Table of Specifications

IMAGE PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION

Professional Regulatory Board of Radiologic Technology

Effective 2022
PQF Descriptor Level 6 (Radiologic Technologist)
Domain: KSV Domain: APPLICATION Domain: DEGREE OF
Descriptor: Demonstrated broad and Descriptor: Application is professional / creative INDEPENDENCE
coherent knowledge and skills in the field of work or research in a specialized field of discipline Descriptor: Substantial degree of
study for professional work lifelong learning. and/or further study. independence in individual work
and/or in terms of related fields
with minimal supervision.
DIFFICULTY LEVEL Easy (30%) Moderate (50%) Difficult (20%)
Bloom’s Taxonomy Remembering Understanding Applying Analyzing Evaluating Creating
TOPICS AND OUTCOME Wgt No. of
. Items
The examinees can perform
the following competencies
under each topic:
A. Film-Screen Image 40 40
Acquisition, Processing
and Image Analysis
1. Processing Room 5 5
Design
1.1 Explain the 2 2 2
importance of a
radiographic
darkroom and its
design as to
• size and location,
• construction
considerations,
and
• entrances.
1.2 Assess safelight 2 2 2
illumination, filter,
bulb size/wattage,
mounting distance,
and direction
appropriate for
specific image
receptor systems.
1.3 Explain the 1 1 1
importance of
shielding and
drainage system.
2. Imaging Accessories 10 10
2.1 Illustrate the basic 3 3 3
structure, the
functions, and
properties of each
component of
radiographic film.
2.2 Recognize the 1 1 1
features and
purpose of the
characteristic curve.
 2.3 Illustrate the 3 3 3
important
considerations of
proper film storage
and handling as to
• temperature,
• humidity,
• light,
• radiation, and
• pressure.
2.4 Identify various 3 3 3
types of image
receptor holders and
the function of each
component of an
intensifying screen.
3. Processing of Latent 10 10
Image
3.1 Explain latent image 3 3 3
formation.
3.2 Illustrate the various 7 7 7
processing stages
and the chemical
components with
their respective
functions for manual,
automatic, and
daylight processing.
4. Radiographic Image 8 8
Quality
4.1 Perform good quality 8 8 8
radiographic film
image with respect
to contrast and
density and other
factors that affect the
overall image quality
in terms of
• resolution,
• mottle,
• graininess, and
• effect of focal
spot.
5. Radiographic Film 7 7
Analysis
5.1 Point out the causes 1 1 1
of processing faults,
with its technical and
procedural factors,
and possible
remedies.
5.2 Identify problems of 3 3 3
inadequate
processing.
5.3 Execute corrective 3 3 3
measures to
detected problems of
inadequate
processing.
B. Principles of Imaging 40 40
1. Technical Factors 3 3
1.1 Distinguish the 2 2 2
relationships of
technical factors that
control and affect
image exposure.
1.2 Explain practical 1 1 1
considerations in
setting standards for
acceptable image
quality.
2. Radiographic Contrast 14 14
2.1 Classify the effects 2 2 2
of kVp and other
influencing factors
on radiographic
contrast.
2.2 Differentiate types of 1 1 1
radiographic contrast
as to short and long
scale contrast high
and low contrast.
2.3 Solve problems 5 5 5
regarding technique
conversion factors:
• 15% kVp rule
• kVp and mAs
relationship
• kVp and exposure
time relationship
• Technique change
when using beam
restrictor
• Correction factor
for varying
intensifying screen
speeds
• Grid conversion
factor
• Age correction
factor
• Correction factor
for orthopedic
radiography.
2.4 Assess grid 4 4 4
efficiency in terms of
grid ratio and
frequency.
2.5 Apply the most 2 2 2
appropriate grid ratio
for a given clinical
situation.
3. Radiographic Density 12 12
3.1 Explain radiographic 2 2 2
density and mAs as
primary controlling
factor that affects
density.
