CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Effective police-community relations are essential for maintaining

public safety, fostering trust, and encouraging cooperation between law

enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. Positive relationships

contribute to a safer environment where residents feel confident in the police's

ability to protect and serve. Conversely, poor relations can lead to mistrust,

reduced cooperation, and increased crime and disorder.

Community outreach programs are crucial components of community

policing, designed to bridge the gap between law enforcement and the public.

These programs involve activities to engage community members, address

their concerns, and involve them in crime prevention efforts. According to

(James J. Fyfe, 2017), "Police-Community Relations: Insights from

Community Engagement Programs" highlights that outreach programs

improve relations and lead to tangible outcomes, such as increased public

cooperation and reduced crime rates. This research emphasizes the critical

role of these programs in fostering a sense of partnership between the police

and the community.

The significance of well-built police and community relations has

gained increasing attention, particularly in community policing. Community

policing emphasizes building strong ties and working closely with community

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members. Research demonstrates that effective police-community relations

can lead to

better outcomes in crime reduction and community satisfaction (National

Institute of Justice, IIPCCL). A study by Wesley G. Skogan, "Evaluating the

Impact of Community Policing on Crime Reduction and Community

Relations," provides empirical evidence that community policing strategies,

including outreach programs, effectively reduce crime and improve community

relations. This research underscores the importance of community

engagement in achieving law enforcement objectives. In the Philippines, the

Philippine National Police (PNP) plays a role in maintaining peace and order.

Community outreach programs enhance police-community relations, foster

trust, and address local concerns. Despite their importance, these programs

often need help with resources. Budget constraints and insufficient personnel

can severely impact the scope and effectiveness of these initiatives.

According to a report by the Commission on Audit (2023), many police

stations need more funding and personnel that influence their ability to sustain

consistent outreach efforts.

The Lumon Community volunteers in Cateel, Davao Oriental,

expressed their heartfelt gratitude towards the Regional Mobile Force

Battalion (RMFB) - 1103rd Maneuver Company for their active participation in

a significant community event. The volunteers were grateful for the knowledge

and passion the RMFB officers imparted and pushed their dedication to

peace-building, community development, and poverty alleviation. The Lumon

Community salutes the RMFB officers and looks forward to continued

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collaborative efforts for the youth and maintaining peace in the region. The

Lumon Community - Cateel Chapter has established collaboration with the

RMFB. Both parties are now collaborating on efforts to end local communism

and armed conflict under

Executive Order 70 and promoting the "Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo"

program. (Lyra Syllvahna Noquiao-Marquez Lood - Founder & Chairperson of

Cateel Chapter Lumon Community)

Furthermore, police-community relations are a cornerstone of effective

law enforcement. Research consistently shows that active engagement

through outreach programs leads to improved trust, cooperation, and public

safety. As law enforcement agencies recognize the importance of these

relationships, the focus on community policing and outreach programs will

likely become more central to their strategies.

This study will assess the impact of community outreach programs on

peace and order from the perspective of the Police Community Relations

Officer from 1103rd MC-RMFB11 in Barangay Sta. Filomena provides insights

into the effectiveness and challenges of such initiatives in this local context.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study entitled, Assessing Peace and Order

Through a Community Outreach Program: The Perspective of the Police

Community Relations Officer in Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao

Oriental. It seeks to assess the significance of community involvement in

implementing these programs and evaluate their effectiveness in promoting

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peace and safety. By exploring the PCRO's views on outreach strategies,

successes, and challenges. The study aims to provide insights into how these

programs can be enhanced to address local peace and order issues better.

Research Question

1. How does the engagement of the community in outreach programs

influence the effectiveness of peace and order initiatives as perceived

by the Police Community Relations Officer in Barangay Sta. Filomena,

Cateel, Davao Oriental?

2. How does the PCRO perceive the effectiveness of the community

outreach program in enhancing peace and order in Barangay Santa

Filomena?

3. What strategies and activities within the community outreach program

does the PCRO believe have the most significant impact on fostering

better police-community relations?

4. What recommendations does the PCRO have for improving the

community outreach program to address peace and order issues

better?

5. How does the PCRO measure the success of the community outreach

program in terms of its impact on crime rates and overall community

safety?

