Rewrite the following sentences and add the available modal verbs to the appropriate position.

1. Perhaps Susan knows the address. (may)

=> Susan__________________________________________________
2. It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might)
=> Joanna ________________________________________________
3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
=> The report ______________________________________________
4. I managed to finish all my work. (able)
=> I______________________________________________________
5. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)
=> Nancy__________________________________________________
6. If I were you, I would spend more time talking with my children. (should)
→You ____________________________________________________
7. John doesn’t get permission to use that computer. (mustn’t)
→John ___________________________________________________
8. It is necessary that people who work here leave by 6 p.m. (must)
→ People _________________________________________________
9. Customers are advised to check their luggage before leaving the airport. (ought to)
→ Customers _____________________________________________
10. Ms. Ly is in charge of cleaning the floor every day. (has to)
Ms. Ly _____________________________________________
11. I will tell you my secret, but you tell anyone. (mustn’t)
I will tell you ________________________________________________
12. You spend too much time playing computer games. You stop that. (must)
You spend __________________________________________________
13. We wear helmets when we ride a motorbike. (have to)
We ________________________________________________________
14. I book the tickets in advance. (don’t have to)
I __________________________________________________________
15. Alia, you say rude words like that. (mustn’t)
Alia, you ___________________________________________________
Read the text and choose the best answer.
The generation gap means a big difference between one generation and another, especially between young people and their
parents. This often leads to many conflicts. Such family conflicts can hurt the relationship between parents and children.
No matter how old their children are, parents still see them as small kids. They believe their children are too young to protect
themselves or make good choices. So, parents try very hard to help their children learn about the world. However, they forget
that as children grow up, they want to be more independent and develop their own identity by forming their own opinions,
thoughts, styles, and values about life.
One common issue that causes conflicts is the clothes teenagers wear. While teens like to wear trendy clothes that follow youth
fashion, parents who prefer traditional clothes think that these outfits break the rules of society. It gets worse when the
expensive brand-name clothes teens choose are too much for their parents to afford.
Another reason for conflicts is the choice of career or education. Young people are told they have many great opportunities
waiting for them. However, their parents often push their own choices of college or career on their offspring, ignoring what
their children really want.
After all, conflicts between parents and children are common in families. The best, and only way to solve these them is having
open communication to build trust and understanding between family members.
1. What is the main problem caused by the generation gap?
A) Parents do not like their children’s friends.
B) There are many conflicts between parents and children.
C) Children buy expensive clothes and choose wrong career.
D) Children cannot protect themselves.
2. Why do parents often have conflicts with their children?
A) They want their children to wear more clothes.
B) They see their children as small kids and try to control them.
C) They do not care about their children's choices.
D) They want to buy new clothes for themselves.
3. What is one reason teenagers and parents argue about clothing?
A) Parents like trendy clothes.
B) Teenagers like to wear traditional clothes.
C) Parents think trendy clothes break societal rules.
D) Teenagers do not care about fashion.
4. What do parents often do regarding their children's career choices?
A) They allow their children to choose freely.
B) They push their own choices on their children.
C) They do not talk about careers.
D) They ask their children what they want to do.
5. What is suggested as a solution to conflicts between parents and children?
A) To ignore each other.
B) To have open communication.
C) To build a new family.
D) To follow all the parents' rules.
Passage 2:
The first thing that is included in the "living together” (1) ________ is the expected good relations with your family. This also
involves sharing equally the housework. (2) ________ of people think that everyone should share the housework equally, but in
many homes parents do most of it. To certain minds, many families can't share the housework whereas they should try it. In
fact, sharing the housework equally is not very possible because of the families' timetable. So, it is somehow believed that
children and parents must do things together. For this they can establish a housework planning.
(3) _________ , housework's contributions of the teenager make him more responsible. He will think that he has an important
role in his family. According to researchers, teenagers should share the housework because (4) ________ will help them when
they have to establish their own family in the future. Too many teenagers and young adults leave home without knowing how to
cook or clean, but if parents delegate basic housework to teens as they are old enough to do it, they won't be destabilized by
doing the housework in their new grown-up life.
It can be (5) ________ concluded that many parents don't really prepare their children for future, because they don't stimulate
them to learn how to run a house. If parents get them responsible, teens will be more responsible and that will improve family's
life.
(Source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013)
1. A. custom B. tradition C. notion D. trend
2. A. lots B. few C. little D. a lot of
3. A. In addition B. However C. In contrast D. In case
4. A. which B. what C. that D. who
5. A. likely B. probably C. auspiciously D. possibly
 Modal Ý nghĩa Perfect Ý nghĩa
verbs modals
Should + một lời khuyên. Should + việc được mong đợi nhưng đã không xảy ra.
+ một hành động được mong đợi sẽ have + việc nên được làm trong quá khứ nhưng đã không được
diễn ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. (đáng lẽ hoàn thành.
nên) Eg: You should have taken that bill.
Would + hành động trong quá khứ nhưng đã Would + việc sẽ xảy ra trong quá khứ nếu được thỏa điều kiện.
không còn xảy ra nữa. have + việc sẵn lòng làm trong quá khứ nhưng đã không làm.
+ một lời đề nghị lịch sự. (đáng lẽ Eg: I would have become a doctor (but I gave up)
+ kết quả của một giả thiết không có sẽ)
thật ở hiện tại.
Must + tính cần thiết của một việc. Must have + việc chắc chắn (có thật) trong quá khứ
+ một luật lệ bắt buộc. (hẳn là đã) Eg: There is no milk in the fridge. They must have used up
+ sự chắc chắn ở hiện tại. the milk.

