P & S SUMMER 2021 SOLUTION

Q1 – (A) An MBA applies for a job in two firms X and Y. The probability
of his being selected in firm X is 0.7 and being rejected in Y is 0.5. The
probability of at least one of his applications being rejected is 0.6. What
is the probability that he will selected in one the firms? (3M)

SOLUTION

Let A & B denote events that person is selected in firms X & Y

respectively
P(A) = 0.7 ̅ ) = 0.3
P(𝑨
P(B) = 0.5 ̅ ) = 0.5
P(𝑩

z
̅U𝑩
P(𝑨 ̅ ) = 0.6 aa
Aw
Probability that persons will be selected in one of two firms x or y is
given by
̅U𝑩
P(A U B) = 1 - P(𝑨 ̅)
ut

P(A U B) = 1 – (P(𝑨 ̅U𝑩

̅ ) – P(𝑨
̅ ) + P (𝑩 ̅ ))
gr

P(A U B) = 1 – (0.3 + 0.5 – 0.6)

Ja

P(A U B) = 0.8

Q1 – (B) A study showed that % 65 of managers had some business

education and % 50 had some engineering education. Furthermore % 20
the managers had some business education but no engineering
education. What is the probability that a manager had some business
education, given that he has some engineering education? (4M)

SOLUTION

Let A = manager has some business education

B = manager has some engineering education

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 P(A) = 65% = 0.65
P(B) = 50 % = 0.50

Also, given that 20% managers has some business education but no
engineering students
P(A – B) = 20% = 0.2

P(A) = P(A – B) + P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∩ B) = P(A) – P(A – B)
P(A ∩ B) = 0.65 – 0.20
P(A ∩ B) = 0.45

Now probability that manager has some business education given

that he has some engineering education

z
𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁)
P(A/B) =
𝑷(𝑩)
𝟎.𝟒𝟓
aa
P(A/B) =
Aw
𝟎.𝟓𝟎
𝟗
P(A/B) =
𝟏𝟎
ut

Q1 – (C) A manufacturing firm produces steel pipes in three plants with

gr

daily production volume of 500, 1000, 2000 units respectively. According

to past experience it is know that the fractions of defective output
Ja

produced the three plants are respectively 0.05, 0.08, and 0.10. If a pipe
is selected from a day’s total production and found to be defective.
What is the probability that it came from the first plant? Also find out
from which plant the defective pipe comes. (7M)

SOLUTION

Let us consider probability of production

𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟏
P(A) = =
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟕
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐
P(B) = =
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟕
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟒
P(C) = =
𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝟕

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 and,
Probability of defective pipes
by plant A = P(A/E) = 0.05
by plant B = P(B/E) = 0.08
by plant C = P(C/E) = 0.10

Now,
From Baye’s Theorem
Probability of defective pipe from 1st plant
𝑷(𝑨)×𝑷(𝑨/𝑬)
P(E/A) =
𝑷(𝑨)×𝑷(𝑨/𝑬)+𝑷(𝑩)×𝑷(𝑩/𝑬)+ 𝑷(𝑪)×𝑷(𝑪/𝑬)
𝟏
𝟕
×𝟎.𝟎𝟓
P(E/A) = 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒
𝟕
×𝟎.𝟎𝟓 + ×𝟎.𝟎𝟖+ ×𝟎.𝟏𝟎
𝟕 𝟕
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟏
P(E/A) =

z
𝟎.𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟏

P(E/A) = 0.0815 aa
Aw

Q2 (A) The probability that an item produced by a machine will be

𝟏
defective is . If 12 such items are produced, find the probability that
𝟏𝟎
ut

(i) Exactly one will be defective, (ii) at least two will be defective
(iii) None of the item is defective. (3M)
gr
Ja

SOLUTION

X = defective item
P(X = x) = nCx px qn-x
1
p=
10
1 9
q=1- =
10 10
n = 12

(i) Exactly one will be defective

12 1 1 9 11
P(X = 1) = C1 ( ) ( )
10 10
12×911
P(X = 1) =
1012

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 P(X = 1) = 0.376

(ii) at least two will be defective

P(X > 2) = 1 – P(X < 2)
P(X > 2) = 1 – [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]
9 12
P(X > 2) = 1 – [12C0 ( ) + 0.376]
10
P(X > 2) = 1 – [0.282 + 0.376]
P(X > 2) = 1 – 0.658
P(X > 2) = 0.342

