Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61

Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F

Subpart F
Airline Transport Pilots

61.151 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of airline transport pilot
licenses and ratings, the conditions under which those licenses and ratings are necessary,
and the general operating rules for persons who hold those licenses and ratings.

61.153 Eligibility requirements: General.

To be eligible for an airline transport pilot license, a person must:
(a) Be at least 21 years of age;
(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant
is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the ECAA
may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot license as are
necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft;
(c) Be of good moral character;
(d) Meet at least one of the following requirements:
(1) Hold at least a commercial pilot license and an instrument rating;
(2) Meet the military experience requirements under section 61.73 of this part to
qualify for a commercial pilot license, and an instrument rating if the person is
a rated military pilot or former rated military pilot of an Armed Force of the
Arab Republic of Egypt; or
(3) Hold either a foreign airline transport pilot or foreign commercial pilot license
and an instrument rating, without limitations, issued by a contracting State to
the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
(e) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the
aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;
(f) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c) of
this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;
(g) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in section 61.157(e) of this
part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and
(h) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class
rating sought.

61.155 Aeronautical knowledge.

(a) General. The knowledge test for an airline transport pilot license is based on the
aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph (c) of this section that are
appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
(b) Aircraft type rating. A person who is applying for an additional aircraft type
rating to be added to an airline transport pilot license is not required to pass a
knowledge test if that person's airline transport pilot license lists the aircraft
category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.
(c) Aeronautical knowledge areas.
(1) Air law. Rules and regulations relevant to the holder of an airline transport pilot
licence rules of the air; appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;
(2) Aircraft general knowledge;
(i) general characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic,
pressurization and other systems; flight control systems, including autopilot
and stability augmentation;
(ii) principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of
power plants; effects of atmospheric conditions on engine performance;
relevant operational information from the flight manual or other
appropriate document;
(iii) operating procedures and limitations of appropriate effects of atmospheric
conditions on performance;
(iv) use and serviceability checks of equipment and systems.
(v) flight instruments; compasses, turning and acceleration
errors; gyroscopic instruments, operational limits and
precession effects; practices and procedures in the event of
malfunctions of various flight instruments;
(vi) maintenance procedures for airframes, systems and power plants.

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
(3) Flight performance and planning
(i) effects of loading and mass distribution on handling, flight characteristics
and performance; mass and balance calculations;
(ii) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance
data, including procedures for cruise control;
(iii) pre-flight and en-route operational flight planning; preparation and filing
of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services
procedures; altimeter setting procedures;
(4) Human performance. Relevant to the airline transport pilot license;
(5) Meteorology
(i) interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports,
charts and forecasts; codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for
obtaining, meteorological information, pre-flight and in-flight; altimetry;
(ii) aeronautical meteorology; climatologic of relevant areas in respect of the
elements having an effect upon aviation; the movement of pressure
systems; the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of
significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing
conditions;
(iii) causes, recognition and effects of engine and airframe
icing; frontal zone penetration procedures; hazardous
weather avoidance;
(iv) practical high altitude meteorology, including interpretation and use of
weather reports, charts and forecasts; jet streams;
(6) Navigation
(i) Air navigation, including the use of aeronautical charts, radio navigation
aids and area navigation systems; specific navigation requirements for
long-range flights;
(ii) Use, limitation and serviceability of avionics and instruments necessary
for control and navigation .
(iii) Use, accuracy and reliability of navigation systems used in departure, en-
route, approach and landing phases of flight; identification of radio
navigation aids;
(iv) Principles and characteristics of self-contained and external-referenced
navigation systems; operation of airborne equipment;
(7) Operational procedures
(i) interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP,
NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations, and instrument procedure
charts for departure, en-route, descent and approach;
(ii) precautionary and emergency procedures; safety practices associated with
flight under IFR;
(iii) operational procedures for carriage of freight and dangerous goods;
(iv) requirements and practices for safety briefing to passengers, including
precautions to be observed when embarking and disembarking .
(8) Principles of flight subsonic aerodynamics; compressibility effects, maneuver
boundary limits, wing design characteristics, effects of supplementary lift and
drag devices; relationships between lift, drag and thrust at various airspeeds and
in different flight configurations;
(9) Radiotelephony procedures and phraseology; action to be taken in case of
communication failure.

