobacco
riding a motorbike at 200 kph
crossing the road with your eyes closed

2 Read the quotations about smoking. What view of

smoking does each quotation express?
a 'Out of a thousand smokers of 20 cigarettes a day, one
will be murdered, six will be killed on the roads, and
about three hundred and thirty will die prematurely
because of their smoking.'
b 'If you decide to give up smoking and drinking, you
don't actually live longer; it just seems longer.'
c 'Teenagers begin to smoke because they think it's
'Here!
cool and because they think they look grown-up.
The cigarette is a symbol of defiance and an attack Have one of mine!'
on authority'
d 'I have every sympathy with the American who was so 'Death cigarettes?
horrified by what he had read about the effects of
smoking that he gave up reading.' You must be joking!'
e 'The world spends SI50 billion a year on smoking-
related illnesses.' David Andrews meets B J Cunningham,
a dedicated smoker who loyally puffs his own
3 Have attitudes to smoking changed in your country over cigarettes called Death.
the past few years? How? Do as many people smoke?

4 You are going to read an interview with a man called

B J Cunningham. Look at the pictures and read these
facts about him.

He's a chain smoker.

He wears black leather cowboy clothes.
He rides a Harley-Davidson motorbike.
He has a weak chest.
He returned to his true love after six months.
He has started his own tobacco company.
His company is not very successful.
He smoked fifteen cigarettes during the interview.

- How old do you think he is?

- What do you know about his way of life?
What kind of a man do you think he is?
- What nationality do you think he is?
- Would you like to meet him?

100 Unit 10 Obsessions

 OK. So here are the facts. There's an Englishman myself, but at least I know it, and I smoke a brand
called B J Cunningham who has been smoking which doesn't try to hide the fact.' 'Death cigarettes/
since he was eleven. He's a chain smoker who's in concludes B J, 'say, "Don't you dare tell me to
love with smoking. He smokes between two and 55 stop!"'
5 three packets a day, and already, at the age of 30,
has a weak chest. He was in hospital for six days B J Cunningham, now on his ninth cigarette of
when his lungs collapsed. 'It was at that point that the interview, says he wants to expose the
I did actually give up cigarettes for six months.' But hypocrisy behind the tobacco industry.
then he returned to his true love. He wears black Governments can't afford to ban smoking because
10 leather cowboy clothes and has a fondness for 60 they receive huge amounts of money in tax.
classic Harley-Davidson motorbikes, which he has Tobacco companies try to improve their image by
been riding for the past fifteen years. 'I've had sponsoring sports events such as motor racing,
about ten of them,' he says coolly. rugby, football, cricket, and tennis, at vast expense.
'What everybody wants to forget is that smoking
So far, not a very remarkable life. But then, B J 65 kills. That's why I'm here, to remind people that
15 Cunningham (no one actually knows what smoking and death are linked.'
B J stands for) had an idea one night in
a bar in LA. 'Let's market a cigarette The ETC hoped to win a good share
called Death,' he said to a business of the UK market. 'Cigarettes in
partner. 'Why?' said the partner. Britain are a £12 billion industry in
which four companies control 95%
20 'It's obvious,' he explains to me. of the market. The question is: How
'When you take a packet of do we get a share?' He knows the
cigarettes out of your top pocket question but he can't afford the answer.
and put it on the bar in front of you, you're The ETC can't afford to advertise like the
making a statement about yourself, exactly as you 75 big companies. It has been losing about £1
25 do with the clothes you wear, the music you like, million a year.
and the newspaper you read. You're saying, "These
cigarettes are a part of m e / " Personally, I have a very different opinion as to
why so few people choose to smoke a brand of
'So, if you take out a packet of Benson and Hedges, cigarette called Death. B J Cunningham has
you're saying, "I'm classy — gold packet — part of so misunderstood human psychology. Of course
30 high society." If you take out a packet of Marlboro, smokers know that their habit is probably going to
you're saying, "I'm an outdoor type, I like wearing kill them, but they prefer not to think about it. The
a cowboy hat and riding horses only people who are going to smoke his cigarettes
'Now, if you produce a packet of Death cigarettes,' are people like himself. When I offered one to a
he continues, producing a packet of Death cigarettes 85 friend recently, his reaction was, 'You must be
35 to illustrate his point, 'what you're saying is ...' joking.' And this is what Death cigarettes are all
about. It's a joke that was funny, but isn't funny
He looks at me to make sure that I'm going to any more.
write down what you're saying about yourself if
you smoke Death cigarettes. But do I need to? We But B J is still obsessed by fags. 'Do you know the
all know what Death cigarettes are about. B J so main reason I love my job?' he says. 'It's because it
40 Cunningham has been telling us about them since gives me a chance to attack the anti-smoking
he started his Enlightened Tobacco Company (ETC) killjoys! Those puritans who try to control our
in 1991. lives. I've met many people who don't smoke, but
who tell me that if smoking were made illegal, they
Everyone has now got the joke, thank you very 95 would fight it. You just can't have laws which
much. We've seen the black packets with their control every aspect of the way people live.'
45 death's head on the front and the white packets
which are called Death Lights; and we've heard I finally started to warm to this character B J
about the coffin-shaped vending machines in pubs Cunningham. It was the end of the interview, and
and clubs. the number of fag ends in the ashtray had
ioo increased to fifteen. Perhaps he had something
However, for anyone who has managed to avoid important to say after all. Not just, 'Hey,
50 B J's publicity, here goes. Death cigarettes are for everybody! Look at me! I'm weird, and I'm killing
the smoker who wants to say, 'Yes, I'm killing myself!'

Obsessions Unit 10 101

Comprehension check Language work
Read the text more carefully. Complete the sentences Here are the answers to some questions. Write the
with the best ending, a, b, or c. questions.
1 B J Cunningham smokes two or three packets of 1 ?
cigarettes a day ... Since he was eleven.
a even though he has a weak chest,
2 ?
b because he has to for his job.
Between forty and sixty.
c to prove that smoking is safe.
3 ?
2 He wears cowboy clothes and rides a Harley-Davidson Yes, he has. He gave up for six months after his lungs
motorbike because ... collapsed.
a he plays in a rock 'n' roll band.
b he likes everything that comes from the States. 4 . ?
c it is part of the image he wants to create for himself. For fifteen years.
5 ?
3 B J Cunningham says that smokers choose a certain
brand of cigarettes ... About ten.
a because it shows the kind of person they are. 6 ?
b to go with the clothes they are wearing. In 1991.
c because they want to be sporty or part of high society.
7 ?
4 We get the impression that the interviewer ... About £1 million a year.
a likes and admires B J Cunningham. 8 ?
b is bored and irritated by B J Cunningham. Fifteen.
c is very angry with B J Cunningham.
5 B J Cunningham says Death cigarettes are for Discussion
people ...
a who want to be honest and aggressive. Discuss the following in small groups. Then report back
b who want to prove that smoking cigarettes doesn't to the whole class.
kill. 1 How much is a packet of cigarettes in your country?
c who want to expose the hypocrisy of governments and How much of that is tax?
the tobacco industry. What sort of health warnings are there?
Do tobacco companies sponsor any sports events?
6 B J Cunningham says that his job ...
a is to get sponsorship for sports events, 2 Why is it that drugs such as nicotine and alcohol are
b is to sell as many cigarettes as he can. legal in many countries, while other drugs are illegal?
c is to be honest about the dangers of smoking. 3 Do you think smoking should be banned in all public
7 The interviewer thinks that the ETC hasn't been places? Or, should smokers be allowed to smoke when
successful because ... and where they want?
a the big tobacco companies spend £12 billion on
advertising.
b everybody thinks that Death cigarettes are just a joke.
c smokers don't want to be reminded that smoking kills.
8 B J Cunningham ...
a wants to defend people's right to smoke.
b wants to control the lives of smokers.
c thinks that smoking will one day be made illegal.
9 The interviewer warms to B J Cunningham at the end
of the interview ...
a when B J Cunningham gives his main reason for
selling Death cigarettes.
b because he realizes that he is just a weird eccentric,
c when he finally puts out his last cigarette.

102 Unit 10 Obsessions

 VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
Compound nouns
1 The following are definitions of words 3 Put one word in each box to form three compound nouns.
from Unit 10. What are the words? Look at the example. Check the spelling in a dictionary.
Example
What you wear if you want to listen to a ache i conditioning
your Walkman. tooth brush mail
Headphones. paste port
a The piece of paper that means you can b dining i cup
drive a car. living spoon
b What you have to pass to get the piece of changing pot
paper!
c What you put on the walls of your house c lights k glasses
when you decorate a room, warden bathing
d An interview given to a lot of journalists jam set
to make an announcement.
e Someone who smokes one cigarette after d way 1 news
another. racing travel
f Someone that you run a business with. bike estate
g Where smokers put out their cigarettes.
e cookery m wrapping
What do you notice about these words? telephone writing
note toilet
2 Nouns can be combined to make a new
word. These are called compound nouns. f engine n chair
They are written in different ways. place fire
works dust
postcard
postbox One word. g birthday 0 centre
postman credit basket
postcode get-well spree

post office Two words. h dresser P case

brush shop
Occasionally the words are hyphenated cut worm
{window-shopping). There are no rules, and
English people themselves often have to go
to a dictionary to check the spelling. 4 Work in pairs.
Look up the words below in your dictionary and find more
T.74 Listen to the words. Where is the compound nouns. Write some sentences like those in Exercise 1 to
stress? test the other students in the class.
eye back land
 Group B
LISTENING AND SPEAKING

Collectors
Pre-listening task
1 What kinds of things do people often collect?
2 Do you collect anything? Did you use to when you
were younger?

Listening
You are going to listen to two people who are both keen
collectors. Divide into two groups.
Look at the picture about your person. What can you
see? What does she/he collect? What questions would you
like to ask her/him? Listen and answer the questions.

Comprehension check
1 Where does she/he live? Who with?
2 What does she/he do for a living?
3 How big is her/his collection?
4 How long has she/he been collecting?
5 How many rooms of the house are taken up with the
collection?
6 What's her/his favourite piece?
7 How much has the collection cost?
8 Where do the pieces come from?
9 Is she/he in touch with other people who share the
same hobby?
10 What ambitions does she/he have?
When you have answered the questions, find a partner
from the other group. Compare and swap information.

Guessing game
Your teacher will tell one student what he or she collects.
The others must ask questions to find out what it is.

How big are they? Can you buy them? i

When you've guessed what it is,

ask some of the questions in the How long have you
Comprehension check above. been collecting?

104 Unit 10 Obsessions

 WRITING Beginnings

Beginning and ending letters a Dear Mary

1 Match the correct beginning and ending for the five This is just a note to ask if you and Dave are free
letters on the right. Which letter ... on the evening of July 11.
... asks for information? ... accepts an invitation? b Dear Jane
... invites? ... gives news?
... says that money has been received? Many thanks for your letter. It was lovely to hear
from you after such a long time. You asked me
2 Which of these sentences continues each letter? what I've been doing. Well, ...
a Could you please send me your brochure and a price c Dear Sir/Madam
list? I would be most grateful,
b I've changed my job a few times since I last spoke to I saw an advertisement in the Daily Telegraph for
you, and as you know, I've moved, too. weekend breaks at your hotel.
c Unfortunately this amount did not include packing
and postage, which is £7.50. d Dear Peter
d June and I are having a barbecue with all our friends, Thank you so much for inviting Dave and me to
and we were wondering if you could come, your summer party.
e We'd love to come. I haven't been to your part of the
country for ages. e Dear Mr Smith
We received your order for the World Encyclopaedia
3 Note the following points about formal and informal
on CD ROM, and your cheque for £75.
letters.
• We can write contractions (I've, we're, I'll) in an
informal letter, but not in a formal one. Endings
• All letters begin with Dear ...
• You can end an informal letter with Best wishes or Love. 1 Many thanks. I look forward to hearing from you
in the near future.
Here are some useful phrases for informal letters:
Beginning Yours faithfully
It was lovely to hear from you. I was pleased to hear
that ... James Fox
Thank you for your letter. I was sorry to hear that ...
I'm sorry I haven't written before, but ... 2 We will have pleasure in meeting your order as
This is just a note to say ... soon as we can.
Giving news Yours sincerely
We're having a lovely time in ... Thames Valley Computer Software
I've been very busy recently. Last week I... and next
week I'm going to ... 3 It would be lovely to meet some time. Do you
Ending ever come to London? You must let me know.
I'm looking forward to seeing you .. .Ho hearing from Love
you soon.
Give my regards to Robert ...
Write to me soon ... 4 Do get in touch soon and tell me if you can make it.
I hope to hear from you soon ...
Regards to you all.
Write and tell me when ...
Best wishes
4 Write a letter to a friend who you haven't been in
touch with for a long time. Give your news, describe
some things that you have done recently, and say what 5 We're really looking forward to seeing you again,
your future plans are. Ask about his/her news and and to meeting your friends.
family. Try to arrange to meet somewhere. Remember
Best wishes
to put your address and the date in the top right-hand
corner of your letter.

Obsessions Unit 10 105

Complaining
1 Choose a word or words from the box to complete the 3 Write a dialogue of complaint, either in a restaurant,
sentences. Some are used more than once. a hotel, or a clothes shop. Act it out to the rest of the
class.
too much a few any How many
Example
as much as How much some too many
as many as enough a little

Waiter Lady
How was your meal, ft was terrible. The soup
madam? was too salty, the steak
wasn't cooked enough, and
there weren't enough
vegetables. The table was
too noisy and the waiters
were slow.

But apart from that? It was fine, thanks.

106 Unit 10 Obsessions

 Tell me about it!
Indirect questions
Question tags
Informal language

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar
1 T.76 Look at the picture. Read and Indirect questions
listen to the story.
1 1.11 Rosie has just arrived at the railway station of a strange town.
She goes to the tourist office to get some information.

The Tramp
A tramp was sleeping on a park bench
late at night. A man and woman were
walking past. One of them tapped him
on the shoulder and asked, 'Excuse me!
What's the time?' The tramp was very
annoyed at being woken up. 'I don't
know!' he said angrily. 'I haven't got a
watch.' And he went back to sleep.
Some time later another man was
passing. He woke the tramp up and said, Look at the information she wants, then listen to the dialogue.
'I'm sorry to bother you, but I wonder if Complete her sentences.
you could tell me what time it is.'
What Rosie wants to know What Rosie says
Again the tramp said that he didn't
know. By now he was very fed up, so a Could you help me? I wonder
he got a pen and a piece of paper and b What time do the banks close? I don't know
wrote I DON'T KNOW WHAT THE TIME c How old is this town? Have you any idea
IS on it, and went back to sleep. d Are we near the centre of town? I'm not sure -
Half an hour later, a policeman was e Which hotel did you suggest? I can't remember _
passing. He read the sign, woke the
tramp up and said, 'It's 2.30, sir.'
• Grammar questions
2 Correct these sentences.
- How does the word order change in indirect questions?
*l wonder if you could tell me what - What happens to doldoesldid in indirect questions?
time is it. - What do we use if there is no question word {where? how old?
*l don't know what's the time. what time?)1

Tell me about it! Unit 11 107

2 In pairs, practise the conversation, 2 Speaking
How much can you remember?
1 Madame Tussaud's Waxworks is London's most popular tourist attraction.
3 Here is some more information What do you know about it?
that Rosie wants. Use the
prompts to ask indirect questions.
a When was the town founded?
(Could you tell me ...?)
b What's the population of the
town? (Do you know ...?)
c Where can I change some money?
(I'd like to know ...)
d What's the exchange rate today?
(Do you happen to know ...?)
e Is there a dry cleaner's near here?
(I wonder ...)
f Where is there a cheap place to
eat? (Have you any idea ...?)
g How long does it take to get to
the centre of town from here?
(Can you tell me ...?)
Make statements about Madame Tussaud's using the prompts
h Did it rain here yesterday? (Do
you remember ...?) I wonder ... I haven't a clue ...
I'd love to know ... Does anybody know ...
4 In pairs, ask and answer similar
indirect questions about the town Example
where you are now. where ... born
I wonder where she was born.
a where Madame Tussaud ... (come) from
PRACTICE b when ... alive
c how ... (learn) to make things in wax
d which countries ... (live) in
1 We can't hear what she's e ... married
saying! f ... children
g why ... (go) to England
l T.78 Listen to the radio news. h when the Waxworks ... (open) in London
Unfortunately the reception is i how many people a year ... (visit) the Waxworks
bad, and there are some things
you can't hear. What don't you 2 Work in pairs. Your teacher will give you some information about Madame
know? Tussaud, but you will not have the same information. Ask and answer
Example questions to complete the information. Use both direct and indirect questions.
We don't know Example
We've no idea what time the
I couldn't hear train crash Student A Student B
I'm not sure happened. Marie Tussaud was born in Marie Tussaud was born in
Strasbourg in 1761. Her father Strasbourg in 1761. Her father died
2 Your teacher has the information. died ... (When?), and her family two months before she was born,
Ask the direct questions. moved to Switzerland. and her family moved to ... (Where?)

Do you know when He died two months

her father died? before she was born.

Where did her

To Switzerland. family move to?

108 Unit 11 Tell me about it!

3 Asking polite questions
1 Match a word in A with a line in B and a line in C. Indirect questions can be
more polite than direct
A B C
questions. In pairs, ask and
football team times have you been on a plane? answer indirect questions
What newspaper does it take you to get ready in the morning? using the ideas in Exercise 1.
colour do you support? Example
long shoes do you take?
Which size of car have you got? Could you tell me which >.
flavour do you read? football team you support?^
far ice-cream is your favourite?
How sort is it to the station from here?
many „
time do you spend watching TV?
Would you mind telling me
much eyes have you got?
what size shoes you take?
• - - .

PRESENTATION (2)

Question tags 2 Look at the dialogue between Caroline Bailey (C) and
her secretary, Norma (N). Fill each gap with the
1 T.79 Look at the picture and listen to Jessie (J), correct question tag. Choose from the box.
aged 3, talking to her mother, Sarah (S).
didn't I? aren't I? isn't it?
am I? haven't I? does it?

C Now, what's happening today? I've got a meeting

this afternoon, ?
N Yes, that's right. With Henry and Ted.
C And the meeting's here, .
N No, it isn't. It's in Ted's office, at 3.00.
C Oh! I'm not having lunch with anyone,

N No, you're free all morning.

C Phew! I'll start on that report, then. Er ... I signed
J Mummy?
all my letters, ?
S Yes, Jessie? N No, you didn't, actually. They're on your desk.
J I've got ten fingers, haven't I?
waiting for you.
S Yes, that's right, my darling. Ten lovely little fingers. C Ah, right! And tomorrow I'm going to Scotland,
J And my brother's called Joe, isn't he?
S Yes, he is. He's at school at the moment. N Yes. You're booked on the early morning shuttle.
J And Daddy went to work this morning, didn't he?
C OK. It doesn't leave until 8.00, . ?
S Yes, he went in his big blue car.
N 8.15, to be precise.
J And we don't like tigers, do we, Mummy?
C Gosh, Norma! Where would 1 be without you?
S Well, they're beautiful, but they're dangerous, it's
true. T.80 Listen and check your answers.
J Can I have a biscuit now, Mummy?
Grammar questions
• Grammar questions Did the intonation of Jessie's question tags go up or
- Jessie knows that she has ten fingers, and she knows down? What about Caroline's?
that her brother's called Joe. So she's not really askinj
Whose use of question tags means, 'I'm not sure so
questions. What is she doing?
I'm checking'? Whose use of question tags means,
- How do we make question tags? 'Please talk to me'?

Tell me about it! Unit 11 109

PRACTICE LANGUAGE REVIEW
1 Grammar and intonation Indirect questions
1 Look at the sentences and complete the question tags. 1 Indirect questions are introduced with expressions
a It isn't very warm today, is it? such as the following.
b The weather forecast was wrong again, / don't know ...
c You can cook, / wonder ...
d You don't eat snails, Could you tell me ...?
e You've got a CD, I'm not sure ...
f Sally's very clever,
g There are a lot of people here, 2 Indirect questions have the same word order as the
h The film wasn't very good, positive, and there is no doldoesldid.
1 I am a silly person,
j You aren't going out dressed like that, I don't know where he went.
I wonder if she's arrived yet.
2 T.81a Listen and check your answers. Put if the Could you tell me what the answer is?
tag falls and if it rises. I'm not sure how much it costs.

3 Match one of the following responses with a sentence Question tags

in Exercise 1.
n Yes. She's as bright as a button. The meaning of a question tag depends on how you say it.
Q Believe it or not, I haven't. I've got a tape 1 A question tag with a falling intonation isn't really a
recorder, though. question at all. It is a way of making conversation by
• Why? What's wrong with it? I thought I looked asking the listener to agree with the speaker.
really smart. It's a lovely day, isn't it?
Q Yuk! No, I don't! They're disgusting! We didn't play very well today, did we?
Q No, it's freezing.
2 A question tag with a rising intonation is more like a
LJ No, you're not. Just because you made one real question. It means 'I think I'm right, but can you
mistake doesn't mean you're silly. confirm it for me?'
• Me? No! I can't even boil an egg. Our train leaves at 7.00, doesn't it?
• Yes! It always is, though, isn't it? You haven't lost the keys, have you?
n I know! It's absolutely packed! I can't move!
Grammar Reference: page 155.
n Terrible! The worst I've seen for ages.

T.81b Listen and check your answers. In pairs,

practise the dialogues. VOCABULARY AND IDIOMS
Do you know what your body can do?
2 Conversations
Work in pairs. Use your dictionary to check any new words.
1 Your teacher will give you a dialogue. Decide where 1 As a class, brainstorm all the parts of the body that
you think question tags could go, what they are, and you know. Fill the board with all that you can think of.
whether they fall or rise.
2 Work in pairs and say which parts of the body you
2 Learn the dialogue by heart. Act it out to the rest of use to do the following things.
the class.
kick bite hit climb chew drop
3 T.82 Listen and check your answers. Are your ideas hold hug kiss lick point scratch
the same? tie kneel think pat blow clap
stare whistle

110 Unit 11 Tell me about it!

3 Which verbs go with which nouns and phrases? 5 Complete the gaps with one of the idioms in Exercise
Match a line in A with a line in B. 4. If necessary, change the form of the verb. The first
letter of each missing word is given.
a The best way to stop hiccups is to h your
b and count to ten.
b My parents h the r when I said I'd
been to an all-night party.
c I've tried so many times to stop biting my nails, but I
just can't k . the h -.
whistle a ladder d I've never seen a couple so in love. They clearly
kick a pile of books t the w of each other.
lick your head e When my teenage daughter learnt to drive, I had to
tie out of the window buy her a car or k. my own car g !
climb a toffee
scratch a tune f Tell your brother to stop b his own t
drop your grandmother We don't want to hear how wonderful he thinks he is!
chew a ball
hug me a l when you know what time
an ice-cream
stare a knot you're coming, and I'll meet you at the station.

READING AND SPEAKING

to pray
into an apple
me on the back
me on the cheek How well do you
up a balloon know your world?
about home
in time with the music
a gun at the bank Pre-reading task
clerk
a nail with a hammer 1 Work in small groups.
me in your arms How many of the following questions can you answer?
- Why do women live longer than men?
- What man-made things on Earth can be seen from
space?
- How many new words enter the English language
every year?
- Why is walking under ladders thought to be unlucky?
- Why are horseshoes believed to be lucky?
- Why is the expression 'Mayday' used as a distress call?
- Why do they drive on the left in Britain and on the
right in other countries?
- What is the biggest office in the world?
Many of the verbs above form interesting idioms. - How clever are dolphins?
How many of the following do you know or can you
guess? Check the others in your dictionary. 2 Preface each question above with one of the following
according to what is true for you. Remember the word
to drop someone a line order for making indirect questions.
to kick the habit
to think the world of someone I think I know ... I'm not sure ... I don't know ...
to kiss something goodbye I've no idea ... I wonder ...
to blow your own trumpet
to hit the roof 3 Discuss your answers as a class. Which of the
to hold your breath questions interest you most? Why?

Tell me about it! Unit 11 111

 LISTENING AND SPEAKING 2 T.83c Listen to the rest of the programme and
answer the questions.
The forgetful generation a What is Professor Alan Buchan's job?
b What is it about some modern day working practices
Pre-listening task that causes forgetfulness?
You are going to listen to an item from a radio magazine c Why did the lady think that she was going mad?
programme called Worldly Wise. It is about the problem d In what ways was her lifestyle stressful?
of forgetfulness in modern society. e What helped the lady feel more relaxed?
1 T.83a Read and listen to the introduction to the f Does Professor Buchan advise using a personal
programme. computer to help remember things?
g What does he advise? Why does he advise this?
'Hello and welcome to Worldly Wise. How's your day h How does the presenter try to be funny at the end of
been so far? Have you done all the things you the interview?
planned? Kept all your appointments? Collected that
parcel from the Post Office? Oh — and have you
remembered to send your mother a birthday card? If What do you think?
so, well done! If not — you're not alone. Many of us Have a class discussion.
are finding it more and more difficult to remember
everything. Once upon a time we just blamed Do you think Professor Buchan's explanation for
getting older for our absent-mindedness, but now forgetfulness is true?
experts are blaming our modern lifestyle. They say Have you got any stories of forgetfulness, either your
that we have become "the forgetful generation" and own or somebody else's?
that day after day we try to do too much!'

2 Discuss the following in small groups. • WRITING

Does your lifestyle mean that you have a lot to For and against
remember to do each day? What kind of things fill
your day? 1 Do you live and/or work in a city? Is it very big?
- In what ways do you think modern society is busier How many advantages and disadvantages of city life
and more stressful than a hundred years ago? can you think of?
- In what ways do you help yourself remember all that Write them down and compare them with a partner.
you have to do each day? Or, have you got such a
good memory that you don't have to do anything? 2 Read the text on the next page about the advantages
and disadvantages of living in a city.
Listening
3 Answer the questions about the text.
1 T.83b Listen to the stories of Ellen, Josh and Fiona, a There are three paragraphs. What is the purpose of
and take notes about them. each one?

