Qualification

HND in Computing (RQF)

Center Name Center Registration No

ABCHorizon Academy 91667

Student name Assessor name

Mr. Mohamad Hamoudeh
Alyaa Al Ali

Unit Number/Name

Unit: Computing Research Project

Assignment number and title Submitted on

31/12/2023
: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Student Declaration

Student signature: AlyaaAlAli Date: 31/12/2023

‘
Ways to reduce the impact of electronic
waste on environment
Abstract

This study investigated ways to reduce the impact of electronic

waste on the environment. This study used a questionnaire in order
to determine the impact of electronic waste on the environment. It
was published on all social networking sites to a sample interested
in ways to reduce the impact of electronic waste. According to the
results obtained, it was Determine the negative impact of electronic
waste on the environment. Therefore, a sound method must be
found to reduce electronic waste. Recycling electronic waste has
been assumed as a method that has a positive impact on the
environment.

Introduction

Technical progress has given people a comfortable and easy life, so

they can complete their work quickly. For example, instead of going
to the university headquarters to submit an admission application,
we can submit it using the computer in just a few minutes.
Nowadays, the computer has become a widely used tool in all kinds
of activities. Communicating with friends has also become easier,
when we need to contact someone, we can send them a text
message instantly. Earlier, it was much slower for messages and
meetings[1].

However, technical progress has many drawbacks, the most

important of which is electronic waste. When electronic devices
such as computers and mobile phones come to their expiration
date, people dispose of them and they become electronic waste.
These devices contain materials that are harmful to the
environment, such as mercury, beryllium, nickel, brominated flame
retardants, and cadmium, but they also contain useful materials
that can be used, such as gold and copper[2]. The rate of use of e-
waste is increasing annually. In 2014, the world disposed of a total
of 41.8 million metric tons (megatons) of electronic waste. In 2018,
electronic waste increased by 20%, because the lifespan of
electronic devices is gradually decreasing due to the rapid change
in their features and capabilities[3]. With this increase, many
methods of e-waste disposal have emerged. For example, The UK
has incinerated e-waste for disposal. Thus, you lose the precious
materials in electronic devices, and they may be useful to us. More
importantly, pollutants may travel through the air when e-waste is
burned. This leads to air pollution.

Another method is burial, which also negatively affects the

environment. Some solid waste landfills contain enough heavy
metals to contaminate groundwater. It also reduces agricultural
productivity due to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. Crops
absorb and affect them. And because these methods may not be
sufficient to get rid of the waste that is increasing daily [4]. And it
has a negative impact on the environment.

I conducted this research to provide a study on the effectiveness of

recycling electronic waste to reduce its harmful impact on the
environment. Instead of burying and burning it, we recycle it.
Because it contains ingredients that can be reused and reused. It is
important to find an effective way to reduce the impact of
electronic waste on the environment. E-waste has been shown to
significantly impact human health and the environment. It may
cause serious risks to human health. Especially those involved in e-
waste collection and processing for example, due to the massive
levels of copper and ground metals. The health of workers in India
is at risk. The Filipino workers were also found to have been
exposed to corrosive liquids and toxic fumes from the smelter,
which they inhaled.

Non-employees may also be exposed to risks due to electronic

waste. Inhaling cadmium causes severe damage to the lungs and
kidneys and decreased neuromotor skills.
Literature review

