O utlook a n d Behavio r

PREVIEW

II For each situation, write a poss i b l e response from an optim ist, a pess i m i st, a n d a rea l i st.

a. optimist: maybe he want to increase our

------

income
D i d you see the email from
our boss? She wants everyone to b. pess i m i st: _
oh no he's gonna fire us
_____________

meet in the conference room at 4:00.

I wonder what's going on. idk lets see what would happen
c. rea l ist: _______________

1.

a . opti m ist: ------

Your mother wants you to

b. pessim ist: ______________

call her. She says it's

rea l l y important.

c. rea l i st: -----

2.

a. opti m ist: ------

I just read a n article about

the Zika vi rus. They say it's b. pess i m ist: ------

likely to spread to our

city soon .
c. realist: -------

3.

a. o ptimist: ______________

T h e weather report says there's

a h u rricane moving u p the b. pessi mist: ______________

coast. What do you think we

should do?
c. rea l ist: -------

4.

W1
 El Co m p lete the conversati ons with expressions fro m the box .

bette r safe t h a n sorry what a re you going to do

have started getti n g to me you 've got to rol l with the pu nches
it's j u st a matter of time you 're j u st a sitti ng duck

1 . A: Did you hear that the f l u is going a rou nd Soph ie's schoo l ?

B : Yes. I g uess it's just a matter of time

______ before someone i n o u r fa m i ly co mes down with it.
2. A: Did you get the raise you asked for?
B: N o. But what are you going to do ? I 'l l try aga i n i n six months.
3. A: Al l the news stories about crazy weather events have started getting to me
____________

B: I know. But I think you j ust have to l ive yo u r l ife a nd try not to worry.

4 . A: I didn't get the job I rea l ly wa nted .

you 've got to rol l with the punches
B: Wel l, -keep applying, and I know you'll find a good job eventual ly.
5 . A: With all the stories a bout terrorism in the n ews, I don't want to go a nypl ace that has crowds.

I th i n k you 're just a sitting duck

-----

8: I know it's scary, but try n ot to overreact.

6. A: Did you l oc k the car?
B: Yes. better safe than sorry
______ , rig ht?

I
L ESS O N

IJ Match the voca b u l a ry wo rd s with their d efi n itions. Write the lette r on the l i ne .

__
c 1 . easygoing a . u nw i l l i n g to ta l k p roudly about you rself

__
f 2 . hard working b. a ble to be trusted o r depended on

__
h 3. co nsiderate c . not easily worried or a n noyed
a
______ 4. modest d. saying what you mean, not joking o r prete n d i ng

__
e 5 . outgoing e. wanting to meet a nd tal k to new peo p l e

__
b 6. trustworthy f. working seriously with a lot of effort

__
d 7. serious g . l i ki n g to ta l k a lot

__
g 8. tal kative h . t h i n ki ng a n d caring about other people

W2 UNIT 1
IJ Com plete the co nve rsati o n . Write the lette r on the l i ne.

A: H ow wou ld you describe you r sister?

c
B:
1.

A: I guess that makes sense. You a re pretty talkative . .

.

B: b
2. a . Yes, I s u p pose you 're right.
--

A: M e? H mm . Hardwork i n g . . . serious. b� I know. What a bout you- how wou ld

d you describe you rself?
B:
3. c . Wel l, she's a lot l i ke me-pretty
A: Wel l, I su ppose it's possible t o be both. outgoi ng, I g u ess.

B: a d . R e a l l y? I see you as friendly.

4.

El Read the descri ptions of Type A a n d Type B persona l ities. Then answe r the q uesti ons.

