‭Lesson 5A: Intro to the United Nations‬

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0
‭welcome uh students I mean ambassadors‬
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‭to lesson five an introduction to the‬
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‭United Nations but I know as an‬
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‭ambassador that you are very familiar‬
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‭with the corners of the United Nations‬
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‭with the United Nations security Council‬
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‭so this is really just a review‬
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‭Ambassador thank you‬
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‭so we're going to be learning about the‬
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‭different components of the United‬
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‭Nations but as a un Ambassador I know‬
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‭you are very familiar with all this‬
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‭you have been to the United Nations Rose‬
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‭Garden many times you have gazed out at‬
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‭the Hudson River you have been to the‬
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‭United Nations I'm sure‬
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‭and why is that you wrote a foreign‬
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‭service exam when you were young and now‬
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‭you are the ambassador to the United‬
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‭Nations back then maybe it was an exam‬
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‭that you wrote with a pencil and not‬
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‭with a computer maybe you're really old‬
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‭ ow anyway what is the title of your‬
n
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‭posting the correct answer here is‬
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‭ambassador you are no longer the coffee‬
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‭filter you are no longer the liaison‬
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‭officer you are no longer the depth you‬
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‭are the Ambassador‬
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‭welcome to the United Nations‬
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‭ambassadors here you can see the view of‬
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‭the Hudson River New York City in all‬
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‭its Splendor and all I'm going to show‬
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‭you but you've seen this all before the‬
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‭beautiful inside of the United Nations‬
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‭so when you wrote this exam the foreign‬
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‭service exam uh you were perhaps just a‬
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‭coffee fetcher but now you are the‬
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‭Ambassador‬
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‭this exam that you're doing today the‬
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‭new UN Secretary General Erica Simpson‬
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‭wrote this exam and I have succeeded for‬
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‭one day the current U.N Secretary‬
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‭General what is his name what is his‬
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‭name that I have succeeded him his name‬
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‭Antonio Gutierrez who wrote this exam me‬
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‭Erica Simpson and I am the UN Secretary‬
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‭ eneral for one day‬
G
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‭here I am at the United Nations at the‬
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‭front you can see me sitting there in my‬
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‭normal chair it's called a day at the‬
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‭United Nations‬
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‭and here I am presiding over for one day‬
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‭the Notions and debates at the United‬
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‭Nations‬
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‭okay I‬
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‭who is the real Secretary General it's‬
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‭Antonio Gutierrez there he is that's the‬
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‭right answer those are some of the other‬
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‭ones in the past‬
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‭there is my inauguration guards I'm‬
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‭thrilled they're right outside the‬
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‭United Nations they're being inaugurated‬
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‭there's the peacekeepers wearing their‬
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‭symbolic blue Berets the Army the Air‬
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‭Force in white the Navy in blue I'm very‬
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‭proud‬
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‭okay so I will rule for one day only who‬
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‭is the longest serving U.N Secretary‬
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‭General who's served the longest you‬
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‭tent he served for 10 years‬
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‭ is name is pronounced you tant the‬
h
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‭other ones are Dyke Hammer scold Xavier‬
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‭Perez de Cuellar Kurt Waldheim and‬
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‭trigly you tent‬
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‭who is the shortest serving U.N‬
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‭Secretary General while me I will only‬
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‭be there for one day and there you can‬
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‭see me standing in front of the very‬
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‭symbolic uh pistol that has been‬
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‭converted away from being a violent‬
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‭pistol‬
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‭Let's test your back I know you know all‬
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‭this but let's just go through it which‬
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‭five countries are in the permanent five‬
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‭the P5 which are the five so when you‬
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‭look through this eliminate the ones you‬
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‭know Canada is not in it you know that‬
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‭when the us as far as the wrong name‬
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‭going through it you eliminate in your‬
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‭mind‬
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‭and the right answer is e so that five P‬
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‭five countries are China France the‬
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‭United Kingdom the United States and‬
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‭Russia five‬
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I‭ put the flags there too‬
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‭how can you find a P5 Diplomat well they‬
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‭all have their embassies outside of the‬