1-In her article “Informal E-waste Recycling Practices and

Environmental Pollution in Africa: What is the way forward? 2023”,
Linda Andeobo states that e-waste is piling up in open dumps and
landfills in African countries and being informally recycled leading
to environmental concerns. And great general health. E-waste is a
major concern and practical solutions to reduce its impact are few.
It achieved its research goals by collecting previous studies from
2005 to 2022 from different databases and analyzing them with
positive results. The results of this study contributed to increasing
research on informal e-waste recycling practices in Africa to
document that individuals working in e-waste sites and residing in
Neighboring communities are exposed to a number of toxic
substances[5].
2-Kwadwo Ansong Asante mentioned in his article,"E-waste
recycling in Africa: Risks and Opportunities 2019", Electronic waste
has become a global environmental problem as it is increasingly
generated, and there is no proper way to deal with it, especially in
developing countries. Electronic waste can pose great risks to
humans and the environment. This is due to the insufficient e-waste
management infrastructure and lack of enforcement of laws, and
this leads to the release of many hazardous materials due to the
crude method of recycling[6].
3-Reported by Lynda Andeobu, Santoso Wibowo, and
Srimannarayana Grandhi in their paper "Environmental and Health
Consequences of E-Waste Dumping and Recycling Carried out by
Selected Countries in Asia and Latin America 2023". The volume of
e-waste is increasing due to continuous technological innovation.
There are many studies on e-waste management. However, the
environmental and health effects of e-waste related to direct
exposure during informal recycling and indirect exposure through
environmental pollution have not been sufficiently studied. This
study analyzed the environmental and health consequences of e-
waste dumping and informal recycling practices in selected
countries. Several databases were used to analyze studies from
2005 to 2022. Based on the items, such as Science Direct,
ProQuest, Web of Science, and Emerald. Illegal dumping, acid
leaching and open burning. These are all practices that increase the
risks to the environment and the health of workers in the field of e-
waste, the findings of this study. In addition, this study presented
several practical suggestions to address the environmental and
health effects of e-waste dumping and recycling [7].
4-Salma Taqi Ghulam and Hatem Abushammala mention
"Challenges and Opportunities in the Management of Electronic
Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and the Environment in
2023".

Improper disposal of electronic waste leads to a negative impact on

the environment and public health due to the deposition of toxic
elements and pollutants from electronic waste in the soil, surface
water, and groundwater, or their emission into the air. This waste
contains many toxic substances. This study aimed to provide an in-
depth understanding of the main aspects of electronic waste and
the impact of its disposal at the end of life on human health and the
environment. It focused on some solutions and strategies for a
sustainable process towards effective e-waste management[8].

5-Rania Seif, Fatma Zakaria Salem, and Nageh K. Allam mention "E-
waste recycled materials as efficient catalysts for renewable energy
technologies and better environmental sustainability 2023.
It is expected that the quantities of electronic waste produced will
reach 44.4 million tons during the next five years, and the global
market for electronics recycling may reach $8.68 billion by 2026. E-
waste management is not dealt with in developing countries.
Insufficient treatment of electronic waste has caused environmental
and health problems, as well as depletion of natural resources. This
review provided an overview of electronic waste, methods of
recycling, and a discussion of different types of electronic waste.
Also the use of recycled high-added value (HAV) materials from
various e-waste components in green renewable energy
technologies[10].

6-Authors Olivier Irumva, Gratien Twagirayezu, Kui Huang, and

Habasi Patrick Manzi mentioned in their article “Environmental
Effects of Electrical and Electronic Waste on Water and Soil: A
Review” that the increase in electronic waste increases its negative
impact on water and soil, considering that it has two important and
necessary components. Very sustainable for life. The increasing
consumption of electronic equipment and then disposing of it by
throwing it in an inappropriate landfill leads to water and soil
pollution. This study reveals the impact of electronic waste on
environmental elements and also calls for treatment to reduce this
problem[11].

7-Dorothy Bondi, Amos Chege, and Gino Jun mentioned in their

article “Green Computing“A way to reduce the environmental
impacts of e-waste in manufacturing enterprises in Meru
County,”2019”
We need to pay more attention to e-waste management facilities as
they are constantly increasing. It has been suggested that
information computing technologies should embrace green
computing and that the need to adopt, evaluate and report on the
impacts of ICT waste management on environmental sustainability
has not been emphasized by most companies. The research was
first to uncover electronic waste and the problems that this waste
may cause. Some methods were presented to get rid of it, and the
researcher used a mixed research approach using qualitative and
quantitative data. The study applied a mixed research approach
using quantitative and qualitative data. This study aimed to
summarize electronic waste recycling practices and provide
suggestions regarding them. Scientific methods must be followed to
dispose of electronic waste to reduce its harm to the
environment[12].

Hypotheses:

The positive impact of e-waste recycling on the environment.

Data gathering and analysis

I used a quantitative approach in the questionnaire. I asked eleven

questions about ways to reduce the impact of electronic waste on
the environment to a
different segment of people interested in ways to reduce the impact
of electronic waste. It was published on all social media sites. The
questionnaire received a good response due to people's interest in
electronic waste and ways to reduce it. Its effect. The number of
responses was 132

The questions included five basic categories for each result

category, and I determined this result based on the responses.

