ikni T;kfefr@nwjh jksi.

k
(Plant Geometry/ Distance Planting)

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr D;k gS\ (What is plant geometry?)
fdlh {ks= esa çk—frd lalkèkuksa ds dq'kyrkiwoZd mi;ksx ds fy, fofHkUu iafä;ksa vkSj drkjksa esa
ikSèkksa dh O;oLFkk dks Qly T;kfefr dgrs gaSA
(The arrangement of the plants in different rows and columns in an area to
efficiently utilize the natural resources is called crop geometry)
;k (or)
ikni T;kfefr ls rkRi;Z ikSèks ds vkdkj ls gS tcfd Qly T;kfefr ls rkRi;Z O;fäxr ikSèkksa ds
fy, miyCèk LFkku ds vkdkj ls gSA varj vkSj var%&iafä LFkku dks cnydj Qly T;kfefr dks
cny fn;k tkrk gSA
(Plant geometry refers to the shape of plant while crop geometry refers to the
shape of space available for individual plants. Crop geometry is altered by
changing inter and intra-row spacing.)
DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED
fofHkUu ikni T;kfefr (Different plant geometry)

75 cm

90 cm 15 cm

30 cm
120 cm 30 cm
120 cm

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk egRo (Importance of crop geometry)
• fdlh Hkh Qly dh mit ikS/kksa dh la[;k fuHkZj djrh gSA Yield of any crop depends on final plant population.
• ikS/kksa dh la[;k] teko izfr”kr ,oa thou nj ij fuHkZj djrh gSA The plant population depends on germination percentage and
survival rate in the field.
• lw[ks dh n”kk esa vf/kd ikS/ks ueh dks idus ls igys gh mi;ksx dj ysrs gSAa tcfd de ikS/ks ueh dk laEiw.kZ mi;ksx ugha dj ikrsA Under rain fed
conditions, high plant population will deplete the soil moisture before maturity, whereas low plant population will leave
the soil moisture unutilized.
• tc feV~Vh esa ueh ,oa iks’kd rRo izpqj ek=k esa gksa rks ikS/kksa dh vf/kd la[;k dks vfrfjDr dkjd tSls lw;Z dh /kwi cgqr vko”;d gksrh gSA When
soil moisture and nutrients are not limited high plant population is necessary to utilize the other growth factors like
solar radiation efficiently.
• fuEu ikS/ksa dh la[;k gksus ij izfr ikS/ks dk otu c<+rk gSA Under low plant population individual plant yield will be more due to
wide spacing.
• vf/kd ikS/ksa dh la[;k gksus ij izfr ikS/ks dk otu ?kVrk gSA Under high plant population individual plant yield will be low due to
narrow spacing leading to competition between plants.
• izfr ikS/ks dk otu vf/kd ikS/kksa dh n”kk esa de gksrk gS ysfdr ,d fuf”pr la[;k rd gh mit c<+rh gSA Yield per plant decreases gradually
as plant population per unit area is increased but yield per unit area increases up to certain level of population.
• bl fuf”pr la[;k dks mfpr ikS/kksa dh la[;k dgrs gSAa blfy, mfpr ikS/kksa dh la[;k izfr bdkbZ {ks= ls vf/kd mit ysus ds fy, vko”;d gksrh gSA
That level of plant population is called as optimum population . So, it is necessary to get maximum yield per unit area.

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

Seed require in qtls for one hectare planting
at different plant geometry
Single Row
Total Wt.
No. of Sett Total Wt. of No. of Sett No. of Sett
of Used Total Wt. of
Running Planted per Used Sett Planted per Planted per
Distance Total No. of Total No. Sett (Qtls) Total No. of Used Sett (Qtls)
Meters in meter at 1.0 feet (Qtls) @100 meter at 1.5 meter at 2.0
Row To Row Sett Use of Sett Use @100 gm Sett Use @100 gm avg
Ha. sett to sett gm avg feet sett to sett feet sett to sett
avg wt./sett
distance wt./sett distance distance
wt./sett
2.0 Feet 16667 3.3 55556 56 2.2 37037 37 1.7 27778 28
2.5 Feet 13333 3.3 44444 44 2.2 29630 30 1.7 22222 22
3.0 Feet 11111 3.3 37037 37 2.2 24691 25 1.7 18519 19
3.5 Feet 9524 3.3 31746 32 2.2 21164 21 1.7 15873 16
4.0 Feet 8333 3.3 27778 28 2.2 18519 19 1.7 13889 14
4.5 Feet 7407 3.3 24691 25 2.2 16461 16 1.7 12346 12
5.0 Feet 6667 3.3 22222 22 2.2 14815 15 1.7 11111 11
Paired Row
Total Wt.
No. of Sett Total Wt. of No. of Sett No. of Sett
of Used Total Wt. of
Running Planted per Used Sett Planted per Planted per
Distance Total No. of Total No. Sett (Qtls) Total No. of Used Sett (Qtls)
Meters in meter at 1.0 feet (Qtls) @100 meter at 1.5 meter at 2.0
Row To Row Sett Use of Sett Use @100 gm Sett Use @100 gm avg
Ha. sett to sett gm avg feet sett to sett feet sett to sett
avg wt./sett
distance wt./sett distance distance
wt./sett
3.5 Feet 9524 6.7 63492 63 4.4 42328 42 3.3 31746 32
4.0 Feet 8333 6.7 55556 56 4.4 37037 37 3.3 27778 28
4.5 Feet 7407 6.7 49383 49 4.4 32922 33 3.3 24691 25
5.0 Feet 6667 6.7 44444 44 4.4 29630 30 3.3 22222 22

