Standard Specification for
Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic
Cernent Concrete
AASHTO Designation: M 80-13
111E VDICE 0F TRANSPOR ATION
1. SCOPE
1.1. This specification covers coarse aggregate, other than lightweight aggregate, for use in concrete.
Several classes and gradings of coarse aggregate are described (Notes I and 2). Specifications for
fine aggregate are provided in M 6.
Note 1This specification is regarded as adequate te , ensure satisfactory materials for most
concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in certain regions, it may be either more or less
restrictive than needed.
Note 2Definitions ofterrns used in this specification may be found in ASTM C 125.
1.2. The values stated in SI units are toi be regarded as the standard.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
M 6, Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cernent Concrete
M 43, Sizes ofAggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
PP 65, Determining the Reactivity of Concrete Aggregates and Selecting Appropriate
Measures for Preventing Deleterious Expansion in New Concrete Construction
T 2, Sarnpiing ofAggregates
T 11, Materials Finer Than 75-ism (No. 200) Sieve in Minerai Aggregates by Washing
T 19M/T 19, Buik Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Srnail-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact
in the Los Angeles Machine
T 104, Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
T 112, Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate
T 113, Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate
2.2. ASTM Standards:
C 125, Standard Terminology Relating te, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
STP 169D, Signflcance of Tests and Properties ofConcrete and Concrete-Making Materials
3. ORDERING INFORMATION
3.1. The purchaser or specifier shall include the following information in the purchase order or
contract documents:
TS-lc M 80-1 AASHTO
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3.1.1. Reference to this specification, M 80, and year of issue;
3.1.2. Grading to be fumished (Size No.) (Section 5.1);
3.1.3. Class designation ofaggregate (Section 6.1 and Table 2);
3.1.4. In the case of the sulfate soundness test (Table 2), which sait is to be used. If none is stated, either
salt may be used;
3.1.5. If additional requirements are necessary for addressing reactive materials (Section 6.2); and
3.1.6. Any exceptions or additions to this specification.
4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1. Coarse aggregate shail consist ofgravel, crushed grave!, crushed stone, crushed air-cooled blast-
furnace slag, or crushed concrete, or a combination thereof, conforming to the requirements of
this specification.
5. GRADING
5.1. Coarse aggregates shail conform te , the requirements prescribed in M 43 for the size number
specified.
Note 3The ranges shown in M 43 are by necessity very wide in order to accommodate
nationwide conditions. For quality control ofany specific operation, a producer should develop an
average gradation for the particular source and production facilities, and control the gradation
within reasonable tolerances froni this average. Where coarse aggregate sizes numbers 357 or 467
are used, the aggregate should be furnished in at least two separate sizes.
6. DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
6.1. Coarse aggregates shail conform te , the limits given in Table 2 for the ciass specified, except as
provided in Section 6.3 (sec also Notes 4 and 5).
Note 4Aggregate conforming to the requirements for the various classes should generaily be
suitable for the following uses as shown in Table 1.
Note 5The purchaser or specifier, due to bis or her knowiedge of the requirements for concrete
aggregates for specific uses in specific areas, may wish to supplement the requirements of Table 2
by placing limits on the amount of local deleterious substances permitted.
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Table 1Typical Uses for Aggregate Conforming to the Requirements for the Various Classes
Typical Uses Weathering Class of
(Suggested) Exposure Aggregate
Architectural concrete, bridge Severe A
decks, other uses where surface Moderate B
disfigurement due to popouts, etc., is objectionable Negligible C
Concrete pavements, base courses, Severe B
sidewalks where a moderate number Moderate C
of popouts can be tolerated Negligible D
Concealed concrete flot exposed to the weather: footings,
structural members to be covered by a facing material,
interior floors, etc.