What did What did

b Replace the words underlined with one of the
they forget? they do?
following.

Ellen in spite of pros and cons

another point is that one advantage is that
all things considered for instance
to sum up in my opinion
Josh one disadvantage is that especially
moreover finally

Fiona

114 Unit 11 Tell me about it!

 Informal language
1 When we speak, we use a lot of informal language,
depending on who we're speaking to!
Example
These shoes cost ninety quid.
In the dialogues, choose the informal words that fit best.
a A Let's have a break, shall we?
Living B All right.
I see.
I'm dying for a cuppa.

in the b A My old man isn't at work today.

B Why?
What's he on about?
• Living in a city has ^^^ H What's up with him?
both advantages and ^^^^ A He was walking to work yesterday when this
disadvantages. On the plus side, it is often guy in a car knocked him over.
easier to find work, and there is usually a choice of public B Really!
5 transport, so you don't need to own a car. Also, there are Is he OK?
Yuk!
a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. For A Well, he was very lucky. He just got a few
example, you can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, Right, cuts and grazes.
and go to the theatre and to concerts. What is more, when
you want to relax, you can usually find a park where you c A Can I have one of your fags?
10 can feed the ducks or just sit on a park bench and read a B Sure.
Help yourself. I've got loads.
book. All in all, city life is full of bustle and variety and you Damn.
need never feel bored. A Oh!
Do Jyou want one/
0 However, for every plus there is a minus. For one thing,
Ta!
you might have a job, but unless it is very well-paid, you B No. I've just put one out.
15 will not be able to afford many of the things that there are
to do, because living in a city is often very expensive. It is d A Gimme your homework so I can copy it.
B What a pity! You can do it yourself!
particularly difficult to find good, cheap accommodation, No way!
What is more, public transport is sometimes crowded and
dirty, particularly in the rush hour, and even the parks can e A Did you manage to fix the telly?
20 become very crowded, especially on Sundays when it B Kind of. The picture's OK, but the sound
seems that every city-dweller is looking for some open All right. isn't quite right.
space and green grass. Last of all, despite all the crowds, it A What's on tonight?
is still possible to feel very lonely in a city. B Dunno. Look in the paper.
• In conclusion, I think that city life can be particularly f A What's that stuff called that you use to clean
2E appealing to young people, who like the excitement of the between your teeth?
city and don't mind the noise and pollution. However, B What do you mean?
many people, when they get older, and particularly when A You see! It's like string. White.
they have young children, often prefer the peace and fresh You know!
air of the countryside. B Oh! You mean dental floss.
Wow!
A That's it!
4 Write rough notes about the pros and cons of living in
the country. Compare them with your partner. T.84 Listen and check your answers.

5 Write three paragraphs called The Pros and Cons of 2 There are lots of other examples of informal language
Living in the Country'. in the dialogues. How do we say them more formally?
In the conclusion give your own opinion. Write about Be careful if you try to use them!
250 words.

Tell me about it! Unit 11 115

 Two weddings, a birth
and a funeral!
Reported speech
Saying sorry

PRESENTATION (1)
Test your grammar

1 Read the story in a and write the actual Reported statements and questions
words of the conversation in b.
1 Match a line in A with a line in B to make a natural sounding
The Marriage Proposal conversation. Put the letters a-j in the right box. Where is the
conversation taking place? Who are Adam and Beatrice?
A (Adam)
Are you on your own?
How do you know John and Moira, then?
Do you like big weddings?
a John greeted Moira and asked how she
Where did you meet your
was. She told him she was fine and asked husband, then?
about him. He said he felt wonderful Why aren't you drinking?
because they were together again. He Have you travelled far to get here?
added that it had been a long time since Why aren't you wearing a hat?
their holiday in Paris. She said she had Where are you staying tonight?
loved every minute in Paris and that she Can you give me a lift there?
would never forget it. She asked if they Yes, I am. Will there be enough
could go back there next spring. He said room in your car?
that he loved her. He asked if she would B (Beatrice)
marry him and come to Paris with him for I never wear hats.
their honeymoon. She said that she would Oh, yes, lots. There won't be a
and that she loved him, too. problem.
b John 'Hfillo, Moira Hnw We're at the Red Lion.
Moira 'I'm Because I'm driving.
John '1 feel hRnanqi No, I'm not. I'm with my husband.
Wfi I prefer smaller ones.
It's hfifin Actually, I met him at a wedding.
Moira '1 IOVPH Yes, we have. We flew in from New
I'll nfiupr York yesterday.
Can we I was at university with Moira.
John '1 Yes, we can. Are you staying at the
Will ynn Red Lion, too?
Moira 'Oh yfifi yeq, 1

2 Which is direct speech and which is

reported speech? "
3 T.85 Listen to the conversation.
Are there any differences with yours?

116 Unit 12 Two weddings . . .

2 T.86a Listen and check your answers. e 'Which airport did you fly from?' I asked them,
f 'The flight has been cancelled,' the announcement
3 Beatrice is telling her husband about the conversation said.
with Adam. Read what she says. g 'Our plane was delayed by five hours,' they told us.
h 'What time did it take off?' she asked.
'I've just met this really friendly young man. Do you 1 'I'll help you unpack,' he said.
know what he said to me? j 'I can't do this exercise,' he told the teacher.
First he asked me if I was on my own, and of
course I said that I wasn't, I was with you. 2 What's the difference in meaning in the following
Then he asked me how I knew John and Moira, and examples of reported speech? Discuss with a partner.
I told him I had been at university with Moira ...' a Beatrice said she lived in New York.
Beatrice said she'd lived in New York.
• Grammar questions b Moira told her mother that she'd love John.
Read the sentences and answer the questions. Moira told her mother that she loved John.
'I'm with my husband,' she said. c Adam asked them how they'd travel to Paris.
Adam asked them how they'd travelled to Paris.
She said (that) she was with her husband.
I was at university with Moira,' she told him. What did the people actually say in direct speech?
She told him (that) she had been at university with
Moira. 3 Stress and intonation
- What is the basic rule about the use of tenses in
reported speech? 1 Work in pairs and complete the conversation.
- What is the difference in the way say and tell are A is talking to B about a friend, George. B has not
used? heard the same as A.
'Are you on your own?' he asked. Example
He asked if I was on my own.
George doesn't
'How do you know John and Moira?' he asked. like his new job.
He asked how I knew John and Moira.
But he told me
- What differences are there between direct questions he loved it\ (love)
and indirect questions?
- When is //used?
a A He loves living in London.
B But he told me . ! (hate)
PRACTICE b A He's moving to Canada.
B But he told me ! (Australia)
1 Reporting a conversation c A His girlfriend has left him.
B But he told me __! (he/leave/her)
You are Beatrice. Continue reporting the conversation to d A He'll be thirty next week.
a partner. B But he told me .. ! (twenty-one)
Example e-A He went to Amsterdam for his last holiday.
Then he asked if I liked ... and I said that I... B But he told me . ! (Barbados)
f A He can't give up smoking.
T.86b Listen and check your answer. B But he told me „__ ! (three years ago)
g A He was given the sack last week.
2 Grammar B But he told me ! (promotion)
h A He's fallen in love with a French girl.
1 Put the following direct speech into reported speech. B But he told me ! (with me)
a 'I'm exhausted!' he said.
b 'Are you leaving on Friday?' she asked me. 2 T.87 Listen and check your answers. Pay particular
c 'We haven't seen Jack for a long time,' they said. attention to the stress and intonation.
d 'We flew to Madrid,1 they said. Practise the dialogues with a partner.

Two weddings Unit 12 117

PRESENTATION (2)
Reported commands

1 Read the newspaper article.

marriage This is how

Judge Margaret Pickles
described the marriage
threw a chair at him out of
25 the window. It just missed
him! So that was it! We rang

made in hell!' of Patrick and Pauline

Peters as she ordered
the police and asked them to
come immediately.'
Mr and Mrs Peters
them to spend fourteen 30 admitted they had been
days in prison for arguing. Mrs Peters said that
rowing. she had accused Mr Peters of
wasting their money on drink
and gambling. However, they
THE COUPLE only married 35 denied throwing the chair.
no six months ago and already The judge clearly did not
they are famous for believe them. She reminded
their rows. Neighbours them that they had already
complained that they could had two previous warnings
hear them shouting from the 40 from the police and she told
15 bus stop six hundred yards them that they would soon
away. Mrs Iris Fish, who lives cool down in prison,
opposite, said, 'First I asked especially as they would be in
them nicely to stop because separate prisons. She advised
my baby couldn't get to sleep, 45 them to talk to a marriage
20 but they didn't. Then my guidance counsellor.
husband knocked at their Mr and Mrs Fish and their
door and told them to stop, baby are looking forward to
'We can get a good night's sleep now!' say Mr and Mrs Fish but still they didn't. They some sleep! •

2 Who is speaking? Find the lines in the text that report • Grammar questions
the following.
- Four of the sentences a-k are commands or requests.
a 'You must go to prison for a fortnight.'
Which are they? How are they reported in the text?
b 'It's terrible. We can hear them shouting from the
Which verbs are used to report them?
bus stop.'
c 'Please, will you stop making that noise? My baby - Underline the two sentences with told in the article.
can't get to sleep.' Which is a reported statement and which is a
d 'Stop making that noise!' reported command?
e 'Please, can you come immediately?'
- Which of the sentences below is a reported question?
f 'OK. OK. It's true. We were arguing.'
g 'You've been wasting our money on drink and Which is a reported request?
gambling again!' / asked them to stop making a noise.
h 'We didn't throw the chair.' She asked me if I knew the time.
i 'Remember that you have already had two warnings
- Say and tell are both used to report statements. How
from the police.'
many other reporting verbs can you find in the
j 'You'll soon cool down in prison.'
k T think you should see a marriage guidance counsellor. article?

Compare the direct and reported speech.

118 Unit 12 Two weddings . . .

PRACTICE LANGUAGE REVIEW
1 Other reporting verbs Reported statements
1 Which verb can be used to report the direct speech in the The usual rule for reported statements is that
sentences below? Put a letter a - j in the box. the verb form moves back one tense when the
tell beg
reporting verb is in the past tense.
order remind advise
The verbs say and tell are used to report
ask invite warn refuse offer statements but other verbs can also be used.
L
a 'Please can you translate this sentence for me?' Maria said to Mark, He's having a shower.'
b 'Don't forget to send Aunt Maud a birthday card,' Mary said to She said/told me (that) he was having a shower.
her son. 'I've lost my wallet!'
c 'Sign on the dotted line,' the postman said to me. He said/complained (that) he had lost his
d 'Please, please, please marry me. I can't live without you,' John wallet.
said to Moira.
e 'Please come to our wedding,' John said to his boss. 'They took a taxi.'
f 'I'll pay for the next round,' Mark said, I said I thought (that) they had taken a taxi.
g 'Don't run round the edge of the swimming pool or you'll fall in,' I'll ring you tomorrow.'
Mary said to her children. He said (that) he would ring me the next
h 'I won't go to bed!' Bobby said. day. I He promised to ring me the next day.
i 'You should talk to your solicitor,' Ben said to Bill.
j 'Take that chewing gum out of your mouth immediately!' the The Past Simple and the Present Perfect both
teacher said to Jo. change to the Past Perfect.

2 Change the sentences in Exercise 1 into indirect speech using the Reported questions
appropriate verbs.
In reported questions the word order is like a
statement. Verbs other than ask can be used.
2 Listening and speaking
When are you leaving?
You are policemen or policewomen taking statements, He asked (me) I He wondered when I was
1 Divide into two groups. leaving.

Group A Where does John live?

She inquired where John lived.
T.88a Listen to Pauline Peters
and take notes about what she Have you met Moira?
says happened. He asked (me) if I had met Moira.
When there is no question word, z/is used,
and there is no question mark.
Group B
T.88b Listen to Iris Fish Reported commands
and take notes about what
she says happened, These are formed with the infinitive with to.
The verbs ask and tell are used to report
commands but other verbs can be used as
well according to the meaning.
Sit down and be quiet!
He told/ordered them to sit down and be quiet.
Please can you give me a lift?
2 Find a partner from the other group and report what you heard.
She asked him to give her a lift.
Find the differences. Begin like this.
Tf T were you I'd see a doctor.
A Pauline admitted that they sometimes argued. She said that ...
She advised me to see a doctor.
B Iris complained that they argued every night. She said that ...
Grammar Reference: page 155.
3 Write the reports for the police records.

Two weddings . . . Unit 12 119

 VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
Birth, marriage and death
1 Use your dictionary to sort the following words and
phrases into the categories below.
;
cot /V| bouquet i) funeral to get engaged
grave p pregnant f .godmother to have a baby
/ nappy reception cemetery best man
grief to bury t\.widow ^ maternity leave
w weddingg bonnet C christening bridegroom
pram mourners / honeymoon ,. fto get divorced
/Wwreath coffin M( sympathy ,.\
;\ tto exchange rings

Marriage

2 Decipher the phonetic script to complete the puzzle. READING AND LISTENING
Find out the vertical word.
1 Three hundred people came to our /n'sepjn/ after the A birth and a death
wedding.
2 I am my niece's /'godniASs/. Pre-reading task
3 Thousands of /'mo:nsz/ attended the king's funeral.
4 My sister is four months /'pregnant/. Work in small groups.
5 Our dog likes to /'ben/ his bone.
6 My daughter loves playing with her dolls' /praem/. 1 Obviously you can't remember anything about the day
7 His brother was his /bes'masn/. you were born, but what have you been told about it?
8 The bridesmaid caught the /bu'kei/. Who told you? What did they say?
9 In Britain you get eleven weeks' maternity /li:v/. Discuss what you have learnt with others in your group.
10 You haven't shown me very much /'simpaOi/ for my Are there any interesting stories? Tell the whole class.
toothache.
11 The Queen laid a /ri:9/ at the grave of the Unknown 2 You are going to read an extract from Chapter one of
Soldier. David Copperfield, a very famous novel by the English
12 They say that old Bill died of /gri:f/ after his wife died. writer, Charles Dickens.
13 The emperor was buried in a gold /'kofm/. - Do you know anything about the kind of novels
14 Where did John and Liz go on their /'hAnimuin/? Dickens wrote?
15 The baby screamed throughout the /'knsnin/. - Do you know any of their names?
- When did he write?
3 What happens at births, weddings and funerals in your - What kind of people did he write about?
country?

120 Unit 12 Two weddings . . .

Reading and listening (1)
A birth
T.89a Read and listen to Part I. It is the day of David
Copperfield's birth and his young, widowed mother meets
her dead husband's aunt, Betsey Trotwood.
What impression do you form of the characters of the
two women? Have they met before?

d Qopperfield
M CHAPTER 1
I AM BORN (PART I)

I was born at Blunderstone, in Suffolk. I was a

posthumous child. My father's eyes had closed upon
the light of this world six months when mine opened
My mother answered that she had had the pleasure.
'Take off your cap, child,' said Miss Betsey, 'and let
25 me see you. Why, bless my heart! You are a very baby!'
on it. My mother was, no doubt, unusually youthful in
5 On the afternoon of that eventful and important appearance; she hung her head, as if it was her fault,
Friday, my mother was sitting by the fire, very timid poor thing, and said sobbing, that indeed she was
and sad, and very doubtful of ever coming alive out of afraid she was but a childish widow, and would be a
the trial that was before her, when, lifting her eyes to 30 childish mother zfshe lived.
the window opposite, she saw a strange lady coming 'Well?' said Miss Betsey And when do you expect?'
10 up the garden. When she reached the house, instead 'I am all in a tremble/ faltered my mother. 'I don't
of ringing the bell, she came and looked in at that know what's the matter. I shall die, I am sure!'
window, pressing her nose against the glass. She gave 'No, no, no,' said Miss Betsey 'Have some tea. I
my mother such a turn, that I have always been 35 have no doubt it will be a girl. I have a presentiment
convinced I am indebted to Miss Betsey for having that it must be a girl. Now, child, from the moment
15 been born on a Friday. Then she made a frown and a of the birth of this girl ...'
gestured) my mother, like one who was accustomed to 'Perhaps boy ...,'
being obeyed, to come and open the door. My mother 'Don't contradict. From the moment of this girl's
went. w birth, child, I intend to be her friend. I intend to be
'Mrs David Copperfield, I think,' said Miss Betsey. her godmother, and I beg you'll call her Betsey
20 'Yes,' said my mother faintly. Trotwood Copperfield. There must be no mistakes
'Miss Trotwood,' said the visitor. 'You have heard of in life with this Betsey Trotwood. She must be well
me, I dare say?' brought up. I must make that my care.'

Comprehension check
Read the passage again and answer the questions. Use 2 Why was David a 'posthumous child'? (1.2) When had
your dictionary to check new words. his father died? What was his father's name?
3 Why is that Friday called 'eventful and important'? (1.5)
1 Which of the following adjectives describe David's 4 What is 'the trial'? (1.8)
mother and which describe Betsey Trotwood? Which 5 Why is David 'indebted to Miss Betsey for having been
word describes neither of them? born on a Friday'? (1.14)
6 Why does Miss Betsey call David's mother 'child'?
forceful shy confident frightened weak (1.24)
strong miserable impatient bossy meek 7 How many reasons can you find as to why David's
insensitive motherly severe flustered mother is sad and frightened?
8 What is Betsey Trotwood absolutely certain about?

Two weddings . . . Unit 12 121

What do you think?
1 What 'mistakes in life' might have happened to Miss 2 What do you think will happen next?
Betsey Trotwood?
T.89b Read and listen to Part II. Who do you think
Mr Chillip is?

I AM BORN (PART H)

T he mild Mr Chillip sidled into the parlour and

said to my aunt in his meekest manner: 'Well,
ma'am, I'm happy to congratulate you.'
'Mercy on the man, what's he doing?' cried my
aunt, impatiently. 'Can't he speak?'
10 'Be calm, my dear ma'am,' said Mr Chillip, in his
'What upon?' said my aunt sharply. softest accents. 'Be calm. I am happy to congratulate
Mr Chillip was flustered again by the extreme you. All is now over, ma'am, and well over.'
severity of my aunt's manner, so he made her a little 'How is she?' said my aunt, folding her arms.
bow and gave her a smile. 'Well, ma'am, she will soon be quite comfortable,
15 I hope,' replied Mr Chillip. 'Quite as comfortable as
we can expect a young mother to be. There cannot
be any objection to your seeing her presently, ma'am.
It may do her good.'
And she. How is she}' said my aunt, sharply.
20 Mr Chillip laid his head a little more on one side,
and looked at my aunt.
'The baby/ said my aunt. 'How is she?'
'Ma'am,' replied Mr Chillip, 'it's a boy.'
My aunt said never a word, but took her bonnet
25 by the strings, aimed a blow at Mr Chillip's head
with it, put it on, and walked out. She vanished and
never came back any more.

Comprehension check Vocabulary

1 What is Betsey Trotwood's opinion of Mr Chillip? 1 Find words in Part I that mean the same as the
What does he think of her? following.
2 What is the misunderstanding between them?
3 Does Betsey go to see the baby? shy uncertain was used to hat crying
4 What does Betsey Trotwood hit Mr Chillip with? Why
does she hit him?
5 Why does she leave? 2 Find words in Part II that mean the same as the
following.

What do you think? gentle most humble strictness hat hit

disappeared
- What do you think of Betsey Trotwood's behaviour?
- Do you think David Copperfield ever meets his aunt?

122 Unit 12 Two weddings . . .

Language work Reading
Read the account of Betsey Trotwood's Read the poem and answer the questions. Use your dictionary to
conversation with David Copperfield's check new words.
mother. Fill each gap with a suitable word
from the box. Use each word once only.

said asked begged told (x 2)

invited expressed suggested added
didn't answer exclaimed introduced FUNERAL BLUES

Miss Betsey Trotwood (1) —. .

herself to David's mother, who STOP ALL the clocks, cut off the telephone,
(2) that she had heard of her. Prevent the dog from barking with a juicy bone,
Then Miss Betsey (3) _ her to Silence the pianos and with muffled drum
take off her cap so that she could see her Bring out the coffin, let the mourners come.
properly. She was very surprised and Let aeroplanes circle moaning overhead
(4) that David's mother Scribbling on the sky the message He Is Dead,
looked very young indeed! Next she Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves J
(5) when the baby was due, Let the traffic policemen wear black cotton gloves.
but David's poor mother (6) .
the question, she just (7) the He was my North, my South, my East and West,
fear that she would die having the baby. Miss My working week and my Sunday rest,
Betsey dismissed these fears and My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
(8) . her to have some tea. She I thought that love would last forever: I was wrong.
(9) that she had no doubt
that the baby would be a girl. David's mother The stars are not wanted now; put out every one;
tentatively (10) - that it might Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;
be a boy but Miss Betsey (11) _ Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood;
her not to contradict, and (12) For nothing now can ever come to any good.
her to call the baby Betsey Trotwood WHAuden (1907-1973)
Copperfield.

Reading and listening (2)

A death
Pre-reading task
1 A loved one has died. What in general does the poet want the rest
1 T.90 Close your books and close your of the world to do? Why does the poet feel like this?
eyes. Listen to a poem by W H Auden 2 Which lines describe things that could possibly happen? Which
(1907-1973). The poem is called Funeral describe impossible things?
Blues. Don't worry about understanding 3 Which verse describes the closeness of the relationship?
every word but try to understand the 4 When you fall in love it is said that you see the world through
overall 'message'. 'rose-coloured spectacles'. What does this mean? In what ways is
It is a love poem. this poem the opposite of this?
What has happened? How does the writer
feel about the world now?
Learning by heart
2 What words or lines can you remember?
Share what you can remember with the rest 1 Choose one verse and learn it by heart.
of the class.
2 Recite the poem round the class.

Two weddings . . . U n i t 12 123

 WRITING
Correcting mistakes
1 Kati was a student of English in London, where she
stayed with the Bennett family. She has now returned
home. Read the letter she has written to Mr and Mrs
Bennett. Her English has improved but there are still
over 25 mistakes. How many can you find?

2 Compare the mistakes you have found with a partner. 3 Write a thank-you letter to someone you have
Correct the letter. stayed with.

124 Unit 12 Two weddings

Saying sorry 2 T.91 a Listen and check your answers. Act out the
conversations, paying particular attention to stress and
1 Read the conversations and put the correct expression intonation.
from the box into the gap.
3 What exactly would you say in the following
(I'm) sorry I am sorry Pardon Excuse me What
situations? Respond in one or two sentences.
, can you tell me where the post office is?' a You were cut off in the middle of an important phone
, I'm a stranger here myself.' call to a business colleague. You think there is a
problem with the switchboard in your office. You ring
your colleague back.
b You want the attention of the waiter in a very
crowded restaurant. You want another large bottle of
fizzy mineral water for your table.
c A friend tells you that she can't meet you for lunch as
planned next Thursday because she suddenly has to
go to an aunt's funeral.
'Ouch! That's my foot!' d Your daughter, aged fourteen, tells you that she wants
' . I wasn't looking where 1 was going.1 to go to an all-night party and take a bottle of your
whisky with her.
e You thought you had bought a medium jumper, but
when you get it home you see it's the wrong size. You
take it back to the shop.
f You ask for directions in a foreign country, but you
don't understand the reply. Ask the person to say it
again.
g You want to get off a very crowded train at the next
, what's that creature called?' stop. You have a huge suitcase.
'It's a Diplodocus.' h Your dinner guest reminds you that he is vegetarian.
' ?' You have just put a huge steak on his plate.
'A Diplodocus. D-I-P-L-O-D-O-C-U-S.' 4 T.91 b Listen to the sample answers. Were your
'Thank you very much.' answers similar?
d 'I failed my driving test for the sixth time!'

e '- - ! We need to get past. My little boy

isn't feeling well.'
f 'Do you want your hearing aid, Grandma?'
' ?
'I said: Do you want your hearing aid?'

'DO YOU WANT YOUR HEARING AID?!'

' ?, I can't hear you. I need my hearing
aid.'