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‭UN building where they consult and they‬
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‭uh they process information but you can‬
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‭also meet a P5 Diplomat in the corners‬
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‭of the United Nations‬
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‭here's the new stairs and often you'll‬
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‭see them standing there in front of the‬
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‭tiger they're just waiting for somebody‬
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‭to talk to them maybe they have‬
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‭something important to divulge‬
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‭you can see the corridors of the UN are‬
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‭pretty empty I'm always startled so if‬
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‭you do come towards somebody you can‬
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‭always stride over there and say hello‬
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‭I'm here from Canada and uh I'm just‬
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‭visiting the United Nations‬
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‭here's the cafeteria and there you can‬
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‭see the entire United States delegation‬
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‭one two three four five people all‬
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‭talking in the cafeteria surrounded by‬
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‭everyone else fascinating‬
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‭should you go up to diplomats and‬
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i‭ntroduce yourself as the Canadian no it‬
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‭might be a bit impolite to do that‬
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‭anyway let's just keep going so the‬
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‭United Nations has we learned this China‬
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‭the five P five countries‬
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‭and each of the P5 has a veto they can‬
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‭veto any substantive resolution or‬
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‭matter that comes before the council so‬
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‭the Russian Federation has recently‬
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‭viewed resolutions that uh under take it‬
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‭to task for its invasion of Ukraine they‬
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‭veto it because they're on the Russian‬
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‭Security Council and they can do that‬
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‭on the on the UN Security Council excuse‬
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‭me on the U.N security Council not the‬
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‭Russian Security Council so each of the‬
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‭P5 has a veto over any substantive‬
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‭matter and is that a problem well we‬
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‭could discuss that certainly from the‬
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‭perspective of many countries that are‬
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‭not on the security Council it's a huge‬
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‭problem‬
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‭there's also a rotating U.N security‬
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‭Council countries rotate in and out of‬
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i‭t and they're non-permanent members of‬
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‭the security Council they're elected‬
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‭by the UN assembly in accordance with an‬
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‭agreed upon geographical formula which‬
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‭countries can run and they're elected‬
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‭for two-year terms so there's 10 of them‬
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‭10 of them‬
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‭so the 10 non-permanent rotating‬
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‭Security Council Members and the P5 make‬
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‭15 so there's 15 on the UN Security‬
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‭Council these are some sculptures at the‬
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‭U.N there's some amazing sculptures‬
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‭there‬
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‭okay what languages do you need to work‬
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‭and understand at the United Nations the‬
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‭United Nations itself operates in six‬
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‭official languages this is very‬
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‭interesting all the resolutions are‬
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‭available there's simultaneous‬
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‭translation when you sit there on the‬
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‭third floor you can listen in six‬
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‭different languages simultaneously‬
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‭so the simultaneous translation as you‬
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‭can see is in six languages Arabic‬
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‭ hat's called Chinese Mandarin in‬
w
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‭counties but a form of it English French‬
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‭Spanish and Russian‬
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‭Russian as well‬
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‭okay so those are the languages that you‬
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‭can listen to everything in when you're‬
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‭at the United Nations‬
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‭so the languages that you need to work‬
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‭at the UN could be your language‬
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‭whatever language that it is and then‬
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‭the ability to understand one of those‬
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‭six languages I'm ending this part of‬
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‭the video or the lesson with a picture‬
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‭of the quiet room Indian nations which‬
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‭is a non-denominational room that is a‬
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‭quiet space for diplomats to contemplate‬
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‭peace and outside the quiet room there's‬
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‭a picture by a famous artist called‬
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‭Chagall it's a stained glass window and‬
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‭this is one of my favorite places in the‬
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‭world and you can see me posed in front‬
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‭of it I try to take a picture every time‬
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‭that I'm there‬
‭Lesson 5B: United Nation Ambassador | Primer to Learn about UN‬
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‭welcome ambassadors to lesson five if‬
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‭you are in my‬
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‭2141b class‬