Table 2Limits for Deleterious Substances and Physical Property Requirements of Coarse Aggregate for Concrete
Maximum Allowable Percent
Sum of Clay
Lumps,
Chert Friable Particles, Material Finer Sodium
Clay Lumps (Less Than and Chert (Less Thau 75-p.m Sulfate
Class and Friable 2.40 sp gr Than (No. 200) Coal and Soundness
Designation Particles SSD) 2.40 sp gr SSDf Sieve Lignite Abrasion 0 (5 Cycles)’
A 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.0" 0.5 50 12
B 10 3.0 5.0 1.0" 0.5 50 12
C 5.0 5.0 7.0 1.0" 0.5 50 12
D 5.0 8.0 10.0 1.0" 0.5 50 12
E . 10.0 10" 1.0 50
These limitations apply only te aggregate in winch chert appears as an impurity. They are nut applicable to gravels that are predominantly chert. Limitations on
soundness of such aggregate must be based on service records in inc environnent in which they are used.
Crushed air-cooled, blast-fijmace slag is excluded front inc abrasion requirements. The unit mass (by rodding orjigging) of crushed air-cooled blast-furnace slag
shall be flot less thon 1120 kg/m’ (70 IbIft3). The grading of slag used in the unit mass test shaH conform tu inc grading tube used in tIse concrete. Abrasion loss
ofgravet, crushed gravel, or crushed stone shall be determined on inc test size or sizes most nearly corresponding tu inc grading or gradings tu be used in the
concrete. When usure than une gradin, is to be used, the luisit on abrasion loss shall apply tu each.
The allowable limits for soundness shall be 18 percent if magnesium sulfate is used. If the salI tube used is flot designated, the aggregate will be acceptable if il
meets the indicated hmit for either sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.
In the case of crushed aggregates, if inc material tImer inan the 75-i.sm (No. 200) sieve conssts cf the dust fraction, essentiatly free 0f clay or shale, Ibis
percentage maybe increased tu 1.5.
6.2. Coarse aggregate for use in concrete that will be subject to wetting, extended exposure to humid
atmosphere, or contact with moist ground shall not contain any materials that are deleteriously
reactive with the alkalies in the cement in an amount sufficient to cause excessive expansion of
mortar or concrete, except that if such materials are present in injurious amounts, the coarse
aggregate may be used with the addition of a material that has been shown to prevent harmful
expansion due to the alkali-aggregate reaction. Refer to the procedures described in PP 65 for
identifying potentially deleteriously reactive aggregates and selecting appropriate preventive
measures to minimize the risk of expansion when such aggregates are used in concrete.
6.3. Coarse aggregate having test results exceeding the limits specified in Table 2 may be accepted
provided that concrete made with similar aggregate from the same source has given satisfactory
service when exposed in a similar manner to that to be encountered, or, in the absence of
demonstrable service recordprovided that the aggregate produces concrete having satisfactory
relevant properties when tested in the laboratory.
Note 6Relevant properties are those properties of the concrete that are important to the
particular application being considered. ASTM Special Technical Publication 169D provides a
discussion of important concrete properties.
TS.1 M 80-3 AASHTO
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7. METHODS 0F SAMPLING AND TESTING
7.1. Sample and test the aggregates in accordance with the following methods of the American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officiais, except as otherwise provided in this
specification. Make the required tests on test samples that compiy with requirements of the
designated test methods. The same test sample may be used for sieve analysis and for
determination ofmateriai finer than the 75-.cm (No. 200) sieve. Separated sizes from the sieve
analysis may be used in preparation ofsampies for soundness or abrasion tests. For determination
of ail other tests and for evaluation of potential aikali reactivity where required, use independent
test samples.
7.1.1. SamplingT2;
7.1.2. GradingT 27;
7.1.3. Amount ofMaterial Finer than 75-jim (No. 200) SieveT 11;
7.1.4. SoundnessT 104;
7.1.5. Clay Lumps and Friable ParticlesT 112;
7.1 .6. Coal and LigniteT 113, using a liquid of 2.0 specific gravity to remove the particles of coal and
lignite; only material that is brownish-black, or black, shail be considered coal or lignite; coke
shall not be classed as coal or lignite;
7.1.7. Unit Mass ofSlagT 19M/T 19 using the procedure for unit mass by rodding orjigging; and
7.1.8. AbrasionT 96.
TS-lc M 80-4 AASHTO
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