Simple random sampling (SRS) is a fundamental sampling technique in which each member of a
population has an equal and independent chance of being selected for a sample. In practice, this method
is often implemented by assigning a unique identifier to each population member and then randomly
selecting identifiers, either through a random number generator or drawing from a list. This approach
minimizes bias, as no subset of the population is given preferential treatment or a higher probability of
selection. The independence of selection also means that the inclusion of one individual does not affect
the inclusion probability of any other. As a result, SRS is particularly valuable for generating
representative samples, making it easier to generalize findings from the sample to the broader
population. Additionally, the mathematical simplicity of SRS allows for straightforward estimation of
population parameters and for calculating margins of error, making it a preferred technique in both
statistical theory and applied research. However, SRS can be challenging to implement in practice when
the population is large or difficult to enumerate, often requiring logistical resources to ensure each
individual can be reached and has an equal chance of selection.