(iii) None of item is defective

12 9 12
P(X = 0) = C0 ( )

z
10
P(X= 0) = 0.282 aa
Aw
Q2 (B) A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The
number of demands for a car on each day is distributed as a Poisson
distribution with mean 𝜇=1.5. Calculate the proportion of days on which
ut

neither car is used and proportion of days on which some demand is

gr

refused. (𝑒-1.5 = 0.2231) (4M)

Ja

SOLUTION

λ = 1.5
Let X be random variable which denotes number of demands for car on
each day
Probability of day on which there are x demands for car
𝒆−𝝀 𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 𝟏.𝟓𝒙
P(X = x) = = x = 0,1,2…
𝒙! 𝒙!

(i) proportion or probability of days on which neither car is used

𝒆−𝟏.𝟓 𝟏.𝟓𝟎
P(X = 0) =
𝟎!

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 P(X= 0) = 0.2231

(ii) proportion or probability of days on which same demand is refused

P(X > 2) = 1 – P(X < 2)
= 1 - ∑2𝑥=0 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥)
𝑒 −1.5 1.5𝑥
= 1 - ∑2𝑥=0 ′
𝑥!
P(X> 2) = 0.1912

Q2 (C) The average daily sales of 500 branch offices was Rs. 150
thousand & standard deviation Rs. 15 thousand. Assuming distribution
to be normal indicate how many branches have sales between
a) Rs. 120 thousand and Rs. 145 thousand
b) Rs. 140 thousand and Rs. 165 thousand

z
P(0 < Z < 2) = 0.4772, P(0 < Z < 0.33) = 0.1293, P(0 < Z < 1) = 0.2846 (7M)
aa
SOLUTION
Aw

N = 500
ut

µ = 150
gr

σ = 15
Ja

a) Rs 120 thousand & Rs 145 thousand

120 − 150
When X = 120, Z = =-2
15
145 − 150
When X = 145, Z = = - 0.33
15
P(120 < X < 145) = P(- 2 < Z < 0.33)
= P(0.33 < Z < 2)
= P(0 < Z < 2) – P(0 < Z < 0.33)
= 0.4772 – 0.1293
= 0.3479

b) Rs 140 & Rs 165 thousand

140 − 150
When X = 140, Z = = - 0.667
15

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 165 − 150
When X = 165, Z = =1
15
P(140 < X < 165) = P(- 0.67 < Z < 1)
= P(- 0.67 < Z < 0) + P(0 < Z < 1)
= P(0 < Z < 0.67) + P(0 < Z < 1)
= 0.2486 + 0.3413
= 0.5899

OR
Q2(C) Accidents occur with a Poisson distribution at an average 2 per week.
a) Obtain the probability of more than 3 accidents during a week
b) What is the probability that at least two weeks will elapse
between accidents. (7M)

z
SOLUTION
aa
λ=2
Aw

Poisson Distribution
𝒆−𝝀 𝝀𝒙 𝒆−𝟐 (𝟐)𝒙
P(X = x) = = x = 0,1,2…
𝒙! 𝒙!
ut
gr

a) Probability of more than 3 accidents per week

P(X > 3) = 1 – P(X < 3)
Ja

= 1 – [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)]

2 1
= 1 – [e-2 + 2e-2 + e-2 + e-2]
3 3
-2
= 1 – [4e ]
= 1 – 0.5413
= 0.4587

b) Probability that atleast two weeks will collapse between accidents

P(X > 2) = 1 – P(X < 2)
= 1 – [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]
= 1 –[e-2 + 2e-2]
= 1 – 3e-2
= 1 – 0.406
= 0.594

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Q3(A) A fair die is thrown 300 times. Find the lower bound for probability of
getting 30 to 60 sixes (3M)

SOLUTION
Let S be total number of success
1
E(S) = np = 300 × = 50
6
1 5 250
V(S) = npq = 300 × × =
6 6 6

Using Chebycheu’s inequality we get

P[|S – E(S)| < Kσ] > 1 1 – 1/k2
P{-kσ < S – E(S) < Kσ2} > 1 – 1/k2
P{E(S) – kσ < S < kσ + E(S)} > 1 – 1/k2

z
𝑘250 250𝑘
P{100 -
6
< S < 100 +
𝜎
aa
} > 1 – 1/k2
Aw
Comparing P{30 < X < 60}
250𝑘
100 - = 30
6
250𝑘
ut

