Science and technology:

Science and technology are areas of knowledge and application that focus on the study,
understanding and manipulation of natural phenomena and technical processes to develop
practical solutions to human problems. Sciences explore the fundamental principles and laws
that govern the universe, while technologies apply this knowledge to create tools, systems and
methods to improve daily life, solve complex challenges and opening up new possibilities in
various fields such as health, energy, communications, environment and many more.

Engineer :

An engineer is a professional who specializes in designing, creating, implementing and

managing technical solutions to solve practical problems in various fields. Engineers apply
their knowledge of science, mathematics and technology to develop products, systems or
infrastructures that meet specific needs of society, while taking into account economic,
environmental and social constraints. They play an essential role in technological
development and innovation, thus contributing to progress and improving the quality of life.
1. Electronics

The electronics branch

Electronics is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design, development, manufacturing

and maintenance of electronic systems. Electronic systems can include components such as
integrated circuits, transistors, diodes, and sensors, as well as software to control these
components. Electronic systems can be found in many areas of industry, such as
telecommunications, information technology, defense, aerospace, automotive, healthcare,
energy and environment.

Applications in the electronics branch

The applications of the electronics industry are vast and touch virtually every aspect of our
daily lives. Here are some examples :

Telecommunications: Electronics engineers work in the development of wireless

communications systems such as cell phones, satellites, antennas, and communications
networks.

Information Technology: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of

computer systems such as computers, data storage systems, servers, and computer networks.

Defense: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of defense systems such
as surveillance systems, jamming systems, and explosive detection systems.

Aerospace: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of electronic systems
used in airplanes, satellites, space shuttles and air traffic control systems.

Automotive: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of electronic systems
for cars, such as navigation systems, climate control systems, and security systems.

Healthcare: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of medical devices
such as scanners, vital signs monitoring equipment, and diagnostic equipment.

Energy and environment: Electronics engineers work in the design and development of
electronic systems used in renewable energy, water and environmental management, and
waste management.
Electronic engineering careers

Electronic design engineer: the electronic design engineer works on the design of electronic
systems and integrated circuits.

Electronic Development Engineer: The Electronic Development Engineer works on the

development of electronic systems, from design to manufacturing. He/She is responsible for
implementing development strategies, designing electronic circuits, integrating systems and
validating finished products.

Electronic Test Engineer: The Electronic Test Engineer is responsible for validating and
verifying electronic systems using advanced testing tools. He/She must ensure that products
meet performance, reliability and quality specifications.

Electronic Maintenance Engineer: The electronic maintenance engineer is responsible for

maintaining, repairing and updating electronic systems. He/She is responsible for
troubleshooting system problems and outages.

Electronic Security Engineer: Electronic Security Engineer works on the design and
development of electronic security systems such as video surveillance systems, access control
systems, alarm systems and door detection systems.

Embedded Systems Engineer: The embedded systems engineer works on the design and
development of electronic systems integrated into devices such as cars, airplanes, robots, and
industrial equipment.

Telecommunications Engineer: The telecommunications engineer works on the design and

development of communications systems such as mobile phone networks, fiber optic
networks, and satellite communications systems.
2. Electrotechnical branch

The electrotechnical branch

The electrotechnical field is a branch of engineering that deals with electrical and
electromechanical systems, including the production, transmission and distribution of
electrical energy, electrical machines, control systems, protection systems and systems
automation. It is essential for the provision of electricity, which is a basic necessity for
modern daily life.

Applications in the electrotechnical branch:

The applications of the electrotechnical sector are vast and varied. They include:

Power generation: Electrical engineers work on the design and development of power plants,
wind turbines, solar panels and other renewable energy sources.

Electrical power transmission and distribution: Electrical engineers work on the design and
implementation of electrical networks to transport electricity from power plants to consumers.

Electrical machines: Electrical engineers work on the design and manufacture of electrical
machines such as electric motors, generators and transformers.

Control systems: Electrical engineers work on the design and development of control systems
for electrical machines, industrial processes and air conditioning systems.

Protection systems: Electrical engineers work on the design and development of protection
systems for electrical machines and power networks to prevent overloads, short circuits and
other potential failures.

Automation systems: Electrical engineers work on the design and development of automation
systems for industrial processes, air conditioning systems and building control systems.

Electrical engineering professions:

Energy engineer: the energy engineer works on the production, transmission and distribution
of electrical energy. He/She is responsible for the design and implementation of electrical
networks and renewable energy sources.
Electrical Machine Engineer: The electrical machine engineer works on the design and
manufacturing of electrical machines such as electric motors, generators, and transformers.
He/She is responsible for the design of efficient and economical electrical machines.