Two weddings . . . Unit 12 125

 Tapescripts
UNIT1
Tapescript 1 9 It's made of stone. P Um, well I was thinking that for me the ...
10 It's got three bedrooms. well ... the most wonderful thing is the fax
1 The modern Olympic Games started in 1896. machine, because of the way it ... it simply
2 It takes eight minutes for the sun's rays to enables you to communicate with people in a
reach Earth. Tapescript 4a S
way that you just couldn't contemplate even
3 He was stepping down onto the moon. five years ago!
4 A vegan doesn't eat any animal products at Tapescript 4b J Are you saying it's good for work, or for
all. Dad Morning! Did you sleep well? pleasure ... for keeping in touch with people?
5 If you are buying things with rupees, you are Emma Yes, I did. P I think it's just the wonder of the machine,
in India. Dad Do you want any breakfast? not work or pleasure, er ... it's simply
6 The first books were printed in China before Emma No, I don't. I'm not hungry. amazing.
800 AD. Dad Oh. Have you fed the cat? J Yes, I know what you mean. You watch your
7 The gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva are Emma Yes, I have. piece of paper going into the fax, and at the
worshipped in Hinduism. Dad Has the post come? same time, on the other side of the world it's
8 Michael Jackson's Thriller has sold more Emma No, it hasn't. coming out of somebody else's machine. It's
copies than any other. Dad OK. Are you going to be late tonight? incredible!
9 VIP stands for Very Important Person. Emma No, I'm not. I'll be back at the usual P That's it!
10 Ben Johnson didn't get the gold medal time. M But it never leaves you alone, though, that's
because he failed a drug test.
the problem. It never stops.
11 Abraham Lincoln was watching a play in the Tapescript 5 P Oh, possibly, yeah.
theatre when he was assassinated.
1 Is it hot today? M You're never alone ...
12 Brazil has won the World Cup four times.
2 Is it raining? P ... never alone with your fax ...
13 A butterfly has four wings. M ... with your fax machine. Well, this may be
14 If you are eating sushi, you are eating raw 3 Are you in class?
4 Arc you wearing a suit? very obvious, but talking about keeping in
fish and rice. touch with people a long way away, I... I'm
5 Do you usually come to school by bus?
6 Does your teacher smoke? still very, very impressed by planes, actually.
Tapescript 2a 7 Are you going out tonight? Especially jumbo jets. I think I'm slightly
The sun rises in the west. 8 Did you go out last night? obsessed by them.
It doesn't rise in the west! It rises in the eastl 9 Can you swim? J Yes. I can never understand how something
10 Do you like learning English? so very, very big can actually take off.
Tapescript 2b 11 Have you got a dictionary? M Absolutely!
12 Do you have any brothers and sisters? P Mmm. It is incredible to be able to get
(* means sample answer) almost anywhere in the world in less than
*a He doesn't come from Australia! He comes twenty-four hours.
from Italy! Tapescript 6 J I think we have to agree, though, that one of
*b She isn't wearing a swimming costume! She's J = John M = Martin P = Pam the greatest wonders of the modern world
wearing a dress! has to be the microchip, or the computer,
J Let me ask you two a question. You know
c They don't drive on the right! They drive on and all the technology that that's opening up.
the wonders of the ancient world were all
the left! I mean ; almost weekly there's some new
buildings. Well, what would your wonders of
*d She hasn't got ten sisters and brothers! She's amazing bit of technology that was
the modern world be? And don't ... don't
got two! necessarily think about buildings, think inconceivable five or ten years ago.
*e We didn't go to Iceland! We went to Spain! about things, you know, our way of life at P Yes. I think a lot of the things we're talking
*f 1 didn't have a huge breakfast! I just had a the end of the twentieth century. about are to do with communication, aren't
cup of coffee! they? The ways we can communicate with
M Well, I think for me definitely, what's
*g It won't snow tomorrow! It'll be sunny! each other, how much and how quickly. We
changed my life more than anything else is
h We aren't learning Chinese! We're learning could include the phone. The phone's pretty
the washing machine, er ..., I think it's ...
English! marvellous! It's the best invention ever! It has amazing.
*i I don't live in a palace! I live in a flat! extended human freedom, really! I think that J To sort of ... to take a slightly different view
*j It isn't made in Scotland! It's made in the free time it creates is incredible! of the question, wouldn't you say that one of
France! the wonders of our age is free time, actually
P Yes. It's very convenient, it's true ...
k Cats can't swim, but dogs can! having free time? Well, that's what you were
J No more taking your clothes to the river.
P ... but I think we wash our clothes more saying about washing machines.
Tapescript 3 often than necessary because we have the M Yes. Mmm, I, er ... yes. I think that has been
1 My sister's a teacher. machines to do it. So we fill that free time the great revolution. I just ... my fear is ...
2 She's on holiday at the moment. with more washing. that all these machines are beginning to erm
3 She's just come back from Greece. M Ah! That's interesting! ... attack people's free time. I think we are
4 She's been there for two weeks. P I... I... take your point about the washing losing our free time, because these machines
5 She's going back to work next week. machine, but. well I was thinking along that communicate with us never leave us
6 She's got three children. more, slightly sort of intellectual lines alone!
7 Her husband's a builder. perhaps ... P Mmm. Very philosophical. What you're
8 He's building a house. M Yeah, go on! saying is that, for every machine that comes

126 Tapescripts
 along to give us more free time, something much at the moment. I earn most money in
else comes along, possibly even the same spring and summer. But it's OK, I earn enough,
thing, to fill it. not enough to eat out often in expensive
M Exactly. restaurants or go to shows, but enough for my
10 See page 16
dog and my hobby. I'm a very happy man!
Tapescript 7 Tapescript 11
a bread head read (past) read (present) TapeSCript 13 See page 18
a 'Where does he live?'
b work fork talk walk 'In a detached house in the south of
c done phone son won
England.'
Tapescript 14
d paid made played said I = Interviewer SW = Sister Wendy
b 'What does he do?'
e good food wood stood
f ache 'He's an accountant.' 1 When did you become a nun. Sister Wendy?
break take weak
c 'How many children does he have?' SW When I was sixteen. Goodness, that's nearly
g dear hear pear near
h cows 'Two/ fifty years ago!
knows owes rose
d 'How does he relax after work?' I And where do you live?
'He watches television or a video.' SW In Norfolk. In a Carmelite monastery. Well.
Tapescript 8 e "How much does he spend per week?1 not actually in the monastery but in the
a castle e knock i psychology '£120 on average.' grounds. I have a caravan.
b bomb f foreign j grandma f 'What does he do at the weekend?' I Do you travel all round the world?
c sandwich g heart SW No, I don't. Just in Europe that's far
'He eats in restaurants, goes to see shows, or
d island h knowledge enough!
plays golf. Most weekends he potters in the
I Why do you think your art programmes are
garden.'
g 'How often docs he go on holiday abroad?' so popular?
Tapescript 9a 'More than once a year.'
SW I don't really know. I'm not sure why they're
popular. I feel that I look so silly, but
a 'Sorry I'm iate. I got held up in the traffic'
perhaps people find it funny to watch a silly
'Never mind. You're here now. Come and sit Tapescript 12 old nun!
down.'
Roger the gardener I Do you enjoy going on lour?
b 'Bye, Mum! I'm off to school now.'
SW Yes, I do. Of course 1 do. The tours are
'Take care, my love. Have a nice day!" D'you know the best thing that ever happened
really interesting and everybody enjoys a
c 'Have you heard that Jenny's going out with to me? D'you know what it was? It was when I
life of luxury now and then. I love good
Pete Boyd?' lost my last job. Yes, really! I never liked it
hated it in fact - stuck in an office all day with food and drink, but you know I'm happiest
'Really? I don't know what she sees in him.' on my own in my caravan.
d 'How long did it take you to do the computers and a telephone. Now my hobby is
my full-time job! 1 start work very early, er ... in I Do you watch yourself on television?
homework?' SW No, I don't! I look ridiculous. I never watch
summer I usually leave home about 5.30 in the
Ages. What about you?" if I can help it!
morning, but in winter not until about 8.00. I
e 'I don't know about you, but I'm fed up with I What are you doing with all the money
have a small van, and I carry all my tools and
this weather.' equipment in that. It's autumn now so I'm you're earning?
'Me, too. I'm just longing for some sunshine.' tidying the gardens - I'm picking up leaves and SW I'm using it to help the monastery. Some
f 'Who was that I saw you with last night?1 pulling up old summer flowers. Oh, and I'm new shower rooms are being built. That's
'Mind your own business!' planting bulbs as well. I'm planting lots of good, isn't it?
g 'I'm tired. I'm having next week off.' daffodils and tulips. Every season is so different,
'That's a good idea. The break will do you and I love them all. I just love working outside Tapescript 15
in the open air after all those years in a stuffy
1 Suzanne
h 'Right! Let's go for a ten-mile jog in the office. I never noticed the seasons there!
I love many sports, but best of all - skiing. I first
park!' After work I always go home and relax in a hot
skied when I was six years old, and lived in
'You must be joking!' bath. I have a flat in London but most of my
Canada, and then for many years, in fact
i 'Let me buy you a drink.' work is outside of London, in the suburbs. I'm
decades. I wasn't able to ski again because I was
'No, no. It's my round. What would you not married but I live with my girlfriend, Fiona.
living in hot places. But since I've been living in
I usually cook our evening meal because she gets
like?' England, I've resumed skiing and it's even better
home from work after me. She's a graphic
j 'Shall we meet this afternoon at 3.00?' than it was. For me now the place to ski is the
designer and earns a lot of money, much more
'Sorry. I can't make it then. What about a bit Alps, and particularly France. 1 live in England
than me! She earns more but I think I enjoy my
later?' and the winters are gloomy, and there's not
work more.
k 'What a fantastic coat! Was it expensive?' much sun, so one of the wonderful things about
'It cost an absolute fortune!' At weekends we often drive into the country skiing for me, is the light and the brilliant
and go to antique shops and antique sales. I sunshine that you find high, high up in the
mountains. A lot of other people like it. loo, and
Tapescript 9b collect old radios, you see. We don't have a
it can be rather crowded, especially around the
television! Can you believe it? Everybody has
1 I'm having Friday and Monday off work lifts because you now have mechanical lifts that
one these days but we don't! Yes, er ..., er ... I
next week. We're going away. take you zooming up, flying up the mountains
collect old radios and Fiona collects old cookery
2 I'll see you at about 7.00. books. We take our dog, we have a lovely dog. like a god. whereas in Canada I had to walk up
3 This weather's depressing, isn't it? and we like taking her on long walks. I've just if I wanted to ski down.
4 Hey! Nice jeans! bought two 1930s radios and I'm cleaning them The equipment you need ... skis, and boots,
5 Sorry I'm late. I overslept. and mending them. All my radios work, you and poles. Many people own their own
6 Alan's going to invite Suzie to the party next know! I never play any sports. Is this unusual? equipment but I hire mine in the resort. I do
week.
I think there is only one problem with my have my own clothes though, and clolhcs are
7 For your homework tonight I want you to
job. It's seasonal, so I don't earn much in the very important because skiing is quite a fashion-
learn one hundred new words.
autumn and winter, so er ... I'm not earning conscious sport. Also, it's necessary to have

Tapescripts 127
clothes that will protect you because the M Yes, I've played for South West England B OK, thanks. Listen, I'm phoning to ask
weather can be very severe. You need a ski-suit, and we've got through to the semi-finals of you to a party.
a hat, goggles to protect your eyes, socks, different England tournaments, and for A Oh, that's nice. Is it your hundredth
mittens, and a rucksack is useful to carry Wessex, my other volleyball team, we've birthday already?
around your bits and pieces. Now at this point actually won a few tournaments. So yes, I B Ha, ha. No, it's our wedding
anniversary, actually. Rosemary and I
1 have to confess that I am not the world's have done quite well.
want to have a little party.
greatest skier. I would say I am a respectable I Oh well done! What sort of equipment do A That sounds lovely When is it?
skier, I'm a safe skier, but that doesn't stop you you need? B The eighteenth, at about three o'clock.
having a wonderful time. Also, there is the M Well, first of all you need the ball and the Can you make it?
social life that is such an important part of net, and obviously the court ... but you may A Hold on. Let me have a look. Yes, that
skiing. You can eat and drink as much as you also need knee pads and your volleyball kit. seems fine. I really look forward to it.
want because you know you're burning it all I OK ... knee pads because you fall on your B That's great. See you then.
off. And then at the end of the day there's the knees a lot? A Bye, Tony. Thanks.
evening, food and wine with friends and B Bve!
M Yes ... 'cos you ... when diving and things
everybody talking about their excitements like that ...
during the day. I love it! I Diving?
2 Dorothy M Diving ... yeah. UNIT 3
I'm an elderly lady of eighty-three and I've I It sounds like swimming. That means
always been interested in kecp-fit, yoga and jumping to catch the ball?
M Yeah, jumping to get a ball up in the air.
Tapescript 17
anything to keep myself mobile, and er ... two
years ago, I joined a little club run by the I Yes. all right. So how often do you play The Bald Knight
Salvation Army, where about eighteen of us volleyball then Martin? Once upon a time, a long time ago. there was a
meet together and we go through all our M Well during the season, which is about knight who, as he grew older, lost all his hair.
movements with music - it's very enjoyable. September to June, I play twice a week. One He became as bald as an egg. He didn't want
Needless to say, T am the eldest one there, but of those is training, and one of those is a anyone to see his bald head so he bought a
I'm able to do most of the exercises, when I feel match. And during the summer I play beach beautiful, black, curly wig.
OK. When I've got a bad bout of sciatica, I've volleyball, but that's only once a week. One day some lords and ladies from the castle
got to ease up a bit. invited him to go hunting with them, so of
How often? I go once a week on a Thursday 16a Seepage23 course heput on his beautiful wig. 'How
for ..., oh we exercise for about ihree quarters handsome I look!' he though! to himself as he
of an hour, and then we end up with having a Tapescript 16b was dressing in front of his mirror. Then he set
nice lunch, which is always very good, and that off happily for the forest.
1 A When do you go away on holiday?
is at the Salvation Army Hall in Branksome. However, a terrible thing happened. He was
B On the fifteenth. We're flying. The flight
Who with? Lots of my friends: I have made takes nine and a half hours. riding along, singing merrily to himself when he
friends since joining because I was a complete A And when are you back? passed under an oak tree, and his wig caught on
stranger when I went there but now there's a lot B On the twenty-fourth. I'll give you a ring a branch and fell off in full view of everyone.
of people I can call my friends. And for this when we're back. How they all laughed at him! At first the poor
keep-fit we just wear a leotard with a nice bright A OK. knight felt very foolish but then he saw the
yellow top and feel very smart. And across the 2 And now the business news. This month funny side of the situation, and he started
top it says, 'Branksome is fighting fit". And am inflation is up 1.5%. This produces an laughing, too.
I good at it? Well - / think I am ... and the annual figure of 9%. Unemployment has They were all still laughing when they arrived
instructress tells me. or tells the others rather, also risen. An estimated two and three back at the castle. The knight never wore his
that I am an example to the rest of them. quarter million people are out of work. wig again.
3 A Hello. Odeon Cinema. The moral of this story is: When people laugh
3 I = Interviewer M = Martin B Hello. Can I book a seat for tonight's at us, it is best to laugh with them.
I So Martin, what sports do you play? film?
M I play football, volleyball, tennis, and table A Certainly. Do you want to pay now or
tennis but volleyball is my favourite game as later? Tapescript 18
B I can pay by credit card, can't I? 1 arrived 5 started 9 laughed
it's a team game and you can play it with
A Yes, sir. The seats are six pounds each. 2 cooked 6 lived 10 danced
your friends, and enjoy it as a team. There's no booking fee. 3 wanted 7 travelled 11 listened
I Is it quite a fast game as well? B OK. It's a Visa card, number 4929 502 4 finished 8 visited 12 invited
M Yeah. It is a fast game and that's another 428 508.
reason why I enjoy it. A Expiry date?
I How exciting ... B 04/99. Tapescript 19
M Yes. A That's fine. Your tickets will be ready for A life story
I Where do you play, then? you tonight. The programme starts at 7.45.
B Thanks. Bye. They met and fell in love while they were
M I play at local sports centres more during
4 A Hey! I like those shoes. Where did you working together in Malaysia.
the winter and sort of play in tournaments
get them? They got married during the Second World War.
around England. I also, in the summer, play
B In Ravel's. They had their first son while they were living
beach volleyball.
A How much, if you don't mind my in Hong Kong.
I Is beach volleyball different from the asking? They lived in Hong Kong for five years.
volleyball you play in the centres? B £39.99. They're having a sale at the They had five more sons when they returned to
M Yes, it's a very different game. Instead of six moment. Everything's half price. Britain.
players on a team, it's only two players. A That's really good.
They sent their sons to boarding school while
I You mentioned you played in tournaments 5 A Hello. 4887621. they were working abroad.
- now do you do quite well in the B Hello, Tony. It's Lionel.
They lived in six different countries during their
tournaments? A Hello, Lionel. How are things?
marriage.

128 Tapescripts
They were happily married tor over forty-five bent, she had long, straggly grey hair, and 4 'Do you like Ben Brown's novels?'
years. dirty old torn clothes. The smell was ... 'I didn't like his last one, but I couldn't put
My grandfather died during the summer of J But ..., but the worst thing were the his latest one down until the last chapter.'
1991. bandages! 5 'What do you think of their children?'
L Oh. yes! She had bandages on her wrists 'I think they spoil them. They always give
Tapescript 20 and round her legs ... them whatever they want.'
J ... yes both legs. And these bandages 6 'What was your holiday like?'
The Farmer and his Sons looked as if they had been on her for weeks, Tt was a good break, but the weather
There was once an old. dying farmer who had They were grey, and absolutely covered in wasn't very good.'
worked hard in his vineyard all his life. Before he blood, 7 'What did you think of Hannah Smart?'
died he wanted to teach his three sons how to L Goodness knows what she'd done to 'She's usually very good but I don't think
be good farmers. So he called them to him and herself, but the wounds obviously hadn't she was right for this part.'
said, 'My boys, before I die I want you to know healed.
8 'What was the match like?'
that there is a great treasure buried in the J And under one arm she was carrying a cat. 'It was really exciting, especially when
vineyard. Promise me that you will look for it and in her other hand there was a large Smith scored in the closing minutes.'
when I am dead.' glass of whisky! She could hardly stand up
The sons promised and as soon as their father straight!
had died, they began looking for the treasure.
They worked very hard in the hot sun and all
L Yes, she was swaying from side to side,
spilling her whisky, wasn't she? Anyway, she UNIT4
the time as they were working they wondered asked us in, so we tried to hide how
what their father had left for them. In their terrified we were, and we followed her in.
minds they pictured boxes of gold coins, The house was so old and dark and dirty ...
Tapescript 25
diamond necklaces and other such things. Soon J ... and it absolutely stank of cats. There I = Interviewer M = Megan L = Laura
they had dug up every inch of the vineyard. But were cats everywhere. Up the curtains, on I What are some of the good things about
they found not a single penny. They were very the bookshelves, on the stairs ... It was being a teenager, not an adult?
upset. They felt (hat all their hard work had been unbelievable. And when she was leading us M Um ... well, you don't have to go out to
for nothing. Bui then the grapes started to upstairs, suddenly two huge dogs, really work, for a start.
appear on the vines and their grapes were the huge dogs, the size of horses, came charging L And you don't have to pay bills. You can go
biggest and best in the neighbourhood, and out of a room and nearly knocked us over! out with your friends, go shopping, go to
they sold them for a lot of money. L So you can imagine how we were starting to the cinema.
Now they understood what their father had feel. Like, do you really have to stay here? M But 1 always have to tell my Mum and Dad
meant by the great treasure, and they lived At New Year? And pay for it? where I'm going first.
happily and wealthily ever after. L So do I. Another thing is we don't have to
J But the worst was still to come. When we
The moral of this story is: Hard work brings its got to the rooms, we couldn't believe it. All do the housework and the washing and
own reward. the furniture was broken, there were no' cleaning, and all that stuff, which is really
curtains ... boring.
L It was absolutely freezing. There was no M One problem is that you never have enough
Tapescript 21 heating apart from one little electric fire for money. We get some money from our
1 "I went to the airport but I couldn't catch the whole place. In fact, there was only one parents, but it's never enough. You aren't
the plane.' power point, so you had to make a choice. allowed to buy what you want.
'Oh dear! Had you forgotten your You could either have the television, or the I What do think it's like being an adult?
passport?' lamp, or the fire, but you couldn't have L Well, adults have to worry about bills and
2 'I was homesick while I was living in more than one. looking after their family. They can't do
New York.' J We just looked at each other and knew that what they want when they want.
'Poor you! Had you never lived abroad we couldn't stay. i They have responsibilities, you mean?
before?' I So what did you do? L Yeah. I feel more sorry for my Mum. She's
3 'I met my girlfriend's parents last Sunday.' J Well, we didn't even try to be polite. always rushing around and she has to go to
'Oh! Hadn't you met them before?' L We just said that it really wasn't what we work as well. She doesn't have to work on
4 'My grandfather had two sons from his first wanted and we couldn't possibly stay there, Thursdays and Fridays, but she has loads of
and left. different things to do in a day, like
marriage.'
J The lady said we'd lose our deposit ... shopping, er ... cooking, taking me to
•Really? I didn't know he'd been married
L A £10 deposit ... which was cheap at the dancing and swimming.
before.'
price, I'll tell you! I So do you think your Dad has the easier life?
5 '1 told everyone the good news.'
J And we just ran! L Well, I don't know. He has to work full-
"Hadn't they heard it already?'
time, and he drives over a thousand miles a
6 'As soon as I saw him I knew something
was wrong.'
Tapescript 24 week, but he doesn't have to do anything in
the house. When he gets in at 7.30,
'Oh dear! What had happened?' 1 'Did you like the film?' everything's been done!
'It was excellent. Have you seen it yet? It
I Um, tell me about school. What are some
Tapescript 22 stars Anthony Hopkins and Emma
of the school rules?
Thompson.'
Music from The Entertainer M Huh! We have to wear a stupid school
2 'What did you think of the play?' uniform, and we're not allowed to wear
Tt was so boring I fell asleep in the first white socks, they have to be black. We can't
Tapescript 23 act.' wear make-up, and we aren't allowed to
J = Jack L = Liza I = Interviewer 3 'Did you enjoy your pizzas?' chew gum!
J And it was really frightening, wasn't it? 'They were delicious. John had tomato and L And if you break one of the rules, you get a
L Well, yes, it was like something out of a mozzarella topping and I had ham and Fridav afternoon detention!
horror movie. This woman was so thin and mozzarella.'

Tapescripts 129
Tapescript 26 I And did you have to do much homework? hall. Then we must spray it all with water to
B Homework? No we never got homework. show that we welcome guests with cleanliness.
Bert Atkins talks about his I don't remember any homework. We didn't The guests usually bring presents and when
school days have to do any. The teachers never thought they give you the present they say, 'I'm sorry
I = Interviewer B = Bert about it. I think they'd had enough of us this is such a small present', but in fact they
after each day. They didn't want more work! have chosen the present very carefully. When
I When did you start school, Bert? the meal is ready the hostess says, 'We have
I So were your schooldays the happiest days
B Weil, ... er, I was born in 1919 and I started nothing special for you today but you are
of your life?
school when I was five, so that was 1924. welcome to come this way' You can see that in
B Ooh no! Never. I don't think I had an
It was just a little village school, only 20 of Japan you should try to be modest and you
education really. The happiest time of my
us in all. I don't think it had a name, we should not show off too much. If you don't
life was when I was in India during the war.
just called il 'The Little School'. And we understand our culture you will think this is
It's the only time I've been abroad.
stayed there till we were ten, and then we very strange.
moved to 'The Big Boys School' in the next
village. I don't think that had a name either, TapeSCript 27a Seepage37 When we have foreign guests we try to serve
it was always just 'The Big Boys School' traditional Japanese meals like sushi, tempura,
or sukiyaki but when we have Japanese guests,
I And what can you remember about your Tapescript 27b we serve all kinds of food such as spaghetti.
first school? M = Mum ,1 = Jim Chinese food, or steaks. When guests leave, the
B Well, you know the first thing they taught host and hostess see them out of the house and
us. all of us, boys and girls? The very first M You must look after your money.
J Yes. Mum! 1 will. wait until their car turns the corner of the
thing they taught us ... was knitting. It street; they wait until they can't see them any
\1 You mustn't go out when it's dark.
seems strange, doesn't it? But we all had to more.
J No, Mum! I won't.
learn to knit. We couldn't learn to read and
\1 You must make sure you eat well. 2 Rosa
write till we'd learnt to knit!
J Yes, Mum! 1 will. I come from Spain. At home what we love
I Why was that? Was there a reason?
M You must phone us if you're in trouble. most is going out to eat in bars and
B Oh yes, there was a reason all right. You
J Yes. Mum! I will. restaurants. There is a big choice and we can go
see, we all had to knit our own cloth to
M You mustn't talk to strangers. from one bar to another trying different things
clean our slate. We weren't allowed to use
J No. Mum! I won't. and having a few drinks, usually wine or beer.
paper and pencils, at least not until we were
M You mustn't drink too much beer. But sometimes we also like to invite people to
seven years old. They were too expensive, so
J No. Mum! I won't. our home.
we had to use chalk and a slate for the first
two years. So you see it was a good idea, VI You must have a bath regularly. I usually invite my friends for an informal
knitting a cloth. I think that's what I J Yes, Mum! 1 will. meal. I cook Spanish omelette, which is made
remember most about the Little School. VI You mustn't go anywhere that's dangerous. with potatoes, onions and eggs, fried in olive
J No, Mum! I won't. oil. Then we have things like cheese, ham -
I And when you were ten you moved to the
Big Boys? Did you have to take any exams Spanish ham is very different from English
to go there? Tapescript 28a ham. and if you buy the best one. called Jabugi
B Oh no, I don't remember any exams. When J = Jim A = Anthony is something delicious, worth trying. And then
you were ten you just started walking to the things like olives, anchovies, mussels. We drink
J I think we should take our travellers' wine or beer. Some people may bring a bottle
next village to T h e Big Boys'. There was no cheques in American dollars.
transport, you see, you had to walk. It was of wine or something for pudding. We usually
A I don't think we should go to Thailand in meet late in the evening, about eight thirty or
about four miles. I didn't get a bike till I September because it's the rainy season.
was fourteen, and of course I'd left school nine. Of course we dress casually: we just want
by then. You had to leave at fourteen in to be relaxed and comfortable, and talk and
those days. Tapescript 28b laugh together.
I And what about 'The Big Boys'? Did you J I think we should take plenty of suncream. 3 Leslie
enjoy it? It'll be really hot. I'm from the United States. Sometimes when
B Ooh. in the beginning I was terrified. There A 1 think we should buy a book called See the our family gets together with other families, we
were so many really big boys, and the World on $25 a Day. It'll have some good have what's called a 'pot luck supper', which
teachers were really strict. You had to ideas about where to go and where to stay. can take place in the evening or even at
behave in 'The Big Boys'! J I don't think we should put too much in lunchtime. This is an informal occasion held
I What did you have to do? our backpacks. We won't be able to carry it perhaps in someone's garden, so people dress
B Well, we had to stand behind our desks at all. casually but nicely. Invitations can be written
the start of every lesson, we weren't allowed A I don't think we should take anything or made by phone, and each person is asked to
to talk at all in class, ever, well ... er, only if valuable. We might lose it. bring a dish of food. They're given a choice of
the teacher asked a question. The J I think we should go to Australia first. I've starter, main course, salad or vegetable, or
headmaster. Tom Bevan he was called - we got some friends there who'll put us up. dessert. The hostess knows how many of each
called him Bossy Bevan. He was really A I think we should go to Indonesia by boat. kind of dish she needs but not exactly what the
strict, we were terrified of him, terrified. It'll be cheaper than flying. guests will bring. This is why it's called 'pot
Once he hit a boy so hard he broke his nose. J I don't think we should wait too long before luck', as it's a lovely surprise, holding a dinner
But he never hit me, no. The worst we go. I want to get started. party and not knowing what you're going to
punishment I got was writing lines after feed your guests. As the guests arrive, they put
school, and that was for coming late. In the Tapescript 29 their dish, or pot as it used to be called, on the
winter, it was, and in all the snow and I table and the meal is served buffet-style, and
1 Sumie drinks are provided, although some guests
arrived ten minutes late. Huh .... I had to
write one hundred times, "I must leave home In my country, Japan, usually we invite guests might bring a bottle of wine as a present.
early. I must not arrive late.' One hundred home at the weekend, in the early evening,
about seven o'clock. Before they come, we must I really enjoy this kind of entertaining; it's a
times. But I was never hit, never.
tidy the front garden and clean the entrance fun, relaxed way of getting together with
friends.