E-waste impact useful materials

The results of the two questions related to the impact of electronic

waste on useful materials showed that 76% agreed that electronic
waste has an impact on useful materials such as copper and gold.
The approval rate was high because most people dispose of their
devices and do not benefit from the useful components they
contain.

categori Question Value %

es
E-waste 1-Burning e-waste wastes useful 76%
impact materials such as gold and
useful copper
material 9- Landfilling e-waste leads to
s wasting the useful materials in it
Table 1: E-waste impact useful materials

E-waste impact on Human Health

As for the results of the third question related to the impact of

electronic waste on human health, the approval rate reached 82% ,
which is also a very high percentage, and this proves that human
health is negatively affected by electronic waste, and people may
suffer from health problems because of that
 categ Question Value
ories %
E- 2- Burning e-waste threatens the health of 85%
waste workers and non-workers as well
impact 6- E-waste has a significant impact on human
on health
Human 11- Increasing the rate of consumption of
Health electronic devices increases the negative
impact of electronic waste on human health

Table 2: E-waste impact on Human Health

E-waste impact soil

The results of the two questions related to E-waste impact on soil

showed that 64 percent agreed that there is an impact of
electronic waste on the soil, which means that there is pollution of
the soil and a reduction in the productivity of crops, which was
noticed by the people participating in the questionnaire.

categori Question Value %

es
E-waste 3-Burial of electronic waste 64%
impact reduces crop productivity as a
soil result of the deposition of toxic
substances in the soil
7- The e-waste recycling process
reduces the presence of e-waste
dumps that negatively affect the
soil
Table 3: E-waste impact soil

E-waste affects water

The results of the two questions related to the impact of electronic
waste on water showed that the percentage of those who agreed
reached 81 percent, which is a high percentage, which means that
surface and groundwater are affected by the mineral substances
contained in electronic waste through their deposition into the
water.

categori Question Value %

es
E-waste 4-Solid waste dumps pollute 82%
impact ground and surface water
water because they contain solid
minerals that may be deposited
later
10-Burning e-waste leads to
water pollution
Table 4: E-waste impact water

E-waste impact Air pollution

The results of the two questions related to the impact of

electronic waste on the air showed that 81 agreed that electronic
waste pollutes the air due to the transfer of pollutants when
burning electronic waste and due to the

lack of infrastructure, so the number of those who agreed

.became high

categori Question Value %

es
E-waste 5-Burning e-waste leads to air 82%
impact pollution as a result of the transfer
Air of pollutants into the air
pollution 8- Lack of infrastructure for
recycling operations leads to air
 pollution

Table 5: E-waste impact Air pollution

Discussion

There is a negative impact of burning electronic waste or burying

electronic waste on resources, as shown in Table 7. It has been
shown that a person may lose materials that he needs and are
useful to him when burning or burying waste, and this supports the
existence of a positive effect of recycling electronic waste.

categori Question Valu Hypothesis

es e%
E-waste 1-Burning e-waste wastes 76% True
impact useful materials such as gold
useful and copper
materials 9- Landfilling e-waste leads to
wasting the useful materials
in it
Table 7: Survey results

There is a negative impact of burning electronic waste or burying

electronic waste on human health, as shown in Table 8. A high
percentage of people agreed that burning electronic waste
threatens the health of workers or non-workers and that electronic
waste negatively affects human health. This in turn supports the
obligation and there is a positive effect of recycling electronic waste
instead of burning it.

categori Question Valu Hypothesi

es e% s
E-waste 2- Burning e-waste threatens 85% True
impact the health of workers and non-
 on workers as well
Human 6- E-waste has a significant
Health impact on human health
11- Increasing the rate of
consumption of electronic
devices increases the negative
impact of electronic waste on
human health

Table 8: Survey results

There is a negative impact of b burying electronic waste on the soil,

as shown in Table 9. A high percentage of people agreed that when
burying electronic waste, toxic materials may deposit and affect
crops, which reduces their productivity. This in turn supports the
hypothesis, which is that there is a

positive effect of recycling electronic waste instead of burying it.