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‭this lecture is the same as I teach in‬
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‭my 2141b‬
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‭that why am I doing this again this is a‬
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‭primer to learn about the United Nations‬
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‭so to save yourself time if you're‬
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‭taking both those classes this is a‬
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‭repeat as was the previous lecture but‬
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‭the fourth part of today's lecture is‬
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‭entirely new on how to join‬
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‭International organizations so that's‬
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‭for the global diplomacy class and if‬
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‭you're in my other class 2141b you've‬
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‭saved yourself some time because as an‬
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‭ambassador you already know all this‬
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‭information so let's charge ahead‬
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‭first of all we're going to ask about‬
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‭the heart of the UN what is the heart of‬
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‭the U.N I've put a picture here of the‬
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‭UN General Assembly and that's where all‬
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‭the states parties send their‬
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‭representatives this is the third floor‬
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‭balcony where the members of Civil‬
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‭Society have asked and enraged special‬
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‭permission to listen to the debates to‬
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‭listen as representatives vote to see‬
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‭politics in action so um‬
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‭the heart of the United Nations is B the‬
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‭general assembly the general assembly‬
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‭that's it right there‬
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‭okay where's the main Howard carers of‬
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‭the U.N now it's now in New York City it‬
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‭was established in 1945 and then it was‬
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‭moved from London England to uh to to‬
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‭New York City‬
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‭so here you can see the New York City‬
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‭cabs that are everywhere the diplomats‬
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‭tend not to park they tend to take the‬
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‭cabs and go everywhere and this is a‬
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‭shot from the United Nations toward New‬
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‭York City skyline the correct answer was‬
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‭it was established in San Francisco in‬
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‭1945 and then the headquarters was moved‬
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‭to New York City from London‬
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‭this is a picture of the gates to go‬
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‭into the United Nations and tourists go‬
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‭in through these Gates as well you can‬
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‭see all the flags representing all 193‬
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‭countries at the United Nations‬
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‭and that's the building itself which is‬
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‭actually very small compared to the‬
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‭other buildings in New York City‬
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‭especially compared to the Trump Towers‬
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‭you can see it's actually an old‬
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‭building and inside it has had to be‬
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‭renovated it's it's quite‬
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‭um‬
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‭still quite old‬
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‭what is collective security this is a‬
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‭system of international order in which‬
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‭all states will respect each other's‬
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‭recognized territorial boundaries this‬
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‭is kind of ironic to be talking about‬
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‭this vis-a-vis Russia and the Ukraine‬
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‭and so on but essentially a collective‬
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‭security system is very different from a‬
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‭collective defense system so in other‬
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‭words an attack on one will be‬
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‭considered an attack on all and dealt‬
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‭with accordingly‬
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‭this differs from a collective defense‬
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‭system which is a traditional Alliance‬
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‭like NATO‬
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‭aimed at potential aggressors outside‬
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‭the membership of the system like Russia‬
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‭so the correct answer here and I very‬
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‭seldom do this many fill in the blanks I‬
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‭very seldom would do this‬
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‭the correct answer is an attack on one‬
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‭will be considered an attack on all‬
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‭and um will be considered attacked and‬
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‭dealt with according to this differs‬
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‭from a collective defense system‬
‭3:58‬
‭so collective security is different from‬
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‭Collective defense‬
‭4:03‬
‭this is interesting because you can see‬
‭4:05‬
‭the speaker and then you can see at the‬
‭4:07‬
‭UN the speaker close up‬
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‭what are some issues affecting the UN‬
‭4:13‬
‭today I want to talk first about the UN‬
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‭budget the regular budget which is not‬
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‭including peacekeeping is uh what is it‬
‭4:23‬
‭what is the regular budget here's Jim‬
‭4:26‬
‭first looking happy‬
‭4:28‬
‭and here's Jim Bruce looking sad because‬
‭4:30‬
‭the budget is so small it's 1.2 billion‬
‭4:34‬
‭I mean when we think that the United‬
‭4:35‬
‭States spends‬
‭4:37‬
‭768 billion a year on armaments this‬
‭4:41‬
‭this amount of money is very small‬
‭4:43‬
‭counted as defense budget in its‬
‭4:45‬
‭entirety is 18.5 billion so 1.2 billion‬
‭4:49‬
‭regular budget means that the United‬
‭4:51‬
‭Nations does not actually have enough‬
‭4:53‬
‭money to pay for many things‬
‭4:58‬
‭for example I heard that they have to‬
‭5:00‬
‭keep the lights off in the UN building‬
‭5:02‬
‭they have to reduce the lights and the‬