• •

TYPE A TYPE B

An outgoing, i m patient, a n d sometimes rude The opposite of Type A person a l ity. The
persona l ity. People with Type A perso n a l ities Type B personality is easygoing, modest, and
work h a rd to succeed and to g et what they friend ly. People with Type B personal ities a re
want. They a re b usy, often stressed o ut, a n d a b le to rel ax a n d h ave fu n . They l ive a more
don't l i ke t o wait. They eat, ta l k, wa l k, a n d bala nced l ife.
drive fast. T h e y m i g ht s e e m u nfriendly a n d
d ifficult to g et a long with .

1 . Name someone you know who has a Type A personal i ty. ________

2. What is this person li ke? Write th ree exa m ples to su pport you r o p i n i o n .

3. Describe you r o w n personality. Are you more l i ke a Type A or a Type B pe rso nal ity?

O utlook and Behavior W3

 lfl What q ua l ities wo u l d you l i ke the people i n you r l ife to h ave? Co m p lete each sente n ce
with two adjectives from the box. Try to use as m a ny adjectives as you ca n .

considerate fu n i ndependent modest pu nctual smart

easygoing f u n ny i n te l l igent outgoing serio u s ta l kative
frie n d ly hardworki ng i n teresti ng pol ite sil ly trustwo rthy

1 . I wou l d l i ke a boss who's

2 . I would l i ke co-workers w h o a re
3. I wou l d l i ke a spouse who's
4 . I wou ld l i ke class mates w h o a re

5 . I wou l d l i ke friends w h o a re

6. I wou l d l i ke neigh bors who are

7. I wou ld l i ke a teacher who's

8 . I wou l d l i ke to be more

IJ Com p l ete each sente n ce with the gerund or i nfin itive fo rm of the verb.

working
1 . ---..,...___,.
... - ..,.. -- h a rd is i m porta nt i n this compa ny.
(work)
to help
2 . Amy vol u nteered at the she lter after the storm.
(help)
______,
_ ___

3. S hawna's d ream i s to be a doctor someday.

(be)
------

4 . Roger a polog ized for ---arriving

--.,.......--
..,.... late.
(arrive)
to -
5 . I s that book short enough -- read
....-
..,.... --- in one n i g ht?
(read)
to give
6. It's i m portan t you rself some time to relax every day.
(give)
______

7. We considered going to Cal ifo rn ia fo r our vacation.

(go)
______

8. We got to the exhi bit early --

to-avoid
-�--- the crowds.
(avoid)
to play
9 . It's too hot ---- -- soccer. Let's just go for a wa l k i nstead.
(play)

lfJ Co m p l ete the sentences a bout you rself. Use gerunds or i nfin itives and you r own ideas.

1 . I remem ber riding my bike when I was you ng.

2 . I t h i n k it's exciting to see a large tower
3. I can't wait to meet my friends

4 . I 'm opposed to

5 . I wou ld l i ke some day.

6. I wou ld l i ke to read a book about
7 . I am studying English ___________

8 . I 'm not q u ite wealthy enough ____________

9 . ------ is my favorite form of exercise.

1 0 . I avoid ------ if I ca n .

W4 U N IT 1
L ESS O N

EJ Write a d efi n ition for eac h word o r ph rase.

- �

Name Definitions
a pain in the neck

a people person

a sweethea rt

a tea m player

a tyra nt

a workaholic

IIfl Rewrite each sente n ce i n the active vo ice. Use the su bject i n pa rentheses.

1 . The students were rem inded to attend the meet i n g after schoo l .

(the teacher) TJ.1 e teacher reminded tJ.. e rtvdentr to attend tJ.. e meetin9 after rcJ... o ol.
2. We were i nvited to go o n a to ur of the m useu m .
(the d i rector) the director invited us to go on a tour of the museum
_______________________________

3 . I was persuaded to donate money to the cha rity.

(the ad) the ad persuaded me to donate money to the charity
--------�

4 . Jan ice was h i red to su pervise the p roject.

(the CE0)
the CEO hired janice to supervise the project
-�------���-���-��-

5 . The tou ri sts were advised not to trave l without the g rou p.