categori Question Value % Hypothe

es sis
E-waste 3-Burial of electronic waste 64% Ture
impact reduces crop productivity as a
soil result of the deposition of
toxic substances in the soil
7- The e-waste recycling
process reduces the presence
of e-waste dumps that
 negatively affect the soil
Table 9: Survey results

There is a negative impact of burning electronic waste or burying

electronic waste on water, as shown in Table 10. A high percentage
of people agreed that when burying electronic waste, toxic
substances may leak into ground and surface water, and this in turn
supports the hypothesis, which is that there is a positive effect of
recycling electronic waste instead of burying and burning it.

categori Question Value Hypothesis

es %
E-waste 4-Solid waste dumps pollute 82% Ture
impact ground and surface water
water because they contain solid
minerals that may be
deposited later
10-Burning e-waste leads to
water pollution
Table 10: Survey results

There is a negative impact of burning e-waste or not having e-

waste recycling infrastructure on the air, as shown in Table 11. A
high percentage of people agreed that when e-waste is burned,
pollutants move into the air and pollute it, which in turn supports
the hypothesis that there is a positive impact of recycling e-waste
instead of burning it, but infrastructure must be provided for the e-
waste recycling process, as a high percentage also agreed that the
lack of e-waste recycling infrastructure pollutes the air.
 categori Question Value % Hypothe
es sis
E-waste 5-Burning e-waste leads to air 82% True
impact pollution as a result of the
Air transfer of pollutants into the
pollution air
8- Lack of infrastructure for
recycling operations leads to
air pollution

Table 11: Survey results

Therefore, based on the results of the analysis of the responses to

the questionnaire on ways to reduce the impact of electronic waste,
it has been proven that there is a negative impact of burning and
burying electronic waste on human health, water, soil, air, and
useful resources. The percentage of those who agreed that there is
a negative impact was high compared to the percentage of the
number Those who did not agree, and this supports the validity of
the hypothesis that there is a positive impact of the process of
recycling electronic waste on the environment instead of burning
and burying it. An infrastructure must be provided for the process
of recycling electronic waste to reduce its risks to the environment.

Conclusion

Electronic waste negatively affects environmental elements, and

methods of disposal increase its negative impact. For example,
burning electronic waste causes a threat to human health and air
pollution, while burying electronic waste causes toxic substances to
leak into the soil. In addition, 7 literary references similar to the
subject of the research were added. When conducting this
research, a quantitative research method was followed by
distributing a questionnaire to a sample of 135 people and then
dividing the questionnaire questions into five categories. The
results in all categories exceeded (60%) agreeing, and due to its
compatibility with the thesis, it is considered a

successful thesis, because most of The participants agreed that

there is a negative impact on methods of reducing the impact of
electronic waste. Therefore, an infrastructure must be provided to
recycle electronic waste because it has a positive impact on the
environment. The useful materials in it will be reused instead of
burning and burying them.

References

[1]:by Simplilearn, Jul 31, 2023

(https://www.simplilearn.com/how-has-technology-improved-our-lives-article n.d.)

[2]: L. Nageswara Rao, Environmental Impact of Uncontrolled Disposal of E-

Wastes, April-June 2014.

(*. N. Rao 2014)

[3]: Kang, Hai-Yong, December 2005

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344905000777
2005)

[4]: Jayapradha Annamalai, 2015 Jan-Apr

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446940/ 2015)

[5]: Jyoti Chaudhary b, Sudesh Kumar c, Sheetal Sharma d, December 2023

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949750723000135
2023)

[6]: Andeobu, Lynda,2023

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1438463923000834 2023)

[7]: Asante, Kwadwo Ansong, August 2019

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452223618301445 2019)

[8]: Andeobu, Lynda,Santoso Wibowo, Environmental and Health

Consequences of E-Waste Dumping and Recycling Carried out by Selected
Countries in Asia and Latin America,2023
(https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10405 2023)

[9]: Abushammala, Salma Taqi Ghulam Hatem, Challenges and Opportunities in

the Management of Electronic Waste and Its Impact on Human Health and
Environment, 18 January 2023.
(https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1837 2023)

[10]: Rania Seif, Fatma Zakaria Salem, and Nageh K, E-waste recycled materials
as efficient catalysts for renewable energy technologies and better
environmental sustainability, 18 January 2023.
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-023-02925-7 2023)