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‭electricity on the weekend when no one‬
‭5:08‬
‭is there here's a bunch of journalists‬
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‭they tend to show up when a resolution‬
‭5:13‬
‭is finally passed because they want to‬
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‭interview the diplomats who usually‬
‭5:17‬
‭stride past them and don't talk to the‬
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‭journalists that's one opportunity for‬
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‭your professor to get on Al Jazeera and‬
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‭to get into all sorts of Newsweek and‬
‭5:28‬
‭all sorts of newspapers because I stand‬
‭5:29‬
‭there and as an academic I'm quite happy‬
‭5:31‬
‭to talk to the journalists on radio I've‬
‭5:34‬
‭talked to Iranian radio and so on‬
‭5:37‬
‭so this leads me to talk about the‬
‭5:40‬
‭problem the main problem here is that‬
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‭many UN member states have not paid‬
‭5:44‬
‭their dues their assessments their bills‬
‭5:47‬
‭all these answers are correct‬
‭5:50‬
‭all these answers are correct countries‬
‭5:53‬
‭are just not paying up as much as they‬
‭5:55‬
‭should but I I want to Nuance that in a‬
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‭moment by showing you the regular‬
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‭contributors and the honors rule but for‬
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‭a moment here here let's talk about‬
‭6:05‬
‭issues affecting the U.N‬
‭6:08‬
‭issues affecting the UN today so the‬
‭6:11‬
‭main issue is lack of money and lack of‬
‭6:14‬
‭funding‬
‭6:16‬
‭and as well it depends on each country‬
‭6:20‬
‭so every you are all ambassadors let's‬
‭6:24‬
‭say and you get to decide on how to‬
‭6:27‬
‭write a U.N resolution I'll talk in a‬
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‭few minutes about how to do that in part‬
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‭four you write the resolutions yes‬
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‭so what's the correct answer here‬
‭6:40‬
‭the correct answer is all of these ones‬
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‭and that's a little bit of advice if‬
‭6:45‬
‭there's anything that's opinionated then‬
‭6:47‬
‭I can't ask you an opinionated question‬
‭6:49‬
‭because there's no right or wrong answer‬
‭6:54‬
‭what about the scales affecting the‬
‭6:56‬
‭United Nations today what about the‬
‭6:58‬
‭scales‬
‭7:00‬
‭United Nations has Article 19 where if a‬
‭7:03‬
‭country is in arrears and has not paid‬
‭7:06‬
‭up‬
‭7:07‬
‭for certain rules then it can lose its‬
‭7:09‬
‭vote and there's some complicated rules‬
‭7:12‬
‭I suggest that if you really want to‬
‭7:14‬
‭know all this stuff you look at the the‬
‭7:16‬
‭general assembly handbook and I put the‬
‭7:18‬
‭link there it talks about a lots and‬
‭7:21‬
‭lots of rules including the silence‬
‭7:22‬
‭procedure what is the silence procedure‬
‭7:25‬
‭what is it‬
‭7:28‬
‭it's at the end of negotiations‬
‭7:30‬
‭delegates may need to get final approval‬
‭7:33‬
‭from their government so the draft‬
‭7:35‬
‭resolution is declared to be in silence‬
‭7:37‬
‭procedure‬
‭7:40‬
‭could you listen to this res this‬
‭7:42‬
‭lecture now because you might know that‬
‭7:44‬
‭answer‬
‭7:47‬
‭so I'm suggesting as an engage more‬
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‭reading that you look at the general‬
‭7:51‬
‭assembly handbook that's an extra‬
‭7:53‬
‭reading however and I'm not saying that‬
‭7:55‬
‭you have to look at that I'm just saying‬
‭7:56‬
‭it's an extra reading you'll remember‬
‭7:58‬
‭from listening to this slide what the‬
‭8:00‬
‭correct answer is to this particularly‬
‭8:02‬
‭difficult question‬
‭8:06‬
‭can you vote at the United Nations today‬
‭8:08‬
‭I put this up because there are some‬
‭8:11‬
‭countries that can't vote what country‬
‭8:14‬
‭that cannot vote today is identified on‬
‭8:16‬
‭this map‬
‭8:18‬
‭this is a big hint‬
‭8:21‬
‭it is kimoros so comoros has not paid up‬
‭8:24‬
‭its due‬
‭8:26‬
‭I have been known to put this picture up‬
‭8:29‬
‭in a multiple choice exam and ask which‬
‭8:32‬
‭country cannot vote at the United‬
‭8:35‬
‭Nations today and obviously you can't‬
‭8:37‬
‭see kimuros as the representative she's‬
‭8:39‬
‭representing kimura's she can't vote‬
‭8:44‬
‭does Canada pay its dues yes Canada‬
‭8:47‬
‭always pays its regular budget‬
‭8:49‬
‭assessment in full within the 30-day due‬
‭8:52‬
‭period uh every year on January in early‬
‭8:56‬
‭January Canada pays its net assessment‬
‭8:59‬
‭in U.S dollars So what amount that‬
‭9:03‬
‭Canada pay‬
‭9:05‬
‭um in 2019 approximately 100 million‬
‭9:09‬
‭Canadian dollars and there's the exact‬
‭9:11‬
‭figure there uh in in American dollars‬
‭9:14‬
‭okay‬
‭9:16‬
‭for the up-to-date contributions you can‬
‭9:18‬
‭always in future years go to The un's‬
‭9:21‬
‭Honorable page and look and see if your‬
‭9:24‬
‭favorite country has paid its dues‬
‭9:27‬
‭convert the money from the currency into‬
‭9:29‬
‭US dollars or into your own currency‬
‭9:33‬
‭I don't want to focus too much on Canada‬
‭9:36‬
‭but I I am drawing to your attention the‬
‭9:39‬
‭fact that Canada has paid its um its‬
‭9:42‬
‭assessment and then look at tuvalo‬
‭9:45‬
‭tuvalo only pays twenty seven thousand‬
‭9:48‬
‭dollars‬
‭9:49‬
‭look at‬
‭9:50‬
‭um Switzerland‬
‭9:51‬
‭Cuba they're paying‬
‭9:54‬
‭Canada has quite a large assessment‬
‭9:58‬
‭Canada also pays up on time and Canada‬
‭10:02‬
‭sends delegates to the United Nations‬
‭10:07‬
‭let's talk for a moment about the number‬
‭10:09‬
‭of member states that paid in full by‬
‭10:11‬
‭the end of 2021 they were late but they‬
‭10:15‬
‭paid up up so here's a classic question‬
‭10:18‬
‭that I might ask because it's got‬
‭10:19‬
‭numbers in it‬
‭10:21‬
‭what number paid in full by the end of‬
‭10:23‬
‭2021‬
‭10:25‬
‭and the answer is on the un's honor roll‬
‭10:27‬
‭page so you can see that the answer is a‬
‭10:31‬
‭a 153 countries paid up I'm going to try‬
‭10:36‬
‭and use my pen again‬
‭10:38‬
‭I'm nervous about it because it tends to‬
‭10:40‬
‭make the slide go forward so you can see‬
‭10:43‬
‭at the end of 2021 153 countries had‬
‭10:48‬
‭paid up in full‬
‭10:52‬
‭how many member states are in the U.N‬
‭10:54‬
‭today here we need to go to a special‬
‭10:58‬
‭page the membership of principal un‬
‭11:00‬
‭organs in 2019.‬
‭11:05‬
‭so I put I've been known to put this‬
‭11:08‬
‭huge list on a multiple choice exam and‬
‭11:11‬
‭ask how many member states well you can‬
‭11:13‬
‭count them all if you have time during‬
‭11:15‬
‭the exam but it's a lot easier to just‬
‭11:18‬
‭remember the number 193 as of today‬
‭11:21‬
‭note that Palestine is not on this list‬
‭11:24‬
‭Palestine is not an official state‬
‭11:35‬
‭you can read that quicker than I can‬
‭11:36‬
‭speak‬
‭11:37‬
‭the United States has not paid its‬
‭11:39‬
‭contributions it still owes money from a‬
‭11:43‬
‭long period of Time 2014 to 2021.‬
‭11:47‬
‭they're assessed the biggest amount‬
‭11:52‬
‭so they owe more than two billion‬
‭11:54‬
‭dollars according to the UN budget‬
‭11:56‬
‭office‬
‭11:58‬
‭what was the entire budget for U.N‬
‭12:00‬
‭peacekeeping operations from 2017 to‬
‭12:03‬
‭2018 when President Trump was president‬
‭12:07‬
‭take a guess what do you think it was‬
‭12:11‬
‭that's pretty easy to guess‬
‭12:18‬
‭I put some pictures here of President‬
‭12:21‬
‭um Obama‬
‭12:23‬
‭and also some links to their speeches‬
‭12:26‬
‭President Obama when he delivered his‬
‭12:28‬
‭last speech to the U.N‬
‭12:30‬
‭the United States had not paid up as‬
‭12:32‬
‭dues similarly you can hear the speech‬
‭12:35‬
‭of the U.S president Trump‬
‭12:39‬
‭um making a very explosive speech at‬
‭12:42‬
‭that time and the United States hadn't‬
‭12:43‬
‭paid up its dues‬
‭12:46‬
‭so the question is will the United‬
‭12:48‬
‭States pay its dues under President Joe‬
‭12:50‬
‭Biden I‬
‭12:52‬
‭um wanted you to look at this speech‬
‭12:54‬
‭it's a very long speech‬
‭12:56‬
‭it's very awkward and nebulous and it's‬
‭13:00‬
‭clear to me from the speech that they do‬
‭13:02‬
‭not intend to pay their dues that's my‬
‭13:06‬
‭impression‬
‭13:10‬
‭so the question here is is it likely‬
‭13:12‬
‭from the speech I don't know maybe not‬
‭13:16‬
‭likely it's not certain‬
‭13:19‬
‭okay so will the U.S cut its Jews nobody‬
‭13:22‬
‭knows nobody knows the answer and so‬
‭13:24‬
‭therefore I can't ask you a question‬
‭13:27‬
‭where the answers are all correct I have‬
‭13:30‬
‭to ask you questions that‬
‭13:33‬
‭um can be posed that are a facts‬