(the g u ide) the guide advised the tourists not to travel without the group

m Com plete the senten ces, u s i n g you r own idea s .

1 . I tau g ht mv
,
fon to knit
study harder
2 . I encou rage my brother to
3 . I 'd l i ke my brother to win the match

4 . I told my teacher to explaind the topic again

5 . I asked my mother n ot to cook spaghetti tonight

6. I'll teach my friends to have a better relationship with their partner (or start even one)

Outlook and Behavior WS

 IE C HALLE N G E Create se nten ces, using one word or p h ra se fro m each co l u m n . Yo u can com b i n e
words seve ra l ways . Be s u re to use a correct fo rm of the ve rb i n col u m n 2 a n d the i nfin itive fo rm
of the ve rb i n col u m n 4.

1 2 3 4

Ta h l ia encourage her daughter study hard

J u l ie advise N a risa eat more fru i t
The doctor order us make d i n ner
M a rk teach Terry leave
We pay o u r neig h bor mow the lawn
The g u a rd wou ld l i ke yo u play the v i o l i n

1 . Ta h l i a Wovld l i ke yov to make d iooer.

2. mark taught narisa to study hard
3. julie ordered her son to mow the lawn

4 . the guard advised us to leave

5. we encouraged terry to eat more fruit

6.

L ESS O N

IEJ Answe r the q u estions. Use yo u r own i deas.

1 . What ca n you do to p rotect you rself fro m crime?

2 . What can you do to p rotect you rself from v i ru ses and epidemics?

3 . What can you do to protect you rself from terrorism?

eJ What a re the b ig g est p ro b l e m s fa c i n g the wo rld tod ay?

Read the l i st of p roblems on page 7. Add two of yo u r
own i deas t o the f ist.

W6 UNIT 1
 Now rate the p robl ems fro m m ost i m po rta nt ( 1 ) to l east i m porta nt ( 1 2).

__
3 g lobal wa rming __ 4 antibiotic-resistant bacteria
__
4 pol l ution i n the ocea n s __
7 crime
__
5 pol itica l corru ption 2
__ epidemics
__ 1 wa r __
9 destruction of the rai nforests
__
1 d rug trafficki ng __ you r idea : ____________

__ 6 terroris m __ you r idea: ____________

m C hoose you r to p t h ree p ro b l ems from Exercise 1 4. Write some ideas fo r solving them .

..

- -.. - �-

'_, �

LESS O N

m READING WARM - U P Some types of p roblems req u i re t h i n king u p n ew so l utions. S u p pose yo u h a d

l ost yo u r keys, a n d the d o o r t o yo u r h o m e w a s locked. Name at least th ree solutions you cou ld try.

Outlook and Behavior W7

 m READ I N G Read the a rt i c l e .