130 Tapescripts
Tapescript 30 Tapescript 34 Tapescript 36a
a 'Could you fill it up, please?' 1 A Well, darling. It's our big day soon. The Geography of the
'Sure. Shall I check the oil as well?' B I know. I can't wait. I hope the weather's
good. British Isles
b 'Could I have the bill, please?'
A Yes, it makes such a difference, doesn't it? The British Isles can be divided into two, not
'Certainly, sir. I'll bring it straight away' B The church is looking beautiful. only because of its geography but also because
c 'It's a present. Do you think you could gift- A And the hotel is getting ready for the of its climate and agriculture. If you draw a line
wrap it for me?' reception. from about the Bristol Channel to the Wash,
'Yes, indeed. I'll just take the price off.' B And then there's our honeymoon. then to the south of this line there are mainly
d 'Two lagers, please.' A In Bali.
low lands and hills, and to the north there are
'Halves or pints?' B Ah!
higher lands and mountains. This includes the
e 'Can you tell me the code for Paris?' 2 A How many people are coming?
Welsh Mountains, the Highlands of north-west
B About twenty or thirty.
'One moment. I'll just look it up.' Scotland, and the Pcnnines, which is a range of
A What have we got to eat and drink?
f 'I'll give you a lift if you like," B Caviar and champagne. What else could mountains that runs north to south, and is
'That's great. Would you drop me at the anyone ask for? known as the backbone of England. It is wetter
station?' A Let's move all the furniture out of this in the north because of the higher land, and
g 'Would you mind opening the window?' room. drier and sunnier in the south. This has an effect
'Not at all. It's very stuffy in here.' B So people can dance, you mean'? on the agriculture, of course. To the north there
h 'Could I have extension 2387, please?' A Yeah. Good idea? are sheep and cows because the grass grows so
B Fine. well, and to the south there are arable farms
'I'm afraid the line's engaged at the moment. 3 A Have you packed the books and the growing crops and cereal.
Do you want to hold?' pictures from the living room?
B Yes. And all the kitchen things arc packed,
Tapescript 31 too. Tapescript 36b
1 A So anyway, I said to him that I really A That's it, then. What time are the removal
The South West of England is famous for its
didn't think it was right to change the men coming?
B Early, I hope. About 7.00 in the morning. beautiful countryside and dramatic coastline.
arrangements without letting everyone One particular area of natural beauty is
know ... A Good! It's a long drive to our new house.
and it's right in the middle of the Dartmoor, which is inhabited by wild ponies.
B Sorry to interrupt, darling, but I think The countryside in the South East is more
the baby's crying. Do you think you countryside. Do you think the driver will
find it OK? gentle, and there is a lot of fruit-growing. It is
could just go and see if she's all right?
And perhaps give her some milk? Ooh. B Don't worry. I've told him to follow our also the most heavily populated part of Britain.
and check her nappy? car. Oh, I can't wait to be there. East Anglia is very fiat, and is famous for its
A And I can't wait to get the baby's room vast fields of wheat and potatoes. The Midlands
2 A Yes. madam. Can I help you? ready.
B Yes, I bought these here two days ago used to have a lot of heavy industry, but much
B Tom if it's a boy and Natalie if it's a girl. of this has disappeared over recent years. Wales
and the heel's broken. Can you change It's so exciting! A new home and a new
them? is characterized by its mountains in the north
baby in the same month!
A Oh, dear. I'm so sorry. I'll just see if and its valleys in the south. In the North Wesr
we've got another pair for you. of England there is the beautiful Lake District,
3 A Turn that wretched music down, will you? Tapescript 35 and the cities of Liverpool and Manchester. The
Or better still, turn it off! S = Nina Kendle's secretary North East used to have a lot of mining and
B Oh, all right. A = Alan Middleton ship building, but not any more, unfortunately.
4 A I think we need an advertising campaign Scotland is famous for its lakes, of course,
on television and in the press. I really S Hello. Nina Kendle's office.
known as lochs. The moors and mountains are
want to push this project, John. Would A Hello. Could I speak to Nina Kendle, please?
beautiful and empty. Ireland is famed for its
you mind looking after the newspapers, This is Alan Middleton. rains and its rich green grass, its romance and its
and I'll deal with the television? Is that S I'm afraid she's out at the moment. She's mists.
all right? visiting a factory.
B Mm, fine. Er ... when shall we start? A I see. What time will she be back in the
5 A Anita, will you come here a minute? office? Tapescript 37
Could you get me the file on sales in S I'm not sure. I don't know how long she's
France? 1 just need to check something. going to stay there. The Weather Forecast
Oh, and Anita, I'd love a cup of coffee, if A All right. What about lunch-time? Is she free And now here's the weather forecast for the next
that's at all possible.
then? twenty-four hours. I'll divide the country into
B Yes, Mr Parkinson.
S Just one moment. 17/check. No, she's having four, starting with the North West and the
6 A I'm awfully sorry to bother you. I'm sure
lunch with a designer. North East of England. Well, there'll be some
people are always asking you this as
you're always standing here selling your A Till what time? Do you know? early morning mists, and after that it'll be
newspapers, but you wouldn't have S Erm ... Well, she's seeing a customer here in mainly dry and sunny, but quite chilly, with
change for a five-pound note, would you? her office at 2.00. temperatures around six or seven. It should stay
It's for the phone box. A Ah! So when's a good time to try again? dry all day, but there'll be quite a wind, so wrap
B Here you are, S Any time after 2,30. up warm.
A Oh, that's terribly kind. A Are you sure? And now the South West and Wales. You
S Definitely. She 7/ be in her office for the rest can expect some rain in the morning and
of the afternoon. afternoon. There might be some storms, as well,
UNIT 5 A OK. 17/ phone back then. Thank you. with thunder and lightning. There'll be quite
S That's all right. Goodbye. strong winds, and the temperature will be lower
than yesterday, around three or four degrees. I
32 Seepage 45 don't think you'll see much of the sun. Cloudy
all day, I'm afraid.
33 See page 45 The South East, the Midlands, and East

Tapescripts 131
Anglia will see the best of today's weather. It'll
be warmer than yesterday, no winds, and
UNIT 6 up before we caught the plane last week. It was a
lovely evening, and we enjoyed meeting your
sunshine nearly all day, with temperatures friends, Pete and Sarah. We managed to get to
around ten or eleven, so quite warm for the lime the airport with plenty of time to spare. We even
of year.
Tapescript 41 tried to get an earlier flight, but it wasn't
In Scotland and Northern Ireland, however, A = Anna N = Nina possible.
there'll be heavy rain and maybe some snow A My French exchange visitor came yesterday. We had a wonderful holiday in Spain. We just
during the afternoon, and on the hills N What's her name? loved driving through the countryside, and we
temperatures will drop to below freezing, minus A Marie-Ange. often stopped to walk round a mountain village.
four or five, and on the highest spots minus ten. N What a pretty name! What's she like? We met our friends, Bill and Sue. and they
Over much of Scotland it will be cloudy, and A She's really nice. I'm sure we'll get on really invited us to have a meal with them. They
windy, too, as the cold front moves in over the well. We seem to have a lot in common. wanted us to stay with them, but we couldn't, as
Atlantic. Northern Ireland can expect the same, N Why do you say that? What does she like we had already booked a hotel.
but the rain will end before dark. But again, very doing?
cold, with temperatures not going above A Well, she likes dancing, and so do I, And we The weather was fantastic. The sun didn't stop
freezing. And that's all from me. both like tennis and listening to music. .shining all the time we were there. Leaving Spain
N That sounds great. I saw you with someone was very sad. It made me want to cry.
38 See pages 51-53 this morning. Was it Maric-Ange? What does Anyway, we're looking forward to hearing from
she look like? you, and hope to see you soon. Let us know if
A She's quite tall, and she's got long, dark hair. you're ever in the area. You must call in.
Tapescript 39 Best wishes, Sandra
N No, it wasn't her, then. Now, we're all going
I would like to reserve some rooms at your hotel. out tomorrow, aren't we? Shall we go for a
We are arriving in Alicante on 28 July. We hope
to stay for ten nights leaving on 7 August. My
pizza, or shall we go to the cinema? What Tapescript 44
would she like to do? 1
The teacher told me to do my homework.
husband and I would like a double room, A Urn, I'll ask her tonight and tell you
preferably with a balcony. Our two teenage 2
I promised to do it carefully.
tomorrow. By the way, someone told me your 3
I finished painting my kitchen yesterday.
daughters require a twin room. We understand
Mum's not very well. What's the matter? 4
The baby continued to cry until his mother
that all your bedrooms are en-suite. Could you
How is she? picked him up.
confirm this? Is it possible to have rooms with a
N Oh, she's OK. She's had a bad sore throat,
sea view? Please let me know if you have rooms 5 [ can't stand queuing. It drives me mad. It's
available for these dates. I would also be grateful that's all, but it's getting better now. such a waste of time.
if you could tell me the price of each room. I A Oh, it's not too bad, then. 6 Please don't forget to post my letter. It's
look forward to hearing from you. terribly important.
Tapescript 42 7 I refuse to lend you another penny! You'll
1 He's very nice, actually. You'd really like him, just spend it on the horses!
Tapescript 40 8 I usually choose to have my holidays in
He's the kind of person you can always go to
a 'No, no! He said turn left at the pub, not with a problem. winter because we all like skiing.
right!' 9 Excuse me. I just need to go to the loo. I
2 She is not very well. Still got a temperature,
'Look! You drive and I'll navigate from now won't be a minute.
and a cough that she can't get rid of.
on! Right?' 10 I hate shopping for clothes. They never have
3 She loves riding her horse, Blackey. She's
b 'Can you take us to Euston Station, please?' my size.
mad about horses. They're her greatest
'Yes, of course. Hop in!' 11 She agreed to lend us her flat while she was
passion. She lives for horses from morning
c 'I'll get a couple of coffees from the buffet away.
till night.
car.1 12 She just asked us to look after the plants and
4 It isn't very nice, actually. It's raining, it's
'Would you mind getting me a sandwich as water them every day.
cold, and it's pretty miserable. What about
well?' 13 How will you manage to pay all your bills if
where you are?
d 'Excuse me, I think you'll find those seats you have no money in your bank account?
5 Mmm ... a bit like you, actually. She's got
facing the front are ours.'
the same build, about the same height, but
'I'm terribly sorry. We didn't notice that they your hair is longer and straighter than hers. Tapescript 45
were reserved.' Other than that, you two are pretty similar. a 'What is Anna's brother like?'
e 'Excuse me, are we landing on time?1
6 He's fine. Very happy since he met a French 'Well, he is certainly tall, dark and
'Yes. We're beginning our descent soon.' handsome, but I didn't enjoy meeting him at
girl called Valerie. Those two are inseparable.
f 'Do you think it'll be a rough crossing?' all. He is even ruder than she is!'
7 She's quite good-looking. The kind of girl
'Well, the forecast is good, so it should be b 'What was your meal like?'
you go for. But she's a bit too serious for me.
very smooth.' You know, politics, literature, human rights, 'Ugh! It was awful. The pizza was disgusting.
g 'Two to the British Museum, please. And things like that. We were absolutely starving, but we still
could you possibly tell us when it's our stop?" couldn't eat it!'
: 8 It was great. Really relaxing. Lots of
One pound eighty, please. Just sit near me c 'Did you have a good time in Amsterdam?'
sunshine, good food. We did nothing but sit
and I'll give you a shout.' 'Excellent, thank you. There's so much to do.
next to the pool and read books for a whole
h 'Which line is it for Oxford Circus?' It's a really exciting city. And there are so
two weeks.
'The Jubilee Line to Green Park. Then many people from all over the world: it's
9 I like all sorts, but I suppose I like
change to the Victoria Line.' even more cosmopolitan than London.'
biographies and detective stories best.
i 'That's all right, you can keep the change.' d 'Mmm! These courgettes are delicious. Did
'Thanks a lot. Do want a hand with those you grow them yourselves?'
Tapescript 43
'Yes, we did. Ail our vegetables are home-
Dear Dennis grown.
We just wanted to say thank you for putting us

132 Tapescripts
Tapescript 46a I Did you make many friends? their holidays are important, their gardens
S Well, that's what's interesting, really. We are important, their dogs are important, but
Sheila and Bob talking about made more friends in our two years there for Americans, work is the most important
New York than we have after two years of living back thing in our lives. You know, holidays seem
I = Interviewer B = Bob S = Sheila here near London. I think Americans are to be longer here, and around Christmas
more ... open, they ... you know, they and New Year the whole country closes
I How long did you live in the States? speak their minds, so if they don't like down for two weeks!
B We were there for two years, in New York. something, well, they actually tell you I Oh, come on!
I And did you enjoy it? directly. Not like the British, who might T It's true! We Americans are like the
S Oh, tremendously. We had a wonderful time, think one thing and say another. So maybe Japanese in this respect. We live to work.
B Yeah, what we liked best was that we could the British are ruder than the Americans! I So you don't like London very much!
work and yet still lead a normal life. I mean,
T Oh, you would think so from what I'm
the shops are open till ten o'clock.
I All shops? Tapescript 46b saying, wouldn't you? No, in fact I really
love it here. I go home once a year and I
S Yes, everything. Food shops, chemists ... Terry talking about London really look forward to coming back here.
B There's even a huge department store called This is my home now. I find life safer, more
I = Interviewer T = Terry
Gimbles on 86th Street that was open relaxed, and much more enjoyable. The
till nine o'clock. I So, Terry. You've been in London quite a
Underground isn't very clean but at least
S And some supermarkets are open twenty- long time now.
you can use it and feel safe. And your taxi
four hours a day. Most shops don't open as T Mmm.
drivers are wonderful! They tell you their life
early as in England, well, they don't open I What differences do you notice between the
stories and know every street in London.
until about erm ... 10 or 11 in the morning. two countries?
Maybe I've gotten into English habits!
B Yes, that's right. T Obviously the biggest difference is the England doesn't have the dramatic beauty of
S Because they all work much later. And people. The average Englishman is ... mmm the States, but oh, it ... it's very pretty and
everything's open on Sundays. ... cold and not very open. charming in a way that I find comforting.
B And the holidays, the public holidays are I Oh!
much shorter than here, and in the States T In the States it's very different. We start
only the banks are shut. Everything else conversations with people in the street. 47 Seepage63
stays open, so it makes life much easier. You We're a lot more enthusiastic and
could do what you liked when you liked. spontaneous than people here. You know,
I I see, erm ... Do you think New York is as when I first came, I couldn't understand UNIT7
cosmopolitan as London? what was wrong, but now I see that I was
S Oh, yes, but it's not as mixed. Nationalities trying to be too friendly too soon.
stay in their own areas; like there's the I But um, tell me, do the English improve as Tapescript 48
Russian section ... you get to know them? I = Interviewer N = Nancy Mann
B ... the German section. We were in German T Oh yes!
I Who do you work for at the moment, Ms
Town, York Town, which is called German I Oh, good!
Mann?
Town. And there was a row of German T Once you've made a friend, it's a friend for
N Um, I work for the BBC World Service.
shops, all German-speaking. life, but it takes a very long time. I'll tell you
I Ah, and how long have you worked for the
S I think the major difference was the height something that I think is very important.
English people in America are respected. BBC?
of the place. Everything was up. We lived on N I've been with the BBC for five years. Yes,
the twenty-ninth floor. Everyone wants to talk to them. We're
inquisitive, we love the accent. But exactly five years.
B Yes, and I worked on the sixty-third floor. I And how long have you been their German
S Yes, but I like heights. And of course Americans in England are thought to be a
little inferior because they get excited by correspondent?
everything is faster. And the people arc N For two years.
much ruder. everything. They think everything is so
'cute'. One thing I've learned - it's funny I And what did you do before the BBC?
I Oh! In what ways? N I worked as an interpreter for the EU.
now, but it wasn't at the time - I couldn't
B Well, pushing in the street, fights about
understand why. when I was talking to I As you know, this job is based in Geneva.
getting on the bus. People don't queue like
someone, they would move away, you know, Have you ever lived abroad before?
they do in England. And of course the taxi
move backwards. I thought, 'Do I smell? N Oh yes, yes 1 have.
drivers! New York taxi drivers must be the
Am I boring?" The reason was. you see. I And when did you live abroad?
rudest in the world! Americans themselves
Americans stand closer when they're talking. N Well, in fact, I was born in Argentina and I
are really friendly but the taxi drivers never
speak. And they don't seem to know where I Ah, that's interesting. What about your lived there until I was eleven. Also, I lived
anything is. 1 asked one of them to take me impressions of living here? How does that and worked in Brussels for two years when
to the Guggenheim Museum once and he compare with the States? I was working for the EU.
was really angry with me because he'd never T Well, mmm ... I think life's a lot easier in I Mmm ... That's interesting. Have you
heard of it! the States. It's easier to make money and it's travelled much?
easier to spend it. Shops are open all the N Oh yes, yes indeed. I've travelled all over
I He angry with you? Are all American taxi
drivers like that? time over there. When I first came to western and eastern Europe, and I 've also
S Oh, yes. Well, in New York, anyway. Not so England you had to race to reach the been to many parts of South America.
much in other places. When we went to supermarket before 5.30, but this has I Mmm ... And why did you go to these
California it was very different. changed. Some shops are open later now, places?
and on Sundays, but they arc still harder to N Well, mostly for pleasure, but three years
B Yes, I think we were aware that New York is
quite a dangerous place. We never had any find than in the States. ago I went back to Argentina to cover
problems ourselves at all, but when there 1 Yeah. But it is a lot better than it was. various political stories in Buenos Aires for
was a crime, it was horrendous. T Sure. And another thing is Americans work the BBC.
S Oh, yes. The subways are unusable. They're a lot harder than you do here. To the
dirty, uncomfortable. English, their private lives are important,

Tapescripts 133
Tapescript 49 worked for Courtaulds for over forty years. Tapescript 52
Can you believe that? Forty years.
a She was born in Argentina in 1959. On the telephone
P One job for forty years. Incredible! I
b She went to boarding school in England
remember when you retired and they gave a Hello, this is Chesswood 285120. I'm afraid
from 1970 to 1977.
you that gold watch. Do you like being I'm not at home at the moment, but please
c She studied French and German when she
retired? I'd get bored. I'm sure I would. leave your name and number after the tone
was at Oxford University, Don't you get bored? and I'll get back to you as soon as I can.
d She hasn't spoken Spanish since she was in
T Well, I'm lucky. I've got my health so I can 'Hi, Annie. This is er ... Pete here. Pete
Buenos Aires three years ago. Nealy. Er ... 1 need to speak to you about
do a lot, I can get out at lot. I've just taken
e She's worked in both eastern and western next weekend. Can you give me a ring? Erm
up golf, you know. It's a wonderful sport for
Europe at various times in her life, an old man like me 'cos it's not really a sport ... I'm at home, by the way. It's ten o'clock
f She worked in Brussels for two years, from at all, at least not the way your Grandpa now and I'll be here all morning, er ... at
1989 to 1991. plays it. It's just a good excuse for a walk, least until two o'clock. Yeah, thanks. Bye.'
g She's worked for the BBC for the last five and I need an excuse since Rover died. I ... I b Tin afraid Mr Barrett's in a meeting. Can 1
years. miss good old Rover; he and 1 were great take a message?'
h She hasn't worked abroad since her son was friends ... but I don't think I want another 'Yes, please. This is Pam Haddon. He rang
born four years ago. dog at my age. I go to the golf club twice a me earlier and left a message on my answer
i She married for the first time when she was week. I've made some good friends there, phone and I'm returning his call. Can you
twenty-one. you know. Have you met Ted and Marjorie? tell him I'm back in my office now?'
j She's been married three times, They're my age. Er ... They're a lovely
k She married for the third time last vear. c 'Shall I ask Miss Jackson to give you a call
couple.
when she gets back?:
P Er, no ... 1 don't think I've met them, but 'Yes, please. I'm sure she's got my number
Tapescript 50a didn't you go on holiday with them? but I'll give it to you again, just in case. It's
The news T Yes, that's right. We went to Wales together 01924 561718.'
last Easter. Oh ... and we had a lovely time, d "Good morning. Payne and Stracey
a The murderer Bruce Braden has escaped
a lovely time. I do appreciate company since Advertising.'
from Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight.
your Grandma died ... you know, I really 'Good morning. Can I have extension 321.
b After the heavy rain of the last few days,
miss your Grandma. Thirty-five years we please?'
Hoods have brought chaos to drivers in the were married, thirty-five years and still as
West Country, much in love as the day we met. She was a e 'Hello, Mrs Barrett ... I'm afraid Mr
c Amy Carter, the kidnapped baby from Leeds, wonderful lady, your Grandma. Barrett's on another line at the moment. Do
has been found safe and well in a car park in you want to hold or ...? Oh, he's free now.
P Oh 1 know that, Grandpa. We all miss her so
Manchester, I'm putting you through.'
much. We all loved her so much.
d Two thousand car workers from a US car 'Thank you very much.'
T So I like to keep busy. I've been on all sorts
factory have been made redundant. 'Hello ..."
of special holidays, you know. Package
'Hello, Frank? It's me, Diana ..."
holidays for senior citizens, and I ...
Tapescript 50b P Well, I know you went to visit Uncle Keith in
f 'Hello. Is that Sandra?'
:
No, I'm sorry, it isn't. She's just gone out.
a Last night, the murderer Bruce Braden Australia. And you've just come back from a
cruise round the Caribbean, You're so brown, Can I take a message? She'll be back in a
escaped from Parkhurst Prison. Prison
officers found his cell empty at six o'clock this minute.'
T I know. My word, that was an experience. I
morning. loved every minute of it! When you're older,
b Early this morning, floods brought chaos to I'll tell you about the American widow I met!
many roads in Devon. Drivers left their cars ... Miriam, she was called. Oh, just a baby of UNIT8
and walked to work through the flood water. fifty-five, but she seemed to like me.
c Late last night, the kidnapped baby, Amy P Grandpa!
Carter, was found safe and well in a car park T And yes, of course, Keith, f saw him two
Tapescript 53a
in the centre of Manchester. The car park years ago. You've not met your Australian M = Mum J = Jim
attendant heard a noise coming from a cousins yet, have you? Oh, you'd love the M Oh, dear! I hope everything will be all right.
rubbish bin and he found Amy wrapped in a baby, Kylie, she's beautiful. Looks just like You've never been abroad before.
warm blanket. your Grandma. But you know, I've also been J Don't worry, Mum. I 'II be OK. I can look
d Two thousand car workers from the General to Spain and Morocco, (WTurkey. These after myself. Anyway, I'll be with Anthony.
Motors factory in Detroit were made package holidays are so good for people like We won't do anything stupid.
redundant yesterday. The management gave me. M But what will you do if you run out of
them no warning. The men were shocked and P Grandpa, next time, please think of me, money?
furious when they heard the news yesterday Don't you want a companion? Can I come J We'll get a job of course!
evening. with you? I'd love a suntan like yours! We M Oh. What about if you get lost?
never go anywhere interesting. J Mum! If we get lost, we'// ask someone the
Tapescript 51 T Ob, Philippa, you know your mum and dad way, but we won't get lost because we know
wouldn't let me. Not until you've finished where we're going!
Thomas Wilson - your exams. Helen says I am a bad influence M Oh. All right. But what if you can't read the
a retired man on you. directions?
T = Thomas Wilson P = Philippa P Well. I think you have more fun than / do!
All I have to look forward to is exams and Tapescript 53b
P How long have you been retired now.
more exams and then years and years of
Grandpa? M But how will I know that you're all right?
work!
T Let me see. Er ... it's four years. Yes, I've been J When we get to a big city, I'll send you a
T Oh Philippa. Don't wish your life away. Just
retired nearly four years now. I suppose I'm postcard.
enjoy it all. You only get one go at it!
used to it after all this time. But you know, I M Oh. But Jim, it's such a long flight to
Istanbul!