‭13:38‬
‭this leads me to talk a little bit more‬
‭13:40‬
‭about the quiz midterm and final exams‬
‭13:43‬
‭they are not open book or what we call‬
‭13:46‬
‭open computer you are not allowed to‬
‭13:49‬
‭open your PowerPoint slides or your text‬
‭13:51‬
‭you're supposed to take the tests‬
‭13:53‬
‭without consulting other students‬
‭13:56‬
‭I can see how much time it takes you to‬
‭13:58‬
‭write the exam and I I can see‬
‭14:03‬
‭um if you're taking a very short time‬
‭14:06‬
‭we can and I don't deal with those‬
‭14:08‬
‭charges those are dealt with at the the‬
‭14:11‬
‭level of the Dean's office for your‬
‭14:13‬
‭faculty‬
‭14:14‬
‭and that is your problem‬
‭14:21‬
‭okay so is the United States‬
‭14:23‬
‭unrepresentative‬
‭14:26‬
‭one could easily argue that the United‬
‭14:28‬
‭Nations security Council which is‬
‭14:30‬
‭pictured here reflects the old‬
‭14:32‬
‭distribution of power from after World‬
‭14:34‬
‭War II it excludes emerging emergent‬
‭14:39‬
‭countries like what what countries are‬
‭14:43‬
‭emerging in that list well you know‬
‭14:45‬
‭which countries are in the U.N security‬
‭14:46‬
‭Council so which one is not Germany‬
‭14:50‬
‭the United Nations I could write India‬
‭14:54‬
‭or Pakistan Nigeria South Africa instead‬
‭14:58‬
‭of Germany here on the exam because what‬
‭15:01‬
‭I'm just looking for is that you know‬
‭15:02‬
‭which are the P5 countries‬
‭15:06‬
‭there's the U.N security Council‬
‭15:10‬
‭Nigeria could be a p8 country it doesn't‬
‭15:13‬
‭have to be P6 it could be P10 or P11 you‬
‭15:17‬
‭could write a resolution to that effect‬
‭15:21‬
‭some countries wish to avoid a stronger‬
‭15:25‬
‭U.N they're concerned that it could‬
‭15:27‬
‭become an overarching authority a world‬
‭15:29‬
‭government and it could be used to‬
‭15:32‬
‭dominate or intimidate others‬
‭15:35‬
‭in your opinion should the United States‬
‭15:37‬
‭continue to be expected to finance such‬
‭15:40‬
‭a large proportion roughly 22 to 28 or‬
‭15:45‬
‭at least one quarter of the un's‬
‭15:47‬
‭peacekeeping budget well if you're‬
‭15:49‬
‭acting on behalf of your country as an‬
‭15:51‬
‭ambassador then you would need to‬
‭15:53‬
‭consult‬
‭15:54‬
‭and you would need to go back to your‬
‭15:56‬
‭Capital so what's the correct answer‬
‭15:58‬
‭here‬
‭16:00‬
‭all the answers are correct note that‬
‭16:03‬
‭the answers that are based on opinion‬
‭16:05‬
‭cannot be posed fairly I cannot pose‬
‭16:08‬
‭those sorts of questions on the midterm‬
‭16:09‬
‭some of you would like to have someone‬
‭16:13‬
‭wrote me today I don't think they‬
‭16:14‬
‭realize there's a thousand students in‬
‭16:16‬
‭the class they want to have debates on‬
‭16:18‬
‭Zoom I I can't this is an asynchronous‬
‭16:20‬
‭class I can't pose answers based on‬
‭16:24‬
‭questions based on your opinion now‬
‭16:27‬
‭we're at 22 questions so far there are‬
‭16:29‬
‭80 questions on the midterm so take a‬
‭16:32‬
‭big breath and recognize that you will‬
‭16:34‬
‭not have time to use control F‬
‭16:37‬
‭and if you use Ctrl F to search for‬
‭16:40‬
‭answers that is cheating and that will‬
‭16:43‬
‭be on your conscience believe me you'll‬
‭16:45‬
‭wake up in your 40s when you're paying‬
‭16:48‬
‭your mortgage and go I wish I had never‬
‭16:49‬
‭cheated on that second year class and‬
‭16:52‬
‭it's on my conscience and you won't be‬
‭16:54‬
‭able to sleep so it's not worth it this‬
‭16:55‬
‭is just a a small course and if you want‬
‭16:59‬
‭to cheat well when you get to the United‬
‭17:01‬
‭Nations as a representative maybe I‬
‭17:04‬
‭don't know I would feel very embarrassed‬
‭17:06‬
‭to know I cheated‬
‭17:08‬
‭let me return to the more important‬
‭17:10‬
‭Point here which is the UN General‬
‭17:12‬
‭assembly's Preamble The Preamble the‬
‭17:15‬
‭first sentence why was the United‬
‭17:17‬
‭Nations constructed what was what was‬
‭17:20‬
‭their goal you would be reading this but‬
‭17:23‬
‭you heard my lecture‬
‭17:24‬
‭though you remember it's to save‬
‭17:26‬
‭succeeding Generations that you that's‬
‭17:29‬
‭you guys from the scourge of war and‬
‭17:32‬
‭that is what it is meant to do and I‬
‭17:35‬
‭want to end‬
‭17:36‬
‭with a picture of these two students‬
‭17:39‬
‭whom I've seen for years they're no‬
‭17:41‬
‭longer students but they report to a‬
‭17:44‬
‭newsletter which all the diplomats read‬
‭17:47‬
‭because they know that Ray Atchison‬
‭17:50‬
‭there with the red hair is capable of‬
‭17:54‬
‭understanding what's happening at the UN‬
‭17:55‬
‭and interpreting it and putting it into‬
‭17:57‬
‭a newsletter and everyone reads that‬
‭18:00‬
‭newsletter it's called reaching critical‬
‭18:02‬
‭will it's put forward by voice of women‬
‭18:04‬
‭she's famous she's a Canadian and she‬
‭18:07‬
‭did her University ba degree at euron‬
‭18:09‬
‭University College so let's be proud of‬
‭18:12‬
‭this Canadian who has helped so many‬
‭18:15‬
‭diplomats and also future Generations‬
‭18:18‬
‭that support and are interested in the‬
‭18:21‬
‭United Nations‬
‭Lesson 5C: How does UN & Global Governance Work‬

‭ :00‬
0
‭welcome ambassadors to lesson five if‬
‭0:03‬
‭you are in my‬
‭0:04‬
‭2141b class‬
‭0:06‬
‭this lecture is the same as I teach in‬
‭ :10‬
0
‭my 2141b‬
‭0:12‬
‭that why am I doing this again this is a‬
‭0:15‬
‭primer to learn about the United Nations‬
‭0:16‬
‭so to save yourself time if you're‬
‭0:19‬
‭taking both those classes this is a‬
‭0:22‬
‭repeat as was the previous lecture but‬
‭0:25‬
‭the fourth part of today's lecture is‬
‭0:28‬
‭entirely new on how to join‬
‭0:30‬
‭International organizations so that's‬
‭0:32‬
‭for the global diplomacy class and if‬
‭0:35‬
‭you're in my other class 2141b you've‬
‭0:38‬
‭saved yourself some time because as an‬
‭0:40‬
‭ambassador you already know all this‬
‭0:42‬
‭information so let's charge ahead‬
‭0:46‬
‭first of all we're going to ask about‬
‭0:48‬
‭the heart of the UN what is the heart of‬
‭0:51‬
‭the U.N I've put a picture here of the‬
‭0:53‬
‭UN General Assembly and that's where all‬
‭0:56‬
‭the states parties send their‬
‭0:58‬
‭representatives this is the third floor‬
‭1:00‬
‭balcony where the members of Civil‬
‭1:03‬
‭Society have asked and enraged special‬
‭1:06‬
‭permission to listen to the debates to‬
‭1:09‬
‭listen as representatives vote to see‬
‭ :13‬
1
‭politics in action so um‬
‭1:17‬
‭the heart of the United Nations is B the‬
‭1:20‬
‭general assembly the general assembly‬
‭1:24‬
‭that's it right there‬
‭1:27‬
‭okay where's the main Howard carers of‬
‭1:29‬
‭the U.N now it's now in New York City it‬
‭1:33‬
‭was established in 1945 and then it was‬
‭1:37‬
‭moved from London England to uh to to‬
‭1:41‬
‭New York City‬
‭1:46‬
‭so here you can see the New York City‬
‭1:48‬
‭cabs that are everywhere the diplomats‬
‭1:51‬
‭tend not to park they tend to take the‬
‭1:54‬
‭cabs and go everywhere and this is a‬
‭1:57‬
‭shot from the United Nations toward New‬
‭2:00‬
‭York City skyline the correct answer was‬
‭2:03‬
‭it was established in San Francisco in‬
‭2:05‬
‭1945 and then the headquarters was moved‬
‭2:08‬
‭to New York City from London‬
‭2:15‬
‭this is a picture of the gates to go‬
‭2:18‬
‭into the United Nations and tourists go‬
‭2:21‬
‭in through these Gates as well you can‬
‭2:23‬
‭see all the flags representing all 193‬
‭2:27‬
‭countries at the United Nations‬
‭2:30‬
‭and that's the building itself which is‬
‭ :33‬
2
‭actually very small compared to the‬
‭2:35‬
‭other buildings in New York City‬
‭2:37‬
‭especially compared to the Trump Towers‬
‭2:40‬
‭you can see it's actually an old‬
‭2:42‬
‭building and inside it has had to be‬
‭2:45‬
‭renovated it's it's quite‬
‭2:48‬
‭um‬
‭2:48‬
‭still quite old‬
‭2:52‬
‭what is collective security this is a‬
‭2:54‬
‭system of international order in which‬
‭2:56‬
‭all states will respect each other's‬
‭2:59‬
‭recognized territorial boundaries this‬
‭3:03‬
‭is kind of ironic to be talking about‬
‭3:04‬
‭this vis-a-vis Russia and the Ukraine‬
‭3:07‬
‭and so on but essentially a collective‬
‭3:11‬
‭security system is very different from a‬
‭3:15‬
‭collective defense system so in other‬
‭3:18‬
‭words an attack on one will be‬
‭3:20‬
‭considered an attack on all and dealt‬
‭3:22‬
‭with accordingly‬
‭3:23‬
‭this differs from a collective defense‬
‭3:26‬
‭system which is a traditional Alliance‬
‭3:29‬
‭like NATO‬
‭3:30‬
‭aimed at potential aggressors outside‬
‭ :33‬
3
‭the membership of the system like Russia‬
‭3:36‬
‭so the correct answer here and I very‬
‭3:39‬
‭seldom do this many fill in the blanks I‬
‭3:43‬
‭very seldom would do this‬
‭3:46‬
‭the correct answer is an attack on one‬
‭3:49‬
‭will be considered an attack on all‬
‭3:52‬
‭and um will be considered attacked and‬
‭3:54‬
‭dealt with according to this differs‬