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

nwjh jksi.k
(Distance Planting)
➢ nwjh jksi.k dk rkRi;Z ykbZu ls ykbZu ds chp dh nwjh ls gSA
➢ ykbZu ls ykbZu dh nwjh vf/kd j[kus dk mn~ns”;] xUUkk izkd`frd lalk/ku dk lEiw.kZ mi;ksx
dj lds rkfd xUus ds mRiknu ,oa phuh ijrs esa c<+ksRrjh gksA
➢ xUus dk mRiknu bdkbZ {ks=Qy esa fey ;ksX; xUuksa dh la[;k vkSj mlds otu ij fuHkZj
djrk gSA ykbZu ls YkkbZu dh nwjh c<+kdj de cht esa xUuksa dh mfpr la[;k ,oa otu izkIr
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
➢ ykbZu ls ykbZu dh nwjh] iztkfr esas dYyksa dh {kerk] cqokbZ ds le;] feV~Vh dh moZjrk ,oa lw[ks
dh fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
➢ ;fn iztkfr esa dYyksa dh {kerk ,oa feV~Vh dh moZjrk de gks] nsjh ls xUus dh cqokbZ dh gks
vkSj lw[ks dh fLFkfr gks rks ykbZu ls ykbZu dh nwjh de j[krs gSAa
➢ tcfd mijksDr fLFkfr blds myV gks rks ykbZu ls ykbZu dh nwjh vf/kd j[krs gSAa
DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED
nwjh jksi.k ds ykHk
(Advantages of Distance Planting)
➢ ikS/kksa ds chp izfrLi/kkZ esa deh (Reduce plant competition)- Less plant mortality
➢ mfpr iks’kd rRoksa dk vo’kks”k.k (Proper Intake of Nutrients)- Increase rhizosphere
➢ ikS/kksa }kjk gok ,oa /kwi dk mfpr mi;ksx (Proper utilization of air and sunlight by the plants)
➢ dhVksa ,oa jksxksa dk izdksi de gksuk (Decrease insect pest and disease) - Microclimate
➢ d`’k.k fdz;kvksa esa vus okyh ck/kkvksa ls NqVdkjk (No hindrance in interculture activities) – ease weeding, spraying
➢ ;kaf=dj.k dks izksRlkgu (Encourage mechanization)- Possibility of Mechanical harvesting, weeding, hoeing, spray, earthing
➢ flapkbZ ds ty dh cpr (Save irrigation water) – Furrow irrigation
➢ taxyh tkuojksa ls Qly dk cpko (Avoid the attack of wild animals) – More space
➢ xUus fxjus dh leL;k dk de gksuk (Prevent crop from lodging) – Earthing, more roots
➢ [ksrh esa vkus okys [kpZ esa deh (Decrease cost of cultivation) – Less seed, weeding, irrigation, earthing & harvesting
➢ xUus dh dVkbZ ,oa fNykbZ esa lqfo/kk (Easy to harvest) – Healthy cane
➢ iSnkokj esa c<+ksRrjh (Increase production by improving attributes) – Increase NMC, HOP, HOC, DOC, NOI
➢ phuh ijrs esa c<+ksRrjh (Increase recovery) - Increase NMC, HOP, HOC, DOC, NOI
➢ vPNh isM+h Qly (Good Ratooning) – Possibility of use RMD
➢ vUr% Qly (Intercropping) – Pea, Mustard, Maize, Legums, Tubers,
➢ vfrfjDr vk; (Additional Income) – Extra crop

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

nwjh jksi.k dk izHkko
(Effect of Distance Planting)