[11]: Olivier Irumva, Gratien Twagirayezu, Kui Huang, and Habasi Patrick Manzi.
Environmental Effects of Electrical and Electronic Waste on Water and Soil: A
Review 23 November 2021 (http://www.pjoes.com/pdf-144194-75752?
filename=Environmental%20Effects%20of.pdf 2021)

[12]: Dorothy Bondi, Amos Chege, and Gino Jun mentioned in their article
“Green Computing“A way to reduce the environmental impacts of e-waste in
manufacturing enterprises in Meru County,”2019. (Dorothy Bondi, 2019)

Research planning

This research is to provide a study on the effectiveness of recycling

electronic waste to reduce its harmful impact on the environment.
Instead of burying and burning it, we recycle it. It is important to
find an effective way to reduce the impact of electronic waste on
the environment. E-waste has been shown to significantly impact
human health and the environment.

Researcher: Researcher Alyaa task was to collect data using

research methodology and also analyze the data and then present
the results of analyzing this data.

Assistant: The task of Assistant Youssef was to research and solve

the various obstacles and problems that the research might face.

Designer: As for the designer Sarah, she designed the theoretical

elements of the research, such as designing a questionnaire on
Google Form.

Editor: Editor Omar's job is to perform linguistic correction of

sentences to ensure that they are grammatically correct, that the
words do not contain spelling errors, and to ensure linguistic
quality.

Auditor: The auditor Ahmed verified the literary references and

the validity of the sources used by the researcher.

A time management table is useful in determining the time it takes

to implement each research method and thus organizing the time
allocated to research as shown in Table 1

A time management table

No Tasks Responsibility Day
1 Research topic Researcher, Assistant 3
2 Research Title Research, Assistant 3
3 theoretical foundation Researcher 7

4 Reviewing the literature and gathering sources Researcher, auditor 12

5 reading a review of the literature and Researcher, assistant, 10

understanding context auditor

6 Writing the literature that was Researcher, Editor 5

acquired for the study.

7 Formulating the hypotheses Researcher 5

8 Design research questionnaire (writing Researcher, Assistant 11

questions from H0{cause effect factors})

9 Sample of design research (design Researcher, designer 1

community, publication links, Google
form for execution research)

10 Designing and releasing a Researcher, Editor, 12

questionnaire for research (asking designer
and answering)

11 collecting data Researcher 13

12 Data analysis Researcher 5

13 discussion Researcher 4

14 conclusion Researcher, Editor 3

15 References Researcher, auditor, 5

Editor

16 Writing abstract Researcher, Editor 3

17 Presentation Researcher, designer 2

The total 3months

Table1: A time management

Gantt chart
:Cost management
It is a process through which we estimate the cost of research.
While conducting this research, expenses were documented as
shown in Table 2 to illustrate the expected cost of the research. The
budget for this research was $15,900

First, we have the employees responsible for this research, and

their salaries are calculated based on the number of days they work
the cost was 11400$.

Secondly, we have the tools and things that were used to conduct
the research, such as the devices used and the cost of providing
Internet to employees and others, and they were calculated
according to the number of times they were used, and it was the
cost 2760$.

Thirdly, the employees were given a course and some lectures and
training workshops to develop their level in their tasks and it was
the cost 1650$.

Cost management table

No Category Cost days Total

1 Human
Researcher 500$ 17days*500 8500$
Assistant 300$ 4days*300 1200$
Auditor 250$ 250*days3 250$

Editor 250$ 5days*250 1250$

Designer 100$ 2days*100 200$

2 Supplies

Survey 15$

Internet cost 125$

 Microsoft Office 150$
programs
Article 70$
Devices 2400$
3 Employee training
Lectures 200$
Courses 750$
workshops 700$
The total 15810$
Table2: Cost management table

Conclusion

This research, entitled Ways to reduce the impact of electronic

waste on environment, was carried out in several stages over a
period of two months and twenty-four days, according to the time
management schedule for the research. With good cost
management, the cost of the

research did not exceed the specified budget, as the budget was
$15,900, while the cost of the research was according to the cost
management table. Only $15,810 included the employees’ salaries
and the tools they may need to accomplish their tasks, in addition
to their training.