= 70
6
𝟒𝟐
gr

k=
𝟐𝟓
Ja

(25)2
P{30 < X < 60} > 1 –
(42)2
P{30 < X < 60} > 1 – 0.354
P {30 < X < 60} > 0.646

Hence lower bound for probability = 0.646

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Q3(B) Find quartile deviation and its coefficients. Also find inter quartile
range & coefficient of variations (4M)
Marks <35 35 – 37 38 – 40 41 – 43 >43
Students 8 16 13 8 5

SOLUTION
Marks Students cf
<35 8 8
35 – 37 16 24
38 – 40 13 37
41 – 43 8 45
>43 5 50

z
𝑁 50
Q1 = = = 12.5
4
𝑵
𝟒
4
−𝒄𝒇
aa
Q1 = L + ×h
Aw
𝒇
12.5 − 8
Q1 = 35 + ×3
16
Q1 = 35.843
ut

3𝑁 𝑡ℎ 3×50
gr

Q3 = size of ( ) = = 37.5
4 4
𝟑𝑵
−𝒄𝒇
Ja

𝟒
Q3 = L + ×h
𝒇
37.5 − 37
Q3 = 41 + ×3
8
Q3 = 41.187
𝑸 −𝑸
Quartile deviation = 𝟑 𝟏
𝟐
𝟒𝟏.𝟏𝟖𝟕 − 𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟒𝟑
=
𝟐
Quartile Deviation = 2.672

Inter Quartile Range = Q3 – Q1 = 41.187 – 35.843

Inter Quartile Range = 5.344
𝑸𝟑 −𝑸𝟏 𝟒𝟏.𝟏𝟖𝟕 − 𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟒𝟑
Quartile Deviation Coefficient = =
𝑸𝟑 + 𝑸𝟏 𝟒𝟏.𝟏𝟖𝟕 + 𝟑𝟓.𝟖𝟒𝟑
Quartile Deviation Coefficient = 0.06937

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Q3(C) The following data related to profits of 1000 companies
Profits 100 - 120 – 140 – 160 – 180 – 200 – 220 –
120 140 160 180 200 220 240
No of 17 53 199 194 327 208 02
companies
Calculate coefficient of skewness (7M)

SOLUTION

Class fi xi di ui fiui fiui2

Interval
100 – 120 17 110 -60 -3 -51 153
120 -140 53 130 -40 -2 -106 212
140 – 160 199 150 -20 -1 -199 199

z
160 – 180 194 170 0 0 0 0
180 – 200
200 – 220
327
208
190
210
20
40
aa 1
2
327
416
327
832
Aw
220 – 240 2 230 60 3 6 18
1000 393 1741
393
𝑥̅ = 170 + × 20
ut

1000

̅ = 177.986
𝒙
gr

∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢𝑖2 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑢1 2
Ja

SD = √ − ( ) ×h
𝑁 𝑁

1741 393 2
SD = √ − ( ) × 20
1000 1000

SD = √1.741 − 0.1544 × 20
SD = 1.2596 × 20
SD = 25.192
Maximum frequency is 327
So, Mode class = 180 - 200
l =180
h = 20
f1 = 327
f0 = 194

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 f2 = 208

𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎
Mode = l + ( )×h
𝟐𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝟐
327−194
Mode = 180 + ( ) × 20
2(327)− 194 − 208
133
Mode = 180 + ( ) × 20
252
Mode = 180 + 10.555
Mode = 190.555

𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 − 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆
Skewness =
𝝈
𝟏𝟕𝟕.𝟗𝟖𝟔 − 𝟏𝟗𝟎.𝟓𝟓
Skewness =
𝟐𝟓.𝟏𝟗𝟐

z
Skewness = - 0.504
aa
Aw
OR
Q3(A) Following is the table showing number of visitors in 180 days to a
zoo. Obtain average number of visitors per day (3M)
ut

Marks 1 – 10 11 – 20 21 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 60
gr