3.2 Illustrate the 6 6 6
influencing factors
affecting density as
 to
• focal film distance,
• kVp,
• pathology,
• film processing,
• intensifying
screen,
• film emulsion, and
• heel effect.
3.3 Illustrate how beam 2 2 2
filtration affects x-ray
beam intensity,
beam quality, and
resultant patient
exposure.
3.4 Compute 2 2 2
mathematical
conversions on mAs-
SID and kVp-mAs
relationships.
4. Geometric, Visibility, 8 8
and Distortion of Detail
4.1 Illustrate the 4 4 4
relationship of the
factors that affect
detail and distortion
in terms of
• motion,
• focal spot size,
• object-film
distance,
• focal-film distance,
• intensifying screen
speed,
• non-screen holder,
• film-screen
contact, and
• target-object-film
alignment.
4.2 Assess how 2 2 2
geometric factor and
other imaging
accessories affect
image detail.
4.3 Classify distortion in 1 1 1
terms of size and
shape.
4.4 Compare the types 1 1 1
of motion and its
importance in
limiting motion
unsharpness.
5. Brightness Digital 2 2
Display/Density (film)
5.1 Recognize the 1 1 1
importance of the
amount of exposure
delivered to the
image receptor.
5.2 Apply conversion 1 1 1
factors for changes
 in distance, grid
ratio, image
receptors, as well as
the effect of
reciprocity law and
the15 percent rule.
6. Exposure Factor 1 1
Formulation
6.1 Explain exposure 1 1 1
factor considerations
involved in
determining
exposure
techniques.
C. Computed and Digital 20 20
Radiography
1. Principles of Computed 2 2
Radiography
1.1 Recognize the 1 1 1
history of computers
and the role of the
transistor.
1.2 Identify the 1 1 1
advantage of
computed
radiography over
screen film
radiography.
2. Basic Principles of 3 3
Digital Radiography
2.1 Distinguish the 1 1 1
characteristics pixel
size, image size, and
field of view.
2.2 Identify the use of 1 1 1
silicon, selenium,
cesium iodide,
gadolinium
oxysulfide and other
phosphors in digital
radiography.
2.3 Distinguish spatial 1 1 1
resolution and
contrast resolution.
3. Image Acquisition 3 3
3.1 Differentiate the 1 1 1
construction of direct
and indirect Thin-
Film Transistor
(TFT) flat panel
detection system.
3.2 Illustrate the 1 1 1
construction of direct
and indirect Thin-
Film Transistor
(TFT) flat panel
detection system.
3.3 Differentiate 1 1 1
Charged Couple
Devise (CCD) and
Complementary
Metal-Oxide
 Semiconductor
(CMOS) technology.
4. Image Acquisition 2 2
Errors
4.1 Explain the 1 1 1
histogram process or
histogram analysis
as it relates to
automatic rescaling
and determining an
exposure indicator.
4.2 Identify common 1 1 1
limitations and
technical problems
encountered when
using
PhotoStimulable
Phosphor (PSP)
systems.
5. Fundamental Principles 2 2
of Exposure
5.1 Apply the receptor 1 1 1
exposure indicator
values to technical
factors, system
calibration,
part/beam/plate
alignment, and
patient exposure.
5.2 Assess potential 1 1 1
impact of digital
radiographic
systems on patient
exposure and the
application of the
ALARA concept in a
digital system.
6. Image Evaluation 2 2
6.1 Recognize the 2 2 2
impact of image
processing
parameters to the
image appearance.
7. Quality Assurance and 2 2
Maintenance Issues
7.1 Implement several 1 1 1
quality assurance
(QA) activities used
in a digital radiology
department.
7.2 Summarize the daily, 1 1 1
weekly and monthly
quality control (QC)
activities assigned to
a radiologic
technologist.
8. Display 2 2
8.1 Distinguish the 1 1 1
measurement used
to classify monitors.
8.2 Differentiate dry and 1 1 1
wet laser image
 technology.
9. Data Management 2 2
9.1 Illustrate common 1 1 1
problems associated
with retrieving and
viewing images on
Picture Archiving
Communication
System (PACS).
9.2 Explain the use of an 1 1 1
image archiving in
terms of short and
long-term storage.
Total 100 100 30 50 20