134 Tapescripts
J Mum! As soon as we arrive in Turkey, 17/ Tapescript 56a Who wants a marble swimming pool, too?
give you a ring! I don't.
a If Tony rings, tell him I'm at Andy's. He can
M 17/ be so worried until I hear from you. And 1 don't 'cos all I want is you.
get hold of me there,
J It'll be OK, Mum. Honest!
b If you've finished your work, you can have a
break. But you must be back here in fifteen Tapescript 58
Tapescript 54 minutes. 1 'I went to Alice's flat last night.'
J = Joe S = Sue c If I'm not back by eight o'clock, don't wait 'Oh, really! What was it like?
J Goodbye, darling! Good luck with the for me. Go without me. I'll join you at the 'Well, it was absolutely wonderful.'
interview! party, 2 'When I got home, I told my parents that I'd
S Thanks. I'll need it. 1 hope the trains are d If you've got the 'flu. you should go to bed. failed the exams."
running on time. If the trains are delayed, 17/ Keep warm and have plenty of fluids, 'Oh, dear. What did they say?'
get a taxi. If I'm late for the interview, 17/be e If you're ever in London, you must give me a 'Well, my mother was OK, but my father he
furious with myself! ring. We could go out somewhere, went mad!'
J Just keep calm! Phone me when you can. f If you go to Australia, you have to have a 3 'We went out for a meal last night.'
S I will. As soon as I come out of the interview. visa. You can get one from the Embassy, 'Where did you go?'
17/give you a ring. g I'd buy a word processor if I could afford it. 'That new restaurant near the station.'
J When will you know i/1 you've got the job? It would be really useful for work, 'What was the food like?'
S They 7/ send me a letter in the next few days. h If I had more time, 1 might do an evening 4 'We had a great time skiing in Switzerland.'
//'they offer me the job, I'!! accept it, and if I class. I'd love to be really good at 'Where did you go?'
accept it, we 7/ have to move house. You photography. 'Zermatt.'
know that, don't you? "Was the weather good?'
J Sure. But we'll worry about that later. Tapescript 56b
S OK. What are you doing today? 1 What do you do if you can't get to sleep at 5 'It took hours to get here.'
J I can't remember. When I get to the office, night? •Why?'
I 'II look in my diary. 1 don't think I'm doing 2 What will you do if the teacher gives us a lot 'The traffic! It was incredible!'
much today. of homework tonight?
S Don't forget to pick up the children as soon 3 What would you do if you saw someone Tapescript 59
as you get back from work. stealing in a shop?
J I-Won't. You'd better go now. If yon don't 1 Amnesty International
4 What will you do if the weather's good this Amnesty International is a world-wide
hurry, you7/ miss the train. weekend? organization, independent of any government or
S OK. 17/ see you this evening. Bye! 5 What would you do if you were in a place political party. It is our aim to release prisoners
J Bye, my love. Take care, and good luck! where smoking was forbidden, and someone of conscience. These are men and women who
started to light a cigarette? are in prison not because they have broken the
Tapescript 55 6 What do you do if you're reading something law, but because of their beliefs, colour,
1 A I'd go on a boat trip around the world. in English and you come across a new word? language, or religion. We try to get fair and early
B O h , I wouldn't. I'd get so bored. Yd rather 7 What would you do if you found a wallet trials by publicizing their cases and by putting
fly. Ix'd be so much quicker. with a lot of money and an address in it? pressure on their governments to practise basic
A No, I'd like to relax on the boat, 8 What do you do if you get a headache? human rights.
sunbathe all day long, and have a waiter 9 What would you do if you needed £1,000 Amnesty International has been in operation
bring me a cold drink just when I want very quickly? for over twenty years, and in that time we have
one. Ah, Heaven! helped prisoners in over sixty countries. We have
2 I wouldn't mind taking things easy for a bit. Tapescript 57 won several peace prizes, including the Nobel
but then I 'd like to just get on with my life, Peace Prize in 1978.
'cos I'm very happy, really, with what I've got. Who wants to be a millionaire?
Who wants to be a millionaire? Each year we handle, on average, nearly
3 I'd buy all the toys in the world. 5,000 individual cases. Please help us. We need
4 I would buy a field with the most beautiful I don't.
your donations to make us unnecessary in this
view I could find, not very far away from Have flashy flunkies everywhere.
world.
where we live, if possible, and move my I don't.
own house thai I live in stone by stone and Who wants the bother of a country estate? 2 The RSPCA
build it in that field. A country estate is something I'd hate. Founded in 1824, the RSPCA is the world's
5 I would first of all resign from my job as a oldest animal welfare organization. We work to
Who wants to wallow in champagne?
teacher, and I would take the kids to promote kindness and to prevent cruelty to
I don't.
Disneyland, and make sure they had the time animals within all lawful means throughout
Who wants a supersonic plane?
of their life, and then I'd probably buy a England and Wales. Every year we find new
I don't.
property in Europe somewhere, just so we homes for about 80,000 animals, we treat over
Who wants a private landing field, too?
had the chance to go away for different 200,000 sick animals ranging from hedgehogs to
I don't. horses, and we investigate over 100,000
holidays.
And I don't 'cos all I want is you. complaints of cruelty.
6 I would buy a football team.
7 Well, I wouldn't give up my job, because I've Who wants to be a millionaire? We also work for the welfare of animals in
heard too many stones about people who go I don't. the wild, such as whales and badgers. We are the
completely mad when they do that. I think Who wants uranium to spare? world experts at cleaning and rehabilitating birds
I'd try to spend it all in a week or a month, I don't. that have been damaged in oil spills. Every year
and then I could forget all about it. Who wants to journey on a gigantic yacht? nearly 3 million animals are used in research
8 Erm ... I would go ice-skating, go to the Do I want a yacht? Oh, how I do not! laboratories, and we oppose all experiments that
moon, on a rocket of course, and ... go to Who wants a fancy foreign car? cause pain and suffering.
the circus. I don't. We work with both governments and the
Who wants to tire of caviar? farming industry to promote humane methods
I don't. in the rearing of farm animals. Intensive

Tapescripts 135
farming methods can cause many animal welfare Tapescript 63b
problems. UNIT 9
The society is a charity, and receives no aid A = Andy C = Carl
from the government. Our running costs amount A Hi! Carl? It's Andy.
to £38 million a year. Please give generously.
Tapescript 61 C Andy!
a 'Mr and Mrs Brown never go on holiday.' A Yeah. How are you? Feeling better?
3 Drought and Famine in Africa
'They can't have much money.' C No! Not a lot. I have to sit down most of the
Drought and famine have come to Africa again
b 'The phone's ringing!' time. It's too tiring - walking with a crutch.
this year, just as they have every year for the past
'It might be Jane.' A Really? Still using a crutch, eh? So you're not
fifteen years. In some parts of Africa it hasn't
c 'Paul's taking his umbrella/ back at work yet?
rained for three years. There have been no crops,
'It must be raining.' C No. And I'm bored to death. I don't go back
and the animals on which many people depend
d 'There are three fire engines!' to the hospital for two more weeks.
died long ago. Refugees are pouring from the
countryside into the towns in their desperate 'There must be a fire somewhere!' A Two more weeks! That's when the plaster
search for food, and it has been estimated that e 'I don't know where Hannah is.' comes off, is it?
over a thousand people are dying every day. 'She could be in her bedroom.' C I hope so. I can't wait to have two legs again!
f 'My aunt isn't in the kitchen.' Anyway. How are you? Still missing all that
We are supplying towns and camps with food
'She can't be cooking dinner.' snow and sun?
and medical supplies, but our efforts are drops in
g 'Whose coat is this?' A No, I'm fine. The suntan's fading though.
the ocean. We need a hundred times more food
'It might be John's.' Josie's is too. She sends love, by the way.
and medical supplies, as well as doctors, nurses,
h 'We've won the lottery!' C Love to her, too. I miss you all. By the way,
blankets, tents, and clothes. Your help is needed
now before it is too late. Please give all you can. 'You must be joking!' have you got any holiday photos back yet?
No pound or penny will ever be better spent or A Yes, yes, I have. I got them back today.
more appreciated. Tapescript 62 They're good. I didn't realize we'd taken so
a A A half of lager and a fizzy mineral water, many.
please. C What about that one you took of that
Tapescript 60 B Ice and lemon with the water? amazing sunset behind the hotel?
M = Maggie A = Anna A Yes, please. And do you do bar meals? A Yes, the sunset. It's a good one. All of us
M I'm bored! B Yes, we do. together on Bob and Marcia's balcony, with
A Well, it's a lovely day. Why don't we take the b I don't work regular hours and I like that. I'd the mountains and the snow in the
dog for a walk? hate one of those nine to five office jobs. background. It's beautiful. Brings back
M No, I don't feel like going for a walk. I'm too Also, I meet a lot of really interesting people. memories, doesn't it?
tired. Of course, every now and then there's a C Yeah. The memory of me skiing into a tree!
A You need to get out! Let's go shopping! difficult customer, but most times people are A Yes, I know. I'm sorry. At least it was
M Oh, no! I couldn't bear it! I'd rather do really nice. I took that really famous film star towards the end; it could have been the first
anything but that! to the airport last week, now what was her day. You only came home two days early.
name? Er ... you know, she's in that film - er. C OK, OK. Oh, Andy, have you written to the
A OK, then. Shall we watch the telly?
what's it called? Anyway she was really nice. tour operator yet to complain about that car
M That's a good idea!
Gave me a big tip! we hired? They did promise us a bigger one.
A Do you want the news on ITV?
c A So how did you get on? A Yes, we have. Yesterday, in fact. Bob wrote it
M Mmm. I'd rather watch Neighbours on
BBC1. It's just started. B Oh it was good. They're very nice actually. and we all signed it. I don't know if it'll do
A Were you nervous? any good, but it's worth a try.
P = Paul B = Billy B Yeah, a bit. Michael really wanted them to C And Marcia's suitcase, did that turn up?
P I'm broke, and I don't get paid for two like me. I think they did. They were very A Yeah. They found it. It arrived on the next
weeks! What am I going to do? kind anyway. flight. Marcia was delighted.
B If I were you, I'd get a job that paid more A And did you tell them that you and C I'll bet she was! I suppose it was a good two
money. Michael are going to get married? weeks really, wasn't it?
P Oh, why didn't I think of that? Thanks, Billy. B No, next time. I just wanted to get to A Sure. Some ups and downs, but generally I
It doesn't help me now, does it? know them first. think we all got on well and had a great time.
B Well, then, you'd better get a loan from the d A We've never had one before. Shall we go again next year?
B Really? We've always had them in our C I'd like to. All six of us again. Julie wants to,
bank.
family. We're all mad about them.
P No, I couldn't do that. I owe them too much too. She fell in love with Switzerland, but
A Well, we are now. The kids love her. And
already. she says she'll only come if I don't break a
she is so good with them, ever so good-
B Why don't you ask your parents? They'd help natured. But it wasn't fair to have one leg!
you. when we lived in town. A Good! Great! It's a date. Next time, look out
P No, I'd rather not. I'd rather sort out my for the trees! I'll ring again soon, Carl. Take
B It's OK if they're small and you live near a
problems on my own. park, but I know what you mean. What's care!
B Then you ought to ask your boss for a pay she called?
rise. A Trudy. Tapescript 64
P Good idea, but I've already tried that and it e A Pull! Pull! Not too quickly! a "John didn't come to school yesterday'
didn't work. B I can't. It's really strong. :
He must have been ill.'
B Oh. Well, I suppose I could lend you some. A Come on. In then out. You're doing fine.
Careful! b 'Look at my new gold watch!'
P Really? That would be great! Thanks Billy.
A Yaow! 'Wow! You can't have bought it yourself.1
You're a real mate. I'll pay it back, honest!
A The one that got away! c 'Why is Isabel late for class?'
'Um ... She might have overslept.'
63a See page 88 d T can't find my homework.'
'You must have forgotten it.'
e 'The teacher's checking Maria's work.'
'She can't have finished already!'

136 Tapescripts
f 'Did you know that Charles got top marks the two younger generations just love to T You have two children of your own. Was
in the exam?' come, and there are anything up to sort of that a conscious decision because you
'He must have cheated!' thirty-five of us meet up. once a year, in one decided that you didn't want one of your
g 'Where's my umbrella?' or other of the houses, and have this children to be an only child?
'Oh! You could have left it on the train.' marvellous lunch and tea-party, and lots of P Yes, very definitely. Yes, yes, I didn't want
photographs are taken. And we've now got that to happen and I feel sorry for other
baby twins that were handed round this children who are only children. I must say, I
Tapescript 65
time. D'you know, and all this sort of thing think that's ... at this age at the age of my
Brothers and sisters ... marvellous! children, it's probably fine but as they get
1 A large family older, I think it gets more difficult.
2 An only child
I So all in all being an only child is not
J = Jillie I = Interviewer P = Philippa I = Interviewer something you'd recommend.
J I'm the youngest of nine children. My P I'm an only child and basically I think the P No, certainly not, no, no.
eldest sister is still alive, age ninety-three disadvantages far outweigh the advantages
and there are sixteen years between us. We of being an only child. I was erm ...
were four girls, four boys, and then me.
Tapescript 6 6 a - d see pages92-93
relatively happy as a young child but as you
I And how well did you all get on together get older, I think being an only child gets
when you were children? more difficult to deal with. Tapescript 67
J Really, amazingly well. Being the youngest, T When you were little it wasn't too bad being Polly and her friends
I and my two young brothers rather looked an only child? P = Polly A-J = Polly's friends
on the rest of the family as 'the others', 'cos P No, but I was very lucky; I had lots of
by that time they were either away at school cousins. I had fourteen first cousins and A I want to travel the world.
or working. But we were always fond of one most of them lived in the same town that I P So do I.
another and now of course, the roles have grew up in until 1 was ten, so we all played B I don't want to have lots of children.
rather reversed because they were inclined together and what have you. And I had a P Neither do I.
to keep an eye on us and now — we friend who lived next door to me, who was C I can speak four languages.
younger ones, the two youngest, are very my best friend, who was the same age as me P I can't.
busy looking after the remainder, 'the and so she was a bit like a sister then T D I can't drive.
ancient ones'. suppose, and it wasn't until we moved away P Neither can I.
I Tell me how your relationship with your from there that I think it became more E I'm not going to marry until I'm 35.
sister, Joy, has changed over the years. difficult being an only child. P Neither am I.
J Joy was the sister who used to ... in her F I went to America last year.
I You said to me once that it was when you
holidays ... used to take me off er ... for P So did 1.
were a teenager that it was particularly
lovely walks and teach me a great deal G I have never been to Australia.
hard. Why was that?
about the countryside. And she eventually P I have.
P Yes. 1 think ... I think when you're a
became a nun and disappeared to Australia H I don't like politicians.
teenager, you're quite unsure of how to deal
for twenty-three years. And we wrote to one with things, especially your parents anyway, P Neither do I.
another and I was still her little sister. When and when you're on your own, you have I I am bored with the British Royal family.
she came back, shortly after my husband nobody to compare notes with or to sort of P So am I.
died and the whole relationship changed say, are my parents being unreasonable or J I love going to parties.
enormously, and we became tremendous not, you just have to work it out for P I don't.
friends, we've never looked back. yourself and that 1 think is quite hard
T What do you see as the main advantage and really.
disadvantage of coming from such a large I Some people who come from large families UNIT 10
family? might envy you because you had all of your
J T think the main advantage was this parents' attention.
marvellous example of our parents, of how P Yes. That of course has its negatives as well
TapeSCript 68 See pages 96-97
to enjoy life on a shoestring, because we as its positives, doesn't it? I think. You have
were very much the poor relations, and it all of their attention but you don't always Tapescript 69
always amused us that our wealthy young want it, especially as a teenager. I think at a How long has he been learning to drive?
cousins envied us so much. We had the old that point in your late teens, you want to b How many lessons has he had?
bikes and all the freedom in the world, and move away from your family a little bit, and c How much has he spent on tuition?
they were stuffed into Eton suits and ... and sort of explore other relationships, d How many instructors has he had?
expected to behave themselves. and if you have all of your parents' e How many times has he crashed?
I Disadvantages? attention, you can't necessarily do that very f How long has he been praying for a
J 1 think it was very tough at a certain stage well. driving-licence?
to have hand-me-down clothes, especially I What about now that you're an adult? Does g What have his instructors been telling him?
for a vain little girl, and not to have much the fact of being an only child have any h How many times has he taken his test?
in the way of parties and perhaps not to be impact on your life at all? i How has he been celebrating?
able to go abroad, as other children did. P Er ... yes. I think it's probably again quite
But the advantages outweighed the difficult really. Erm ... my father died about
disadvantages enormously, there's no doubt Tapescript 70
ten years ago, so of course I'm the one
about that. who's left totally responsible for my mother. A Can you drive?
I Six out of the nine of you arc still alive. I'm the one that has to look alter her if she B Oh, yes.
How closely have you kept in touch over the has a problem, and help her if she needs A How long have you been driving?
years? help in any way. There's nobody else to help B Since I was seventeen. About ten years.
J Very closely. For many years now we've had at all. So yes, I think it does have problems A Have you got a car?
an annual family party of three then,too. B Yes, I have. It's a Renault.
generations. And the touching thing is that A How long have you had it?

Tapescripts 137
B About a year. Tapescript 74 But I ... I can't remember how much it was.
A How much did you pay for it? I And where do you get it all from?
B Well, 1 got it second-hand, and I think I paid driving-licence chain smoker postbox
M All over the place. There are lots of people
driving test business partner postman
about six thousand pounds. who collect this stuff. I go up and down the
wallpaper ashtray postcode
A How many kilometres has it done? country. We have conventions where we swap
press conference postcard post office
B Ooph! I'm not sure. things. And there are specialist magazines
A About how many? and shops, and ... and jumble sales.
B About forty thousand kilometres, I'd say. Tapescript 75a I Have you ever had to fight to get something
A Have you ever had an accident? I = Interviewer M = Margaret Tyler you really wanted?
B Not in this car, no. but I had one in the car I M Well, once I was in a shop and the shop
Margaret, may I ask you what you do for a
had before. keeper was drinking his tea from a lovely
living?
A What happened 0 M Well, I work for a children's charity. That's a
Coronation mug. I offered to buy it from
B Well, the roads were wet because it had been him but he wasn't interested. So off I went to
full-time job, but I also have guests coming
raining, and I skidded into another car. a shop nearby and bought a plain mug and
to stay with me at weekends.
A Whose fault was it? presented it to him. 'Now will you do a
I You mean ... paying guests?
B Oh, it was my fault. I was going too fast. swap?' I said to him. And he did. Oh, it was
M Yes. This house, which is called Heritage
driving me mad, the thought of him using
House, is a bed-and-breakfast place, too.
Tapescript 71 this mug every day! I wanted to give it a
I What I can see around me, Margaret, is proper home!
A You look tired! What have you been doing? amazing! How long have you been collecting
all this royal memorabilia? I Is there anything you haven't got that you'd
B I've been getting ready to go on holiday.
M Well, I first got interested in the Royal family really like to have?
A Have you done everything?
when I saw the wedding of Princess M Not a thing, but a person. Princess Diana is
B Well, I've packed the cases and I've been to
Margaret on TV in 1960. Um, my father my favourite Royal. She's warm, wonderful,
the bank, but I haven': booked the taxi yet.
wouldn't let us have a television in the house giggly, real. I'd love to meet her.
because he said it would stop me doing my I Well, I hope your dream comes true! If she
Tapescript 72 homework, so on the day of the wedding, I ever came to your house, she'd feel very at
a A When was she born? went round to a friend's house, and I just sat home!
B In 1950. in front of the screen, mesmerized. But it
b A When was her collection of poems
published?
wasn't until later that I started collecting. Tapescript 75b
I've been collecting for eighteen years. The I - Interviewer T = Ted Hewitt
B In April 1958, when she was just eight
years old. first tilings I bought were a dish with the
Queen's head in the centre, and a few 1 Ted, we're sitting in your dining-room,
c A When did her mother die? surrounded by a wonderful collection of
B On 16 September 1961. Coronation mugs to go with it.
miniature coaches. When did you start
d A When did she gel married for the first I What sort of things have you got? collecting them?
time? M Oh, everything! Oh, pictures, paintings,
B While she was still at university - in T Well, some of them date back to when I was
ashtrays, hundreds of mugs, um ..., er ...
spring 1970. a child, and they were given to me as toys, so
tea-pots, tea-cloths, biscuit tins, posters,
e A When did she graduate? ... at the age of five or six. But the bulk of
books, flags, toast racks, egg cups, candle
B On 20 June 1971. them I've added er ... in the last ten, fifteen
sticks, the lot! I've got over four thousand
f A When was her daughter born? years.
Royal souvenirs.
B On 14 June 1972. I Now, I can understand a child enjoying
g A When did she go to India and the Far I All in this house? playing with them, but why did you carry on,
M All in this house, yes. The house has been and actually make this collection?
East?
B After her divorce. She was twenty-nine at extended three times to fit it all in. They're in
T Well, it's because of my family background,
the time, all the rooms downstairs, and in the four
erm ... I'm the third generation in a family
h A When did she get married for the second bedrooms upstairs, and in the attic, too.
coach business, so I've been ... lived with and
time? I Incredible! been brought up with coaches all my life.
B At 10.30 on 3 August 1988. M It takes all my spare time to keep everything
I Mmm. So you've got the real thing, and ...
i A How long did her first marriage last? clean and dusted. I'm always playing around,
and the miniatures as well?
B Nine years. making a special area for one of the Royals
T That's right, yes.
j A How long has she been living in Paris? or another. Er ... It keeps me amused for
I How many miniatures do you think you've
B Since 1988. hours, and the visitors who come, mainly
got?
foreign visitors, never get tired of talking
T I haven't counted them for a long time, but
Tapescript 73 about our Royal family.
there must be at least five hundred, I should
I = Interviewer J = Joanna I Is there one piece that's your favourite? think.
1 I How long are you in the States for? M Yes. I was desperately upset when Princess I Which is your favourite?
Diana and Prince Charles split up, and I
J Two weeks. T Well, my favourite is probably what is also
wrote to Princess Diana, saying I hoped they
2 I How long have you been in the States? the oldest, and that's a er ... little tin-plate
J Eight days. might get together again. I got a lovely letter
back from her Lady-in-Waiting, Sarah double-decker bus, loosely based on a
3 I When do you go back to England? London Transport double-decker of the
J At the end of the week, in five days' time. Campdcn, and that's the most important
part of my whole collection. period.
4 I Where were you the day before yesterday?
J I was in Chicago. I And how old is that?
I Have you had to spend a lot of money on T Er ... that would have been manufactured in
5 I Where were you this time last week? your collection?
J Er, I was in New York. the ... in the late thirties, early forties ...
M Oh, I don't know. I've never thought about
6 I Where will you be the day after I And ...
tomorrow? it. No, I don't think so. Once, when Prince
T ...I think.
J I'll be in Denver. Andrew married Fergie. a shop filled its
I And we've got it here. It's lovely. And it ...
windows with nothing else but mementoes
and it ... it ... it winds up. Will you ... will
of them, and I walked in and bought the lot.
you ...?

138 Tapescripts
T Yes. It's ...
I ... do it for us?
UNIT 11 TapeSCript 79 Seepage 109
T It's a clockwork. So, er ... winds up like Tapescript 80
that.
TapeSCript 76 SeepagelO? C = Caroline Bailey N = Norma, her secretary
I Oh, it's marvellous. How long have you had
that? Did you have it as a child? C Now, what's happening today? I've got a
T Er ... no, no. That one doesn't date from Tapescript 77 meeting this afternoon, haven't /?
that period. Erm ... probably about ten A = Clerk in the tourist office R = Rosie N Yes, that's right. With Henry and Ted.
years I've had that one. A Good afternoon. C And the meeting's here, isn't it?
I Hmm. Do you keep your collection all in R Hello. I wonder if you could help me. I've N No, it isn't. It's in Ted's office, at 3.00.
here? Is this the complete collection? just arrived here, and I'm looking for C Oh! I'm not having lunch with anyone, am /?
T The bulk of it is here, but er ... I have others somewhere to stay. N No, you're free all morning.
in other rooms of the house, and some A Uhhuh. C Phew! I'll start on that report, then. Er ... I
stored up in the attic, as well. R Can you tell me where I can find a cheap signed all my letters, didn't II
I Do many people collect miniature coaches? hotel? N No, you didn't, actually. They're on your
Where ... where do you get your coaches A Certainly. There are a few around here, but desk, waiting for you.
from? Where do you find them? the nearest and one of the nicest is just C Ah. right! And cr ... tomorrow I'm going to
T Yes, there are a surprisingly huge number of around the corner. It's called the Euro Scotland, aren't I?
people collect buses and coaches, and Hotel. Would you like me to phone to see if N Yes. You're booked on the early morning
erm ... there are specialist shops that sell they have a room? shuttle.
them. And then there's also a ... a network R No, that's OK. I'll just wander round there C OK. It doesn't leave until 8.00; does ill
of what are called swapmeets, where people myself. Ah! Another thing. I need to change N 8.15, to be precise.
go and trade in either current models or old some travellers' cheques, but I don't know C Gosh, Norma! Where would I be without
models. So there's no difficulty in finding ... what time the banks close. you?
models at all. A They close at 7 o'clock in the evening.
I Are they expensive? If I decided that I R Right, thanks. This is a very pretty town, Tapescript 81a
wanted to collect...? isn't it? It looks terribly old. Have you any R = question tag rises; F = question tag falls
T No, not necessarily. You can ... you can buy idea how old this town is?
contemporary models ... anything from A Yes, it was founded in the thirteenth century. a It isn't very warm today, is ill (F)
about two ninety-nine upwards. And the R Really? As old as that? Wow! Well, I'd better b The weather forecast was wrong again,
sky's the limit. get going. Oh, I'm not sure if we're near the wasn't if. (F)
I Give me a figure. c You can cook, can't you! (R)
centre of town, because I've only just
T Oh, some people pay thousands and d You don't eat snails, do you? (R)
arrived.
thousands for a specific model. e You've got a CD, haven't you! (R)
A Yes, this square out here is just about the
I Which do you think was your most f Sally's very clever, isn't she"! (F)
centre.
expensive? g There are a lot of people here, aren't there? (F)
R Thanks very much. Thanks for your help.
T I don't really know. Erm ... I've never paid h The film wasn't very good, was it? (F)
I'll go to ... oh, sorry, 1 can't remember
more than ... probably about fifty, sixty i I am a silly person, aren't /? (F)
which hotel you suggested. j You aren't going out dressed like that, are
pounds. I think, yes. A The Euro Hotel.
I Have you got any very rare ones that people R The Euro. Thanks a lot. Bye. you? (R)
would fight for?
T I've got some that have ... have become rare. Tapescript 78 Tapescript 81b
Weren't particularly rare when ... when I a 'It isn't very warm today, is it?' (F)
bought it. It's ... there's no rhyme or reason, The news 'No, it's freezing.'
but there ... there is one that I bought There's been a train crash in the north of the b T h e weather forecast was wrong again,
probably for seven or eight pounds which is country, and there are fears that up to five wasn't it?' (F)
now worth about a hundred and eighty. people have been killed. It happened at XXXX 'Yes! It always is, though, isn't it?'
And that's quite good in ... sort of seven or o'clock this morning. The train was going from c 'You can cook, can't you?' (R)
eight years. That's not bad. London to XXXX. 'Me? No! I can't even boil an egg.'
I Would you ever ... would you ever sell it?
Lucie Courtney, the six-year-old girl from d 'You don't eat snails, do you?' <R)
T No, I don't think so. Unless I had to. No. 'Yuk! No, I don't! They're disgusting!'
XXXX who went missing from her home last
I No. e 'You've got a CD, haven't you?' (R)
Thursday, has been found safe and well. She
T No. I'm too attached to them to sell them. 'Believe it or not, I haven't. I've got a tape
was found by XXXX. She'd gone to stay with
It's like the real ones. recorder, though.'
her grandparents.
I Are there any that you would really like to f 'Sally's very clever, isn't she?' (F)
have that you haven't got, that you ... you There's been a robbery at a bank in
'Yes. She's as bright as a button.'
look for when you go to these swapmeets? Manchester. About XXXX men dressed as
g 'There are a lot of people here, aren't
T There's a lot that I'm tempted by, but er ... policemen went into the bank and stole XXXX
pounds. They escaped in a XXXX. there?' (F)
no, no one specific model erm ... financial
T know! It's absolutely packed! I can't move!"
constraint is the ... is the problem, I'm
And finally sport. Liverpool played Real h 'The film wasn't very good, was it?' (F)
afraid. However, if a model appears of an
Madrid in the European Cup last night. It was Terrible! The worst I've seen for ages/
actual vehicle that I ... that I own, then
a closely fought match, and the final score was i T am a silly person, aren't I?' (F)
financial constraint or not ... no, I would
XXXX. 'No, you're not. Just because you made one
have to have it, I think.
And in boxing, Louis Henderson is the new mistake doesn't mean you're silly.'
I Well, I think they're all lovely. Thank you
heavyweight champion. He beat XXXX in Las j 'You aren't going out dressed like that, are
very much, Ted. you?' (R)
T Thank you. Vegas last night. He said after the fight XXXX.
And that's the end of the news. "Why? What's wrong with it? 1 thought I
looked really smart.'