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikS/kksa ij /kwi dk izHkko
(Effect of Sun Light on Plants)
• ikS/ks ds lHkh Hkkx izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :Ik ls izdk”k ls izHkkfor gksrs gSAa
(All the plant parts are directly or indirectly influenced by light)
• ikS/ks dh lkekU; o``f) ds fy, izdk”k dh lgh ek=k] xq.koRrk] vof/k vko”;drk gksrh gSA
(Light of correct intensity, quality and duration is essential to normal plant development)
• izdk”k dh de miyC/krk ls ikS/kksa esa fodkj gks tkrk gSA
(Poor light availability causes abnormalities and disorders in plants)
• izdk”k izdk”kla”ys’k.k ds fy, vfuok;Z gksrk gSA
(Light is indispensable to photosynthesis)
• izdk”k ls gh Hkkstu dk forj.k ikS/ks ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa gksrk gSA
(Light governs the distribution of photosynthates among different organs of plants)
• izdk”k dk izHkko dYyks]a fLFkjrk] etcwrh] xUuk ,oa iksjh dh yEckbZ] xUus dh eksVkbZ] Qkboj] iRrh ds
vkdkj] tM+ksa ds fodkl vkSj ifjiDork ij gksrk gSA
(Effects tiller production, stability, strength, length of cane & internode, doc, dry matter production, size of the
leaves, root development and maturity)

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd
(Factor affecting of plant geometry)
Parameter Factors Geometry Parameter Factors Geometry
Good Germinating Wide Optimum Wide
Poor germinating Narrow Humidity High Narrow
Variety
Profuse Tillering Wide Low Narrow
Lesser Tillering Narrow Sandy Narrow
15 Sep to 15 Oct Wide Type of Soil Loam Wide
15 Oct to 15 Nov Narrow Clay Narrow
Time of Planting
15 Feb to 15 Mar Wide Fertile Wide
Nutrients Status
15 Apr to 15 May Narrow Unfertile Narrow
Optimum Wide Irrigated Wide
Irrigation Status
Soil Moisture Deficit Narrow Rainfed Narrow
Wet Narrow Normal land Wide
Land Status
Optimum Wide Problemetic Narrow
Temprature High Narrow Progressive Wide
Farmer Status
Low Narrow Conservative Narrow

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

GoodGerminating
Good Germinating & Profuse
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering VarietyVariety
Variety
TimelySowing
Timely Sowing(15(15Sep
Septoto1515Oct)
Oct) ininAutumn
Timely
TimelySowing (15 Sep
Sowing to 15to
(15 Sep Oct) in Autumn
15 Oct) in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Feb to 15 Mar) in Spring
Distance Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum
Optimum Moisture,
Moisture, Temperature
Temperature & Humidity
& Humidity
5 Feet (Row to Row) X 2 Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Loamy
Loamy
Loamy &
& Fertile
& Fertile
Fertile SoilSoil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigatedand
Irrigated Normal
andand Land
Normal
Normal Land Land

Progressive Farmer
Progressive Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

GoodGerminating
Good Germinating & Profuse
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering VarietyVariety
Variety
Timely Sowing
Late Sowing (15(15
Oct Sep
to to 15 Oct)ininAutumn
15 Nov)
Timely
TimelySowing (15 Sep
Sowing to 15to
(15 Sep Oct) in Autumn
15 Oct) in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Apr to 15 May) in Spring
Distance Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum
Optimum Moisture,
Moisture, Temperature
Temperature & Humidity
& Humidity
5 Feet (Row to Row) X 1.5
4.5 2 Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Loamy
Loamy
Loamy &
& Fertile
& Fertile
Fertile SoilSoil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigatedand
Irrigated Normal
andand Land
Normal
Normal Land Land

Progressive Farmer
Progressive Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

PoorGerminating
Good
Good Germinating
Germinating & Profuse
& Lesser
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering
Tillering Variety
Variety
Variety
Variety
Timely
TimelySowing
Sowing(15(15Sep
Septoto1515Oct)
Oct) in
inAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Feb to 15 Mar) in Spring
Distance Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
4.5
5 Feet (Row to Row) X 1.5 2 Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Loamy
Loamy
Loamy &
& Fertile
& Fertile
Fertile SoilSoil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedand
andand
Normal
Normal
Normal Land
Land Land

Progressive
Progressive
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

GoodGerminating
Good Germinating & Profuse
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering VarietyVariety
Variety
Timely
TimelySowing
Sowing(15(15Sep
Septoto1515Oct)
Oct) in
inAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Feb to 15 Mar) in Spring
Distance Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
5 Feet (Row to Row) X 1
4 2 Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Sandy,
Loamy Clay
&
& Fertile
Loamy
Loamy &&Fertile
Unfertile
Fertile SoilSoil Soil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedand
andand
Normal
Normal
Normal Land
Land Land

Progressive
Progressive
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

GoodGerminating
Good Germinating & Profuse
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering VarietyVariety
Variety
Timely
TimelySowing
Sowing(15(15Sep
Septoto1515Oct)
Oct) in
inAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Feb to 15 Mar) in Spring
Distance
Normal Planting
Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
3.5
5 Feet
Feet(Row
(RowtotoRow)
Row) XX 21Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Sandy,
Loamy Clay
&
& Fertile
Loamy
Loamy &&Fertile
Unfertile
Fertile SoilSoil Soil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedand
andand
Normal
Normal
Normal Land
Land Land