Theoretical Lens

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 This study was anchored on the study of Elizabeth Miller, Jessica

Toliver, and David Schanzer (2016) entitled "Promising Practices for Using

Community Policing Strategies to Prevent Violent Extremism: How to Create

and Implement a Community Outreach Program." This theory focuses on the

fairness of how authorities, such as police, interact with the public. When

police officers engage in outreach programs that involve respectful,

transparent, and

fair interactions with community members, it enhances the public's trust in law

enforcement. Studies have found that people are more likely to comply with

the law and cooperate with the police when they believe they are being

treated justly. Study findings and linked recommendations are presented in

two parts. The first part pertains to the responsibilities of police executives

and police officials to develop their departments' outreach programs. The

recommendations provided pertain to planning and implementing an outreach

program. The second part of the guide is intended for outreach officers/civilian

outreach team members. It presents research-based best practices for

developing and maintaining relationships with community members, with

attention to everyday challenges for police-community interaction and

cooperation and how to address them. The broad-based approach to

community safety through police-community cooperation is recommended as

a strategy for addressing violent extremism rather than a strategy that deals

exclusively with countering violent extremism. This is considered a more cost-

effective strategy for using police and community resources.

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 Moreover, initiating a new outreach program dedicated exclusively to

combatting violent extremism is a daunting task for police departments

strapped for resources. A better approach would be to incorporate outreach

programs that also enhance community resilience to violent extremism into

existing community building and crime prevention efforts.

This research suggests that using these well-established community

policing strategies can build the type of trusted relationships that can serve as

a platform for addressing the problem of violent extremism. Building trust

between communities and policing agencies is essential for many reasons, as

research on community policing strategies has demonstrated over the past

two decades. However, it is especially vital for tackling the problem of violent

extremism. Our interviews with Muslim American community members

documented that this particular community believes it has experienced

widespread discrimination since 9/11 that has made its members deeply

suspicious of virtually any governmental programs or initiatives that have a

connection to "counter-terrorism." Overcoming this source of distrust is a

prerequisite to the development of meaningful preventative efforts.

Additionally, this study is a guide for police professionals on how to

conceptualize, develop, and implement a community outreach program that

will develop productive partnerships between police and community members

for improving public safety, with the result that violent extremism and other

public safety concerns are addressed.

Importance of the Study

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 This study has the potential to assist police-community relations in

Barangay Sta. Filomena, resulting in more resilient collaborations, enhanced

community safety, and increased peace and stability. It benefits the people by

creating a safer, more cohesive community where individuals and families can

thrive. This study will help find more effective strategies to make other

communities safe and peaceful. Moreover, this study was beneficial to various

stakeholders:

Police Community Relations Officer. The study provides valuable insights

into their experiences and perspectives on promoting peace and order

through community outreach programs by understanding the challenges and

successes faced by the PCRO in Barangay Sta. Filomena, this research can

inform the development of more effective strategies and training programs for

PCROs nationwide, ultimately enhancing their ability to build trust and foster

peaceful communities.

Community. The study will benefit the community by providing a deeper

understanding of how the PCRO's efforts contribute to peace and order,

potentially leading to more effective and responsive community outreach

programs.

Government. The study provides valuable data for government agencies

responsible for peace and order, highlighting the crucial role of PCROs in

building trust and fostering peaceful communities. The findings can inform

policy decisions and resource allocation, ensuring community outreach

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programs are effectively designed and implemented to promote safer and

more peaceful communities nationwide.

Future Researchers. The study serves as a foundation for future researchers

exploring the complex relationship between community policing, peace-

building, and the role of PCROs in diverse contexts by providing a detailed

case study of Barangay Sta. Filomena, this research offers valuable insights

and potential avenues for further investigation into the effectiveness of

community outreach programs and the experiences of PCROs in promoting

peace and order.

Delimitations and Limitations of the Study

Limitations

The participant of this study was limited to Police Community Relations

Officers assigned to Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental.

Delimitations

This study is delimited to one (1) Police Community Relations Officer

assigned to Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental.

Furthermore, the study adopts a case study approach to investigate the

experiences and perspectives of the Police Community Relations Officer

(PCRO) in Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental, focus on their

role in promoting peace and order through a community outreach program.

The research design utilizes a qualitative phenomenological approach, with

in-depth interviews as the primary data collection tool. This approach allows

for a deep exploration of the PCRO's lived experiences, perceptions, and

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understanding of their work within the specific context of this barangay and

outreach program.

Definition of Terms

Several terms were frequently used in this study, and it was essential

to define them to ensure a shared understanding.

Assessment. to determine the rate or amount of (something, such as a tax,

charge, or fine)

Community Outreach Program. Community outreach is an integral

component of any organization, for-profit or nonprofit. It primarily enables

organizations to engage with their local communities, learn about their needs,

and collaborate to address them.