Picture this: you're traveling i n a foreign city and need

to exchange some money but can't find a bank. You
ask someone for help, but you don't speak the local
language. You flip through a phrase book, but you
can't find the right word. Maybe you've been in this
hopeless situation yourself. Art Lebedev was, and it
inspired him to come up with an idea. He designed a
useful T-shirt covered with common symbols for
things tourists need, like a restroom, a hotel, or a post
office. This allows him to simply point to the symbol
on his shirt for the thing he is looking for. It's certainly
more painless than carrying a phrase book around! government decided on a meaningful and inventive
Thinking creatively can help you find a lot of helpful way to get people's attention. They commissioned an
solutions to common problems. Here are a few of our artist to create 3-0 drawings on sidewalks near busy
favorite examples of thinking outside the box. roads. The realistic pictures showed frightening
animals, like sharks and snakes, breaking out of the
For Safer Buses, Just Add Water! sidewalk and the words " Don't step into danger." With
The Longxiang Bus Company in China was getting these eye-catching safety reminders, pedestrians
many complaints about careless drivers from became much more careful.
passengers who were sick of being bumped around.
The bad driving had gotten out of control, so the Video Game Chores: Can I Play?
company came up with a creative idea. To encourage Parents know what a pain in the neck it is to get
purposeful driving, they hung up bowls of water next children to help out around the house. But again,
to each driver. If the driver turned or braked too creative thinking can even make boring chores like
quickly, the bowl would tip over and spill the water. doing the laundry almost effortless. How? Take
Drivers were required to have a full bowl of water at ChoreMonster, a mobile app that turns chores into a
the end of their shift-and a dry uniform! Some felt game. As children complete chores that parents have
that the company went a little overboard, but the idea programmed into the app, they earn rewards from both
was successful. Just like that, the complaints, along the game and their parents. For example, by washing
with the buses. slowed down. the dishes, a child might earn the chance to see a clip
from a new movie-before it hits the theaters!
Sidewalk Art? Watch Where You Step
In Auckland, New Zealand, city leaders had another As these examples show, sometimes all you need to
problem. Absent-minded pedestrians on cell phones solve a problem is a little imagination. After all, think
were walking into roads and causing accidents. of how far you can get with a powerful idea-in Art
Unbelievably, between 2008 and 2 1 02, almost 7 5 0 Lebedev's case, it took him all the way around the
people were h i t b y cars a t a single intersection! So the world!

N ow a n swer the q uestions.

1 . What was Art Lebedev's problem?

He needed to ask for directions in a foreign country, but he didn't speak the language.
2 . What was his sol ution?
He designed a T-shirt covered with common symbols for things that tourists need.
A tourist could then point to the symbol for the thing he or she needed.
3 . What was the Lo ngxiang Bus Com pa ny's p robl em?
The bus drivers were driving carelessly, and many passengers were complaining.

4 . What d id they d o to so lve it?

They hung bowls of water next to each driver and required the drivers to have a full bowl at the end of
their shift

W8 U N IT 1
 5 . What was the p robl e m i n Auckland?
Pedestrians on cell phones were walking into roads and causing accidents.

6. What did the govern ment do to solve the p roblem?

They commissioned an artist to create pictures on the sidewalks near busy roads. The pictures
showed frightening animals and the words: "Don't step into danger."
7. What p roblem do many parents have?
Many parents have trouble getting their children to do chores.

8. What sol ution is described in the article?

The app ChoreMonster turns the chores into a game for children to play and earn rewards.

II] H ave yo u ever experienced a problem that req u i red a creative so l ution? What d i d you do?

IEJ Write sente n ces u s i n g the adjectives i n p a rentheses.

1 . (restf u l ) Restful music makes me feel relaxed and calm.

2 . (restless) The children had been indoors all day, and were getting restless.

3. ( h e l pf u l ) It is helpful for family members to gain a basic understanding of the illness.

4 . ( h e l p less) He began to feel depressed and helpless.

5 . (pitifu l) His performance was pitiful - five goals flew past him.

6. (piti l ess) It reveals with pitiless clarity the inferiority of what has gone before.

G RAM MAR BOOSTER

l'J Rewrite each sente n ce . C h a n g e the su bject i nfin itive to a subject com p l e ment or beg i n
with a n i m persona l tt.

1 . To be alone is my biggest fea r.

. My biggest fear is to be alone. / It's my biggest fear to be alone.

2. To keep track of expenses i s the most i m porta nt part of Sa ndy's job.

The most important part of Sandy's job is to keep track of expenses.

3. To become more outgoing is my goal for this yea r.

My goal for this year is to become more outgoing.

4. To p rotect the b u i ld i ng is the secu rity g u a rd 's job.

The security guard's job is to protect the building

5. To e n d pol itical corruption i s the pu rpose of this i nvestigatio n .

The purpose of this investigation is to end political corruption.

Outlook and Behavior W9

 EJ Write sente n ces. Use a n i m pe rson a l it a n d a n i nfi n itive, a n d a p h rase with fo r
+ a n o u n o r p ro no u n .