Students 22 28 25 45 30 20
Ja

SOLUTION
Marks Frequency xi fixi
0.5 – 10.5 22 5.5 121
10.5 – 20.5 28 15.5 434
20.5 – 30.5 25 25.5 892.5
30.5 – 40.5 45 35.5 1597.5
40.5 – 50.5 30 45.5 1365
50.5 – 60.5 20 55.5 110
∑ 𝒇 = 180 ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 = 5520

∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟎
̅=
𝒙 ∑𝒇
=
𝟏𝟖𝟎

̅ = 30.67
𝒙

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OR
Q3(B) Define Moments about assumed mean. Obtain first four moments
about arbitrary origin from table (4M)
Sources 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 90 90 – 100
Players 8 11 18 9 4

SOLUTION

Moments about assumed mean

 Moments about mean value µ > E(X) called central moments
& denoted µr
µrI = E { (x - µ)r}
= ∑∞ 𝒓 𝒓
𝒊= 𝟏(𝒙𝒊 − µ) 𝒑(𝒙𝒊 ) = ∑(𝒙 − µ) p(x)

z
aa
If frequency distribution given & n = ∑ 𝒇 then
∑ 𝒇𝒊
P(xi) =
Aw
𝑵
∑∞
𝒊= 𝟏 𝒇(𝒙𝒊 −µ)
𝒓
µr =
𝑵
xi fi xi x - a f(x - a) f(x - a)2 f(x - a)3 f(x - a)4
ut

50 – 8 55 -20 -160 3200 -64000 -128000

gr

60
60 – 11 65 -10 -110 1100 -11000 -110000
Ja

70
70 – 18 75 : A 0 0 0 0 0
80
80 – 09 85 10 90 900 9000 9000
90
90 – 04 95 20 80 1600 32000 640000
100
∑ 𝒇 ∑ 𝒇(𝒙) ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 − ∑ 𝒇(𝒙 −
= 50 = 500 µ) = - µ)𝟐 = µ)𝟑 = µ)𝟒 =
100 6800 -34000 -6,60000

Moments about actual mean

∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑎) −100
µ1 = = =2
𝑁 50

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 ∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑎)2 6800
µ2 = = = 136
𝑁 500
∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑎)3 −340000
µ3 = = =
-680
𝑁 50
∑ 𝑓(𝑥−𝑎)4 −660000
µ4 = = =
-13,200
𝑁 50

OR
Q3(C) Find mean, median, mode (7M)
Class 50 - 53 - 56 – 59 – 62 – 65 – 68 – 71 – 74 –
53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77
Frequency 3 8 14 30 36 28 16 10 3

SOLUTION

z
Class
50 – 53
fi
3
xi
51.5
di
-12
ui
-4
aa fiui
-12
cf
3
Aw
53 – 56 8 54.5 -9 -3 -24 11
56 – 59 14 57.5 -6 -2 -28 25
59 – 62 30 60.5 -3 -1 -30 55
ut

62 - 65 36 63.5 : A 0 0 0 91
65 – 68 28 66.5 3 1 28 119
gr

68 – 71 16 69.5 6 2 32 135
Ja

71 – 74 10 72.5 9 3 30 145
74 – 77 3 75.5 12 4 12 148
∑𝒇 = ∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒖𝒊 = 8
148

∑ 𝒇𝒊 𝒖𝒊
̅=A+
𝒙 ∑𝒇
×h
𝟖
̅= 63.5 +
𝒙 × 𝟑
𝟏𝟒𝟖
̅ = 63.662
𝒙

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n = 148
𝑛
= 74
2
Median Class : 62 – 65
cf = 55
f = 36
h=3
l = 62
𝒏
− 𝒄𝒇
𝟐
Median = l + ( )× h
𝒇
74 − 55
Median = 62 + ( )×3
36
Median = 62 + 1.5833
Median = 63.583

z
Maximum frequency is 36
So, Mode class = 62 – 65
aa
l = 62
Aw
h=3
f1 = 36
f0 = 30
ut

f2 = 28
gr

𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎
Mode = l + ( )×h
Ja

𝟐𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝟐
36 − 30
Mode = 62 + ( )×3
2(36) − 30 − 28
6
Mode = 62 + ( ) × 3
14
Mode = 63.286

