Bal Bharati Public School, Navi Mumbai
Subject: Science
Class: X
Topic: Control and co-ordination
(Part 2-Human Brain)
Human
Brain
Human brain
• Brain is the main coordinating centre of the
body
• It receives information from all parts of the
body and integrate it.
• The brain has three
major parts or regions:
1. fore-brain,
2. mid-brain and
3. hind-brain.
Fore brain
• Forebrain includes:
i. Cerebrum- largest
region of the forebrain
Functions:
i. It is responsible for
memory, intelligence,
learning, logic and
reasoning.
ii. It is also responsible for sensory perception of
sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, pressure, temperature
and touch.
iii. Controls movement of voluntary muscles.
Fore brain( contd.)
ii. Hypothalamus-
Location:
The hypothalamus is a small
region of the brain. It's
located at the base of the
brain, near the pituitary
gland.
Function:
The hypothalamus controls body temperature,
hunger, emotions, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and
circadian rhythms.
Fore brain( contd.)
iii. Pituitary gland: The
pituitary gland is
located just below the
hypothalamus, just
behind the bridge of
the nose. It is about the
size of a pea.
The pituitary gland is called the master gland
of the endocrine system. This is because it
controls many other hormone glands in the
body.
2. Mid-Brain
Location:
It is present between
the forebrain and
the hindbrain
Functions:
Many involuntary actions are controlled by the
mid-brain
For eg. Watering of mouth, hearts beat , breathing,
digestion, change in the size of the pupil.
3. Hindbrain
i. Pons: It is involved in the
control of breathing.
ii. Medulla: All involuntary
actions including blood
pressure, salivation and
vomiting are controlled by
the medulla in the hind-
brain.
iii. Cerebellum: It is responsible for precision of
voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and
balance of the body.
For example: activities like walking in a straight line,
riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil
Human Brain
How are brain and Spinal cord
protected?
Brain: The brain sits inside a bony box called
cranium (skull). Inside the cranium, the brain
is contained in a fluid-filled balloon which
provides further shock absorption
Spinal cord: The vertebral column or backbone
protects the spinal cord.
Cranium
Vertebral column
How does the Nervous Tissue cause
Action?
• For any response to take place the muscles have
to move
• When a nerve impulse reaches the muscle, the
muscle fibre must move.
• muscle cells will move by changing their shape so
that they shorten
• Muscle cells have special proteins that change
both their shape and their arrangement in the
cell in response to nervous electrical impulses
• When this happens, new arrangements of these
proteins give the muscle cells a shorter form
Muscle cells have special proteins that change
both their shape and their arrangement in the cell
in response to nervous electrical impulses
Exercise your body as well as your mind…..
Train your Brain….
Practicing a new and challenging activity is a good bet for
building and maintaining cognitive skills
Let us Recapitulate....
• The Human brain is a soft muscular structure present inside
the cranium
• The human brain has three main parts- Cerebrum, Mid-
brain and Cerebellum
• Cerebrum is a seat of intelligence and centre for memory. It
controls mental activities like thinking and reasoning.
• Cerebellum is responsible for precision of voluntary actions
and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.
• Medulla is the coordinating centre for all involuntary
activities of internal organs
• Spinal cord is protected by backbone. It is involved in
transfer of information between the brain and the rest of
the body.
Assignment-2
1. Why is pituitary gland called the master
gland?
2. Give two functions of medulla.
3. Differentiate between cerebrum and
cerebellum.
4. Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of
human brain.
5. How does the nervous tissue cause action?
Links
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