Power Electronics Engineer: The power electronics engineer works on the design and
implementation of electrical energy conversion systems such as inverters, converters and
power supplies.

Process Control Engineer: The process control engineer works on the design and
implementation of control systems for industrial processes. He/She is responsible for
optimizing manufacturing processes for efficient and profitable production.

Automation Engineer: The automation engineer works on the design and implementation of
automation systems for industrial processes, air conditioning systems and building control
systems. He/She is responsible for optimizing systems for efficient use of energy.

Power System Protection Engineer: The power system protection engineer works on the
design and implementation of protection systems for electrical machines and power networks
to prevent overloads, short circuits and others potential failures.

Electrical Installation Engineer: The electrical installation engineer works on the design and
implementation of electrical systems for buildings, factories and industrial facilities. He/She is
responsible for the installation of safe and efficient electrical systems.
3. The telecommunications branch

The telecommunications branch

The telecommunications sector can be defined as all the techniques used for the transmission
of information at a distance.

Applications in the telecommunications branch:

The telecommunications industry is used in a wide range of areas, including:

Mobile telephony: mobile telephone networks enable voice communication and wireless data
transmission.

Data networks: Data networks allow the transmission of data between computers and servers.

Fiber optic networks: Fiber optic networks are used for high-speed data transmission over
long distances.

Satellite networks: Satellite networks are used for long-distance data transmission.

Telecommunications engineering professions:

Telecommunications Network Engineer: The telecommunications network engineer works on

the design, implementation and maintenance of telecommunications networks, such as mobile
telephone networks, data networks, fiber optic networks and satellite networks.

Communications Systems Engineer: The communications systems engineer works on the

design, implementation, and maintenance of communications systems, such as voice
communications systems and data transmission systems.

Network Security Engineer: The network security engineer works on protecting

telecommunications networks against attacks and threats.

Electronic Circuit Design Engineer: The electronic circuit design engineer works on the
design of electronic circuits for telecommunications systems.

Software Development Engineer: The software development engineer works on the design
and development of software for telecommunications systems.
Technical Support Engineer: The technical support engineer works on solving technical
problems related to telecommunications systems.

4. The automation branch:

The automation branch:

The automation sector can be defined as all the techniques used for the design,
implementation and optimization of automated systems.

Applications of the automation branch:

The automation sector is used in many fields, including:

Industrial processes: the automation sector is used to automate industrial production

processes, such as assembly lines, chemical processing plants and refineries.

Transport systems: the automation sector is used for the design of road traffic control systems,
automated public transport systems and maritime navigation control systems.

Energy production systems: the automation sector is used for the design and optimization of
energy production systems, such as power plants, wind turbines and solar panels.

Automatic engineering professions:

Process Control Engineer: The process control engineer works on the design, implementation
and optimization of industrial process control systems.

Robotics engineer: the robotics engineer works on the design, implementation and
programming of industrial robots to automate production processes.

Embedded Systems Design Engineer: The Embedded Systems Design Engineer works on the
design of embedded electronic systems for automated applications.

Road Traffic Control Engineer: The Road Traffic Control Engineer works on the design and
implementation of road traffic control systems to improve safety and traffic flow.

Renewable Energy Production Engineer: The Renewable Energy Production Engineer works
on the design and optimization of renewable energy production systems, such as wind
turbines and solar panels.
5. The electromechanical branch:

The electromechanical branch:

The electromechanical sector can be defined as the combination of electricity and mechanics
skills for the design and manufacture of electromechanical machines and systems.

Applications of the electromechanical sector:

The electromechanical sector is used in many fields, including:

Manufacturing industry: The electromechanical sector is used for the design and manufacture
of machines for the manufacturing industry, such as machine tools, presses, transport systems
and processing systems.

The aerospace industry: the electromechanical sector is used for the design and manufacture
of electromechanical components for airplanes, satellites and other spacecraft.

The automotive industry: The electromechanical sector is used for the design and manufacture
of production control systems and components for automotive vehicles, such as engines,
transmissions and braking systems.

Electromechanical engineering professions:

Mechanical Design Engineer: The mechanical design engineer works on the design of
machines and mechanical systems for electromechanical applications.

Electrical Design Engineer: The electrical design engineer works on the design of electrical
circuits and systems for electromechanical applications.

Production Control and Management Engineer: The Production Control and Management
Engineer works on the design and implementation of production control and management
systems for manufacturing and other industries.