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Q4(A) Airscrew escape systems powered by a solid propellant. The burning
rate of this propellant is an important product characteristics. Specifications
require that the mean burning rate must be µ = 50 centimeters per second
and standard deviation of burning rate σ = 2 per second. The experimenter
chooses  level of significance and selects random sample of n = 25 and
obtain a sample average 𝒙 ̅ = 51.3 centimeters per second. What conclusions
should be drawn? (z0.025 = + 1.96) (3M)

SOLUTION

n = 25
̅ = 51.3
𝒙
σ=2
µ =50

z
(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : µ = 50 aa
Aw
(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : µ > 50 (Right Tailed test)

(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

ut

(iv) Test Statistics

gr

𝑥̅ − µ
Z= 𝜎
Ja

√𝑛
51.3 − 50
Z= 2
√25
|Z| = 3.25

(v) Critical Value : Z0.05 = 1.645

(vi) Decision : Since |Z| > Z0.05, null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of
significance

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Q4(B) Psychological tests of intelligence and of engineering ability were
applied to 10 students as per the following data. Find the coefficient of
correlation (4M)
Intelligence 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 96 93 92
Ration
Engineering 101 103 100 98 95 96 104 92 97 94
Ability

SOLUTION
D n = 10
∑𝑥 990
𝑥̅ = = = 99
𝑛 10
∑𝑦 980
𝑦̅ = = = 98
𝑛 100

z
x
105
y
101
x-𝒙
6
̅ y-𝒚
3
̅
36
̅) 2
(x - 𝒙 aa ̅ )2
(y - 𝒚
9
̅) (y - 𝒚
(x - 𝒙
18
̅)
Aw
104 103 5 5 25 25 25
102 100 3 2 9 4 6
101 98 2 0 4 0 0
ut

100 95 1 -3 1 9 -3
99 96 0 -2 0 4 0
gr

98 104 -1 6 1 36 -6
Ja

96 92 -3 -6 9 36 18
93 97 -6 -1 36 1 6
92 94 -7 -4 49 16 28
∑𝑿 = ∑𝒀 = ∑(𝒙 − ̅
𝒙)∑(𝒚 − 𝒚
̅)∑(𝒙 − ∑(𝒚 − ∑(𝒙 − ̅ ̅)
𝒙) (𝒚 − 𝒚
990 980 =0 =0 ̅) 𝟐
𝒙 ̅) 𝟐
𝒚 = 92
= 170 = 140

∑(𝒙−𝒙
̅) (𝒚−𝒚
̅)
r=
̅) 𝟐√∑(𝒚 −𝒚
√∑(𝒙 −𝒙 ̅) 𝟐
𝟗𝟐
r=
√𝟏𝟕𝟎 √𝟏𝟒𝟎

r = 0.596

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Q4(C) The following table gives the aptitude test scores and productivity
indices of 10 workers selected at random
Aptitude 60 62 65 70 72 48 53 73 65 82
Scores
Productivity 68 60 62 80 85 40 52 62 60 81
Index
Estimate (i) the productivity index of a worker whose test score is 0.92
(ii) the test score of a worker whose productivity index is 0.75 (7M)

SOLUTION
Dx y ̅
x-𝒙 ̅
y-𝒚 ̅) 2
(x - 𝒙 ̅ )2
(y - 𝒚 ̅) (y -
(x - 𝒙
̅)
𝒚
60 68 -5 3 25 9 -15

z
62 60 -3 -5 9 25 15
65
70
62
80
0
5
-3
15
aa 0
25
9
225
0
75
Aw
72 85 7 20 49 400 140
48 40 -17 -25 289 625 425
53 52 -12 -13 144 169 156
ut

73 62 8 -3 64 9 -24
65 60 0 -5 0 25 0
gr

82 81 17 16 289 256 272

∑𝑿 = ∑𝒀 = ̅̅̅∑(𝒚
𝟐
− ̅̅̅ 𝟐
Ja

∑(𝒙 − 𝒙) 𝒚)1044
650 650 = =
894 1752
n = 10
∑𝑥 650
𝑥̅ = = = 65
𝑛 10
∑𝑦 650
𝑦̅ = = = 65
𝑛 100

̅̅̅ (𝒚 −𝒚)
∑(𝒙 −𝒙) ̅̅̅ 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒
byx = ∑(𝒙 −𝒙)̅̅̅𝟐 = = 1.168
𝟖𝟗𝟒
̅̅̅ (𝒚 −𝒚)
∑(𝒙 −𝒙) ̅̅̅ 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒
bxy = = ∑(𝒚 −𝒚)̅̅̅𝟐 = = 0.596
𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟐

