List Functions
Pythonalsooffersmanybuilt-infunctionsandmethodsforlistmanipulation.Thesecanbe applied to
list as per following syntax :
<listobject>.<method name>()
Method Description Example
len() Returnsthelengthofthelistpassedastheargu >>>list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
ment >>>len(list1)
5
list() Createsanemptylistifnoargumentispassed >>>list1=list()
>>> list1[]
>>>str1='aeiou'
Createsalistifasequenceispassedasanargume >>>list1=list(str1)
nt >>>list1
['a','e','i','o','u']
append() Appendsasingleelementpassedasanargume >>>list1=[10,20,30,40]
ntattheendofthelist >>>list1.append(50)
>>>list1
Alistcanalsobeappendedasanelementtoanexi [10,20,30,40,50]
stinglist >>>list1=[10,20,30,40]
>>>list1.append([50,60])
>>>list1
[10,20,30,40,[50,60]]
insert() Insertsanelementataparticularindex inthelist >>>list1=[10,20,30,40,50]
#insertselement25atindexvalue2
>>>list1.insert(2,25)
>>>list1
[10,20,25,30,40,50]
>>>list1.insert(0,100)
>>>list1
[100,10,20,25,30,40,50]
count() Returns the number of timesa >>>list1=[10,20,30,10,40,10]
givenelementappearsinthelist >>> list1.count(10)
3
>>> list1.count(90)
0
remove() Removes the given element from >>>list1=[10,20,30,40,50,30]
thelist.Iftheelementispresentmultipletimes >>>list1.remove(30)
,onlythefirstoccurrenceisremoved.Iftheele >>>list1
mentisnotpresent,thenValue [10,20,40,50,30]
Errorisgenerated >>> list1.remove(90)
ValueError: list.remove(x)
x not in list
pop() Returnstheelementwhoseindexispassedasa >>>list1=[10,20,30,40,50,60]
rgumenttothisfunctionandalsoremovesitfr >>>list1.pop(3)
omthelist.Ifno argument 40
isgiven,thenitreturnsandremovesthelastele >>>list1
mentofthelist [10,20,30,50,60]
>>>list1=[10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>>list1.pop()
60
>>>list1
[10,20,30,40,50]
reverse() Reverses >>>list1=[34,66,12,89,28,99]
theorderofelementsinthegivenlist >>>list1.reverse()
>>>list1
[99,28,89,12,66,34]
>>> list1 = [ 'Tiger' ,'Zebra' ,'Lion','Cat','Elephant','Dog']
>>>list1.reverse()
>>>list1
['Dog', 'Elephant', 'Cat', 'Lion','Zebra','Tiger']
sort() Sorts the elementsofthegivenlistinplace >>>list1=['Tiger','Zebra','Lion','Cat','Elephant','Dog']
>>>list1.sort()
>>>list1
['Cat', 'Dog', 'Elephant', 'Lion','Tiger','Zebra']
>>>list1=[34,66,12,89,28,99]
>>>list1.sort(reverse=True)
>>>list1[99,89,66,34,
28,12]
min() Returns minimum or smallest element of >>>list1=[34,12,63,39,92,44]
the li st >>> min(list1)
12
max() Returnsmaximumorlargestelementofthelist >>>
max(list1)92
sum() Returnssumoftheelementsofthelist >>>sum(list1)
284
CREATINGADICTIONARY
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To create a dictionary, the items entered are
Separated by commas and enclosedincurlybraces. Each item is a key value pair, separated through
colon (:).
#dict1isanemptydictionary
>>>dict1={}
>>>dict1 {}
#dict3isthedictionarythatmapsnamesofthestudentstomarksinpercentage
>>>dict3={'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>>dict3
{'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
ACCESSINGITEMSINADICTIONARY
Theitemsofadictionaryareaccessed viathekeys.Each key serves as the index and maps toavalue.
<dict>[<key>]
>>> dict3 = {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>> dict3['Ram']
89
Intheaboveexamplesthekey'Ram'alwaysmapstothevalue89
* If the key is notpresentinthedictionarywegetKey Error.
