Lecture 1 – 2024.09.
12
Chapter 1: Functions and Models
1.1 There are 4 possible ways to represent a function
Ex 1. The area A of a circle depends on the radius r of the circle. The rule that
connects r and A is given by the equation A = πr2.
With each positive number r there is associated one value of A,
and we say that A is a function of r. (A depends on r.)
Because a circle has to have a positive radius, the domain is {r| r > 0} = (0, ∞) and the
range is also (0, ∞).
r A(r)
0 0
1 3.14159
2 12.56637
3 28.27433
4 50.26548
5 78.53981
Ex 2. The human population of the world P depends on the time t.
The table gives estimates of the world population P(t) at time t, for certain years.
For each value of the time t there is a corresponding value of P.
We say that P is a function of t.
Ex 3. The cost C of mailing an envelope depends on its weight w. Although there is no
simple formula that connects w and C, the post office has a rule for determining C
when w is known.
C is a function of w.
The function has to be single valued, so we also say
“if it contains (a, b) and (a, c), then b must equal c” or “a” cannot product two
different results.
Definition of a function:
A
B.
- The set A is called the domain of the function.
- The range of f is the set of all possible values of f(x) as x varies throughout the
domain, i.e., Rang(f) = { f(x) ∊ B | x ∊ A}.
（垂直線測試）
x = y2 ‒ 2 implies y2 = x + 2, so
Not a function of x a function of x a function of x
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
The function f is increasing on the interval [a, b],
decreasing on [b, c], and increasing again on [c, d].
The function f(x) = x2 is decreasing on the
interval (‒∞, 0] and increasing on the interval
[0, ∞].
Ex. On what interval is f increasing? And on what interval is f decreasing?
1.1 Exercises
Piecewise function
The functions defined by different formulas in different parts of their domains.
The absolute value function |x|
Point-slope form of the equation of a line:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
Exercise 1.1
H.W. 25, 31, 34, 41-44