Regression equation of productivity index (y) on Aptitude score (x) is

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y = a + byx x (1)
For as,
𝑦̅ = a + byx 𝑋̅
a = 𝑦̅ - byx 𝑋̅
a = 65 – (1.168) ×65
a = -10.92

y = -10.92 + 1.168x
For x = 0.092
y = - 10.92 + 1.0745
y = -9.845

Regression equation of test score on productivity index is

x = a1 + bxy y (2)

z
For a1 aa
𝑥̅ = a1+ bxy 𝑦̅
a1 = 65 – (0.596) (65)
Aw

a1 = 26.26

x = 26.26 + 0.596y
ut

For y = 0.75
gr

x = 26.26 + 0.596 (0.75)

Ja

x = 26.707

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OR
Q4(A) You are working as a purchase manager for a company. The following
information has been supplied to you by two manufactures of electric
bulbs.

Company A Company B
Mean life in hours 1300 1248
Standard Deviation 82 93
Sample Size 100 100
Which brand of bulbs are you going to purchase if you desire to take a risk
at 5%? ( 𝑍0.05=±1.96) (3M)

SOLUTION

z
D
n1 =100 n2 = 100
aa
Aw
̅̅̅
𝒙𝟏 = 1300 ̅̅̅
𝒙𝟐 = 1248
s1 = 92 s2 = 93
ut

𝑛1 𝑠12 +𝑛2𝑠22
S =√
gr

𝑛1 + 𝑛2−2

100(82)2 +100(93)2
S=√
Ja

100+100 − 2
S = √7764.14
S = 88.114 hr

(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : µ1 = µ2

(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : µ1 > µ2 (one tailed test)

(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

(iv) Test Statistics

̅𝑥̅̅̅− ̅𝑥̅̅̅
t = 11 21
𝑠√𝑛 + 𝑛
1 2

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 1300 − 1248
t= 1 1
88.114√ +
100 100
|t|= 4.1729

(v) Critical Value : v = n1 + n2 – 2 = 100 + 100 – 2 = 198

t0.05 (v = 198) = 1.645

(vi) Decision : Since |t| > t0.05, null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of
significance
OR
Q4(B) An examination of eight applicants for a critical post was given by a
firm. From the marks obtained by the applicants in the Accountancy and
Statistics papers, compute rank coefficient correlation (4M)
Marks in 15 20 28 12 40 60 20 80

z
Accountancy
Marks in 40 30 50 30 20 aa 10 30 60
Statistics
Aw

SOLUTION
ut

D
x y Rank in x Rank in y d=x–y d2
gr

15 40 7 3 4 16
20 30 5.5 5 0.5 0.25
Ja

28 50 4 2 2 4
12 30 8 5 3 9
40 20 3 7 -4 16
60 10 2 8 -6 36
20 30 5.5 5 0.5 0.25
80 60 1 1 0 0
∑ 𝒅𝟐 = 8

m1 = 2
m2 = 3

𝟏 𝟏
𝟔[∑ 𝒅𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝒎𝟑𝟏−𝒎𝟏)+𝟏𝟐(𝒎𝟑𝟐 −𝒎𝟐 )]
r=1-
𝒏(𝒏𝟐 −𝟏)

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 1 1
6[81.5 +12(6) + 12 (24)]
r=1-
8(82−1)
6[81.5 +0.5 + 2]
r=1-
8(63)

r=1–1

r=0

OR
Q4(C) In partially destroyed laboratory record of an analysis of
correlation data, the following results are eligible (7M)
2
Variance of x, σx = 9
Two line of regressions: 8x-10y+66=0, 40x-18y=214
From the above obtain mean values of x and y, the standard deviation

z
of y and correlation coefficient
aa
SOLUTION
Aw

D
σx2 = 9
ut

Regression Lines pass through lines (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅)

gr

̅̅̅̅
𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 ̅ + 66 = 0 (1)
40𝒙 ̅ − 𝟏𝟖𝒚 ̅ = 214 (2)
Ja

Solving eqs (1), (2)