Electromechanical Maintenance Engineer: The Electromechanical Maintenance Engineer

works on the maintenance, repair and upgrade of electromechanical machines and systems.

Power Generation Engineer: The power generation engineer works on the design and
optimization of energy production systems, such as power plants and wind turbines.
6. The civil engineering branch:

The civil engineering branch:

The civil engineering sector is a discipline that deals with the design, construction,
maintenance and management of infrastructure and building projects. Civil engineering
projects can include bridges, roads, tunnels, buildings, dams, canals and water management
projects.

Applications in the civil engineering sector:

The civil engineering sector is used in many fields, including:

Building construction: Civil engineers work on the design and construction of buildings such
as homes, skyscrapers, hospitals, schools and office buildings.

Transportation infrastructure: Civil engineers design and build roads, bridges, tunnels,
airports, railways and ports.

Water management projects: Civil engineers work on water management projects such as
dams, irrigation systems, sewage treatment plants and water supply networks.

Civil engineering professions:

Structural Design Engineer: The structural design engineer works on the design of building
structures, bridges, and other engineering projects.

Construction Engineer: The construction engineer is responsible for planning and carrying out
construction projects, supervising teams of construction workers.

Geotechnical Engineer: The geotechnical engineer works on the design and analysis of
projects involving soils and foundations.

Project Management Engineer: The project management engineer is responsible for the
planning, coordination and supervision of civil engineering projects.

Hydraulic Engineer: The hydraulic engineer works on the design and construction of projects
related to water management, such as dams, canals and sewage treatment plants.
7. The public works branch:

The public works branch:

The public works sector is a discipline which deals with the design, construction, maintenance
and management of infrastructure and urban development projects. Public works projects can
include roads, bridges, tunnels, public buildings, parks, green spaces and water management
projects.

Applications in the public works sector:

The public works sector is used in many areas, including:

Road construction: Public works engineers work on the design and construction of roads,
expressways and highways.

Urban infrastructure: public works engineers design and construct public buildings, stadiums,
parking lots, playgrounds, green spaces and water and electricity supply networks.

Public transportation projects: Public works engineers work on public transportation projects
such as trams, subways and high-level of service buses.

Public works engineer professions:

Engineer in design and construction of public works: the engineer in design and construction
of public works works on the design and construction of public works projects, using CAD
and 3D modeling tools to visualize the projects.

Project Management Engineer: The Project Management Engineer is responsible for planning,
coordinating and supervising public works projects, ensuring that deadlines and budgets are
met.

Civil engineer: the civil engineer works on infrastructure construction projects and urban
developments such as bridges, tunnels and transportation networks.

Geotechnical Engineer: The geotechnical engineer works on the design and analysis of
projects involving soils and foundations.
Environmental engineer: the environmental engineer works on the design of waste
management, water and air treatment and environmental protection projects.

8. The hydraulic branch:

The hydraulic branch:

The hydraulic sector is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, management and
maintenance of water-related projects. Water projects may include dams, canals, sewage
treatment plants, water distribution networks, irrigation systems, port facilities, flood
protection projects and hydroelectric power stations.

Applications of the hydraulic sector:

The hydraulic sector is used in many areas, including:

Water resource management: Hydraulic engineers work on water resource management,

ensuring that water is available in sufficient quantity and quality to meet human and industrial
needs.

Energy production: Hydraulic engineers work on the design and construction of hydroelectric
plants to produce renewable energy from the power of water.

Flood protection: Hydraulic engineers work on the design and construction of flood protection
systems to minimize the risk of flooding.

Hydraulic engineering professions:

Engineer in the design and construction of hydraulic structures: the engineer in the design and
construction of hydraulic structures works on the design and construction of hydraulic
projects, using modeling and simulation tools to evaluate the performance of structures.

Hydraulic Project Management Engineer: The Hydraulic Project Management Engineer is

responsible for planning, coordinating and supervising hydraulic projects, ensuring that
deadlines and budgets are met.

Hydrology Engineer: The hydrology engineer works on the management of water resources,
assessing the quantities and qualities of available water and designing systems for the
collection, storage and distribution of water.
Flood Protection Engineer: The flood protection engineer works on the design and
construction of flood protection systems, such as dams, levees and canals.

Water Power Engineer: The water power engineer works on the design and construction of
hydroelectric power plants to produce renewable energy from the power of water.
9. The mechanical engineering branch:

The mechanical engineering branch:

The mechanical engineering sector is a field of engineering concerned with the design,
manufacture, installation and maintenance of mechanical systems. Mechanical engineers work
on projects that involve creating and improving machines, equipment, and mechanical
systems. They use knowledge of physics, mathematics and materials science to design
products and systems that meet performance, safety and cost requirements.