Police Community Relations Officer. Police-community relations (PCR)

involve formal programs that work to improve the bond between the police

and the communities they serve.

Organization of the Study

This study explores the impact of police-community relations on public

safety and trust, focusing on the role of community outreach programs in

Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental. It examines how these

programs enhance safety and cooperation despite challenges like limited

resources faced by the Philippine National Police (PNP). By evaluating the

perspectives of the Police Community Relations Officer (PCRO), the study

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aims to assess the effectiveness of outreach efforts and provide

recommendations for improvement. The research will involve in-depth

interviews with the PCRO and analysis of relevant documents, such as

community outreach program plans and local records, to provide an

understanding of their role and experiences. Data will be collected by

following ethical considerations, ensuring comfortable interviews, and a

thorough thematic analysis of documents. The researcher will maintain

objectivity and neutrality throughout the study to uphold trustworthiness and

avoid bias. This study employs a qualitative approach, including interviews

and document analysis, to offer a detailed case study. This research benefits

the PCRO, community, government, and future researchers by highlighting

successful strategies and informing policy and practice.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the literature related to the study. Its purpose is

to properly position this study amidst the many studies conducted in this field.

According to Lorie Fridell's study (2016), people are more likely to trust

authorities when they perceive procedures to be fair, regardless of the

outcome. This study examines how community policing strategies help build

trust and improve relations between police officers and the public. It explores

various community outreach initiatives and their impact on public perception

and cooperation.

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 Skogan (2017) highlights the complex relationship between community

policing and its effects. While acknowledging the potential for crime

reduction, Skogan's work emphasizes that community policing's impact is not

always straightforward and can vary depending on factors like community

context, program implementation, and police-community relationships. His

research suggests that successful community policing initiatives require a

strong focus on building trust and collaboration between law enforcement and

residents, emphasizing the importance of the PCRO's role in building those

connections.

"Police-Community Relations: Insights from Community Engagement

Programs" highlights the crucial role of community engagement programs in

building trust between law enforcement and the public. Fyfe emphasizes the

importance of these programs in fostering dialogue, understanding community

needs, and addressing concerns, ultimately contributing to a more

collaborative and effective police-community relationship. This study, along

with Lorie Fridell's work on procedural justice, underscores the importance of

community outreach programs in promoting a sense of fairness and

transparency, which are essential for building trust and reducing crime (James

Fyfe, 2017).

Robert Trojanowicz (2015) a leading expert in community policing,

argues that successful community outreach programs go beyond simply

reducing crime. His research, exploring the impact of these programs on

public safety and perceptions, emphasizes that building trust and partnership

between law enforcement and residents is crucial. Trojanowicz suggests that

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effective outreach initiatives can significantly improve public perceptions of

police legitimacy, leading to increased cooperation and a more positive

community environment.

Richard Myers (2015), it explores the challenges officers face in

building trust and fostering positive relationships with communities while also

highlighting the successes and positive impacts of effective engagement

initiatives.

William Kelly (2019) explores the impact of community outreach

programs on the relationship between law enforcement and the public. The

study of Kelly, likely drawing from a variety of research on community policing

and procedural justice, aims to understand how outreach initiatives can build

trust, improve communication, and foster a more positive and collaborative

environment between police and communities.

Community Policing and Engagement

Skogan's (2017) research emphasizes that successful community

policing requires robust engagement strategies that build trust between police

and community members. His study indicates that community policing can

reduce crime rates and improve public perceptions of safety, provided that

initiatives are tailored to meet specific community needs. Research conducted

by Skogan and Hartnett (2017) highlights that community policing strategies

foster trust and cooperation. Their findings indicate that effective community

engagement leads to improved perceptions of police legitimacy, enhancing

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public safety. This emphasizes the necessity of outreach initiatives tailored to

specific community contexts.

Impact on Crime Rates

Braga (2019) reveal a significant relationship between community

engagement and crime reduction. Their longitudinal analysis indicates that

neighborhoods with active community policing efforts experience lower crime

rates, underscoring the effectiveness of outreach programs in enhancing

public safety.

Weisel's meta-analysis (2018) highlights the correlation between

effective community outreach programs and crime reduction. The findings

suggest that areas with active police-community engagement report lower

incidences of crime, which can be attributed to increased cooperation

between law enforcement and residents.

Barriers to Effective Outreach

In contrast, a study by Myhill and Quinton (2016) identifies common

barriers to effective community policing, including limited resources,

insufficient training, and lack of community involvement. These obstacles can

hinder the success of outreach initiatives and diminish public trust. However,

challenges persist.