𝑥̅ = 13 𝑦̅𝑦̅==1717

(i) Let line 8x – 10y + 66 = 0be line of regression of y on x

10y = 8x + 66
y = 0.8x + 6.6
byx = 0.8

Let line 40x – 18y = 214 be line of regression of x on y

40x = 18y + 214
214
x = 0.45y +
40
bxy = 0.45

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 r = √𝒃𝒚𝒙 𝒃𝒙𝒚
r = √0.8 × 0.45
r = 0.6
𝝈𝒙
bxy = r
𝝈𝒚
𝟎.𝟔(𝟎.𝟑)
σy =
𝟎.𝟒𝟓
σy = 4

Q5(A) 500 units from a factory are inspected and 12 are found to be
defective, 800 units from another factory are inspected and 12 are
found to be defective. Can it be concluded at 5% level of significance
that production at second factory is better that in first factory. (𝑍0.05=
±1.96) (3M)

z
SOLUTION
aa
D
Aw

n1 = 500
n2 = 800
𝟏𝟐
ut

p1 = = 0.024
𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐
gr

p2 = = 0.015
𝟖𝟎𝟎
Ja

𝑛1 𝑝1 +𝑛2 𝑝2 500(0.024) + 800(0.015)

p= = p = 0.0185
𝑛1 +𝑛2 500 + 800
q = 1 – 0.0185 = 0.9815

(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : p1 = p2

(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : p1 > p2 (right tailed test)

(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

(iv) Test Statistics

𝑝 −𝑝
Z= 11 1 2
√(𝑛 +𝑛 )× 𝑝𝑞
1 2

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 0.024 − 0.015
Z= 1 1
√(0.0185) (0.9815) ( + )
500 800
|Z| = 1.172

(v) Critical Value : |Z0.05| = 1.96

(vi) Decision : Since |Z| < |Z0.05|, null hypothesis is accepted at 5%

level of significance

Q5(B) Two salesmen A and B are working in a certain district. From a

sample survey conducted by the head office, the following results were
obtained. Whether is there any significant difference in average sales
between two salesman? (4M)
A B

z
No of sales 20 18
Average Sales in Rs
Standard Deviation in RS 20
170 aa
205
25
Aw
The critical value of t at 5% level of significance and 36 degree of
freedom is more than 36
ut

SOLUTION
gr

D
n1 = 20 n2 = 18
Ja

̅̅̅
𝒙𝟏 = 170 ̅̅̅
𝒙𝟐 = 205
s1 = 20 s2 = 25

𝑛1 𝑠12 +𝑛2𝑠22
S =√
𝑛1 + 𝑛2−2

20(20)2+(18)(25)2
S=√
20 + 18 − 2
S = 23.124 hr

(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : µ1 = µ2

(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : µ1 < µ2 (one tailed test)

(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

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 (iv) Test Statistics
̅𝑥̅̅̅− ̅𝑥̅̅̅
t = 11 21
𝑠√𝑛 + 𝑛
1 2
170 − 205
t= 1 1
23.124√ +
20 18
|t|= 4.648

(v) Critical Value : v = n1 + n2 – 2 = 20 + 18 – 2 = 36

t0.05 (v = 36) = 1.645

(vi) Decision : Since |t| > t0.05, null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level of
significance

z
Q5(C) A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P(lb) at its
aa
mid point. Corresponding to various values of P the maximum
deflection y (in) is measured. The corresponding table is given below.
Aw
Find the low of the y = a + bP (7M)
P 100 120 140 160 180 200
y 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
ut
gr

SOLUTION
D
Ja

Let straight line to be fitted to data be

y = a + bP

Normal Equations are

∑ 𝒚 = na + b∑ 𝑷 … (1)
∑ 𝑷𝒚 = a ∑ 𝑷 + b ∑ 𝑷𝟐 ….(2)

Hence, n = 6
P y P2 Py
100 0.45 10000 45
120 0.55 14400 66
140 0.60 19600 84
160 0.70 256000 112

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 180 0.80 32400 144
200 0.85 40000 170
∑ 𝑷 = 900 ∑ 𝒚 = 3.95 ∑ 𝑷𝟐 = 142000 ∑ 𝑷𝒚 = 621

Substitute these values in eq (1) & eq (2)

3.95 = 6a + 900b (3)
621 = 900a + 142000b (4)

Solving Eq (3) & Eq (4)