Tapescripts 139
Tapescript 82 Tapescript 83a A One of the problems, these days, is that
many companies have far fewer employees
1 A You broke that vase, didn't you? The Forgetful Generation
B Yes, I did. I dropped it. I'm sorry. and this means that one person often does
A You'll buy another one, won't you? Presenter several jobs. Jobs that before were done by
B Yes, of course. How much was it? Hello and welcome to Worldly Wise. How's many people are done by a few and they
A £200. your day been so far? Have you done all the haven't been trained to do this. If you have
B It wasn't £200, was it?! things you planned? Kept all your five things to do at once, you become
A Yes, it was. appointments? Collected that parcel from the stressed and forgetful. I think many people
2 A It's so romantic, isn't it? Post Office? Oh and have you remembered to in work situations, at a meeting or
B What is? send your mother a birthday card? If so, well something, have the experience where they
A Well, they're really in love, aren't they? done! If not - you're not alone. Many of us are start a sentence and half-way through it:
B Who are? finding it more and more difficult to remember they can't remember what they're talking
A Paul and Mary. everything. Once upon a time we all just about, and they can't finish the sentence. It's
B Paul and Mary aren't in iove, are they?! blamed getting older for our absent- a terrible feeling - you think you're going
A Oh, yes, they are. They're mad about mindedness, but now experts are blaming our mad. I remember one lady who came to me
each other. so distressed because at three important
modern lifestyle. They say that we've become
3 A Have you paid the electricity bill? 'the forgetful generation' and that day after day meetings in one week, she found herself
B No, You've paid it, haven't you? we try to do too much! saying, mid-sentence, 'I'm sorry, I can't
A No, I haven't! remember what I'm talking about.' And,
B But you always pay it, don't you? this was a lady in a new job, which involved
A No, I don't. / always pay the telephone Tapescript 83b a lot of travelling. She also had a home and
bill. family to look after, and she'd recently
Ellen
B Oh, yes. Sorry.
Last year I finished university and I got a job moved house. She had so many things to
4 A We love each other, don't we? think about that her brain couldn't cope. It
in the same town, Canterbury, where T was at
B Er ... I think so. shut down.
A We don't ever want to part, do we? university. And one day, for some reason,
B Well... rather than go to work for nine o'clock, I got
P I can see the problem but what's the
A We'll get married and have six children. the bus and went to the university for an eleven
solution? How did you help that lady?
won't we? o'clock lecture. I was sitting there, in the lecture
A Well, part of the solution is recognizing the
B What!? You haven't bought me a ring, room, and I thought to myself, 'Why don't I
problem. Once we'd talked to this lady
have you? know anybody?' Then suddenly I remembered
A Yes, I have. Diamonds are forever. about her stressful lifestyle, she realized that
that I'd finished university and that I was two
B Oh, dear! she wasn't going crazy, and she felt more
hours late for work!
relaxed and was able to help herself. But do
5 A Helen didn't win the lottery, did she!?
Josh you know one of the best ways to remember
B Oh, yes, she did. She won £2,000,000!
A She isn't going to give it all away, is she? I'm studying law in London now, and urn, at things, even in these days of personal
B Oh, yes, she is. the end of last term I packed my suitcase as computers and filofaxes?
A She's very kind. Not many people would usual, and went to King's Cross Station to P What's that?
do that, would they? catch the train home. I was sitting reading on A Well, in fact, it's a notebook - and a pencil
B Well, you certainly wouldn't, would you? the train, revising for my exams, and the of course! At the beginning of every day,
6 A That isn't a letter from Bertie, is it? inspector came to check my ticket. He looked write yourself a list of things you have to
B Yes, it is. He hasn't written for six as it and said, 'Thank you. sir. We'll be in do, and it gives you a really good feeling
months, has he? Newcastle in about an hour." And suddenly I when you cross things off the list as you do
A What does he want? thought, "Newcastle!?! But I don "I want to go them! Psychologically, it's very satisfying to
B He wants to borrow some money, to Newcastle. My parents live in Plymouth!" complete things.
doesn't he? You see, when I was a child I lived with my P Well, there you have it! I hope I can
A I'm not lending him another penny! parents in Newcastle, but we moved to
B You've already lent him £2.000, haven't remember how not to forget! Thank you
Plymouth when I was ten. I couldn't believe it. very much indeed Professor ... er ... er ...
you? How could I be so stupid?
A I certainly have. Oh! Professor Alan Buchan!
7 A You haven't forgotten the map, have Fiona
you? Some time ago I got dressed, ready to go to Tapescript 84
B Oh, dear. Yes, I have. work. I put on my smart black suit. I'd been a A Oh, let's have a break, shall we?
A But I put it next to your rucksack. working at home the night before preparing B All right. I'm dying for a cuppa,
B 1 didn't see it, did I? for a very important meeting the next day, and
A So, how can we find the village? b A My old man isn't at work today.
I remembered to put all the right papers into B Why? What's up with him?
B We could ask a policeman, couldn't we?
A There aren't many policemen on this my briefcase. I left home and walked down to A He was walking to work yesterday when
the bus stop. Just before I got on the bus, I this guy in a car knocked him over.
mountain!
looked down, and I was still wearing my fluffy, B Really! Is he OK?
8 A We can't afford that new car, can we? pink bedroom slippers! A Well, he was very lucky. He just got a
B Are you sure? Haven't we saved a lot of few cuts and grazes.
money? c A Can I have one of your fags?
A Yes, but, we need that money, don't we? Tapescript 83c B Sure. Help yourself. I've got loads.
B What for? P = Presenter A = Alan Buchan A Ta! Do you want one?
A Our old age. B No. I've just put one out.
B You're joking, aren't you? P Stories of forgetfulness like these are
d A Gimme your homework so I can copy it.
A Yes, I am. I've just bought it for you! familiar to many of us and experts say that B No way! You can do it yourself!
B Wow! such cases as Ellen's, Josh's and Fiona's e A Did you manage to fix the telly?
show that loss of memory is not just related B Kind of. The picture's OK. but the
to age, but can be caused by our way of life. sound isn't quite right.
Professor Alan Buchan, a neuro- A What's on tonight?
psychologist, explains why. B Dunno. Look in the paper.

140 Tapescripts
f A What's that stuff called that you use to because T was driving. He asked me if we'd language he used! But she wouldn't open it, she
clean between your teeth? travelled far to get here, so I explained that we'd opened a window instead and threw a plant at
B What do you mean? flown in from New York yesterday. him. Tonight she threw a chair at my poor
A Oh, you know! It's like string. White. Then he asked something strange. He asked husband. They're so selfish. They don't even care
B Oh! You mean dental floss. about the baby.
A That's it! me why I wasn't wearing a hat, so I said I never
wore hats. He then went on to ask me where we
were staying tonight, and I told him we were at Tapescript 89a,b seepages 121-122
the Red Lion. He asked me if we could give him
UNIT 12 a lift there, and I said yes. T asked him if he was
staying at the Red Lion, too, and he said he was.
TapeSCript 90 Seepage 123
He asked if there would be enough room in our
Tapescript 85 car, and I told him that there wouldn't be a Tapescript 91a
The Marriage Proposal problem. a 'Excuse me, can you tell me where the post
J = John M = Moira office is?'

J Hello. Moira. How are you? Tapescript 87 'Sorry, I'm a stranger here myself.'
a A He loves living in London. b 'Ouch! That's my foot!'
M I'm fine. How are you?
B But he told me he hated it! 'Oh, I'm sorry. I wasn't looking where I was
J I feel wonderful because we're together
b A He's moving to Canada. going.'
again. It's been a long time since our holiday
in Paris. B But he told me that he was moving to c 'Er ... Excuse me, what's that creature
M Oh, I loved every minute of it. I'll never Australia'. called?'
forget it. Can we go back there next spring? c A His girlfriend has left him. It's a Diplodocus.'
J I love you, Moira. Will you marry me and B But he told me that he'd left her\ 'Pardon?'
come to Paris with me for our honeymoon? d A He'll be thirty next week. 'A Diplodocus. D-I-P-L-O-D-O-C-U-S.'
M Oh, yes, yes, I will. I love you, too. B But he told me he'd be twenty-onel 'Er ... Thank you very much.'
e A He went to Amsterdam for his last d 'I failed my driving test for the sixth time!'
'I am sorry.'
Tapescript 86a holiday.
e 'Excuse me! We need to get past. My little
B But he told me he'd gone to Barbados]
The Wedding Reception boy isn't feeling well.'
f A He can't give up smoking.
A = Adam B = Beatrice B But he told me that he'd given up three f 'Do you want your hearing aid. Grandma?'
A Are you on your own? years ago\ 'Pardon?'
B No, I'm not. I'm with my husband. g A He was given the sack last week. 'I said: Do you wan! your hearing aid?'
A How do you know John and Moira, then? B But he told me he'd been given •What'1'
B I was at university with Moira. promotion] •DO YOU WANT YOUR HEARING AID?'
A Do you like big weddings? h A He's fallen in love with a French girl. 'I'm sorry, I can't hear you. I need my
B I prefer smaller ones. B Oh! But he told me that he'd fallen in hearing aid.'
A Where did you meet your husband, then? love with me\ •Oooh!'
B Actually, I met him at a wedding.
A Why aren't you drinking? Tapescript 88a Tapescript 91b
B Because I'm driving. Pauline Peters a Hello, Elana? Hello, again! I don't know
A Er ... Have you travelled far to get here? what happened. I think we must have been
B Yes, we have. We flew in from New York OK. We argue sometimes but not often. Usually
we just sit quietly and watch television in the cut off. I'm sorry about that. Never mind.
yesterday. Now, where were we?
evenings. But sometimes ... sometimes we argue
A Hey, why aren't you wearing a hat? b Excuse me! Hello! Excuse me! Excuse me,
about money. We don't have very much because
B I never wear hats. please! Hi! Yes. please! Can we have another
neither of us has a job at the moment, and I get
A Where are you staying tonight? large bottle of fizzy mineral water, please?
very upset when Patrick spends the little we have
B We're at the Red Lion. Thanks.
at the pub or on the horses. He promised to stop
A Oh! Can you give me a lift there? c Oh, I am sorry to hear about that. Of course
drinking but he hasn't stopped. It's worse since
B Yes, we can. Are you staying at the Red Lion, he lost his job. OK. We were shouting but we I understand. We'll go out another time.
too? didn't throw a chair at Mr Fish. It ... er ... it d What! You want to go where? And with a
A Yes, 1 am. Will there be enough room in your just fell out of the window. And I'm really sorry bottle of whisky? How old do you think you
car? that we woke the baby. We won't do it again. We are? Huh! You can think again!
B Oh, yes, lots. There won't be a problem. love children. We'll babysit for Mr and Mrs Fish e Excuse me! I wonder if you could help me. 1
anytime if they want to go out. bought this jumper, and I thought it was
Tapescript 86b medium, but when I got home I saw it was
the wrong size. Can I change it?
Beatrice talking to her husband Tapescript 88b f Pardon? Could you say that again, please, i
I've just met this really friendly young man. Do Iris Fish didn't understand,
you know what he said to me? First he asked me g Excuse me, please! Thank you. Oh! Excuse
Every night it's the same. They argue every
if I was on my own and of course I said that I me. I'm getting off at the next stop. Sorry.
night. And we can hear every word they say.
wasn't, I was with you. Then he asked me how I I've got a big suitcase.
During the day it's not so bad because they're
knew John and Moira and I told him I had been h Oh ; no! Of course, you're vegetarian! I am
both out at work. But in the evenings it's
at university with Moira. He asked me if I liked sorry! How awful of me. Don't worry, there
terrible. Usually, they start arguing about which
big weddings, and I said no, I preferred smaller
television programme to watch. Then he bangs are lots of other things for you to eat.
ones. Then he asked me where I'd met you.
the door and marches down the road to the pub.
which was a bit of a funny question, so I told
Last night he came back really drunk. He was
him that we'd met at a wedding. He asked me
shouting outside his front door. 'Open the door
why I wasn't drinking, and I said that it was
you ... er ... so and so.' I won't tell you the

Tapescripts 141
Grammar Reference
UNIT1
Auxiliary verbs and negatives
To make a negative, add -n't to the auxiliary verb. If there is no
Auxiliary verbs auxiliary verb, use don tldoesn'tldidn't.
Introduction Negative
There are three classes of verbs in English. He's working. He isn't working.
1 The auxiliary verbs do, be and have I was thinking. I wasn't thinking.
These are used to form tenses, and to show forms such as questions We've seen the play. We haven't seen the play.
and negative. They are dealt with in this unit. She works in a bank. She doesn't work in a bank.
They like skiing. They don't like skiing.
2 Modal auxiliary verbs He went on holiday He didn't go on holiday.
These are verbs such as must, can, should., might, will, and would. They
are auxiliary verbs because they 'help' other verbs, but unlike do, be Note the following points.
and have, they have their own meanings. For example, can expresses - We can't say *I amn't working. We have to say I'm not working.
ability, and must expresses obligation. (See Units 4, 8, and 9) - It is possible to contract the auxiliaries be and have and use the
uncontracted not.
3 Full verbs
These are all the other verbs in the language, for example, play, run, He's not playing today. (- He isn't playing today.)
We're not going to Italy after all. (= We aren't going to Italy...)
help, think, want, go, etc.
I've not read the book yet. (- I haven't read the book yet.)
Remember that the verbs do, be and have can also be used as full
verbs with their own meanings. Auxiliary verbs and questions
/ do my washing on Saturdays.
1 To make a question, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb. If
She does a lot of business in the Far East.
there is no auxiliary verb, use doldoes/did.
I want to be a teacher.
We are in class at the moment. Question
They were at home yesterday She's wearing jeans. What is she wearing'/
He has a lot of problems. You aren't working. Why aren't you working?
They have three children. Peter's been to China. Has Peter been to China?
What do you do? - What's your job? (The first do is an auxiliary; You were born in Paris. Where were you born?
the second is a full verb.) I know you. Do I know you?
He wants an ice-cream. What does he want?
Auxiliary verbs and tenses They didn't go out. Why didn't they go out?
When be and have are used as auxiliary verbs, they make different verb 2 Question lags are very common in spoken English. (See Unit 11)
forms. It's a lovely day, isn't it?
be You've never tried curry, have you?
You love learning English, don't you?
1 Be with verb + -ing is used to make continuous verb forms.
He's washing his hair. (Present Continuous) 3 There is usually no do/does/did in subject questions.
They were going to work. (Past Continuous) Who wants an ice-cream?
I've been learning English for two years. (Present Perfect Continuous) What happened to your eye?
I'd like to be lying on the beach right now. (Continuous infinitive) Who broke the window?
Continuous verb forms describe activities in progress and temporary Compare the questions above to the following:
activities. What flavour ice-cream do you want?
2 Be with the past participle (-ed etc.) is used to form the passive. What did you do to your eye?
Paper is made from wood. (Present Simple Passive) How did you break the window?
My car was stolen yesterday (Past Simple Passive) Auxiliary verbs and short answers
The house has been redecorated. (Present Perfect Passive)
1 Short answers are very common in spoken English. If you just say
This homework needs to be done tonight. (Passive infinitive) Yes or No, it can sound rude.
There is an introduction to the passive on page 144. We use short answers after 'yes/no' questions, and also in reply to
have statements.
To make a short answer, repeat the auxiliary verb. If there is no
Have with the past participle is used to make perfect verb forms.
auxiliary verb, use doldoes/did.
He has worked in seven different countries. (Present Perfect)
She was crying because she had had some bad news. (Past Perfect) Short answer
I'd like to have met Napoleon. (Perfect infinitive) Are you coming with us? Yes, I am.
Have you had breakfast? No, I haven't.
Perfect means 'before', so Present Perfect means 'before now'. (See It's a lovely day! Yes, it is, isn't it?
Units 7 and 10). Past Perfect means 'before a time in the past'. (See Kate likes walking. No, she doesn't. She hates it.
Unit 3) Did you go out last night? Yes, we did.
Mary didn't phone. Yes, she did. You were out.
Don't forget to write. No, I won't.
Can you cook? Yes, I can.

142 Grammar Reference

 We often use a short question to reply to something someone has
• Use
said. In this way, we use the short question to express our interest,
concern, surprise, or whatever emotion we feel. We are not asking a The Present Simple is used:
question. 1 to express an action that happens again and again, that is, a habit.
Reply question / go to work by car.
I went shopping today. Did you, dear? She smokes ten cigarettes a day.
I've bought you a present. Have you? Thank you. I wash my hair twice a week.
David's going to Berlin. Is he? How interesting! 1 to express a fact which is always true.
I love classical music. Do you? 1 can't stand it. Rolf comes from Germany.
Auxiliary verbs and emphasis Some birds fly south in winter.
My daughter has brown eyes.
Special emphasis can be put on an auxiliary verb when we speak. This
can give more emotional force to the whole sentence, or it can express a 3 to express a fact which stays the same for a long time (a state).
contrast, for example, between true or false. If there is no auxiliary, use He works in a bank.
doldoesldid. I live in aflat near the centre of town.
The house is so tidy! You have been working hard. I prefer coffee to tea.
Mmm! That was delicious. I do like your cooking!
Adverbs of frequency
It's time you cleaned your room.' I have cleaned my room.'
' Why didn't you ring me last night?' 'I did ring, but you were out.' 1 We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple.
50% - 100%
have/have got rarely not often sometimes often usually always
There are two forms of the verb have: have as a full verb with
2 They go before the main verb, but after the verb to be.
doldoesldid for questions, negatives and short answers, and have got
where have is an auxiliary. I usually go to bed at 11.00.
I don't often go swimming.
/ have three sisters. I've got three sisters.
Does she have any children? Has she got any children? She never eats meat.
I don't have any meetings today. I haven't got any meetings I rarely see Peter these days.
'Do fish have lungs?' 'Have fish got lungs?' He is never late for school.
' Yes, they do.' ' Yes, they have.' I am usually in a hurry in the morning.
Have and have got can mean the same. Note the following points: 3 Sometimes and usually can also come at the beginning or the end.
- Have got is more informal, and spoken. When we write, we normally Sometimes we play cards. We play cards sometimes.
use have. Usually I go shopping withfriends. I go shopping with friends
- We cannot use have got to talk about a habit. usually.
I've got a meeting this afternoon. 4 Never, always, rarely, and seldom cannot move in this way.
I always have a meeting on Monday afternoon, (habit) NOT *Never I go to the cinema.
- For the past, we use forms of have only with did/didn't, NOT * Always T have tea in the morning.
get. 5 Everyday, etc. goes at the end.
/ had a headache yesterday He phones me every night.
Did you have any pets as a child?
I didn't have any money when I was a student. Spelling of verb + -s
1 The normal rule is to add -s to the base form of the verb.
wants eats helps drives
UNIT 2 2 Add -es to verbs that end in -AS, -sh, -ch, -x, and -o.
kisses washes watches fixes goes
Present states and actions 3 Verbs that end in a consonant + y change to -ies.
Present Simple carries flies worries tries
The Present Simple is one of the most common tenses in English. It But verbs which end in a vowel + y only add -s.
can refer to the present (now), but it can also refer to all time and buys says plays enjoys
regular time (permanent situations and habits).
Present Continuous
/ want a cup of tea. - now
The sun rises in the east. = all time • Form
I play tennis on Sunday mornings. = regular time Positive and negative Question

• Form 'm am 1
1
'm not
Positive and negative Question she
He is he
1 's doing?
She What it
We work we isn't eating.
do it
You don't work you we
They they We are you
hard. Where live? 're
You they
He she aren't
works They
She does he
doesn't work
It it

Grammar Reference 143

• Use When the subject is a person, we often use can.
Can you see that bird?
The Present Continuous is used:
Can you smell something burning?
1 to express an activity that is happening now. I can hear someone crying.
Don't turn the TV off. I'm watching it. 2 Some of these verbs can be used in the Present Continuous, but with
You can't speak to Jane. She's having a bath. a change of meaning. In the Continuous, the verb expresses an
2 to express an activity or situation that is true now, but is not activity, not a state.
necessarily happening at the moment of speaking. / think you're right. (- opinion)
Don't take that book. Jane's reading it. We're thinking of going to the cinema. (- mental activity)
I'm doing a French evening course this year. He has a lot of money. - (possession)
3 to express a temporary activity. She's having a bath. - (activity)
Peter is a student, but he's working as a barman during the holidays. / see what you mean. (= understand)
I'm living with friends until I find a place of my own. Are you seeing Nigel tomorrow? - (activity)
4 to express a planned future arrangement. The soup tastes awful. (- state)
I'm having lunch with Glenna tomorrow. I'm tasting the soup to see if it needs salt. (- activity)
We're meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant.
The passive
Spelling of verb + -ing
1 The normal rule is to add -ing to the base form of the verb. Introduction to the passive
going wearing visiting eating The passive is dealt with in Units 1 , 2 , 3 , and 7 of New Headway
Intermediate.
2 Verbs that end in one -e lose the -e.
smoking coming hoping writing • Form
But verbs that end in -ee don't lose an -e. The tense of the verb to be changes to give different tenses in the
agreeing seeing passive. This is followed by the past participle.
3 In verbs of one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant, the
consonant is doubled. IS
It was
stopping getting running planning jogging has been
But if the final consonant is -y or -w, it is not doubled. mended.
are
playing showing They were
Note lie tying have been

State verbs Notice the passive infinitive.

1 There are certain groups of verbs that are usually only used in the I'd love to be invited to their party.
Present Simple. This is because their meanings are related to states This homework must be done by tomorrow.
or conditions which are facts and not activities. This is a feature of
the use of the Present Simple. The groups of verbs arc: Use
Verbs of thinking and opinions 1 Passive sentences move the focus from the subject to the object of
active sentences.
believe think understand suppose expect Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in 1599.
agree doubt know remember forget Hamlet, one of the great dramatic tragedies, was written by
mean imagine realize deserve prefer Shakespeare.
/ believe you. The passive is not another way of expressing the same sentence in the
Do you understand? active. We choose the active or the passive depending on what we are
I know his face, but I forget his name. more interested in. In the first sentence, we are more interested in
Shakespeare; in the second sentence, Hamlet has moved to the
Verbs of emotions and feeling beginning of the sentence because we are more interested in the play.
like love hate care hope wish want admit 2 Very often by and the agent are omitted in passive sentences. This
/ like black coffee. might be because:
Do you want to go out? - the agent is not known.
/don't care. My flat was burgled last night.
Verbs of having and being the agent is not important.
This bridge was built in 1886.
belong own have possess contain cost seem appear - we understand who the agent is.
need depend on weigh come from resemble
/ was fined £100 for speeding.
This book belongs to Jane Leadbetter. 3 The passive is associated with an impersonal, formal style. It is often
How much does it cost? used in notices and announcements.
He has a lot of money.
Customers are requested to refrain from smoking.
Verbs of the senses It has been noticed that reference books have been removed from the
library.
look hear taste smell feel
The food smells good.