61.157 Flight proficiency.

(a) General.
(1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot license is given for:
(i) An airplane category and single-engine class rating;
(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating;
(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating;
(iv) A powered-lift category rating; and
(v) An aircraft type rating for the category and class ratings listed in
paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (a)(1)(iv) of this section.
(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot practical test must meet:
(i) The eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part; and

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 Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61
Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F
(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience requirements of
this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.
(b) Aircraft type rating. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a person
who is applying for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot
license:
(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor
on the areas of operation in this section that apply to the aircraft type rating
sought;
(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying
that the applicant completed the training on the areas of operation listed in
paragraph (e) of this section that apply to the aircraft type rating sought; and
(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions,
unless the aircraft's type certificate makes the aircraft incapable of operating
under instrument flight rules. If the practical test cannot be accomplished for
this reason, the person may obtain a type rating limited to “VFR only.” The
“VFR only” limitation may be removed for that aircraft type when the person
passes the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions.
(c) Exceptions. A person who is applying for an aircraft type rating to be added to an
airline transport pilot license or an aircraft type rating concurrently with an airline
transport pilot license, and who is an employee of a certificate holder operating
under part 121 of the ECARs, need not comply with the requirements of paragraph
(b) of this section if the applicant presents a training record that shows satisfactory
completion of that certificate holder's or program manager's approved pilot-in-
command training program for the aircraft type rating sought.
(d) Upgrading type ratings. Any type rating(s) on the pilot license of an applicant who
successfully completes an airline transport pilot practical test shall be included on
the airline transport pilot license with the privileges and limitations of the airline
transport pilot license, provided the applicant passes the practical test in the same
category and class of aircraft for which the applicant holds the type rating(s).
However, if a type rating for that category and class of aircraft on the superseded
pilot license is limited to VFR, that limitation shall be carried forward to the
person's airline transport pilot license level.
(e) Areas of operation.
(1) For an airplane category—single-engine class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures including the preparation of the
operational flight plan and filing of the air traffic services
flight plan;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to
instrument flight on take-off;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures;
(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination,
including allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and
use of checklists; and
(x) Post flight procedures.
(2) For an airplane category—multiengine class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures including the preparation of the operational flight
plan and filing of the air traffic services flight plan;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to instrument flight on
take-off;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures;

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination, including
allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and
(x) Post flight procedures.
(3) For a powered-lift category rating:
(i) Preflight preparation;
(ii) Preflight procedures;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers;
(v) Instrument procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and
(ix) Post flight procedures.
(4) For a rotorcraft category—helicopter class rating:
(i) Preflight preparation including the use of the flight manual or equivalent
document, and appropriate air traffic services documents in the preparation
of an IFR flight plan s;
(ii) Preflight procedures including pre-flight inspection, use of checklists,
taxiing and pretake-off check;
(iii) Takeoff and departure phase including transition to instrument flight on
take-off;
(iv) In-flight maneuvers including particular flight characteristics;
(v) Instrument procedures including en-route IFR procedures;
(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;
(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;
(viii) Emergency procedures; and if appropriate, operation of a multi-engined
helicopter solely by reference to instruments with one engine inoperative or
simulated inoperative;
(ix) procedures for crew incapacitation and crew coordination, including
allocation of pilot tasks, crew cooperation and use of checklists; and
(x) Post flight procedures.
(f) Proficiency checks conducted under part 121.
(1) Successful completion of A proficiency check under section
121.441 of the ECARs.
(2) The check specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section must be conducted by an
authorized designated pilot examiner or ECAA aviation safety inspector.
(g) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for an airplane rating. If a flight
simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and
the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with an airplane
category, class, and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and
flight training device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that
airplane type if the rating involves a type rating in an airplane, or is
representative of an airplane if the applicant is only seeking an
airplane class rating and does not require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in
accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated
under part 142 of the ECARs.
(3) All training and testing (except preflight inspection) must be
accomplished by the applicant to receive an airplane class rating
and type rating, if applicable, without limitations and:
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or Level D;
and
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of
section 61.159 of this part and at least one of the following:
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane
for which the type rating is sought, or have been designated by a
military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same class
of airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbojet type rating
is sought;