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MEMBERSHIPOPERATION
The membership operator IN
checksifthekeyispresentinthedictionaryandreturnsTrue,elseitreturnsFalse.
>>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>> 'Suhel' in dict1
True
ThenotinoperatorreturnsTrueifthekeyisnot presentinthedictionary,elseitreturnsFalse.
ADDINGANEWITEM
Wecanaddanewitemtothedictionaryasshowninthefollowingexample:
>>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>>dict1['Meena']=78
>>>dict1
{'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85,'Meena':78}
UPDATINGANEXISTINGITEM
Theexistingdictionarycanbemodifiedbyjustoverwriting the key-value pair.
>>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
#MarksofSuhelchangedto93.5
>>>dict1['Suhel']=93.5
>>>dict1
{'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':93.5, 'Sangeeta':85}
TRAVERSINGA DICTIONARY
We can access each item of the dictionary or traverse adictionaryusingforloop.
>>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92, ‘’ Sangeeta':85}
Method1:
>>>forkeyindict1:
print (key,':',dict1[key])
Mohan:95
Ram :89
Suhel:92
Sangeeta:85
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Method2:
>>> for key,value in dict1.items():
print(key,':',value)
Mohan:95
Ram:89
Suhel:92
Sangeeta:85
DELETING ELEMENT
We can remove an item from the existing dictionary by using del command or using pop()
1. Using del command- The keyword del is used to delete the key present in the dictionary. If the
key is not found, then it raises an error.
del <dict>[key]
2. Using pop() method – pop() method will not delete the item specified by the key from the
dictionary but also return the deleted value.
<dict>.pop(key)
3. popitem()- It returns and removes the last inserted item from dictionary
<dict>.popitem()
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DICTIONARYMETHODS ANDBUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
Python provides many functions to work on dictionaries.
Method Description Example
dict() Creates a dictionary from pair1=[('Mohan',95),('Ram',89),
asequenceofkey-valuepairs ('Suhel',92),('Sangeeta',85)]
>>>pair1 [('Mohan',95),
('Ram',89),('Suhl',
92),('Sangeeta',85)]
>>>dict1=dict(pair1)
>>>dict1
{'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,
'Sangeeta':85}
len() Returns the length or number >>> dict1 =
ofkey: value pairs of the {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85
dictionarypassedastheargument
}
>>>len(dict1)
4
keys() Returnsalistofkeysinthedictionar >>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,
y 'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>>dict1.keys()
dict.keys(['Mohan', 'Ram', 'Suhel', ‘ Sangeeta'])
values() Returnsalistofvaluesinthedictiona >>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,
ry 'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>> dict1.values()
dict.values([95,89,92,85])
items() Returnsalistoftuples(key— >>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,
value)pair 'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>>dict1.items()
Dict.items([('Mohan',95),('Ram',89),
('Suhel',92),('Sangeeta',85)])
get() Returnsthevaluecorrespondingto >>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,
thekeypassedastheargument 'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
>>> dict1.get('Sangeeta')85
Ifthekeyisnotpresentinthedictiona
ryitwillreturnNone
update() appends thekey-value pair >>> dict1 = {'Mohan':95,
ofthedictionarypassedastheargu 'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
ment to the key-value pair >>>dict2={'Sohan':79,'Geeta':89}
ofthegivendictionary
>>>dict1.update(dict2)
>>>dict1
{'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,
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'Sangeeta':85,'Sohan':79,'Geeta':89}
>>>dict2
{'Sohan':79,'Geeta':89}
clear() Deletesorclearalltheitems >>> dict1 =
ofthedictionary {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85
}
>>>dict1.clear()
>>>dict1
{}
del() Deletestheitemwiththegivenkey >>> dict1 =
Todeletethedictionaryfromthem {'Mohan':95,'Ram':89,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85
emorywewrite:
}
delDict_name
>>>deldict1['Ram']
>>>dict1
{'Mohan':95,'Suhel':92,'Sangeeta':85}
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