144 Grammar Reference

4 In informal language, we often use you, we, and they to refer to • Use
people in general or to no person in particular. In this way we can
avoid using the passive. The Past Simple is used:
They're building a new department store in the city centre. 1 to express a finished action in the past.
You can buy stamps in lots of shops, not just post offices. We met in 1987.
We speak English in this shop. I went to Manchester last week.
The same meaning is expressed in formal language using one. John left two minutes ago.
One should dress to suit the occasion. 2 to express actions which follow each other in a story.
5 Be careful! Many past participles are used more like adjectives. Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She
I'm very interested in modern art. heard a noise coming from behind the curtain. She threw the curtain
I was surprised by her behaviour. open, and then she saw ...
We were very worried about you, 3 lo express a past situation or habit.
Aren't you bored by the news? When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. Every day I
I'm exhausted! I've been working all day. walked for miles on the beach with my dog.
Present Simple and Continuous passive This use is often expressed with used to.
We used to live in a small house ...I used to walk miles ...
The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
My car is serviced regularly. (= habit) Past Simple and time expressions
Computers are used in all areas of life and work. (- fact which is always
Look at the time expressions that are common with the Past Simple.
true)
last night,
Sorry about the mess. The house is being redecorated at the moment.
two days ago.
{- activity happening now)
yesterday morning,
I did it in 1990.
in summer,
UNIT 3 when I was young.

Past tenses Spelling of verb + ~ed

1 The normal rule is to add -ed to the base form of the verb.
Look at the diagram.
worked wanted helped washed
When Sylvia arrived home at 8.00 last night ...
2 When the verb ends in ~e, just add -d.
5.00 6.00 7.00 9.00 liked used hated cared
3 If the verb has only one syllable, with one written vowel + one
written consonant, the consonant is doubled.
stopped planned robbed tinned
Tim cooked the meal But we write cooked, sealed and moaned because there are two
Tim was cooking the meal vowels.
Tim had cooked the meal. 4 The consonant is not doubled if it is y or w.
played showed
Past Simple 5 In most two-syllable verbs, the end consonant is doubled if the
stress is on the second syllable.
• Form
pre ferred ad milted
The form of the Past Simple is the same for all persons.
But we write 'entered and 'visitedbecause the stress is on the first
Positive syllable. The exception is the final consonant -/, as in travelled in
I British English. (In American English the spelling is traveled.)
You finished 6 Verbs that end in a consonant +y change to -led.
He/She/It yesterday,
arrived three weeks ago. carried hurried buried
We left
They But we write enjoyed, because it ends in a vowel + y.
Past Continuous
Negative
I • Form
She finish. Positive and negative Question
You didn't arrive yesterday.
leave. 1
(etc.) He was she
was he
She wasn't
Question t it
working. What doing?
you We we
were
he finish? You were you
Did weren't
they enjoy the meal? They they
(etc.)

Grammar Reference 145

• Use Past Perfect
We often use the Past Continuous in sentences together with the Past Perfect means 'completed before', so Past Perfect refers to an action in
Simple. When this happens, the Past Continuous refers to longer, the past which was completed before another action in the past.
'background' activities, whilst the Past Simple refers to shorter actions • Form
that happened in the middle of the longer ones.
The form of the Past Perfect is the same for all persons.
When I woke up this morning ... Positive and negative
I
You had seen him before,
We hadn't finished work at 6.00.
(etc.)

Question
you
Where had she been before?
This morning they
(etc.)
... the birds were singing and the sun was shining.
• Use
The Past Continuous is used: 1 The Past Perfect is used to look back to a time in the past and refer
1 to express an activity in progress before, and probably after, a to an action that happened before then.
particular time in the past.
I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise.
What were you doing?
At 7.00 this morning, I was having breakfast.
2 to describe a situation or activity during a period in the past.
Jan looked lovely. She was wearing a green cotton dress. Her eyes were
shining in the light of the candles that were burning nearby.
3 to express an interrupted past activity.
When the phone rang, 1 was having a bath.
We were playing tennis when it started to rain.
4 to express an incomplete activity in the past in order to contrast Past Now
with the Past Simple which expresses a completed activity. When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and
/ was reading a book during the flight. (I d i d n ' t finish it.) had stolen my stereo.
/ watched a film during the flight, (the whole film) I didn't want to go to the cinema with the others because I'd seen the
5 The Past Simple is usually used to express a repeated past habit or film before.
situation. 2 Notice the difference between the following sentences:
/ went out with Jack for years. When I got to the party, Peter went home.
But the Past Continuous can be used if the repeated habit becomes (- After I arrived, Peter left.)
a longer 'setting' for something. When 1 got to the party, Peter had gone home.
/ was going out with Jack when I first met Harry. (= Before T arrived, Peter left.)

Past Simple versus Past Continuous Past tenses in the passive

1 The Past Simple expresses past actions as simple facts. The Past The uses are the same in the passive as in the active.
Continuous gives past activities time and duration. The bridge was built in 1876. (Past Simple - finished action in the past)
The bomb was being defused when it exploded. (Past Continuous -
Compare the following pairs of sentences:
interrupted past activity)
A / didn't see you in the pub last night. The letter I was waiting for didn't arrive because it had been sent to my
B No. I stayed at home and watched the football. old address. (Past Perfect - one action before another action in the
A I rang you last night, but there was no reply. past)
B Sorry. I was watching the football. I didn't hear the phone,
2 The questions refer to different time periods: the Past Continuous
asks about activities before; the Past Simple asks about what UNIT 4
happened after.
When the war broke out, Peter was siudying medicine at university. He Modal verbs (1)
decided that it was safer to go home to his parents and postpone his
studies. Introduction to modal verbs
What was Peter doing when the war broke out? He was studying. The modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall,
What did Peter do when the war broke out? He went home to should, ought. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they
his parents. 'help1 another verb. (See also Units 1,5,8,9)
/ can swim.
Do you think I should go?

146 Grammar Reference

• Form Must and should are modal verbs. See the Introduction to modal verbs.
1 There is no -s in the third person singular. Positive and negative
She can ski. He must be tired. It might rain.
must
2 There is no do/does in the question. You mustn't do that!
They should
Shall we go for a walk? Can I help you? What should I da?
(etc.) shouldn't
3 There is no don'tldoesrii in the negative.
He can't dance I won't be a minute You mustn't steal! Note the following points:
4 Modal auxiliary verbs don't usually have past forms. Other 1 Must I...? is possible, but question forms with have to are more
expressions are used instead. common.
/ had to work hard at school Do I have to do what you say, or can I do what I want?
Could is used with a past meaning in some cases. Compare the 2 Should I /she/we •••? is possible. We often use Do you think ...?
following sentences: Should I try to eat less?
/ could swim when I was six. (= general ability) Do you think I should see a doctor?
The prisoner was able to/managed to escape by climbing onto the roof 3 Have to has all the forms that must doesn't have.
of the prison. (NOT *-could escape) (- ability /performance on one I had to work until midnight last night. (Past)
occasion) You'll have to study hard when you go to university. (Future)
5 They have no infinitives and no -ing forms. Other expressions are She's a millionaire. She's never had to do any work. (Present Perfect)
used instead. / hate having to get up on cold, winter mornings, (-ing form)
I'd love to be able to ski. If you were a policeman, you would have to wear a uniform.
I hale having to get up on cold, winter mornings. (Infinitive)
6 They are followed by an infinitive without to. The exception is
ought to. • Use
You must go. I'll help you. You ought to see a doctor. 1 Must and have to both express strong obligation.
7 They can be used with perfect infinitives to talk about the past. Must is used to express an obligation that involves the speaker's
opinion. It is personal.
You should have told me that you can't swim. You might have drowned!
/ must get my hair cut. (This is me talking to me.)
• Use You must do this homework carefully. (A teacher talking to students.)
Must is also associated with a formal, written style,
1 Each modal verb has at least two meanings. One use of all of them
is to express possibility or probability. Candidates must write in ink and answer four questions. (Instructions
on an exam paper.)
/ must post this letter! (- obligation)
Books must be returned on or before the due date. (Instructions in a
You must be tired! (= deduction, probability) library.)
Could you help me? f- request)
We could go to Spain for our holidays. (= possibility) 2 Have to expresses a general obligation based on a law or rule, or
based on the authority of another person. It is more objective.
May I go home now? (- permission)
'Where's Anna?' 'I'm not sure. She may be at work.' (- possibility) / can't play tennis tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist. (I have an
appointment.)
2 Modal verbs express our attitudes, opinions and judgements of Children have to go to school until they are sixteen. (A law)
events. Compare the dialogues. Mum says you have to tidy your room before you go out. (Mother's
'Who's that knocking on the door?' order!)
'It's John.' (This is a fact.) Must and have to are sometimes interchangeable.
'Who's that knocking on the door?' I must he home by midnight. I have to be home by midnight.
'It couldlmaylmightlmusthhouldican'ti'llbe John.'
But, have to is used more often than must. If you are unsure which
(These all express our attitude or opinion.) to use, it is probably safer to use have to.
Expressing obligation 3 Be careful! The negatives mustn't and don't have to are completely
Have to, must, and should are used to express obligation. different.
Mustn't expresses negative obligation - it is very important not to do
• Form something.
Don't have to expresses the absence of obligation you can if you
Positive and negative
want to but it isn't necessary.
You mustn't steal other people's things. It's wrong.
You have to You mustn't drive if you've been drinking. You could kill someone!
We don't have to
They
Some people iron their socks, but you don't have to. I think it's a
work hard
waste of time.
He has to When you go into a shop, you don't have to buy something. You can
She doesn't have to just look.
4 Have got to is also common in British English but it is more
Question informal than have to.
I've got to go now. See you!
Do you have to work hard? Don't go to bed late. We've got to get up early tomorrow.
(etc.) 'Go and tidy your room.' 'Have I got to?' 'Yes, you have!'

Grammar Reference 147

5 Should and ought to express mild obligation, or advice. They both 3 Shall.,.? is used in questions with the first person, / and we. It
express what, in the speaker's opinion, is the right or best thing to expresses an offer, a suggestion, or a request for advice.
do. ' Shall I carry your bag for you?' 'That's very kind. Thank you.'
You're always asking me for money. I think you should spend less. Shall we go out for a meal tonight?' 'Mmm. I'd love to.'
You ought to be more careful with your money. ' What shall we do? We haven't got any money.' ' We could ask Dad.'
I know I shouldn't keep buying you presents, but I just love you! We use should to make an informal suggestion.
You shouldn't sit so close to the television! It's bad for your eyes. What should we have for dinner?
Expressing permission What should we do tonight?
Can, may, and be allowed to are used to express permission. Can is
more informal and usually spoken.
You can borrow my bike, but you can't have the car. I need it. UNIT 5
May we smoke in here?
You can't come in here with those muddy shoes' Future forms
You're allowed to get married when you're sixteen.
Are we allowed to use a dictionary for this test? There is no future tense in English as there is in many European
languages. However, English has several forms that can refer to the
Making requests future. Three of these are will, going to, and the Present Continuous.
1 There are many ways of making requests in English. I'll see you later.
We're going to see a film tonight. Do you want to come?
Can I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow evening.
Could help me, please?
you pass the salt, please?
The difference between them is not about near or distant future, or
Will
Would about certainty. The speaker chooses a future form depending on when
the decision was taken, and how the speaker sees the future event.
Would you mind helping me, please? There is more about this in Use below.
Can speak to you, please?
Could ask you a question? • Form
Positive and negative
Do you mind if 1 open the window?
Would you mind if I opened the window? 1 'II
He won't
Can, could, will, and would are all modal verbs. For an introduction They help you.
to modal verbs, see page 146. I'm/I'm not watch the football tonight
2 Could is (a little) more formal; can is (a little) more familiar. She's/She isn't going to
Could I...? and Could you ...? are very useful because they can be We're/We aren't
used in many different situations. I'm/I'm not
3 Here are some ways of responding to requests: He's/He isn't catching the 10.00 train.
You're/You aren't
A Excuse me! Could you help me?
B Sure.
Of course. Question
Well, I'm afraid I'm a bit busy at the moment. will you
A Would you mind if I opened the window? arrive?
What time are you going to
B No, not at all. are you meeting the manager?
No, that's fine,
Well, I'm rather/a little chilly, actually. Note that we avoid saying going to come or going to go.
Making offers We're coming tomorrow.
When are you going home?
1 Will and shall are used to express offers. They are both modal verbs.
For an introduction to modal verbs, sec page 146. • Use
2 The contracted form of will is used to express an intention, decision 1 Prediction (will and going to)
or offer made at the moment of speaking.
Come over after work. I'll make a meal for you. will
'It's Jane's birthday today' 'Is it? I'll buy her some flowers.' The most common use of will is as an auxiliary verb to show future
Give him your suitcase. He'll carry it for you. time. It expresses a future fact or prediction. It is called the pure
Don't worry about the bus. Dave'tl give you a lift. future, or the Future Simple.
Give it back or we'll call the Police! We'll be away for two weeks.
In many languages, this idea is often expressed by a present tense, Those flowers won't grow under the tree. It's too dark.
but in English this is wrong. Our love will last forever.
You'll be sick if you eat all those sweets!
NOT *I give you my number
Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact.
NOT *1 carry y»tn-swtease
/ think Laura will do very well in her exams. She works hard,
Other uses of will are dealt with in Unit 5. lam convinced that inflation will fall to 3 per cent next year.

148 Grammar Reference

 going to Like as a preposition has an object after it:
Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it is based on She's wearing a hat like mine.
a present fact. There is evidence now that something is certain to He's nothing like his father.
happen. That sounds like the postman.
She's going to have a baby. (We can see she's pregnant.) You're behaving like children.
Liverpool are going to win the match. (It's four nil, and there's only This new girlfriend of his - what's she like?
five minutes left.) What's London like? is a very general question. It means 'Describe
It isn't going to rain today, (Look at that lovely blue sky.) London to me because I don't know anything about it', or 'What are
Sometimes there is no difference between will and going to. your impressions of London compared to other cities?'. The answer
can be a description or a comparison.
will ruin the country with its stupid
This government It's quite big, and it's very interesting. (= description)
is going to ruin economic policies. It's like New York, but without the tall buildings. (- comparison)
Decisions and intentions (will and going to) Be careful not to confuse a description and a comparison.
What's Peter like? (asks for a description)
Willis also used as a modal auxiliary verb to express a decision, lie's tall and good-looking. N O T *Hc's like tali....
intention or offer made at the moment of speaking. We saw this use
in Unit 4. (See page 148) What ... like? asks about the permanent nature of people and
I'll have the steak, please. things.
I'll see you tomorrow, Bye- What's your mother like?
Give me a ring some time. Well go out for a drink. What's the health system like in your country?
'Jeff, there's someone at the door!' 'OK, I'll get it.' How ,,,? is used to ask about the present condition of something
Remember that you can't use the present tense for this use. that can change.
NOT *Hiavc the steak. *I sec you tomorrow: How's work these days?
How was your Journey?
Going to is used to express a future plan, decision or intention, made How was the traffic this morning?
before the moment of speaking.
To ask about the weather, we can use both questions.
When I grow up, I'm going to be a doctor.
Jane and Peter are going to get married after they've graduated. What's the weather like
We're going to paint this room blue. How's the weather | ou are?
Arrangements (Present Continuous) 5 How ...? is also used to ask about people's health and happiness.
Compare the following.
The Present Continuous can be used to express a future
How's Peter?
arrangement between people. It usually refers to the near future.
He's fine.
We're going out with Jeremy tonight.
I'm having my hair cut tomorrow. What's Peter like?
What are we having for lunch? He's a nice guy. Quiet but funny. He's quite tall, has dark hair ...
Think of the things you might put in your diary to remind you of 6 How ...?{& also used to ask about people's reactions and feelings.
what you are doing over the next few days and weeks. These are the How was the party?
kinds of events that are often expressed by the Present Continuous How's your meal?
for the future. The verbs express some kind of activity or movement. How's your new job?
I'm meeting Peter tonight. Sometimes we can use What... like? or How ...?, but they aren't the
The Taylors are coming for dinner. same. What ... like? asks for an objective description. How ...?asks
I'm seeing the doctor in the morning. for personal feelings.
We're going to a party on Saturday night. How's the party?
We're catching the 10.00 train. It's great!
Remember, that you can't use the present tense for this use. What's the party like?
NOT*i-mcct Peter tonight, It's very noisy, but there's lots to eat and drink.
°4-scc the doctor in the morning.
*What do you do this evening? Verb + -ing or infinitive?
Sometimes there is no difference between an agreed arrangement See Appendix 2 on page 158 for a list of verb patterns.
(Present Continuous) and an intention (going to).
We're going to get Relative clauses
married in the spring.
We're getting 1 Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are
talking about. It makes it possible to give more information about
the person or thing being spoken about.
UNIT 6 'The boy has gone into hospital.'
(Which boy?)
like 'The boy who lives next door has gone into hospital'
1 Be careful not to confuse like as a verb and like as a preposition. 'The book is very good.'
Like as a verb has a person as subject: (Which book?)
/ like modern art. ' The book that I bought yesterday is very good.'
I don't like the way he looks at me. 'This is a photo of the hotel.'
Do you like fish? (Which hotel?)
Would you like a drink? 'This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed.'

Grammar Reference 149

2 We use who to refer to people (and we can also use that). We use
Use
that to refer to things (and we can also use which).
The book is about a girl wholthat marries a millionaire. The Present Perfect has three main uses.
What was the name of the horse that/which won the race? It expresses an action which began in the past and still continues.
3 When who or that is the object of a relative clause, it can be left out. We've lived in the same house for twenty-five years.
Peter's worked as a teacher since 1991.
The person you need to talk to is on holiday.
How long have you known each other?
This is the best wine I've ever tasted.
They've been married for twenty years.
The book I bought yesterday is very good.
Have you found the keys you lost? Many languages express this idea with a present tense: 'Peter is a
teacher; Peter is a teacher for ten years', but in English the second
But when who or that is the subject of a relative clause, it must be sentence is wrong.
used.
Peter is a teacher for ten-yea-fs. X
/ like people who are kind and considerate.
I want a car that is cheap to run. Peter has been a teacher for ten years. %/
4 Which can be used to refer to the whole previous sentence or idea. Note the time expressions that are common with this use. We use for
with a period of time, and since with a point in time.
[passed my driving test first time, which surprised everyone.
Jane can't come to the party, which is a shame. two years 1970
a month the end of the lesson
5 We use whose to refer to someone's possessions.
for a few minutes sin August
That's the woman whose son won the lottery.
half an hour 8.00
6 We can use where to refer to places. ages Christmas
The hotel where we stayed was right on the beach. 2 It expresses an experience that happened at some time in one's life.
We went back to the place where we first met. The action is in the past and finished, but the effects of the action
are still felt. When the action happened is not important.
I've been to the States. (I still remember.)
UNIT 7 She's written poetry, children's stories, and biographies. (In her writing
career)
Have you ever had an operation? (At any time in your life up to now)
Present Perfect How many times has he been married? (In his life)
The same form (have + past participle) exists in many European Note the adverbs that arc common with this use.
languages, but the uses in English are different. In English the Present
Have you ever been to Australia? I've never tried bunjee jumping.
Perfect is essentially a present tense but it also expresses the effect of
I haven't tried sake before. It's very nice.
past actions and activities on the present.
Note that questions and answers about definite times are expressed
in the Past Simple.
When did you go to the States?
Was her poetry published while she was alive?
I broke my leg once, but I didn't have to stay in hospital.
He met his second wife in the dry cleaner's.
Present Perfect means 'before now'. The Present Perfect does not 3 It expresses a past action that has a present result. The action is
express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have to usually in the recent past.
use the Past Simple. I've lost my wallet. (I haven't got it now.)
In my life I have travelled to all five continents. The taxi hasn't arrived. (We're still waiting for it.)
I travelled round Africa in 1988. What have you done to your lip? (It's bleeding.)
Peter has shaved his beard off! (He looks different.)
• Form We often announce news in the Present Perfect, because the speaker
Positive and negative is emphasizing the event as a present fact.
Have you heard? The Prime Minister has resigned.
1
We 've Susan's had her baby!
You haven't I've ruined the meal. It's burnt.
They lived in Rome. Note the adverbs that are common with this use.
He 's I haven't done my homework yet. (Negative)
She hasn't Has the postman been yet? (Question)
I've already done my homework.
Question I've just seen some scissors. Now where did I put them?
Again, details about definite time will be in the Past Simple.
She resigned because she lost a vote of no confidence.
How long have
you known Peter? She had a baby boy this morning. It was a difficult birth.
[didn't watch it carefully enough.
How long has she
he Final notes
1 Be careful with been and gone.
He's been to America. (= experience - he isn't there now.)
She's gone to America. (= present result - she's there now.)

150 Grammar Reference

2 Compare the following sentences. Type 2
a I've lived in Paris for six years. (I still live there.)
/ lived in Paris for six years. (Now I live somewhere else.) Verb + particle + object (separable)
b Shakespeare wrote thirty plays. (He can't write any more.) a 1 put up the picture.
I've written several books. (I can still write some more.) b I put up my sister for the night.
c Have you seen Billy this morning? (It's still morning.) In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
Did you see Billy this morning? (It's the afternoon or evening.) idiomatically. To put up means to give someone food and a place to
3 Compare the following right and wrong sentences. sleep usually for the night or a few days.
Type 2 multi-word verbs are separable. The object (noun or pronoun)
RIGHT WRONG can come between the verb and the particle.
a When did you go to Greece? * When have you been to Greece
I put up the picture. I put up my sister,
b I saw him yesterday, * I have seen him yesterday-. I put the picture up. I put my sister up.
c I've studied English for But if the object is a pronoun, it always comes between the verb and
three years, * I study English for three ycor3.
the particle.
d Where did you buy * Whefo have you bought your
your jumper? •jumper? /put it up. NOT * I put up it.
e I haven't brought my * I didn't bring my dictionary to I put her up. NOT * -4-put up her.
dictionary to class. Examples with a literal meaning:
The waiter took away the plates.
4 We can see how the Present Perfect refers to indefinite time and the Don't throw it away.
Past Simple refers to definite time by looking at the time expressions They're pulling that old building down.
used with the different tenses.
Examples with an idiomatic meaning:
I put off the meeting. (= postpone)
Present Perfect - indefinite Past Simple - definite She told her boyfriend off for being late. (= be angry with)
for a long time, yesterday.
Don't let me down. (- disappoint)
since July, last week.
I've done it before,
Type 3
two days ago.
recently. I did it at eight o'clock. Verb + particle + object (inseparable)
in 1987.
I've already done it. when I was young. a She came across the room.
I haven't done it yet. for a !ong time. b She came across an old friend while she was out shopping.
In a. the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used
5 American English is different from British English. In American idiomatically. To come across means to find by accident.
English, the following sentences are correct.
Type 3 multi-word verbs are inseparable. The object (noun or pronoun)
Did you hear the news? The President resigned!
always comes after the particle.
Did you do your homework yet? NOT *She came an old friend across, or *She came her across.
Your father just called you.
I already had breakfast. Examples with a literal meaning:
I'm looking for Jane.
Multi-word verbs They ran across the park
We drove past them.
There are four types of multi-word verbs.
Examples with an idiomatic meaning:
Type 1 I'll look after it for you. (- care for)
She takes after her father. (= resemble)
Verb + particle (no object) He never got over the death of his wife. (- recover from)
a He put on his coat and went out
b / didn't put enough wood on the fire and it went out. Type 4
In a, the verb and particle are used literally. In b, they are used Verb + particle + particle
idiomatically. To go out means to stop burning.
/ get on very well with my boss.
Examples with literal meaning: I'm looking forward to it.
Sit down. How can you put up with that noise?
She stood up and walked out. Type 4 multi-word verbs are nearly always idiomatic. The object cannot
Please go away. change position. It cannot come before the particles, or between the
She walked right past the shop without noticing it. particles.
Examples with idiomatic meaning: NOT *4'm looking forward it to.
The meat has gone off. (= go bad)
The marriage didn't work out. (= succeed)
Our plans fell through. (- fail)

Grammar Reference 151

UNIT 8 Second conditional
• Form
Conditionals lf+ Past Simple + would
There are many different ways of making sentences with if. It is Positive
important to understand the difference between sentences that express
If I won some money, I'd go round the world.
real possibilities, and those that express unreal situations.
My father would kill me if he could see me now.
Real possibilities
Negative
If it rains, we 7/ stay at home, (if + Present Simple + will)
I'd give up my job if I didn't like it.
If you've finished your work, you can go home, (if + Present Perfect +
If I saw a ghost, I wouldn't talk to it.
modal auxiliary verb)
If you're feeling ill, go home and get into bed (if + Present Continuous Question
+ imperative) What would you do if you saw someone shoplifting?
Unreal situations If you needed help, who would you ask?
You would understand me better if you came from my country, (would + Note that was can change to were in the condition clause.
if + Past Simple)
If I were rich, I wouldn't have any problems, (if + were + would) were rich, wouldn't have to work.
If I stopped smoking, I could run faster (if + Past Simple + modal
auxiliary verb)
• Use
There are several patterns which you need to know to understand the 1 We use the Second Conditional to express an unreal situation and
variations. Note that a comma is usual when the (/clause comes first. its probable result. The situation or condition is improbable,
First Conditional impossible, imaginary, or contrary to known facts.
If I were the president of my country, I'd increase taxation. (But it's
• Form not very likely that I will ever be the president.)
If my mother was still alive, she'd be very proud. (But she's dead.)
if + Present Simple + will If Ted needed any money, I'd lend it to him. (But he doesn't need it.)
Positive 2 Other modal verbs are possible in the result clause.
//' I find your wallet, I'll let you know. / could buy some new clothes if I had some money.
We'll come and see you on Sunday if the weather's good. If I saved a little every week, I might be able to save up for a car.
Negative If you wanted that job, you'd have to apply very soon.
You won't pass the exams if you don't revise. 3 If I were you, I'd ... is used to give advice.
If you lose your ticket, you won't be able to go. // / were you, I'd apologize to her.
Question I'd take it easy for a while if I were you.
What will you do if you don't find a job?
First or Second Conditional?
If there isn't a hotel, where will you stay?
Both conditionals refer to the present and future. The difference is
Note that we do not usually use will'm the //clause. about probability, not time. It is usually clear which conditional to use.
NOT *If" you will leave now, you'll catch the train. First Conditional sentences are real and possible: Second Conditional
*If I'll go out tonight, I'll give you a ring. sentences express situations that will probably never happen.
If I lose my job, I'll... (My company is doing badly. There is a strong
If can be replaced by unless (-if ... not) or in case (= because of the possibility of being made redundant.)
possibility ...).
If I lost my job, I'd ... (Redundancy probably won't happen. I'm just
Unless I hear from you, I'll arrive at 8 o'clock. speculating.)
I'll take my umbrella in case it rains. If there is a nuclear war, we'll all ... (Said by a pessimist.)
If there was a nuclear war, ... (But I don't think it will happen.)
• Use
1 First Conditional sentences express a possible condition and its Zero Conditional
probable result in the future. Zero Conditional sentences refer to 'all time', not just the present or
future. They express a situation that is always true, //"means when or
Condition (if clause) Result (Result clause) whenever.
If I find a jumper that suits you, I'll buy it for you. If you spend over £20 at that supermarket, you get a 5% discount.
If you can do the homework, give me a ring.
If you can find my purse, I might buy you an ice-cream. Time clauses
If you've never been to Wales, you should try to get there one day.
Conjunctions of time {when, as soon as, before, until, after) are not
usually followed by will. We use a present tense even though the time
We can use the First Conditional to express different functions (all reference is future.
of which express a possible condition and a probable result.) I'll phone you when I get home.
If you do that again, I'll kill you! (= a threat) As soon as dinner is ready, I'll give you a call.
Careful! If you touch that, you II burn yourself! (= a warning) Can I have a word with you before I go?
I'll post the letter if you like. (- an offer) Wait until I come back.
If you lend me £100, I'll love you forever. (- a promise)
We can use the Present Perfect if it is important to show that the action
in the time clause is finished.
When I've read the book, I'll lend it to you.
I'll go home after I've done the shopping.