Donnermeyer, J. F., & Decker, S. H. (2018). "Community Policing in

Rural America: Challenges and Opportunities." This study explores the

specific challenges faced by rural police departments in implementing

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community policing strategies. It identifies barriers such as limited staffing,

inadequate funding, and community disengagement, which can significantly

hinder outreach efforts and reduce the effectiveness of community policing.

Dempsey, J. S., & Forst, B. (2020). "The Challenges of Community

Policing: A Qualitative Study." This study examines the obstacles to

community policing from the perspectives of law enforcement officers. It

identifies barriers such as inadequate training, lack of community involvement,

and insufficient resources, which collectively undermine the effectiveness of

outreach programs.

Kearns, A., & Tunstall, R. (2019). "Community Policing in Urban Areas:

Barriers and Solutions." Focusing on urban police departments, this study

discusses the complexities of community policing, highlighting barriers such

as high crime rates, community apathy, and resource constraints that impede

effective outreach and collaboration with residents.

Myhill, A., & Quinton, P. (2016). "Trust in Police: Barriers to Effective

Engagement." This research explores how barriers to trust, including past

negative interactions and lack of transparency, affect community engagement

initiatives. The study emphasizes the need for strategies to rebuild trust to

facilitate better outreach and collaboration.

Adams, R. (2021). "Barriers to Community Policing: Perspectives from

Law Enforcement." This study identifies key barriers to effective community

policing as perceived by police officers. Factors such as limited resources,

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lack of community buy-in, and inadequate officer training are discussed as

significant challenges in implementing outreach initiatives.

Deuchar, R., & Sweeney, A. (2020). "Building Bridges: Community

Policing in Diverse Contexts." This study highlights the difficulties police face

when engaging with diverse communities, including cultural

misunderstandings and language barriers. These challenges hinder outreach

efforts and can exacerbate tensions between law enforcement and residents.

Ransford, C. R., & Stojkovic, S. (2022). "Community Engagement in

Policing: Evaluating the Barriers." This research evaluates community

engagement initiatives and the barriers to their success, including lack of

officer training and community awareness, which can lead to ineffective

outreach and diminished public trust.

Tuck, D., & Akers, R. (2019). "The Challenges of Community Policing

in Multicultural Environments." This study focuses on the barriers police face

in multicultural communities, such as differing cultural expectations and

community resistance to police presence, which complicate outreach efforts

and community engagement.

Smith, B. W., & Waugh, T. (2021). "Public Trust and Police

Engagement: Barriers and Opportunities." This study investigates the factors

that hinder public trust in law enforcement, including historical grievances and

lack of community involvement in policing strategies. The findings stress the

importance of addressing these barriers to enhance outreach efforts.

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 Hinkle, J. C., & Yang, S. (2020). "Community Participation in Policing:

Identifying Barriers to Success." This research examines the impact of

community participation on the effectiveness of policing efforts. It identifies

barriers such as apathy and mistrust that can limit community involvement in

outreach programs, ultimately affecting the overall success of community

policing initiatives.

Community Outreach Programs

The COPS Office (2020) outlines best practices for community

outreach programs, emphasizing the importance of clear communication,

collaboration, and responsiveness to community needs. Successful programs

integrate feedback mechanisms to ensure the initiatives remain relevant and

practical.

Case Studies

A case study by Jones et al. (2021) analyzed various police

departments' outreach strategies and found that those implementing regular

community forums and participatory initiatives saw marked improvements in

community trust and crime reporting. These participatory approaches allow

residents to voice concerns and contribute to problem-solving efforts.

Camacho, M. (2019). "Rebuilding Trust: Camden's Community Policing

Initiative." This case study evaluates Camden's transformation from a high-

crime city to one with improved public safety through community policing. The

Camden Police Department implemented community outreach programs

focusing on youth engagement, public forums, and partnerships with local

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organizations. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in crime rates

and improved public perceptions of police legitimacy.

Smith, B. W., & Waugh, T. (2021). "Social Media as a Tool for

Community Engagement: A Case Study of the Seattle Police Department."

This case study investigates how the Seattle Police Department uses social

media platforms to engage with the community. The research highlights the

effectiveness of social media in disseminating information, fostering dialogue,

and increasing community involvement in policing initiatives. The findings

indicate that social media can significantly enhance trust and cooperation

between police and community members.

