Phase 1: Basics of Computing and Networking
# 1. Understand Computer Fundamentals
- Learn Operating Systems: Windows, macOS, and Linux (especially command-line interface).
- Hardware and Software: Learn how they interact.
- Virtualization: Familiarize yourself with tools like VirtualBox or VMware for setting up virtual
environments.
# 2. Networking Basics
- OSI Model: Understand the 7 layers and how networking works.
- TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Learn about IP addressing, DNS, DHCP, and HTTP/HTTPS.
- Subnetting: Learn how to subnet and understand network topologies.
- Wi-Fi & Ethernet: Learn the basics of wireless and wired networks.
# 3. Linux Skills
- Linux Fundamentals: Master Linux commands (start with Kali Linux).
- Bash Scripting: Automate tasks with shell scripts.
- File Permissions & Processes: Manage file permissions and system processes.
Phase 2: Programming Skills
# 1. Learn Essential Programming Languages
- Python: A must-learn for scripting and writing exploits.
- C/C++: Useful for understanding low-level system operations.
- JavaScript: Essential for web hacking (XSS, manipulating web applications).
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- SQL: Learn SQL for SQL injection attacks.
# 2. Develop Problem-Solving Skills
- Data Structures & Algorithms: Build a strong foundation in DSA (arrays, lists, trees).
- Practice Programming: Use platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, and Codeforces.
Phase 3: Understanding Security Concepts
# 1. Learn About System Security
- Encryption & Cryptography: Learn the basics of encryption algorithms (AES, RSA, SHA).
- Firewalls: Understand firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).
- Authentication & Authorization: Study how user access is controlled.
# 2. Explore Ethical Hacking Concepts
- Penetration Testing: Learn about pentesting methodologies (OWASP Top 10).
- Vulnerability Assessment: Understand how vulnerabilities are assessed.
- Social Engineering: Study techniques like phishing, pretexting, and baiting.
Phase 4: Master Hacking Techniques
# 1. Learn Reconnaissance and Scanning
- Footprinting: Understand how to gather information about a target (active and passive
reconnaissance).
- Port Scanning: Use tools like Nmap to scan open ports.
- Banner Grabbing: Collect system information during penetration testing.
# 2. System Exploitation
- Exploits and Vulnerabilities: Study real-world vulnerabilities (CVEs).
- Privilege Escalation: Learn techniques to gain elevated access.
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- Exploitation Frameworks: Master tools like Metasploit and Burp Suite.
Phase 5: Web Application Hacking
# 1. Web Security Concepts
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Understand and exploit XSS vulnerabilities.
- SQL Injection (SQLi): Learn how to find and exploit SQL vulnerabilities.
- Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Study how to manipulate user sessions.
# 2. Master Web Hacking Tools
- Burp Suite: Learn how to intercept web traffic and test for vulnerabilities.
- OWASP ZAP: Use it for scanning web applications for vulnerabilities.
- Fuzzing Tools: Learn how to discover inputs that could cause systems to crash or behave
unexpectedly.
Phase 6: Learn Wireless Network Hacking
# 1. Wi-Fi Cracking Techniques
- WEP/WPA/WPA2 Hacking: Learn about weaknesses in wireless protocols.
- Aircrack-ng: Use this tool to crack wireless keys.
- Rogue Access Points: Learn how to create and detect fake access points.
Phase 7: Cryptography & Reverse Engineering
# 1. Understand Cryptography
- Encryption Algorithms: Study how encryption works (RSA, DES, AES).
- Cryptographic Attacks: Learn attacks like brute force, dictionary attacks, and man-in-the-middle
(MITM).
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# 2. Reverse Engineering
- Assembly Language: Learn assembly for analyzing binaries.
- Debuggers: Use tools like GDB or OllyDbg to dissect programs.
- Disassemblers: Familiarize yourself with tools like IDA Pro to reverse engineer applications.
Phase 8: Specialized Areas of Hacking
# 1. Mobile Hacking
- Android & iOS Security: Learn how mobile systems are structured.
- App Vulnerabilities: Learn about vulnerabilities in mobile apps (Android APK reversing).
# 2. Cloud Hacking
- Cloud Security: Learn how cloud services (AWS, Azure) can be attacked.
- Data Exfiltration: Study cloud-based vulnerabilities and ways to extract data.
# 3. Internet of Things (IoT) Hacking
- IoT Security Issues: Understand the vulnerabilities in IoT devices.
- Smart Devices: Learn to exploit weaknesses in smart home devices.
Phase 9: Build a Hacking Toolkit
# 1. Essential Tools to Learn
- Wireshark: Network packet analysis.
- Metasploit: Exploitation framework for finding and exploiting vulnerabilities.
- Nmap: Network discovery and security auditing.
- John the Ripper: Password cracking tool.
# 2. Mastering Virtual Machines
- Set up a virtual lab using Kali Linux, Metasploitable, or other vulnerable virtual machines.
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Phase 10: Practice & Stay Updated
# 1. Engage with the Hacking Community
- CTFs (Capture the Flag): Participate in online hacking competitions (Hack The Box, TryHackMe).
- Forums: Engage with ethical hacking communities on Reddit, StackExchange, and GitHub.
- Security Blogs: Follow blogs like KrebsOnSecurity, ThreatPost, and The Hacker News.
# 2. Get Certified
- CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker)
- OSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional)
- CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional)
# 3. Build a Portfolio
- Document your hacking projects, publish your findings on GitHub, and showcase write-ups for
various challenges and vulnerabilities you've worked on.
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This roadmap provides a comprehensive pathway to becoming an ethical hacker, emphasizing both
technical skills and hands-on practice. The key to success is persistence, continuous learning, and staying
updated with new cybersecurity trends and vulnerabilities.
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