Progressive
Conservative
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

PoorGerminating
Good
Good Germinating
Germinating & Profuse
& Lesser
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering
Tillering Variety
Variety
Variety
Variety
Timely
Late Sowing
Sowing(15(15
Oct Sep
to to
15 Nov)
15 Oct)ininAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Apr to 15 May) in Spring
Distance
Normal Planting
Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Poor Moisture,
Optimum Moisture, Temperature
Temperature & Humidity
& Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
35Feet
Feet(Row
(RowtotoRow)
Row) XX 0.5
2 Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Loamy
Loamy
Loamy &
& Fertile
& Fertile
Fertile SoilSoil
Soil

Irrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedand
andand
Normal
Normal
Normal Land
Land Land

Progressive
Progressive
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;fefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

GoodGerminating
Good Germinating & Profuse
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering VarietyVariety
Variety
Timely
TimelySowing
Sowing(15(15Sep
Septoto1515Oct)
Oct) in
inAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Feb to 15 Mar) in Spring
Distance
Normal Planting
Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
35Feet
Feet(Row
(RowtotoRow)
Row) XX 0.5
2 Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Sandy,
Loamy Clay
&
& Fertile
Loamy
Loamy &&Fertile
Unfertile
Fertile SoilSoil Soil
Soil

Unirrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedandand
and Normal
Problematic
Normal Land Land
Land

Progressive
Conservative
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

ikni T;kfefr dk fu/kkZj.k
(Determination of plant geometry)

Good Germinating & Profuse Tillering

PoorGerminating
Good
Good Germinating
Germinating & Profuse
& Lesser
& Profuse Tillering
Tillering
Tillering Variety
Variety
Variety
Variety
Timely
Late Sowing
Sowing(15(15
Oct Sep
to to
15 Nov)
15 Oct)ininAutumn
Timely
Timely Sowing
Sowing (15 Sep
(15 Sep to 15to 15 Oct)
Oct) in Autumn
in Autumn
Autumn
(15 Apr to 15 May) in Spring
Distance
Narrow Planting
Planting Optimum Moisture, Temperature &
Poor Moisture,
Optimum Moisture, Temperature
Temperature & Humidity
& Humidity
Optimum Moisture, Temperature & Humidity
2.5
5 Feet (Row to Row) X 0.5 2 Feet
Feet Humidity
(Plant to Plant or Sett to Sett)
Single Line Loamy
Loamy
Loamy &
& Fertile
& Fertile
Fertile SoilSoil
Soil

Unirrigated
Irrigated
Irrigatedandand
and Normal
Problematic
Normal Land Land
Land

Progressive
Progressive
Farmer
Farmer

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 dwaM+&ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Furrow-Narrow vs Distance Planting)

75 CM 120 CM

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 dwaM+&ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Furrow-Narrow vs Distance Planting)

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

tM+sa&ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Roots-Narrow vs Distance Planting)

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 flapkbZ&ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Irrigation- Narrow vs Distance Planting)

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ & ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Hoeing - Narrow vs Distance Planting)

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 Qly fLFkfr & ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(Crop Condition - Narrow vs Distance Planting)

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 izfr DyEi xUuksa dh la[;k & ladqfpr cuke nwjh jksi.k
(No. Millable Cane/Clump - Narrow vs Distance Planting)

Narrow Planting Distance Planting

DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED

 xUuk cqokbZ dh rduhd
(Sugarcane Planting Technique)
➢ esaM+ ,oa dwMa fof/k (Ridge and Furrow Method- 105 to 120 CM) – egkjk’Vª (Dry & Wet Method)
➢ lery D;kjh fof/k (Flat Bed Method- 60 to 90 CM) – mRrj Hkkjr ¼mRrj izns”k vkSj fcgkj½
➢ js;qUxu fof/k (Rayungan Method) – dksykiqj&ck<+xzflr {ks=ksa esa vM+lkyh xUuk
➢ ukyh ,oa tkok fof/k (Trench and Jawa Method) – tkok esa izpfyr
➢ ;kaf=d fof/k (MTP Method)
➢ QoZ rduhd (FIRB- Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed Technique)– xsg¡w dh cqokb okys {ks= esa izpfyr
➢ xM~Mk fof/k (Ring Pit Method Method)
➢ fV”kq dYpj rduhd (Tissue Culture Technique)
➢ ,l0Vh0ih0 rduhd (STP- Spaced Transplanting Technique)
➢ iksyh cSx rduhd (Poly Bag Technique)
➢ cM fpi rduhd (Bud Chip Technique)
DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED
/kU;okn
DHAMPUR BIO ORGANICS LIMITED