900a + 135000b = 592.5
900a + 142000b = 621
7000b = 28.5
b = 0.041

a = 0.0476

z
b = 0.041 aa
Hence, required equation of straight line is
Aw

y = 0.0476+ 0.041p
ut

OR
Q5(A) A random sample of size 15 from a bivariate normal population
gr

gave correlation coefficient r =0.5. Is this indicate the correlation in the

Ja

population? Choose ∝ = 0.05 as level of significance [t∝/2,13 = 2.160] (3M)

SOLUTION

n = 15
r = 0.5

(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : ρ = 0

(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : ρ ≠ 0 (Two Tailed Test)

(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

(iv) Test Statistics

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 𝑟 √𝑛−2
t=
√1−𝑟 2
0.5√15−2
t=
√1−(0.5)2
|t| = 2.4036

(v) Critical Value : v = n – 2 = 15 – 2 = 13

t0.05 (v = 13) = 1.771

(vi) Decision : Since |t| > t0.05, null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level
of significance

OR
Q5(B) By method of least squares fit curve in form of y = axb to following
data (4M)

z
x 2 3 4 5
y 27.8 62.1 110 aa 161
Aw

SOLUTION

Let equation of straight line is : y = axb

ut
gr

Taking log on both sides

Ja

logey = logea + b logex

Putting, logey = Y, logea= A , b = B and logex = X
Y = A + BX

So, normal equation is

∑ 𝒀 = na + b∑ 𝑿 (1)
∑ 𝑿𝒀 = a∑ 𝑿 + b∑ 𝑿𝟐 (2)

n=4
x y X Y x2 xy
2 27.8 0.69 3.325 0.4761 2.294
3 62.1 1.098 4.129 1.2056 4.534
4 110 1.386 4.7 1.921 6.513
5 161 1.609 5.081 2.589 8.175

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 ∑𝑿 = ∑𝒀 = ∑ 𝑿𝟐 = ∑ 𝑿𝒀 =
4.783 17.235 6.1917 21.517
Substitute values in eq (1) & (2)
17.285 = 4A + 4.783B (3)
21.517 = 4.783A + 6.1917B (4)

Solving (3), (4)

4.783A + 5.179B = 20.61
4.783A + 6.1917B = 21.517
-1.0127B = -0.907
B = 0.896
A = 3.237
A = logea B=b
logea = 3.237 b = 0.896

z
a = 25.437
aa
Hence, required equation of curve is
Aw

y = 25.457x3.237
ut

OR
Q5(C) The number of defects in printed circuit board is hypothesized to
gr

follow Poisson distribution. A random sample of n=60 printed board has

Ja

been collected & following number of defects observed

No of 0 1 2 3
defects
Observed 35 15 09 04
Frequency
Use chi – square distribution to test claim that number defects follows
Poisson Distribution X2(0.05,1) = 3.84

SOLUTION
(i) Null Hypothesis H0 : The defects follow poisson distribution can
fitted data

(ii) Alternative Hypothesis H1 : The defects do not follow poisson

distribution

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(iii) Level of Significance : ∝ = 0.05

(iv) Test Statistics : Expected Frequency by poisson distribution is

given by
𝑒 −𝜆 𝜆𝑥
Expected Frequency : fe = Np = 𝑁 ( )
𝑥!
∑𝑥 4(32) + 15(1) + 2(09) + 3(04)
λ= = = 0.75
𝑁 32 +15+09 +04
𝑒 −0.75 0.75𝑥
fe = Np = 60 ( ) x = 0, 1, 2,3
𝑥!

Expected or Theoretical Frequency

x 0 1 2 3
f0 28.34 21.26 7.97 1.993

z
No of Observed Expected aa (𝒇 𝟎 − 𝒇 𝒆 )𝟐
defects Frequency Frequency (fe) 𝒇𝒆
Aw
0 32 28.34 0.4726
1 15 21.26 1.843
2 9 7.97 0.1331
ut

3 4 1.993 2.021
gr

2 (𝒇𝟎 −𝒇𝒆 )𝟐
X =∑ = 4.4697
𝒇𝒆
Ja

(v) Critical Value : = 4 – (1 + 1) = 2

X20.05 = 3.384

(vi) Decision : Since X2 > X20.05, null hypothesis is rejected at 5% level

of significance

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