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 Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61
Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F
(B) Hold a type rating for a turbo propeller airplane of the same class as
the airplane for which the type rating is sought, or have been appointed
by a military service as a pilot in command of an airplane of the same
class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, if a turbo propeller
airplane type rating is sought;
(C) Have at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be
in turbine-powered airplanes of the same class as the airplane for
which the type rating is sought;
(D) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane as
the airplane for which the type rating is sought; or
(E) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
airplanes requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (g)(5) of this section, an applicant who
does not meet the requirements of paragraph (g)(3) of this section may complete
all training and testing (except for preflight inspection) for an additional rating
if:
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section
61.159 of this part and at least one of the following:
(A) Holds a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane if a type rating in a
turbojet airplane is sought, or holds a type rating in a turbojet airplane
if a type rating in a propeller-driven airplane is sought;
(B) Since the beginning of the 12th calendar month
before the month in which the applicant completes
the practical test for the additional rating, has
logged:
(1) At least 100 hours of flight time in airplanes in the same class as
the airplane for which the type rating is sought and which requires
a type rating; and
(2) At least 25 hours of flight time in airplanes of the same type for
which the type rating is sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(4)(ii)(A) and (B)
of this section will be issued an additional rating, or an airline transport pilot
license with an added rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation
shall state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the
additional rating.”
(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in
paragraph (g)(5) of this section:
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the license; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(ii)(A)
through (E) or (g)(4)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline
transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful
completion of one of the following requirements:
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that
includes all training and testing for that license or rating,
followed by training and testing on the following tasks,
which must be successfully completed on a static airplane
or in flight, as appropriate:
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff;
(C) Normal ILS approach;
(D) Missed approach; and
(E) Normal landing.

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
(ii) An approved course at a part 142 training center that complies with
paragraphs (g)(8) and (g)(9) of this section and includes all training and
testing for a license or rating.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (g)(7)(ii) of this
section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license
with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall
state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional
rating.”
(9) An applicant issued a pilot license with the limitation specified in
paragraph (g)(8) of this section:
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the certificate; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an airplane of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(h) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a helicopter rating. If a flight
simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and
the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with a helicopter class
rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and flight
training device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that helicopter
type if the rating involves a type rating in a helicopter, or is representative of a
helicopter if the applicant is only seeking a helicopter class rating and does not
require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in accordance with
an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of the
ECARs.
(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection) must be
accomplished by the applicant to receive a helicopter class rating and type
rating, if applicable, without limitations and:
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as a Level C or Level
D; and
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience requirements of
section 61.161 of this part and at least one of the following:
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered helicopter, or have been
designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-
powered helicopter, if a turbine-powered helicopter type rating is
sought;
(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be
in turbine-powered helicopters;
(C) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type helicopter as
the helicopter for which the type rating is sought; or
(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
helicopters requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (h)(5) of this section, an
applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3) of
this section may complete all training and testing (except for
preflight inspection) for an additional rating if:
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section
61.161 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month
before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the
additional rating, has logged:
(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in helicopters; and
(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in helicopters of the same type of
helicopter for which the type rating is sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(4)(ii) (A) and (B)
of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot

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 Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61
Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F
license with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”
(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in
paragraph (h)(5) of this section:
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the helicopter for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the license; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a helicopter of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii) (A)
through (D), or (h)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline
transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful
completion of one of the following requirements:
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all training
and testing for that license or rating, followed by training and testing on
the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a static
aircraft or in flight, as appropriate:
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;
(C) Manually flown precision approach; and
(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport heliport; or
(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and testing
for that certificate or rating and compliance with paragraphs (h)(8) and
(h)(9) of this section.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (h)(7)(ii) of this
section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license
with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall
state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional
rating.”
(9) An applicant issued a license with the limitation specified in paragraph (h)(8) of
this section:
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the license; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in an aircraft of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(i) Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for a powered-lift rating. If a flight
simulator or flight training device is used for accomplishing all of the training and
the required practical test for an airline transport pilot license with a powered-lift
category rating and type rating, if applicable, the applicant, flight simulator, and
flight training device are subject to the following requirements:
(1) The flight simulator and flight training device must represent that powered-lift
type, if the rating involves a type rating in a powered-lift, or is representative of
a powered-lift if the applicant is only seeking a powered-lift category rating and
does not require a type rating.
(2) The flight simulator and flight training device must be used in accordance with
an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of the
ECARs.
(3) All training and testing requirements (except preflight inspection) must be
accomplished by the applicant to receive a powered-lift category rating and type
rating, if applicable, without limitations; and:
(i) The flight simulator must be qualified and approved as Level C or Level D;
and