152 Grammar Reference

would Asking about possibilities
Notice the use of would in the following sentences: Question forms with the above modal verbs are unusual. We usually use
She'd look belter with shorter hair. (- If she cut her hair, she'd look Do you think ...?
better.) 'Do you think she's married?' 'She can't be.'
' Where do you think he's from?' 'He might be French. He's very
would to express preference handsome.'
I'd love a cup of coffee. Do you think they've arrived yet?' 'They may have. Or they might hare
Where would you like to sit? got stuck in the traffic.'
I'd rather have coffee, please.
I'd rather not tell you, if that's all right. So do II Neither do II
What would you rather do, stay in or go out?
Notice how we repeat the auxiliary verbs when we agree or disagree by
would to express a request using So . . . /Neither . . . /. If there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did. Be
Would you open the door for me? careful with sentence stress.
Would you mind lending me a hand?
AGREEING DISAGREEING
UNIT 9 like ice-cream.
•
So do 1. 1 don't like Mary.
•
Ido.
# •
don't like working. 1 like blue cheese.
Modal verbs (2) must, could, might, can't Neither do 1. 1 don't,
can swim. So can 1. 1 can speak Polish. 1 can't
There is an introduction to modal auxiliary verbs on page 146. Modal
verbs can express ability, obligation, permission, and request. They can can't drive. Neither can 1. 1 saw Pat
1 didn't.
also express the idea of probability, or how certain a situation is. yesterday.
'm wearing jeans. So am 1. We're going now. We aren't
Expressing possibility/probability
1 We use must and can't to express the logical conclusion of a went out. So did 1. 1 haven't been
1 have.
situation: must = logically probable; can't - logically improbable. skiing.
We don't have all the facts, so we are not absolutely sure, but we are haven't been Neither I'm going to
pretty certain. have a coffee. I'm not.
to Paris. have 1.
He's very fit, though he must be at least sixty!
Suzie can't have a ten-year-old daughter! She's only twenty-five
herself! There are several ways of expressing the same ideas.
Is there no reply? They must be in bed. They can't be out at this time Tlike ice-cream.' 'Ido, too.' I 'Me too.'
of night. 'I don't like working' 'Idon't, either.' I 'Me neither.'
A walk in this weather! You must be joking!
2 We use may/might and could to express possibility in the present or
future. May/Might + not is the negative. Couldn't is rare in this use. UNIT 10
Take your umbrella. It might rain later
Dave and Beth aren't at home. They could be in the pub, I suppose.
We may go to Greece for our holidays. We haven't decided yet.
Present Perfect Continuous
You know we're going out tonight? Well, I might not be able to make Remember the ideas expressed by all continuous forms.
it. I might have to work late. 1 Activity in progress
3 We use will to express what we believe to be true about the present. Be quiet! I'm thinking.
We are guessing based on what we know about people and things, I was having a bath when the phone rang.
their routines, character, and qualities. I've been working since nine o'clock this morning
'There's a knock on the door.' 'That'll be the postman. He always calls 2 Temporary activity
at this time.' We're staying with friends until we find our own place to live.
Infinitives We've been living with them for six weeks.
Notice the different infinitives. 3 Possibly incomplete activity
I'm writing a report. I have to finish it by tomorrow.
Continuous infinitive
Who's been eating my sandwich?
You must be joking!
Peter must be working late. • Form
She could have been lying to you.
Positive and negative
Perfect infinitive to express degrees of probability in the past
He must have been drunk.
We 've
She can't have got home yet. You haven't
He might have got lost. They been working.
They could have moved house.
He
She 's
t hasn't

Grammar Reference 153

Question Time expressions
1 Here are some time expressions often found with certain tenses.
have you
How long we been working? Past Simple
she / lived in Rome for six years.
has it I saw Jack two days ago.
They met during the war.
She got married while she was at university.
Use
The Present Perfect Continuous expresses an activity which began in Present Perfect
the past and is still continuing now. We've been married for ten years.
I've been learning English for three years. They've been living here since June.
How long have you been working here? She hasn't been working since their baby was born.
There is sometimes no difference between the Simple and the Future
Continuous.
We're going on holiday for a few days.
I've played The lesson ends in twenty minutes' time.
the piano since I was a boy.
I've been playing I'll be home in half an hour.
If the Continuous is possible, English has a preference for using it.
Prepositions with dates, months, years, etc.
The Continuous can sometimes express a temporary activity, and
the Simple a permanent state. September
1965 Monday seven o'clock
I've been living in this flat for the past few months. (- temporary)
summer Monday morning Christmas
I've lived here all my life. (- permanent) the 1920s 8 August at the end of May
Remember that state verbs rarely take the Continuous (See page 144). the twentieth century Christmas Day the age often
I've had this book for ages. the holidays holiday tea time
I've always loved sunny days. the interval
2 The Present Perfect Continuous expresses a past activity which has
caused a present result.
I've been working all day. (I'm tired now.) UNIT 11
Have you been crying? (Your eyes are red.)
Roger's been cutting the grass. (I can smell it.) Questions
The past activity might be finished or it might not. The context Look at the following question words. Notice that What, Which and
usually makes this clear. Whose can combine with a noun, and How can combine with an
Look outside the window! It's been snowing! (It h a s s t o p p e d s n o w i n g adjective or an adverb.
now.) What sort of music do you like?
I've been writing this book for two years. (It still isn't finished.) What kind of cigarettes do you smoke?
I'm covered in paint because I've been decorating the bathroom. What size shoes do you take?
(It might be finished or it might not. We don't know.) What colour are your eyes?
Which pen do you want?
Present Perfect Simple or Continuous? Which way is it to the station?
1 The Simple expresses a completed action. Whose book is this?
I've painted the kitchen, and now I'm doing the bathroom. How much do you weigh?
How many brothers and sisters have you got?
The Continuous expresses an activity over a period, and things that
How many times have you been on a plane?
happened during the activity.
How much homework do you get every night?
I've got paint in my hair because I've been decorating. How tall are you?
2 Think of the verbs that have the idea of a long time, for example, How often do you go to the cinema?
wait, work, play, try, learn, rain. These verbs are often found in the How long does it take you to get to school?
Continuous.
Think of the verbs that don't have the idea of a long time, for
example find, start, buy, die, lose, break, stop. These verbs are more
usually found in the Simple.
I've been cutting firewood. (Perhaps over several hours.)
I've cut my finger. (One short action.)
3 The Simple expresses a completed action. This is why we use the
Simple if the sentence gives a number or quantity, and the
Continuous isn't possible.
I've been reading all day. I've read ten chapters.
She's been smoking ever since she arrived. She's had ten already.

154 Grammar Reference

Indirect questions UNIT 12
1 Indirect questions have the same word order as the positive and
there is no do/does/did.
Reported speech
Tom lives in Wimbledon.
Reported statements
I don't know where Tom lives 1 If the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g. said, told), it is usual
NOT *I don't know where docs Tom live. for the verb in the reported clause to move 'one tense back'.
Here are some more expressions that introduce indirect questions. present • past
/ wonder present perfect >- past perfect
I can't remember past — - ^ - past perfect
I've no idea how long the journey takes, 'I'm going.' He said he was going.
I'd like to know 'She's passed her exams.' He told me she had passed her exams.
I'm not sure 'My father died when I was six.' She said her father had died when
she was six.
If there is no question word, use if ot whether,
I don't know if I'm coming or not. 2 If the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g. says, asks), there is
I wonder whether it's going to rain. no tense change.
'The train will be late.' He says the train will be late.
2 We often make direct questions into indirect questions to make 'I come from Spain.' She says she comes from Spain.
them sound 'softer' or more polite.
Could you tell me 3 The 'one tense back' rule does have exceptions. If the reported
Do you know- speech is about something that is still true, the tense remains the
Do you happen to know what time the banks dose? same.
Have you any idea Rainforests are being destroyed. She told him that rainforests are
Do you remember being destroyed.
'I hate football.' / told him I hate football.
Question tags 4 The 'one tense back' rule also applies to reported thoughts and
1 Question tags are very common in spoken English. We use them to feelings.
keep conversation going by involving listeners and inviting them to / thought .she was married, but she isn't.
participate. The most common patterns are: positive sentence - I didn't know he was a teacher. I thought he worked in a bank.
negative tag, or negative sentence - positive tag. I forgot you were coming. Never mind. Come in.
You're Jenny, aren't you? I hoped you would ring.
It isn't a very nice day, is it? 5 Some modal verbs change.
2 We repeat the auxiliary verb in the tag. If there is no auxiliary, use can ^- could
do/does/did. will ^~ would
You haven't been here before, have you? may -• »• might
You can speak French, can't you? 'She can type well.' He told me she eouldlean type well.
We must take the dog out, mustn't we? 'I'll help you.' She said she'd help me.
She eats meat, doesn't she? '[ may come.' She said she might come.
Banks close at Jour, don't they? Other modal verbs don't change.
You went to bed late, didn't you? 'You should go to bed.' He told me I should go to bed.
Careful with question tags with I'm ... 'It might rain.' She said she thought it might rain.
I'm late, aren't I? (NOT *-am't ¥) Must can stay as must, or it can change to had to.
3 Notice the meaning of yes and no in answer to question tags. ' I must go!' He said he mustihad to go.
'You're coming, aren't you?' 'Yes.' (- I am coming.) 6 In more formal situations, we can use that after the reporting verb.
'No.' (= I'm not coming.) He told her (that) he would be home late.
4 The meaning of a question lag depends on how you say it. If the ta She said (that) sales were down on last year.
falls, the speaker expects people to agree with him/her.
7 There are many reporting verbs.
Beautiful day, isn't it? We rarely use say with an indirect object (i.e. the person spoken to).
It's just the sort of weather for swimming, isn't it? She said she was going.
NOT *She said to me she wa^ geiftgr
I'm a silly person, aren't I?
Tell is always used with an indirect object in reported speech.
You don't like my mother, do you? me
If the tag rises, the speaker is asking for confirmation. The speaker the doctor
She told us the news.
thinks he/she knows the answer, but isn't absolutely sure.
her husband
Your name's Abigail, isn't it?
Many verbs are more descriptive than say and tell, for example.
You're in advertising, aren't you? explain, interrupt, demand, insist, admit, complain, warn.
You work in the city, don't you? Sometimes we report the idea, rather than the actual words.
5 We can also use question tags with negative sentences to make a Til lend you some money.' He offered to lend me some money.
poh'te request for information or help. "I won't help you.' She refused to help me.
You couldn't lend me your car this evening, could you?

Grammar Reference 155

Reported questions
1 The word order in reported questions is different in reported speech.
There is no inversion of subject and auxiliary verb, and there is no
doldoesldid. This is similar to indirect questions (page 155).
'Why have you come here?1 / asked her why she had come here.
"What time is it?' He wants to know what time it is,
'Where do you live?' She asked me where I lived.
Note
We do not use a question mark in a reported question.
We do not use say in reported questions.
He said, ' How old are you?' He asked me how old I am.
2 If there is no question word, use if or whether.
whether
She wants to know she should wear a dress.
if
Reported commands, requests, etc.
1 Reported commands, requests, offers and advice are formed with a
verb + person + to + infinitive.
They told us to go away.
We offered to take them to the airport.
He urged the miners to go back to work.
She persuaded me to have my hair cut.
I advised the Prime Minister to leave immediately.
Note
say is not possible. Use ask ... to or told ... to, etc.
2 Notice the negative command. Use not before to.
He told me not to tell anyone.
The police warned people not to go out.
3 Notice we use tell for both reported statements and reported
commands, but the form is different.
Reported statements
He told me that he was going.
They told us that they were going abroad.
She told them what had been happening.
Reported commands
He told me to keep still.
The police told people to move on.
My parents told me to tidy my room.
4 We use ask for both reported commands and reported questions, but
the form is different.
Reported commands
I was asked to attend the interview.
He asked me to open my suitcase.
She asked me not to smoke.
Reported questions
He asked me what I did for a living.
I asked her how much the rent was.
She asked me why I had come.

156 Grammar Reference

Appendix 1
Irregular verbs
Base form Past Simple Past Participle Base form Past Simple Past Participle
be was/were been let let let
beat beat beaten lie lay lain
become became become light lit lit
begin began begun lose lost lost
bend bent bent
make made made
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown mean meant meant
break broke broken meet met met
bring brought brought must had to had to
build built built pay paid paid
burn burned/burnt burned/burnt put put put
burst burst burst read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
buy bought bought ride rode ridden
can could been able ring rang rung
catch caught caught rise rose risen
choose chose chosen run ran run
come came come
say said said
cost cost cost
sec saw seen
cut cut cut
dig dug dug sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw- drew drawn set set set
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt shake shook shaken
drink drank drunk shine shone shone
drive drove driven shoot shot shot
eat ate eaten show showed shown
fall fell fallen shut shut shut
feed fed fed
sing sang sung
feel felt felt
fight sink sank sunk
fought fought
find found found sit sal sat
fly flew flown sleep slept slept
forget forgot forgotten slide slid slid
forgive forgave forgiven smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
freeze froze frozen speak spoke spoken
get got got spend spent spent
give gave given spill spilled/spilt spilled/spilt
go went gone/been spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
grow grew grown stand stood stood
:iang hanged/hung hanged/hung steal stole stolen
have had had
stick stuck stuck
tiear heard heard
bide hid hidden swim swam swum
hit hit hit take took taken
hold held held teach taught taught
hurt hurt hurt tear tore torn
keep kept kept tell told told
kneel knelt knelt think thought thought
know knew known throw threw thrown
ay laid laid understand understood understood
;ead led led wake woke woken
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
.end lent lent write wrote written

Irregular verbs Appendix 1 157

Appendix 2
Verb patterns

Verbs + -ing Verbs + somebody + to + infinitive Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive

(with no change in meaning)
like advise
love allow begin
adore ask start raining
enjoy doing beg continue to rain
prefer cooking encourage
hate sightseeing expect
can't stand help me
don't mind need to do
finish invite him Verbs + -ing or to + infinitive
look forward to order to go (with a change in meaning)
remind them remember
tell to come doing
Note stop
want someone to do
Like, love, adore, prefer, hate are try
warn (+ not)
sometimes used with to but -ing is more
would like
usual and more general in meaning. Notes
would love
/ like cooking.
would prefer 1 / remember posting the letter.
I like to cook beef on Sundays.
would hate = I have a memory now of a past
action: posting the letter.
I remembered to post the letter.
Verbs + to + infinitive - I reminded myself to post the letter.
2 / stopped smoking.
agree Verbs + somebody + infinitive = I gave up the habit.
choose fno to) / stopped to smoke.
dare
let = I stopped doing something else in
decide her
make do order to have a cigarette.
expect us
forget help 3 / tried to sleep.
help = I wanted to sleep but it was
hope to do Notes difficult.
learn 1 To is used with make in the passive. / tried counting sheep and taking
manage to come We were made to work hard. sleeping pills.
need 2 Let cannot be used in the passive. = these were possible ways of getting
offer to cook Allowed to is used instead. to sleep.
promise She was allowed to leave.
refuse
seem
want
would like
would love
would prefer
would hate

Notes
1 Help and dare can be used
without to.
We helped tidy the kitchen.
They didn't dare disagree with him.
2 Have to for obligation
/ have to wear a uniform.
3 Used to for past habits.
/ used to smoke but I gave up last year.

158 Appendix 2 Verb patterns

Index
An index of grammatical items and functional areas
(SB 1 = Student's Book Unit 1; WB 3 = Workbook Unit 3; p 2 = page 2)

Grammatical items Functional areas

Action and state verbs SB 2 pi 8 Passives SB 1 p8 Agreeing and disagreeing SB 9 p95
Adjectives -Present SB 2 pl9, WB 2 pl5 Arrangements SB 5 p49
- base and strong SB 8 p82 - Past SB 3 p32, WB 3 p20 Complaining SB 10pl06
Adverbs - Present Perfect SB 7 p67: WB 7 p45 Describing people and places SB 6 p 62
- frequency SB 2 pl7, 20 Past Continuous SB 3 p24, WB 3 pl7 Giving opinions SB 3 p34
- modifying SB 2 p22, SB 8 p82 Past Perfect SB 3 p26, WB 3 pl9 Making suggestions SB 8 p85
- position SB 3 p33, WB 3 p22 Past Simple SB 3 p24, WB 3 pl7 Numbers SB2p23
- allowed to SB 4 p35, WB 4 p25 - and Past Continuous SB 3 p24, WB 3 Requests and offers SB 4 p 44
always with Present Simple and pl7 Saying sorry SB 12 pi 25
Continuous WB 2 pl4 - and Past Perfect SB 3 p26, WB 3 pl9 Signs and soundbites SB 6 p 64
Auxiliary verbs SB 1 p6, WB 1 p5 Prepositions Social expressions SB 1 pl4
Comparatives SB 6 p62 - in, at, on for time WB 3 p23 Telephoning SB 7 p75
Conditionals SB 8 - in, at, on for place WB 5 p35 Using public transport SB 5 p55
- First conditional SB 8 p76, WB - in questions WB 11 p69
- Adjectives + preposition WB 9 p59
- Second conditional SB 8 p78, WB 8 - Nouns + preposition WB 7 p47
- Prepositions of time WB 10 p65
- Zero conditional SB 8 p79, WB 8 - Verbs + preposition WB 1 plO
p49 Present Continuous SB 2 pi7, WB 2 pi 3
Continuous aspect WB 10 p61 - for future SB 5 p47, WB 5 p32
Continuous infinitive WB 9 p55 Present Perfect Simple SB 7 p65,
Future forms SB 5 WB 7 p42
- will and going to SB 5 p45, WB 5 - and Past Simple SB 7 p65, WB 7 p42
p30 - and Present Perfect Continuous
- Present Continuous SB 5 p47, WB 5 SB 10p96, WB 10p60
p32 • Present Perfect Continuous SB 10,
have/have got SB I p6, WB 1 p8 WB 10p60
have to SB 4 p35, 38, WB 4 p24, 27 Present Simple SB 2 pl5, WB 2 pll
Indirect questions SB 11 plO7, WB 11 - and Present Continuous SB 2 pl7
Question tags SB 11 plO9, WB 11 p70
like SB 6 p56, WB 6 p36 Relative clauses WB 6 p40
like versus as WB 6 p38 Relative pronouns SB 6 p64
Modal auxiliary verbs Reported speech SB 12 pi 16, WB 12
- ability WB 4 p26 p73
- obligation SB 4 p37, WB 4 p24, 27 - statements and questions SB 12 pi 16,
- permission SB 4 p35, WB 4 p25 WB 12 p73
- probability (present) SB 9 p86, WB 9 -commands SB 12 pi 18. WB 12 p75
p54 Short answers SB 1 p8
(past) SB 9 p88, WB 9 p55 somebody, nobody, etc. WB 5 p33
Multi-word verbs Tense revision SB 1 p8, WB 7 p45
- common verbs WB 11 p72 Time clauses SB 8 p76, WB 8 p49
- literal and idiomatic meaning SB 7 Time expressions SB 2 p20, SB 7 p67,
p72 SB 10 p98, WB 7 p44, WB 10 p63
-look and be W B 2 p l 6 Verb + -ing or infinitive SB 6 p58,
- + objects WB 6 p41 WB 6 p38
- separable or inseparable SB 7 p73. What ... like? SB 6 p56, WB 6 p36
WB 4 p29 when/while/during/for SB 3 p26, WB 3
- with more than one meaning WB 8 p21
p53 wish and if only ... WB 8 p51
- with two particles SB 7 p73, WB 12 would rather SB 8 p78, WB 8 p50
p79

index 159
 Liz and John Soars p 26
Acknowledgements permission of international Music
Publications. Solo Syndication/Mail Newspapers pp 70, 71
Frank Spooner pp 100 (Gamma), 108 (A Berg - BUI
Every endeavour has been made to identify the Clinton, Gamma - The Beatles), 112 [old man)
sources of all material used. The publisher Tony Stone Images pp 6 {Olympics), 10 (F Ivaldi),
apologizes for any omissions. 11 (T Beddow - sunbathers, M Kezar -
Illustrations by: harvesters), 15 (P Tweedie - teenager, D Stewart
The authors would like to thank all the staff at
Oxford University Press, especially the editor of Richard Allen pp 92, 93 - man with glasses, V Oliver - old lady, K Fisher
this book, Elana Katz, for their help, Stephan Chabluk pp 64, 67, 74 -young woman and man with moustache), 34 (B
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encouragement and dedication throughout the
Paul Dickinson pp 32, 33 embracing), 51 (R Grosskopf- Venice, AB
writing of the series. We are deeply indebted to
Sue Faulks/Eikon Ltd pp 17, 18, 46 Wadham - David, A Smith - Big Ben, T
them.
Rosamund Fowler pp 12, 28, 44, 63, 111 Craddock - Belgian lace), 57 (P Webster -
The publishers and authors are very grateful to Gay Galsworthy p 37 Indian food), 62 (D Hughes - London view,
the following teachers and institutions for reading Clive Goodyer pp 22, 80, 91 A Sotirou - NY cafe), 98 (Dale Durfee), 115
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invaluable comment and feedback on the course: Gordon Hendry p 146 Topham Picture Source pp 30 {portrait), 69, 108
Alex Boulton Paula Jullian Peter Hudspith pp 39, 72, 75, 106 {Queen Victoria)
Henny Burke David Massey Conny Jude p 14 The Times p 9 (Masthead)
Antonio Marcelino Carnpo Paul Packer Ian Kellas pp 6, 15, 38, 45, 55, 65, 77, 107, 125 John Walmsley Photo Library pp 34 [neighbours),
Anna Gawrys-Stosio Jeremy Page Frances Lloyd pp 8, 48, 88, 89 49 {arranging to meet). 74, 114 {'Josh' and
John Golding Stephanie Richards Andrew Morris pp 40, 41, 85, 95, 113 'Fiona")
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Handwriting by: Kathy Baxendale
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p 15 Adapted from 'The happiest person in
Pablo Picasso © Succession Picasso/DACS 1996 Oxford University Press
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The Mary Evans Picture Library pp 6 (printing), 7
Dictionary', © Oxford University Press.
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© Focus.
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Phonetic symbols
Vowels and diphthongs
i: as in see /si:/ 3: as in fur /fs:(r)/
i as in sit /sit/ 3 as in ago /a'gsu/
e as in ten /ten/ ei as in page /peidy
'£ as in hat /haet/ as in home /hsum/
a: as in arm /a:m/ ai as in five /faiv/
D as in got /got/ ao as in now /nao/
o: as in saw /so:/ 01 as in join /d30in/
u as in put /pat/ 13 as in near /ni3(r)/
u: as in too /tu:/ eo as in hair /he3(r)/
A as in cup /kAp/ O3 as in pure /pjua(r)/
i as in happy /'haepi/

Consonants
p as in pen /pen/ s as in SO /S9O/
b as in bad /bsed/ z as in zoo /zu:/
t as in tea /ti:/ I as in she /Ji:/
d as in did /did/ 3 as in vision /'vi3n/
k as in cat /kaet/ h as in how /hao/
g as in got /gDt/ m as in man /masn/
tj as in chin /tfm/ n as in no /nsu/
as in June /d3u:n/ n as in sing /sin/
f as in fall /foil/ 1 as in leg /leg/
v as in voice /VDIS/ r as in red /red/
as in thin /Gin/ i as in yes /jes/
as in then /6en/ w as in wet /wet/

, - •

UKMA Library * Book

0024908