1 . I t I i m porta nt I you I know the ru l es

It 'f i mporta "t for yov to kllolN tJ,, e rules.
2. It I t i m e I o u r govern ment I i m p rove p u b l ic sanitation
It's time for our government to improve public sanitation.

3. I t I easy I Jana I learn new vocab u l a ry

It's easy for Jana to learn new vocabulary

4 . It I hard I pess i m i sts I have a positive outlook

It's hard for pessimists to have a positive outlook.

5. It I not necessary I you I clea n the kitchen

It's not necessary for you to clean the kitchen.

B Rew rite each statement i n i n d i rect speech .

1 . Tom said, "Meet m e at 6:30."

Tom said to meet him at 6:30.

2. Kate sa id, "Ca l l the c l ient this afternoo n ."

Kate said to call the client this afternoon.
3 . Al ice said, " Do n 't forget to file the report on time."
Alice said not to forget to file the report on time.

4 . Alex told me, "Don't wea r fa ncy jewel ry out on the street."
Alex told me not to wear fancy jewelry out on the street.

m Correct the erro rs i n t h e sentences.

1 . It's d ifficult for me ta l k in front of l a rge crowds.

to
2 . E l l en 's goal to finish this p roject by the end of the wee k.
is
3. He got everyone a g ree with h i m .
to
4. It's too early for t o eat d i n n er.
to
5 . I t's my cousin's d rea m for become a pilot.
not
6 . Tony said d on't to be late for the meeti n g .

W10 UNIT 1
II List t h ree ideas u n d e r each of the to pics below.

1 . Activities you enjoy 3 . Good memories

2 . Yo u r goa l s 4. To-do l i st fo r th i s wee k

N ow use you r l i sts to co m p lete the sentences. Use ge ru n d s or i nfi n itives.

M a ke s u re the i tems i n each series a re pa ra l l e l .

Exa m ple: I enjoy 5k i in9. rvnnin9. and paintin9

1 . I enjoy ________________________________

2 . I i ntend __________________________________

3 . I recal l __________________________________

4. l need __________________________________

Outlook and Behavior W11

 Paragraph structure: Review

m PREWRITI N G : BRAI NSTO R M I N G I DEAS You will write a paragraph describ i n g either o ptim ists
or pessi m ists. Write words and phra ses related to each perspective.
Optimists Pessimists
J-.iaye a po£itiye outlook
feel healthier focus heavily on what can go wrong
are healthier are genuinely surprised when things work out in the end
live longer question the validity of the positive outcomes

are better at fighting illness always expect the worst things to happen

Use you r ideas to write a topic sentence for each perspective. ( Remember: T h e topic sentence
I ntroduces the topic and the focus of the paragraph.)

1 . O ptim ists: -------

2 . Pessim ists: -----

Choose one of you r topic sen tences. Write th ree to five s u p porti ng sentences . ( Remember: The
s u p porting sentences g ive details, exam ples, and other facts related to the topic sentence.)
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

El WRITING Write you r topic sentence and s u pporti n g sentences from Exercise A as a paragra p h .
End with a con c l u d i n g sentence. ( Remem ber: T h e conclu d i n g sentence restates [g ives t h e same
i nformation i n d ifferent word s] the topic sente n ce or summarizes the paragra p h .)

Optimistic people tend to be healthier than the ones who believe that bad things.
They're more likely to eat well, exercise and not smoke. Being optimistic is associated
with biological risk factors such as lower blood sugar and cholesterol. In addition, that
positive thinking may boost your immunity and reduce your chances of infection and
cancer. All in all, health is one of the most valuable benefits that optimist people can
gain.

B S E LF-CHECK

D Does my pa ragra ph have a topic sente nce?

D Do the su pporti ng sentences in my paragra ph a l l relate to the topic?
D Do I have a concl uding sentence?

W12 U N IT 1