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
(ii) The applicant must meet the aeronautical experience
requirements of section 61.163 of this part and at least
one of the following:
(A) Hold a type rating for a turbine-powered powered-lift, or have been
designated by a military service as a pilot in command of a turbine-
powered powered-lift, if a turbine-powered powered-lift type rating is
sought;
(B) Have at least 1,200 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours must be
in turbine-powered powered-lifts;
(C) Have at least 500 hours of flight time in the same type of powered-lift
for which the type rating is sought; or
(D) Have at least 1,000 hours of flight time in at least two different
powered-lifts requiring a type rating.
(4) Subject to the limitation of paragraph (i)(5) of this section, an applicant who
does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3) of this section may complete
all training and testing (except for preflight inspection) for an additional rating
if:
(i) The flight simulator is qualified and approved as Level C or Level D; and
(ii) The applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements of section
61.163 of this part and, since the beginning of the 12th calendar month
before the month in which the applicant completes the practical test for the
additional rating, has logged:
(A) At least 100 hours of flight time in powered-lifts; and
(B) At least 15 hours of flight time in powered-lifts of the same type of
powered-lift for the type rating sought.
(5) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(4)(ii) (A) and (B)
of this section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot
license with a limitation. The limitation shall state: “This license is subject to
pilot-in-command limitations for the additional rating.”
(6) An applicant who has been issued a license with the limitation specified in
paragraph (i)(5) of this section:
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the powered-lift for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the license; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 15 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(7) An applicant who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (i)(3)(ii) (A)
through (D) or (i)(4)(ii) (A) and (B) of this section may be issued an airline
transport pilot license or an additional rating to that pilot license after successful
completion of one of the following requirements:
(i) An approved course at a part 142 training center that includes all training
and testing for that license or rating, followed by training and testing on
the following tasks, which must be successfully completed on a static
aircraft or in flight, as appropriate:
(A) Preflight inspection;
(B) Normal takeoff from a hover;
(C) Manually flown precision approach; and
(D) Steep approach and landing to an off-airport site; or
(ii) An approved course at a training center that includes all training and testing
for that license or rating and is in compliance with paragraphs (i)(8) and
(i)(9) of this section.
(8) An applicant meeting only the requirements of paragraph (i)(7)(ii) of this
section will be issued an additional rating or an airline transport pilot license
with an additional rating, as applicable, with a limitation. The limitation shall
state: “This license is subject to pilot-in-command limitations for the additional
rating.”
(9) An applicant issued a pilot license with the limitation specified in
paragraph (i)(8) of this section:

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 Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61
Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F
(i) May not act as pilot in command of the aircraft for which an additional
rating was obtained under the provisions of this section until the limitation
is removed from the license; and
(ii) May have the limitation removed by accomplishing 25 hours of supervised
operating experience as pilot in command under the supervision of a
qualified and current pilot in command, in the seat normally occupied by
the pilot in command, in a powered-lift of the same type for which the
limitation applies.
(j) Waiver authority. Unless the ECAA requires certain or all tasks to be performed, the
examiner who conducts the practical test for an airline transport pilot license may
waive any of the tasks for which the ECAA approves waiver authority.

61.159 Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.

(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, a person
who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with an airplane
category and class rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a
pilot that includes at least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time.
(2) 100 hours of night flight time.
(3) 75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument conditions,
subject to the following:
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section, an applicant may
not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument
time in a flight simulator or flight training device.
(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training
device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of
paragraph (a)(3) of this section if the training was accomplished in a
course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of the
ECARs.
(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be
accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device, representing an
airplane.
(4) 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command, or as second in
command performing the duties of pilot in command while under the
supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes
at least:
(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and
(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.
(5) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight simulator or flight
training device that represents an airplane, provided the aeronautical experience
was obtained in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated
under part 142 of the ECARs.
(b) A person who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop
may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for 1 hour of
night flight time to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section;
however, not more than 25 hours of night flight time may be credited in this
manner.
(c) A commercial pilot may credit the following second-in-command flight
time flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot required by
paragraph (a) of this section, provided the time is acquired in an airplane:
(1) Required to have more than one pilot flight crewmember by the airplane's flight
manual, type certificate, or the regulations under which the flight is being
conducted;
(2) Engaged in operations under part 121 of the ECARs for which a second in
command is required; or
(3) That is required by the operating rules of the ECARs to have more than one
pilot flight crewmember.
(4) Except for flight time gained as second in command performing the duties of
pilot-in command while under the supervision of a pilot in command, not more
than 50 percent of the second –in-command time credited under this paragraph

