alforat University
College of engineering
The forth stage
Class (t ) Group 2
EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF
PH
Written by : alibaba
Other partners:
Saad
Zaher
Amer
Saad
Aim of Experiment :
To determine the PH of the given water sample with the stipulations as
per IS: 3025 (Part 11)-Reaffirmed 2002
INTRODUCTION
The term pH refers to the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a
solution and defined as the negative log of H' ions concentration in
water and wastewater. The values of pH 0 to a little less than 7 are
termed as acidic and the values of pH a little above 7 to 14 are termed
as basic. When the concentration of H and OH ions are equal then it is
termed as neutral pH.
Principle
The pH electrode used in the pH measurement is a combined
glass electrode. It consists of sensing half cell and reference half
cell, together form an electrode system. The sensing half cell is a
thin pH sensitive semi permeable membrane, separating two
solutions, viz, the outer solution, the sample to be analyzed and
the internal solution, enclosed inside the glass membrane and
has a known pH value. An electrical potential is developed inside
and another electrical potential is developed outside, the
difference in the potential is measured and is given as the pH of
the sample.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. pH meter
2. Standard flasks
3. Magnetic Stirrer
4. Funnel
5. Beaker
6. Wash Bottle
7. Tissue Paper
8. Forceps
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
1. Buffers Solutions of pH 4.01, 7.0 and 9.2
2. Potassium Chloride
3. Distilled Water
CALIBRATING THE INSTRUMENT
Using the buffer solutions calibrate the instrument.
Step 1 / In a 100 mL beaker take pH 9.2 buffer solution and place
it in a magnetic stirrer, insert the teflon coated stirring bar and stir
well. Now place the electrode in the beaker containing the stirred
buffer and check for the reading in the pH meter.
If the instrument is not showing pH value of 9.2, using the
calibration knob adjust the reading to 9.2.
Take the electrode from the buffer, wash it with distilled water and
then wipe gently with soft tissue.
Step 2
In a 100 mL beaker take pH 7.0 buffer solution and place it in a
magnetic stirrer, insert the teflon coated stirring bar and stir well.
Now place the electrode in the beaker containing the stirred buffer
and check for the reading in the pH meter.
If the instrument is not showing pH value of 7.0, using the
calibration knob adjust the reading to 7.0.
Take the electrode from the buffer, wash it with distilled water and
then wipe gently with soft tissue.
Step 3
In a 100 mL beaker take pH 4.0 buffer solution and place it in a
magnetic stirrer, insert the teflon coated stirring bar and stir well.
Now place the electrode in the beaker containing the stirred buffer
and check
for the reading in the pH meter. If the instrument is not showing
pH value of 4.0, using the calibration knob
adjust the reading to 4.0.
Take the electrode from the buffer, wash it with distilled water and
then wipe gently with soft tissue.
Now the instrument is calibrated.
CALCULATION
To determine the value of pH of the given water sample the
readings obtained are required to be tabulated