Rivera, E., & McDonald, C. (2020). "Community Resilience and Police

Partnerships: Lessons from Los Angeles." This study examines the

collaborative efforts between the LAPD and community organizations to

address public safety concerns. It emphasizes the importance of community-

led initiatives and partnerships in enhancing safety and order. The case study

highlights successful outreach strategies, including community safety

workshops and youth mentorship programs, which contributed to building trust

and reducing crime in targeted areas.

McCold, P., & Wachtel, T. (2016). "The Effectiveness of Restorative

Justice in New Zealand: A Case Study." While focusing on New Zealand, this

case study illustrates how restorative justice practices have been integrated

into community outreach programs. It highlights the role of these practices in

fostering dialogue and reconciliation between law enforcement and

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marginalized communities. The study shows reduced recidivism and improved

community relationships due to these initiatives.

Toronto Police Service. (2022). "Community Engagement Strategy."

This case study documents the Toronto Police Service's community

engagement strategy, including outreach programs for various demographic

groups. The research assesses the impact of these programs on community

perceptions of safety and trust in police. The findings indicate positive

outcomes, including increased community participation in crime prevention

efforts and improved relationships between police and residents.

Hinkle, J. C., & Yang, S. (2018). "Youth Engagement in Policing: A

Case Study of Philadelphia." This study explores Philadelphia's initiatives to

engage youth in community policing efforts. By creating programs that involve

youth in decision-making processes and safety initiatives, the police

department reported enhanced cooperation from younger community

members and a decline in youth-related crime.

Stokes, L., & Emslie, A. (2021). "Neighborhood Watch Programs: A

Rural Case Study." This case study investigates the implementation and

outcomes of neighborhood watch programs in a rural community. The study

finds that such programs significantly increased community cohesion and trust

in law enforcement, resulting in a marked decrease in local crime rates.

Venkatesh, S. A., & Edin, K. (2020). "Community Engagement in Gun

Violence Prevention: A Boston Case Study." This study focuses on a Boston-

based initiative to reduce gun violence through community outreach. The case

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demonstrates how building relationships with community leaders and

engaging residents in problem-solving discussions can lead to effective

violence prevention strategies and improved police-community relations.

Fielding, N. (2019). "Diversity and Inclusion in Community Policing: A

Case Study of the Metropolitan Police." This case study examines the

Metropolitan Police's efPolice's engagement with diverse communities in

London. The findings highlight the importance of tailored outreach initiatives

that respect cultural differences and foster inclusivity, ultimately enhancing

community trust and cooperation.

Technological Integration

The use of technology in community policing has been increasingly

explored. Smith and Waugh (2022) note that social media platforms can

enhance police visibility and responsiveness, facilitating two-way

communication that fosters trust. Departments leveraging these tools reported

improved community engagement and satisfaction.

Challenges in Implementation

Despite the benefits of outreach programs, challenges remain. A report

by the National Institute of Justice (2021) highlights that many police

departments face budget constraints that limit their ability to sustain

community

engagement efforts. Additionally, the report suggests that inadequate staffing

and training further exacerbate these challenges.

Cultural Sensitivity

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 Cultural competence is critical for effective community outreach.

Medina (2019) emphasizes that police officers must be trained to understand

and respect the diverse backgrounds within their communities. A lack of

cultural awareness can lead to misunderstandings and erode trust between

police and community members.

Evaluating Effectiveness

Evaluating the effectiveness of outreach initiatives is crucial to ensuring

accountability and continuous improvement. The Community Relations

Institute (2023) proposes a framework that includes qualitative feedback from

community members, quantitative crime data, and public trust assessments

as key success indicators.

Community-Led Initiatives

Emerging research highlights the importance of community-led

initiatives in fostering safety and order. A study by Chappell and Lanza-

Kaduce (2022) suggests that involving community members in designing and

implementing outreach programs can lead to more meaningful engagement

and improved outcomes. This participatory model empowers residents and

encourages ownership of safety initiatives.

Mental Health and Wellbeing

Recent studies have also addressed the intersection of community

outreach and mental health. According to a study by O'Connor et al. (2023),

integrating mental health support into community policing initiatives can

enhance community safety. Programs that include mental health resources

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address immediate safety concerns and promote long-term community

wellbeing.

The Role of Community Partnerships in Policing

Kearns, A., & Tunstall, R. (2018). "Community Partnerships and the

Challenges of Police Engagement." This study discusses the importance of

community partnerships in effective policing but highlights barriers such as

distrust, inadequate collaboration frameworks, and differing priorities between

police and community organizations, which can hinder outreach efforts.