‭3:56‬
‭from a collective defense system‬
‭3:58‬
‭so collective security is different from‬
‭4:00‬
‭Collective defense‬
‭4:03‬
‭this is interesting because you can see‬
‭4:05‬
‭the speaker and then you can see at the‬
‭4:07‬
‭UN the speaker close up‬
‭4:11‬
‭what are some issues affecting the UN‬
‭4:13‬
‭today I want to talk first about the UN‬
‭4:16‬
‭budget the regular budget which is not‬
‭4:20‬
‭including peacekeeping is uh what is it‬
‭4:23‬
‭what is the regular budget here's Jim‬
‭4:26‬
‭first looking happy‬
‭4:28‬
‭and here's Jim Bruce looking sad because‬
‭4:30‬
‭the budget is so small it's 1.2 billion‬
‭4:34‬
‭I mean when we think that the United‬
‭4:35‬
‭States spends‬
‭ :37‬
4
‭768 billion a year on armaments this‬
‭4:41‬
‭this amount of money is very small‬
‭4:43‬
‭counted as defense budget in its‬
‭4:45‬
‭entirety is 18.5 billion so 1.2 billion‬
‭4:49‬
‭regular budget means that the United‬
‭4:51‬
‭Nations does not actually have enough‬
‭4:53‬
‭money to pay for many things‬
‭4:58‬
‭for example I heard that they have to‬
‭5:00‬
‭keep the lights off in the UN building‬
‭5:02‬
‭they have to reduce the lights and the‬
‭5:06‬
‭electricity on the weekend when no one‬
‭5:08‬
‭is there here's a bunch of journalists‬
‭5:11‬
‭they tend to show up when a resolution‬
‭5:13‬
‭is finally passed because they want to‬
‭5:16‬
‭interview the diplomats who usually‬
‭5:17‬
‭stride past them and don't talk to the‬
‭5:20‬
‭journalists that's one opportunity for‬
‭5:22‬
‭your professor to get on Al Jazeera and‬
‭5:25‬
‭to get into all sorts of Newsweek and‬
‭5:28‬
‭all sorts of newspapers because I stand‬
‭5:29‬
‭there and as an academic I'm quite happy‬
‭5:31‬
‭to talk to the journalists on radio I've‬
‭5:34‬
‭talked to Iranian radio and so on‬
‭5:37‬
‭so this leads me to talk about the‬
‭ :40‬
5
‭problem the main problem here is that‬
‭5:42‬
‭many UN member states have not paid‬
‭5:44‬
‭their dues their assessments their bills‬
‭5:47‬
‭all these answers are correct‬
‭5:50‬
‭all these answers are correct countries‬
‭5:53‬
‭are just not paying up as much as they‬
‭5:55‬
‭should but I I want to Nuance that in a‬
‭5:59‬
‭moment by showing you the regular‬
‭6:01‬
‭contributors and the honors rule but for‬
‭6:04‬
‭a moment here here let's talk about‬
‭6:05‬
‭issues affecting the U.N‬
‭6:08‬
‭issues affecting the UN today so the‬
‭6:11‬
‭main issue is lack of money and lack of‬
‭6:14‬
‭funding‬
‭6:16‬
‭and as well it depends on each country‬
‭6:20‬
‭so every you are all ambassadors let's‬
‭6:24‬
‭say and you get to decide on how to‬
‭6:27‬
‭write a U.N resolution I'll talk in a‬
‭6:30‬
‭few minutes about how to do that in part‬
‭6:33‬
‭four you write the resolutions yes‬
‭6:37‬
‭so what's the correct answer here‬
‭6:40‬
‭the correct answer is all of these ones‬
‭6:42‬
‭and that's a little bit of advice if‬
‭6:45‬
‭there's anything that's opinionated then‬
‭ :47‬
6
‭I can't ask you an opinionated question‬
‭6:49‬
‭because there's no right or wrong answer‬
‭6:54‬
‭what about the scales affecting the‬
‭6:56‬
‭United Nations today what about the‬
‭6:58‬
‭scales‬
‭7:00‬
‭United Nations has Article 19 where if a‬
‭7:03‬
‭country is in arrears and has not paid‬
‭7:06‬
‭up‬
‭7:07‬
‭for certain rules then it can lose its‬
‭7:09‬
‭vote and there's some complicated rules‬
‭7:12‬
‭I suggest that if you really want to‬
‭7:14‬
‭know all this stuff you look at the the‬
‭7:16‬
‭general assembly handbook and I put the‬
‭7:18‬
‭link there it talks about a lots and‬
‭7:21‬
‭lots of rules including the silence‬
‭7:22‬
‭procedure what is the silence procedure‬
‭7:25‬
‭what is it‬
‭7:28‬
‭it's at the end of negotiations‬
‭7:30‬
‭delegates may need to get final approval‬
‭7:33‬
‭from their government so the draft‬
‭7:35‬
‭resolution is declared to be in silence‬
‭7:37‬
‭procedure‬
‭7:40‬
‭could you listen to this res this‬
‭7:42‬
‭lecture now because you might know that‬
‭ :44‬
7
‭answer‬
‭7:47‬
‭so I'm suggesting as an engage more‬
‭7:49‬
‭reading that you look at the general‬
‭7:51‬
‭assembly handbook that's an extra‬
‭7:53‬
‭reading however and I'm not saying that‬
‭7:55‬
‭you have to look at that I'm just saying‬
‭7:56‬
‭it's an extra reading you'll remember‬
‭7:58‬
‭from listening to this slide what the‬
‭8:00‬
‭correct answer is to this particularly‬
‭8:02‬
‭difficult question‬
‭8:06‬
‭can you vote at the United Nations today‬
‭8:08‬
‭I put this up because there are some‬
‭8:11‬
‭countries that can't vote what country‬
‭8:14‬
‭that cannot vote today is identified on‬
‭8:16‬
‭this map‬
‭8:18‬
‭this is a big hint‬
‭8:21‬
‭it is kimoros so comoros has not paid up‬
‭8:24‬
‭its due‬
‭8:26‬
‭I have been known to put this picture up‬
‭8:29‬
‭in a multiple choice exam and ask which‬
‭8:32‬
‭country cannot vote at the United‬
‭8:35‬
‭Nations today and obviously you can't‬
‭8:37‬
‭see kimuros as the representative she's‬
‭8:39‬
‭representing kimura's she can't vote‬
‭ :44‬
8
‭does Canada pay its dues yes Canada‬
‭8:47‬
‭always pays its regular budget‬
‭8:49‬
‭assessment in full within the 30-day due‬
‭8:52‬
‭period uh every year on January in early‬
‭8:56‬
‭January Canada pays its net assessment‬
‭8:59‬
‭in U.S dollars So what amount that‬
‭9:03‬
‭Canada pay‬
‭9:05‬
‭um in 2019 approximately 100 million‬
‭9:09‬
‭Canadian dollars and there's the exact‬
‭9:11‬
‭figure there uh in in American dollars‬
‭9:14‬
‭okay‬
‭9:16‬
‭for the up-to-date contributions you can‬
‭9:18‬
‭always in future years go to The un's‬
‭9:21‬
‭Honorable page and look and see if your‬
‭9:24‬
‭favorite country has paid its dues‬
‭9:27‬
‭convert the money from the currency into‬
‭9:29‬
‭US dollars or into your own currency‬
‭9:33‬
‭I don't want to focus too much on Canada‬
‭9:36‬
‭but I I am drawing to your attention the‬
‭9:39‬
‭fact that Canada has paid its um its‬
‭9:42‬
‭assessment and then look at tuvalo‬
‭9:45‬
‭tuvalo only pays twenty seven thousand‬
‭9:48‬
‭dollars‬
‭9:49‬
‭look at‬
‭ :50‬
9
‭um Switzerland‬
‭9:51‬
‭Cuba they're paying‬
‭9:54‬
‭Canada has quite a large assessment‬
‭9:58‬
‭Canada also pays up on time and Canada‬
‭10:02‬
‭sends delegates to the United Nations‬
‭10:07‬
‭let's talk for a moment about the number‬
‭10:09‬
‭of member states that paid in full by‬
‭10:11‬
‭the end of 2021 they were late but they‬
‭10:15‬
‭paid up up so here's a classic question‬
‭10:18‬
‭that I might ask because it's got‬
‭10:19‬
‭numbers in it‬
‭10:21‬
‭what number paid in full by the end of‬
‭10:23‬
‭2021‬
‭10:25‬
‭and the answer is on the un's honor roll‬
‭10:27‬
‭page so you can see that the answer is a‬
‭10:31‬
‭a 153 countries paid up I'm going to try‬
‭10:36‬
‭and use my pen again‬
‭10:38‬
‭I'm nervous about it because it tends to‬
‭10:40‬
‭make the slide go forward so you can see‬
‭10:43‬
‭at the end of 2021 153 countries had‬
‭10:48‬
‭paid up in full‬
‭10:52‬
‭how many member states are in the U.N‬
‭10:54‬
‭today here we need to go to a special‬
‭10:58‬
‭page the membership of principal un‬
‭ 1:00‬
1
‭organs in 2019.‬
‭11:05‬
‭so I put I've been known to put this‬
‭11:08‬
‭huge list on a multiple choice exam and‬
‭11:11‬
‭ask how many member states well you can‬
‭11:13‬
‭count them all if you have time during‬
‭11:15‬
‭the exam but it's a lot easier to just‬
‭11:18‬
‭remember the number 193 as of today‬
‭11:21‬
‭note that Palestine is not on this list‬
‭11:24‬
‭Palestine is not an official state‬
‭11:35‬
‭you can read that quicker than I can‬
‭11:36‬
‭speak‬
‭11:37‬
‭the United States has not paid its‬
‭11:39‬
‭contributions it still owes money from a‬
‭11:43‬
‭long period of Time 2014 to 2021.‬
‭11:47‬
‭they're assessed the biggest amount‬
‭11:52‬
‭so they owe more than two billion‬
‭11:54‬
‭dollars according to the UN budget‬
‭11:56‬
‭office‬
‭11:58‬
‭what was the entire budget for U.N‬
‭12:00‬
‭peacekeeping operations from 2017 to‬
‭12:03‬
‭2018 when President Trump was president‬
‭12:07‬
‭take a guess what do you think it was‬
‭12:11‬
‭that's pretty easy to guess‬
‭12:18‬
‭I put some pictures here of President‬
‭ 2:21‬
1
‭um Obama‬
‭12:23‬
‭and also some links to their speeches‬
‭12:26‬
‭President Obama when he delivered his‬
‭12:28‬
‭last speech to the U.N‬
‭12:30‬
‭the United States had not paid up as‬
‭12:32‬
‭dues similarly you can hear the speech‬
‭12:35‬
‭of the U.S president Trump‬
‭12:39‬
‭um making a very explosive speech at‬
‭12:42‬
‭that time and the United States hadn't‬
‭12:43‬
‭paid up its dues‬
‭12:46‬
‭so the question is will the United‬
‭12:48‬
‭States pay its dues under President Joe‬
‭12:50‬
‭Biden I‬
‭12:52‬
‭um wanted you to look at this speech‬
‭12:54‬
‭it's a very long speech‬
‭12:56‬
‭it's very awkward and nebulous and it's‬
‭13:00‬