Applications of the mechanical engineering sector:

The mechanical engineering major is used in many industries, including automotive,

aerospace, energy, shipbuilding, medical technology, manufacturing, defense and many more.
Mechanical engineers may work on projects in product design and development,
manufacturing, maintenance, and quality control.

Engineering professions in mechanical engineering:

There are many engineering careers in mechanical engineering, including:

Mechanical design engineer: designs mechanical products such as machines, equipment, tools
and components.

Manufacturing Engineer: He is responsible for the manufacturing and production of

mechanical products using advanced manufacturing techniques.

Quality engineer: he ensures that mechanical products meet the required quality, safety and
performance standards.

Maintenance Engineer: He is responsible for the maintenance and repair of machines and
mechanical equipment.

Project management engineer: he is responsible for the coordination and management of

projects related to the design, manufacturing and maintenance of mechanical products.
10. The energy engineering:

The energy engineering branch:

The energy sector is a field of engineering concerned with the production, distribution and
consumption of energy. Energy engineers work on projects that involve the use of different
energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, nuclear energy, thermal energy
and many more . They use knowledge of physics, mathematics, chemistry and technology to
design, develop and implement efficient and sustainable energy systems.

Applications in the energy sector:

The energy sector is used in many sectors, including industry, transport, utilities, power
generation and buildings. Energy engineers may work on projects in the design and
development of energy systems, energy distribution, power generation, and energy
management.

Energy engineering professions:

There are many energy engineering professions, including:

Renewable energy engineer: works on the design and development of renewable energy
systems such as solar energy, wind energy and hydropower.

Nuclear energy engineer: he works on the design, maintenance and safety of nuclear power
plants and nuclear reactors.

Energy Efficiency Engineer: works on the design and optimization of energy systems to
reduce energy consumption and energy costs.

Power generation engineer: works on the design and development of power generation
systems such as power plants and gas turbines.

Energy management engineer: he works on the management and optimization of energy use
in buildings, factories and industries.
11. The aeronautics branch:

The aeronautics branch:

The aeronautics sector is an industrial sector which concerns the design, manufacturing,
assembly and maintenance of planes, helicopters, satellites, drones and space systems. It is
divided into two main branches: civil aeronautics and military aeronautics. Civil aeronautics
focuses on the design, manufacturing and maintenance of commercial aircraft, while military
aeronautics focuses on the design and manufacturing of fighter aircraft, helicopters and
military drones.

Applications in the aeronautical sector:

Applications in the aeronautical sector are very diverse and affect different areas such as
transport, defense, security, telecommunications, earth observations, weather forecasts and
many others.

Aeronautical engineering professions:

Design engineer: The design engineer is responsible for the design and development of new
aeronautical products. He works closely with other engineers and technicians to create
innovative, safe and effective products.

Structural Engineer: The structural engineer is responsible for the design and development of
aircraft structures. He must ensure that the structure is sufficiently strong to withstand the
aerodynamic and mechanical stresses to which it will be subjected in flight.

Systems Engineer: The systems engineer is responsible for the design and development of on-
board systems on aircraft, such as navigation systems, communications systems, hydraulic
and electrical systems, and flight control systems.

Quality engineer: The quality engineer is responsible for implementing and monitoring
quality procedures to guarantee compliance of aeronautical products with current standards. It
must also ensure compliance with product safety and reliability standards.
Maintenance engineer: The maintenance engineer is responsible for aircraft maintenance. He
must ensure that aircraft are regularly inspected and maintained to ensure their safety and
reliability.

12. The process engineering:

The process engineering branch:

Process engineering is a scientific and technical discipline that deals with the design,
development, optimization and control of industrial processes. This discipline is based on
knowledge of physicochemical phenomena and mastery of engineering tools.

Applications of the process engineering sector:

Process engineering is used in a wide variety of industries, such as petrochemicals,

pharmaceuticals, food processing, plastics industry, textile industry, cosmetics industry and
many others. Process engineers are responsible for the design, implementation, optimization
and monitoring of production processes in these industries.

Process engineering professions:

Process engineers work in many industrial sectors. They can work as production engineers,
research and development engineers, quality engineers, environmental engineers, safety
engineers and methods engineers. They are responsible for the design, implementation,
optimization and monitoring of production processes. They must also ensure compliance with
environmental and safety standards. The skills required for process engineers include a strong
background in science and engineering, in-depth knowledge of industrial processes, the ability
to work in a team, creativity, and the ability to problem solve.