Restorative Justice Approaches

Restorative justice frameworks are gaining attention as effective

strategies within community outreach. According to Tyler (2020), these

approaches facilitate dialogue between victims, offenders, and community

members, promoting healing and reconciliation. Implementing restorative

practices in outreach can strengthen community ties and enhance trust in law

enforcement.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

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 This chapter presents the study's design, as well as a description of the

participants, the data collection method, and the data analysis that will be

used.

Research Design

This study will employ a qualitative research design, which is a case

study approach, to gain an in-depth understanding of the peace and order

situation in Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental, through the lens

of the Police Community Relations Officer (PCRO). The case study approach

allows for a focused examination of a single, bounded system (the barangay)

and the PCRO's role within it.

Qualitative research explores and provides deeper insights into real-

world problems by gathering participants' experiences, perceptions, and

behavior. It answers the hows and whys instead of how many or how much. It

could be structured as a stand-alone study, purely relying on qualitative data,

or part of mixed-methods research that combines qualitative and quantitative

data (Terry et al., 2022).

Research Participant

The primary participant in this study will be the Police Community

Relations Officer (PCRO), PCPL. Eugene B. Yaranon Jr., assigned in 1103rd

RMFB11MC at Barangay Sta. Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental. The PCRO's

perspective and experiences will be the central focus of this research.

Data Sources

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 This study will utilize multiple data sources to ensure an understanding

of the PCRO's perspective on peace and order. In-depth interviews will be

conducted with PCRO to explore their perceptions, experiences, challenges,

and successes in promoting peace and order through the program.

Data Collection

The researcher gathered data for the study through interviews and

self–made survey questionnaires as instrumentation used in the research

study. The following are the data collection methods that will be conducted

with sensitivity and respect:

Interviews. The interviews will be conducted in a private and comfortable

setting, allowing the PCRO to speak freely and openly about their experiences

and perspectives. This will foster a trusting environment conducive to sharing

valuable insights.

Document Analysis. Documents will be systematically analyzed using a

thematic approach to identify recurring themes, patterns, and insights into

peace and order within the community outreach program.

Role of the Researcher

The researchers will maintain a neutral and objective stance

throughout the study, ensuring that personal biases do not influence the data

collection or analysis. They will also strive to build rapport with the Police

Community Relations Officer (PCRO).

Ethical Consideration

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 In conducting this study on the impact of community outreach

programs on peace and order from the perspective of the Police Community

Relations Officer (PCRO) in Barangay Sta. Filomena, several ethical

considerations are paramount to ensure the integrity and respectfulness of the

research process.

Informed Consent: Before the commencement of interviews, the researchers

will obtain informed consent from the PCRO, PCPL Eugene B. Yaranon Jr.

The participant will be provided with detailed information about the study's

purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, ensuring they fully

understand their involvement. The PCRO will have the right to withdraw from

the study without any negative consequences.

Confidentiality: The researchers will prioritize the confidentiality of the

participant and any sensitive information shared during the interviews.

Personal identifiers will be removed from the data, and all recordings and

transcripts will be securely stored and accessible only to the researchers.

Findings will be reported in aggregate form to protect individual identities.

Respect and Sensitivity: Given the potential challenges and experiences

that the PCRO may discuss regarding their role and the community's peace

and order situation, the researchers will approach the interviews with

sensitivity and respect. The researchers will create a comfortable environment

that encourages open dialogue while being mindful of the participant's

emotional and psychological well-being.

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Neutrality and Objectivity: The researchers will maintain a neutral and

objective stance throughout the study, ensuring that personal biases do not

influence the data collection or analysis. This involves actively listening to the

participant's experiences without imposing pre-existing beliefs or

assumptions.

Ethical Approval: The researchers will seek approval from an ethics review

board or relevant authority to ensure the study adheres to established ethical

standards. This process will help identify potential ethical concerns in the

study design and data collection methods.

Impact on the Community: The researchers will consider the broader

implications of the research findings on the community and law enforcement

practices. Care will be taken to present results responsibly, recognizing that

recommendations may influence policies and practices in police-community

relations.

Feedback and Debriefing: After the completion of the study, the researchers

will offer to share the findings with the PCRO and relevant stakeholders. This

transparency fosters trust and acknowledges the PCRO's contributions to the

research process.

By adhering to these ethical considerations, the researchers aims to

conduct a respectful, trustworthy, and impactful study that contributes to

understanding and improving police-community relations in Barangay Sta.

Filomena, Cateel, Davao Oriental.

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