‭clear to me from the speech that they do‬
‭13:02‬
‭not intend to pay their dues that's my‬
‭13:06‬
‭impression‬
‭13:10‬
‭so the question here is is it likely‬
‭13:12‬
‭from the speech I don't know maybe not‬
‭13:16‬
‭likely it's not certain‬
‭13:19‬
‭okay so will the U.S cut its Jews nobody‬
‭13:22‬
‭knows nobody knows the answer and so‬
‭ 3:24‬
1
‭therefore I can't ask you a question‬
‭13:27‬
‭where the answers are all correct I have‬
‭13:30‬
‭to ask you questions that‬
‭13:33‬
‭um can be posed that are a facts‬
‭13:38‬
‭this leads me to talk a little bit more‬
‭13:40‬
‭about the quiz midterm and final exams‬
‭13:43‬
‭they are not open book or what we call‬
‭13:46‬
‭open computer you are not allowed to‬
‭13:49‬
‭open your PowerPoint slides or your text‬
‭13:51‬
‭you're supposed to take the tests‬
‭13:53‬
‭without consulting other students‬
‭13:56‬
‭I can see how much time it takes you to‬
‭13:58‬
‭write the exam and I I can see‬
‭14:03‬
‭um if you're taking a very short time‬
‭14:06‬
‭we can and I don't deal with those‬
‭14:08‬
‭charges those are dealt with at the the‬
‭14:11‬
‭level of the Dean's office for your‬
‭14:13‬
‭faculty‬
‭14:14‬
‭and that is your problem‬
‭14:21‬
‭okay so is the United States‬
‭14:23‬
‭unrepresentative‬
‭14:26‬
‭one could easily argue that the United‬
‭14:28‬
‭Nations security Council which is‬
‭14:30‬
‭pictured here reflects the old‬
‭ 4:32‬
1
‭distribution of power from after World‬
‭14:34‬
‭War II it excludes emerging emergent‬
‭14:39‬
‭countries like what what countries are‬
‭14:43‬
‭emerging in that list well you know‬
‭14:45‬
‭which countries are in the U.N security‬
‭14:46‬
‭Council so which one is not Germany‬
‭14:50‬
‭the United Nations I could write India‬
‭14:54‬
‭or Pakistan Nigeria South Africa instead‬
‭14:58‬
‭of Germany here on the exam because what‬
‭15:01‬
‭I'm just looking for is that you know‬
‭15:02‬
‭which are the P5 countries‬
‭15:06‬
‭there's the U.N security Council‬
‭15:10‬
‭Nigeria could be a p8 country it doesn't‬
‭15:13‬
‭have to be P6 it could be P10 or P11 you‬
‭15:17‬
‭could write a resolution to that effect‬
‭15:21‬
‭some countries wish to avoid a stronger‬
‭15:25‬
‭U.N they're concerned that it could‬
‭15:27‬
‭become an overarching authority a world‬
‭15:29‬
‭government and it could be used to‬
‭15:32‬
‭dominate or intimidate others‬
‭15:35‬
‭in your opinion should the United States‬
‭15:37‬
‭continue to be expected to finance such‬
‭15:40‬
‭a large proportion roughly 22 to 28 or‬
‭15:45‬
‭at least one quarter of the un's‬
‭ 5:47‬
1
‭peacekeeping budget well if you're‬
‭15:49‬
‭acting on behalf of your country as an‬
‭15:51‬
‭ambassador then you would need to‬
‭15:53‬
‭consult‬
‭15:54‬
‭and you would need to go back to your‬
‭15:56‬
‭Capital so what's the correct answer‬
‭15:58‬
‭here‬
‭16:00‬
‭all the answers are correct note that‬
‭16:03‬
‭the answers that are based on opinion‬
‭16:05‬
‭cannot be posed fairly I cannot pose‬
‭16:08‬
‭those sorts of questions on the midterm‬
‭16:09‬
‭some of you would like to have someone‬
‭16:13‬
‭wrote me today I don't think they‬
‭16:14‬
‭realize there's a thousand students in‬
‭16:16‬
‭the class they want to have debates on‬
‭16:18‬
‭Zoom I I can't this is an asynchronous‬
‭16:20‬
‭class I can't pose answers based on‬
‭16:24‬
‭questions based on your opinion now‬
‭16:27‬
‭we're at 22 questions so far there are‬
‭16:29‬
‭80 questions on the midterm so take a‬
‭16:32‬
‭big breath and recognize that you will‬
‭16:34‬
‭not have time to use control F‬
‭16:37‬
‭and if you use Ctrl F to search for‬
‭16:40‬
‭answers that is cheating and that will‬
‭ 6:43‬
1
‭be on your conscience believe me you'll‬
‭16:45‬
‭wake up in your 40s when you're paying‬
‭16:48‬
‭your mortgage and go I wish I had never‬
‭16:49‬
‭cheated on that second year class and‬
‭16:52‬
‭it's on my conscience and you won't be‬
‭16:54‬
‭able to sleep so it's not worth it this‬
‭16:55‬
‭is just a a small course and if you want‬
‭16:59‬
‭to cheat well when you get to the United‬
‭17:01‬
‭Nations as a representative maybe I‬
‭17:04‬
‭don't know I would feel very embarrassed‬
‭17:06‬
‭to know I cheated‬
‭17:08‬
‭let me return to the more important‬
‭17:10‬
‭Point here which is the UN General‬
‭17:12‬
‭assembly's Preamble The Preamble the‬
‭17:15‬
‭first sentence why was the United‬
‭17:17‬
‭Nations constructed what was what was‬
‭17:20‬
‭their goal you would be reading this but‬
‭17:23‬
‭you heard my lecture‬
‭17:24‬
‭though you remember it's to save‬
‭17:26‬
‭succeeding Generations that you that's‬
‭17:29‬
‭you guys from the scourge of war and‬
‭17:32‬
‭that is what it is meant to do and I‬
‭17:35‬
‭want to end‬
‭17:36‬
‭with a picture of these two students‬
‭ 7:39‬
1
‭whom I've seen for years they're no‬
‭17:41‬
‭longer students but they report to a‬
‭17:44‬
‭newsletter which all the diplomats read‬
‭17:47‬
‭because they know that Ray Atchison‬
‭17:50‬
‭there with the red hair is capable of‬
‭17:54‬
‭understanding what's happening at the UN‬
‭17:55‬
‭and interpreting it and putting it into‬
‭17:57‬
‭a newsletter and everyone reads that‬
‭18:00‬
‭newsletter it's called reaching critical‬
‭18:02‬
‭will it's put forward by voice of women‬
‭18:04‬
‭she's famous she's a Canadian and she‬
‭18:07‬
‭did her University ba degree at euron‬
‭18:09‬
‭University College so let's be proud of‬
‭18:12‬
‭this Canadian who has helped so many‬
‭18:15‬
‭diplomats and also future Generations‬
‭18:18‬
‭that support and are interested in the‬
‭18:21‬
‭United Nations‬

‭Lesson 5C: How does UN & Global Governance Work‬

‭ :00‬
0
‭ambassadors again to lesson five here‬
‭0:03‬
‭we're going to be talking more from a‬
‭0:05‬
‭Canadian perspective about how the‬
‭0:07‬
‭United Nations and Global governance‬
‭0:09‬
‭works and I want to emphasize that‬
‭0:12‬
‭you're in my class on global diplomacy‬
‭ :15‬
0
‭here's a global Diplomat Bob Ray‬
‭0:19‬
‭Canada's ambassador to the United‬
‭0:20‬
‭Nations this is a primer we're learning‬
‭0:24‬
‭this is a repeat if you're in my other‬
‭0:27‬
‭class‬
‭0:28‬
‭2141b if you're in my other class Global‬
‭0:32‬
‭violence we learn this same material‬
‭0:35‬
‭again could I ask the same questions on‬
‭0:39‬
‭both exams yes 2141b and 2191 B I could‬
‭0:44‬
‭but I probably will not because there's‬
‭0:47‬
‭so many questions that can be‬
‭0:49‬
‭asked so if you're in both classes you‬
‭0:53‬
‭do save some time but you do need to‬
‭0:55‬
‭study these notes and uh let's just‬
‭0:59‬
‭proceed‬
‭1:01‬
‭imagine if you're my friend Bob Ray here‬
‭1:04‬
‭who never I don't think he ever expected‬
‭1:07‬
‭to become counted as ambassador to the‬
‭1:09‬
‭U.N but he is so here he is looking a‬
‭1:11‬
‭little surprised he appeared the other‬
‭1:14‬
‭day for the conference that we organized‬
‭1:17‬
‭uh the Canadian pug wash group he‬
‭1:19‬
‭appeared by zoom and I thought about uh‬
‭1:22‬
‭maybe asking if you wanted to watch him‬
‭ :24‬
1
‭but then when I listened to the actual‬
‭1:26‬
‭presentation I decided that it wasn't‬
‭1:28‬
‭really what we need for this exciting‬
‭1:31‬
‭class on un peacekeeping now so now‬
‭1:35‬
‭we're going to prepare you to talk about‬
‭1:36‬
‭the conflict management provisions of‬
‭1:39‬
‭the United Nations where are they found‬
‭1:41‬
‭in the UN Charter where are they‬
‭1:46‬
‭the answer is in chapters 6 and 7 of the‬
‭1:50‬
‭UN Charter I talked before about the‬
‭1:52‬
‭preamble to save succeeding uh well I I‬
‭1:56‬
‭I'll talk about the Preamble word to‬
‭1:58‬
‭save succeeding Generations from The‬
‭2:00‬
‭Scrooge of War but here the conflict‬
‭2:03‬
‭management Provisions are in chapters‬
‭2:05‬
‭six and seven there's the United Nations‬
‭2:08‬
‭Flag being flown and you can see uh the‬
‭2:11‬
‭badge‬
‭2:13‬
‭I'm kind of excited about the pictures‬
‭2:14‬
‭because I wanted you to look at the‬
‭2:16‬
‭pictures as well and and of of un uh‬
‭2:20‬
‭peacekeepers uh chapter 6 calls on‬
‭2:24‬
‭member states to resolve their disputes‬
‭2:26‬
‭through all of these measures‬
‭ :28‬
2
‭arbitration negotiation peaceful means‬
‭2:32‬
‭so all of these answers are correct so‬
‭2:35‬
‭what would you click you'd click d‬
‭2:39‬
‭all of these answers are correct so‬
‭2:41‬
‭that's Bob Ray again talking about‬
‭2:44‬
‭negotiation and inquiry mediation at the‬
‭2:47‬
‭United Nations and this leads me to talk‬
‭2:50‬
‭more about chapter six‬
‭2:53‬
‭this is me uh meeting after the United‬
‭2:56‬
‭Nations uh what are we doing here oh‬
‭2:59‬
‭we're talking about the resolution and‬
‭3:02‬
‭we're going through the resolution in‬
‭3:05‬
‭detail so there you can see me reading‬
‭3:07‬
‭the resolution in detail this is um kind‬
‭3:11‬
‭of an interesting development so let's‬
‭3:13‬