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
may be credited towards the 1500 hours of total time as a pilot required by
paragraph (a) of this section.
(5) A maximum of 150 hours as flight time gained as sedcond-in-
command performing the duties of pilot-in-command while umder
the supervision of a pilot in command, may be credited towards the
1500 hours of total time ad a pilot required by paragraph (a ) of this
section
(d) An applicant may be issued an airline transport pilot license with the endorsement,
“Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience requirements
of ICAO,” as prescribed by Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil
Aviation, if the applicant:
(1) Credits second-in-command time under paragraph (c) of this section toward the
1,500 hours total flight time requirement of paragraph (a) of this section;
(2) Does not have at least 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot, including no more
than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command time; and
(3) Otherwise meets the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.
(e) When the applicant specified in paragraph (d) of this section presents satisfactory
evidence of the accumulation of 1,200 hours of flight time as a pilot including no
more than 50 percent of his or her second-in-command flight time, the applicant is
entitled to an airline transport pilot license without the endorsement prescribed in
that paragraph.

61.161 Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with a rotorcraft
category and helicopter class rating, must have at least 1,200 hours of total time as a
pilot that includes at least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;
(2) 100 hours of night flight time, of which 15 hours are in helicopters;
(3) 200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at least 75 hours as a
pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in
command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination
thereof; and
(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument
meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are obtained in flight with
at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot in command, or as second in command
performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in
command, or any combination thereof.
(b) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the
instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section, subject to the
following:
(1) Training in a flight simulator or a flight training device must be accomplished
in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a rotorcraft.
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an applicant may receive
credit for not more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a
flight simulator and flight training device.
(3) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training
device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of
paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the aeronautical experience is accomplished in
an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of
this chapter.

61.163 Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.

(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot license with a powered-lift
category rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at
least:
(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;
(2) 100 hours of night flight time;
(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a pilot in command, or as a second in command
performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in
command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least:
(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and

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 Arab Republic of Egypt ECAR Part 61
Ministry of Civil Aviation Subpart F
(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.
(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument conditions,
subject to the following:
(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, an applicant may
not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument
time in a flight simulator or flight training device.
(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or
flight training device may be credited toward the
instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of
this section if the training was accomplished in a course
conducted by a training center certificated under part 142
of the ECARs.
(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be
accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a
powered-lift.
(b) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight simulator or flight training
device that represents a powered-lift, provided the aeronautical experience was
obtained in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under
part 142 of this chapter.
61.165 Additional aircraft category and class ratings.
(a) Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating. A person applying for an airline
transport license with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating who holds an
airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c)
of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.161 of
this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(4) of this
part.
(b) Airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating. A person applying for an
airline transport certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating
who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating
must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c)
of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of
this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(1) of this
part.
(c) Airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating. A person applying for an
airline transport license with an airplane category and multiengine class rating who
holds an airline transport license with another aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section 61.155(c)
of this part;
(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.159 of
this part; and
(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(2) of this
part.
(d) Powered-lift category. A person applying for an airline transport pilot license with a
powered-lift category rating who holds an airline transport license with another
aircraft category rating must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153 of this part;
(2) Pass a required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of section
61.155(c) of this part;

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 ECAR Part 61 Arab Republic of Egypt
Subpart F Ministry of Civil Aviation
(3) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;
(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of section 61.163 of
this part; and
(5) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e)(3)
of this part.
(e) Additional class rating within the same aircraft category. A person applying for an
airline transport license with an additional class rating who holds an airline transport
license in the same aircraft category must:
(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of section 61.153, except paragraph (f) of that
section;
(2) Comply with the requirements in section 61.157(b) of this part, if applicable;
(3) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of subpart F of this
part; and
(4) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation of section 61.157(e) appropriate to
the aircraft rating sought.

61.167 Privileges.
(a) A person who holds an airline transport pilot license is entitled to the same
privileges as those afforded a person who holds a commercial pilot license with an
instrument rating.
(b) An airline transport pilot may instruct Only as provided in this section when the
airline transport pilot holds a flight instructor license, in which case the holder may
exercise the instructor privileges of subpart G of part 61 for which he or she is rated
(c) An airline transport pilot may not instruct in Category II or Category III operations
unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested under Category II or
Category III operations, as applicable.

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