+ một lời khuyên/ tư vấn.

Can’t + việc không thể xảy ra (không có Can’t have + việc không thể xảy ra (không có thật/ không có khả
thật/ không có khả năng) ở hiện tại. (hẳn là đã năng) ở quá khứ.
không) Eg: They can’t have destroyed the church. The citizen
there did not want it at all.
Could + một năng lực ở quá khứ. Could + việc có thể diễn ra trong quá khứ, nhưng đã không diễn
+ việc có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại. have ra. (đáng lẽ đã. Eg. You could have died)

+ lời khuyên/ lời mời/ đề nghị. + việc không chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. (chắc là
đã: I think they could have used up the milk)
May/ + việc có thể xảy ra ở tương lai. May/might + việc không chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. (có lẽ đã.
might Được dùng như là dạng quá khứ của have Eg: I guess they may have used up the milk)
“may” (Must have > could have > might have)
Needn’t + việc không cần thiết phải thực hiện Needn’t + việc không cần thiết phải thực hiện ở quá khứ, nhưng đã
ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. have xảy ra rồi.
Eg: You needn’t have bought that much sugar, we already
have some at home.
1. Choose the best answer
1. You ......out last night. I called several times but nobody answered the phone.
a. must be b. must have been c. could have been d. should have been
2. Micheal’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he .........last night.
a. must have studied hard b. should have studied hard c. must study hard d. must had to study hard
3. Look! The yard is wet. It ......last night.
a. must rain b. couldn’t have rained c. must have rained d. should have rained
4. We ....you more help, but we were too busy.
a. might have given b. must have given c. should give d. could give
5. You ....your pass at the entrance unless you are asked to do so.
a. mustn’t show b. needn’t show c. haven’t to show d. B and C
2. Choose the correct perfect modal
1. The student should have / could have finished the national test by now.
2. My colleague looks exhausted. She must have / should have worked hard all day.
3. If people had been more aware of environment protection, many animals wouldn’t have / can’t have gone extinct.
4. You might not have / need not have done that assignment today. Our professor already gave us the answer keys for it.
5. Ben can’t have / couldn’t have been at John’s home last night. I was there all the time but I didn’t see Ben.
Đáp án:
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. a
5. b

Đáp án: 1. Should have, 2. Must have, 3. Wouldn’t have, 4. Need not have, 5. Can’t have.