‭just talked about that and chapter 7. so‬
‭3:17‬
‭chapter 7 is the heart of the collective‬
‭3:20‬
‭security I talked about that function of‬
‭3:22‬
‭the United Nations so in chapter 7 the‬
‭3:26‬
‭un's security Council can call on member‬
‭3:29‬
‭states‬
‭3:30‬
‭to obser to observe meaning to abide by‬
‭3:33‬
‭measures directed at the dispute that do‬
‭3:35‬
‭not involve the use of force these are‬
‭ :38‬
3
‭commonly sanctions in some sort of form‬
‭3:40‬
‭they can be trade boycotts embargoes‬
‭3:43‬
‭what we're doing to Russia right now‬
‭3:45‬
‭restricting sanctions on financial‬
‭3:48‬
‭interactions restricting Russia's access‬
‭3:51‬
‭to overseas assets so all of these‬
‭3:53‬
‭answers are correct these are part of‬
‭3:55‬
‭chapter seven‬
‭3:58‬
‭chapter 7 is at the heart of the‬
‭4:00‬
‭collective security function in the U.N‬
‭4:02‬
‭it means that the United Nations‬
‭4:04‬
‭security Council can call on member‬
‭4:06‬
‭states to observe measures that do not‬
‭4:09‬
‭involve force and that's what we try to‬
‭4:12‬
‭do with Russia at the beginning so all‬
‭4:16‬
‭of these answers are correct‬
‭4:19‬
‭still dwelling on chapter 7 of the U.N‬
‭4:22‬
‭Charter here you can see Randy Riddell‬
‭4:24‬
‭looking at the final draft resolution of‬
‭4:26‬
‭a of a something that he wrote that was‬
‭4:29‬
‭passed by all countries‬
‭4:31‬
‭it's‬
‭4:32‬
‭what articles can be invoked I want to‬
‭4:35‬
‭talk about article 42 which allows for‬
‭ :39‬
4
‭action and this can be by air C or Naval‬
‭4:43‬
‭forces to restore International Peace‬
‭4:46‬
‭and security and it could include a‬
‭4:48‬
‭blockade so this is going to sound‬
‭4:50‬
‭familiar to you regarding the Cuban‬
‭4:52‬
‭Missile Crisis or other operations by‬
‭4:55‬
‭airseer land forces of the United‬
‭4:57‬
‭Nations‬
‭4:59‬
‭oh the correct answer here is article 42‬
‭5:03‬
‭can be invoked‬
‭5:06‬
‭article 42 can be invoked and I put some‬
‭5:10‬
‭this in capital so that you just can‬
‭5:12‬
‭remember article 42‬
‭5:16‬
‭the department of peacekeeping‬
‭5:18‬
‭operations is called for short dpko and‬
‭5:22‬
‭it has a very rich website that has a‬
‭5:24‬
‭lot of information on peacekeeping it's‬
‭5:26‬
‭very useful how many peacekeeping‬
‭5:29‬
‭operations are currently going on by the‬
‭5:32‬
‭United Nations how many are on that are‬
‭5:35‬
‭led by dpko I've been to their offices‬
‭5:37‬
‭tiny‬
‭5:39‬
‭offices people are all crammed together‬
‭5:42‬
‭trying to plan these operations‬
‭ :45‬
5
‭they're crammed together trying and they‬
‭5:48‬
‭have maps of 12 different operations on‬
‭5:50‬
‭their cubicles and they're all shouting‬
‭5:53‬
‭and trying to plan it all it's very‬
‭5:56‬
‭interesting‬
‭5:57‬
‭find out more about an operation you can‬
‭6:00‬
‭look at the United Nations‬
‭6:02‬
‭dpko peacekeeping‬
‭6:04‬
‭pages and there are as it says there are‬
‭6:08‬
‭currently 12 peacekeeping operations led‬
‭6:11‬
‭by dpko that doesn't include NATO‬
‭6:17‬
‭but since‬
‭6:19‬
‭um 1945 the dpko has actually operated‬
‭6:23‬
‭15 operations so this is less than 30‬
‭6:27‬
‭and uh‬
‭6:29‬
‭one of our speakers Ben Murray mentioned‬
‭6:31‬
‭he couldn't remember the number he‬
‭6:32‬
‭thought it was about 30 in history but‬
‭6:34‬
‭it's only actually 15.‬
‭6:38‬
‭since 1945 the DP Co has operated many‬
‭6:42‬
‭peacekeeping missions a success but only‬
‭6:46‬
‭15.‬
‭6:48‬
‭let me talk about some of those famous‬
‭6:50‬
‭more famous emissions‬
‭ :52‬
6
‭first there's unf1 and this was coined‬
‭6:55‬
‭when the 1956 Suez Crisis prompted the‬
‭6:59‬
‭creation of unf1‬
‭7:02‬
‭the crisis in 1956 what's it called it's‬
‭7:06‬
‭called‬
‭7:08‬
‭the Suez Crisis although it was also a‬
‭7:11‬
‭crisis in Hungary it was before the‬
‭7:14‬
‭Cuban Missile Crisis well before the‬
‭7:17‬
‭Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 so it's‬
‭7:19‬
‭called a Suez Crisis because of the Suez‬
‭7:22‬
‭Canal and the blocking of it‬
‭7:26‬
‭UNIF one was created due to the Suez‬
‭7:30‬
‭Crisis here once again as the NOAA Ark‬
‭7:33‬
‭at the back of the United Nations you‬
‭7:35‬
‭can't go in there members of the public‬
‭7:37‬
‭can no longer go in there which is too‬
‭7:38‬
‭bad and I'm excited to show you those‬
‭7:40‬
‭pictures so I kind of crammed them in‬
‭7:42‬
‭here‬
‭7:43‬
‭and then a picture you've seen before of‬
‭7:46‬
‭uh the country which was the Country‬
‭7:48‬
‭Canada‬
‭7:50‬
‭that proposed unf1‬
‭7:53‬
‭and you know it was Lester B Pearson‬
‭ :55‬
7
‭Canada received the Nobel Peace Prize‬
‭7:58‬
‭the year after in 1958. if you like go‬
‭8:01‬
‭and watch US Canada receiving the Nobel‬
‭8:05‬
‭Peace Prize if you feel like it‬
‭8:07‬
‭actually uh unfortunately Landon Pearson‬
‭8:10‬
‭Jeffrey Pearson's uh wife she was a‬
‭8:14‬
‭Senator she just died uh uh just died‬
‭8:17‬
‭this week actually uh the obituary is‬
‭8:20‬
‭all in the newspaper so she was married‬
‭8:22‬
‭to Jeffrey Pearson who was the son of‬
‭8:25‬
‭Lester Pearson and and Jeffrey wrote a‬
‭8:27‬
‭book on the Suez Crisis which was very‬
‭8:30‬
‭interesting and uh also just an‬
‭8:33‬
‭interesting part of Canadian history‬
‭8:35‬
‭okay I'm talking about someone who died‬
‭8:37‬
‭Landon Pearson that's not on the exam‬
‭8:40‬
‭so let's talk about traditional first‬
‭8:43‬
‭generation peacekeeping and here you can‬
‭8:45‬
‭see some peacekeepers at the United‬
‭8:47‬
‭Nations‬
‭8:49‬
‭traditional steady state uh‬
‭8:52‬
‭peacekeeping has some characteristics‬
‭8:56‬
‭here impartiality non-hostile lightly‬
‭8:59‬
‭armed consent of all the parties and‬
‭ :03‬
9
‭non-territoriality so they don't try to‬
‭9:06‬
‭seize or hold or protect countries so‬
‭9:09‬
‭all of these answers are correct that‬
‭9:11‬
‭steady state first generation‬
‭9:12‬
‭peacekeeping‬
‭9:14‬
‭or to review sometimes I might make you‬
‭9:17‬
‭read all this and something might be‬
‭9:19‬
‭slightly wrong and so then you know it's‬
‭9:21‬
‭not all of these answers are correct‬
‭9:22‬
‭there's going to be one answer that's‬
‭9:25‬
‭correct‬
‭9:26‬
‭so usually I would have to make all four‬
‭9:28‬
‭of them slightly wrong in order for you‬
‭9:32‬
‭to figure this out‬
‭9:34‬
‭what what second generation or what‬
‭9:37‬
‭sometimes called robust peacekeeping‬
‭9:41‬
‭we've talked about the evolution of‬
‭9:43‬
‭peacekeeping and here you can see the‬
‭9:45‬
‭third and fourth generation sort of‬
‭9:47‬
‭merging together as it becomes more‬
‭9:50‬
‭complex as they move towards security‬
‭9:53‬
‭sector reform and take on more peace‬
‭9:56‬
‭building peace enforcement activities‬
‭10:00‬
‭the second generation if I was to ask‬
‭ 0:02‬
1
‭you a question here there can be‬
‭10:05‬
‭deployment within States‬
‭10:07‬
‭there can be lack of consent where the‬
‭10:10‬
‭parties don't agree to it there can be‬
‭10:13‬
‭robust peacekeeping with an increased‬
‭10:15‬
‭use of force‬
‭10:17‬
‭and the proliferation massive‬
‭10:19‬
‭proliferation of the mission tasks‬
‭10:22‬
‭including all sorts of things‬
‭10:24‬
‭electoral support Refugee settlement so‬
‭10:27‬
‭all of these answers are correct‬
‭10:31‬
‭second generation contemporary modern‬
‭10:34‬
‭peacekeeping what are the conventions‬
‭10:37‬
‭and here I'm just asking the same‬
‭10:39‬
‭question all of these answers are‬
‭10:42‬
‭correct so you actually do have to read‬
‭10:44‬
‭the question and you don't have time to‬
‭10:46‬
‭look for the answer you're not allowed‬
‭10:48‬
‭to go to other windows you're not‬
‭10:50‬
‭allowed to use control F‬
‭10:53‬
‭you'll know it because you heard me say‬
‭10:54‬
‭it once surely you'll remember was the‬
‭10:57‬
‭unperformed of failure many diplomats‬
‭11:01‬
‭argue that it was a failure unperformed‬
‭ 1:04‬
1
‭as you can see in the form of Yugoslavia‬
‭11:07‬
‭here it was a failure because it failed‬
‭11:11‬
‭to bring peace‬
‭11:12‬
‭it became a non-safe area un Personnel‬
‭11:16‬
‭were shot at and all sides routinely‬
‭11:18‬
‭defied the U.N so all of these answers‬
‭11:21‬
‭are correct‬
‭11:23‬
‭it was a failure‬
‭11:26‬
‭but the problem is that they're not‬
‭11:29‬
‭correct because some some people argue‬
‭11:32‬
‭unperformed was a success especially‬
‭11:35‬
‭people who were deployed there‬
‭11:36‬
‭and then they say oh we learned a lot‬
‭11:38‬
‭from the Bosnia herzkabian we learned a‬
‭11:41‬
‭lot from on on perform so it wasn't a‬
‭11:44‬
‭failure it was a good learning‬
‭11:45‬
‭experience so this teaches you that I‬
‭11:48‬
‭cannot as it says in e‬
‭11:50‬
‭all of these answers are not correct‬
‭11:52‬
‭because you I can't actually just pose‬
‭11:54‬
‭this question because it's based on your‬
‭11:56‬
‭opinion I cannot ask questions based on‬
‭12:00‬
‭opinion‬
‭12:03‬
‭here again was Unisom which was in‬