(According to Latest Syllabus)

By
Dr. Vishwambhar Prasad Sati

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

© Publishers

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 We are living at the edge of survivality. The huge and stalwart problems of environment, economic
development and backwardness of the region exit everywhere. There is straight cut line between higher
income people and lower income people. The competition in every respect is being increased, while the
opportunities are comparatively very low. Consequently, the rate of unemployment is being accelerated
at unexpected level, then a question arises here how to maintain the respectable position in the society.
Survival of the fittest is the law of nature and we always adapt to the nature in all walks of life. Our
social structure is also at a juncture from where we learn the said law. The society always respects
those who have the capacity to work hard and gain knowledge. No body worship the sinking Sun.
Now, at the present stage, competition is getting tough turn, as the number of competent is
unaccounted. We have also to select the nature of job. Job some kind of providing the way to the social
services, national services, bringing awareness among all the people, irrespective of their castes and
creeds. Educational profession leads almost all the qualities of human ethics and ethical values.
Particularly, the higher education has the charms of many kinds. Since, all the scientists, adminis-
trators, academicians, educationalists, leaders, journalists etc. come out from the benches of higher
education. It has been said that the students of today who are sitting on the benches of schools and
colleges are the leaders of tomorrow. Higher education is a mark of progress, prosperity, peace and
penance. It tells us be a long racer horse. For all that a best teacher is required.
Hard work does not go unawarded. I quote here the lines of the poem, ‘The Broken wing’
composed by Nightingale of India, Sarojini Naidu, ‘Behold I rise to meet the destined spring and scale
the stars upon my broken wings’. In Srimad Bhagwat Geeta, it is truly said, “that is whole and this is
whole. The perfect has come out of the perfect. Yet the perfect remains, as before, perfect”. Swami
Vivekananda always used to say, ‘Arise! Awake! And stop not till the goal is reached’. Whatever you
will do you will get the result of the same either positive or negative.
Knowledge has no limit. Today is the world of information. Technological advancement brought us
in an eddy of revolution, i.e., revolution of information. About of the space, stars, moons etc., which
were the matter of miracles during the past now the means of awareness. We are going to be settled in
the space. This is also called the tourism of space. Geography as the science of the earth surface has
now an interdisciplinary subject, a study of all natural sciences and social sciences. There is no other
subject having such a vast syllabus as it is of geography. Geography is very realistic, and scoring
subject and the choice of all the students even irrespective of their discipline.
Presently, it is very tough to get the job in the higher education. It is because that the University
Grants Commission, the supreme body of higher education, has imposed new terms and conditions for
the eligibility of lectureship. A national level test is conducted by the UGC twice in a year. This test is
equally important for the eligibility of lectureship and Junior Research Fellowship. There are three
papers for appearing in the test. First paper has general nature, e.g., IQ, reasoning aptitude and
general awareness. Second paper includes the objective questions of the professional paper selected for
the examination. Fifty questions are given. Third paper has a descriptive nature.
Fortunately, geography is an interdisciplinary subject and its subject matter includes the all-NET
examinations conducted by Council of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR), Indian Council of
 ( iv )

Agricultural Science (ICAR) and University Grants Commission (UGC). It means that a student of
geography can appear in all the three NET examination conducted by the three scientific agencies.
The present effort aims to collect the huge information of geographic knowledge according to the
newly revised syllabus in a book form. Previously, the syllabus of geography was limited to human
geography. Now, it includes the physical portion of the geography and makes a wide and complete
syllabus.
This book would be a milestone for those students who have geography as a professional subject.
The present study is based on intensive and extensive nature of information collected from different
sources. The Author of the book himself is NET qualified, working as an Assistant Professor of
Geography. Answers of the multiple questions are given in the end of each chapter with wide
explanation of selected questions.
No book can be published without the help of publishers. For the publication of this book, I tender
my warm thanks to Shri Mahendra Jain, editor, Pratiyogita Darpan, for taking initiatives and allowing
me to prepare this book. I also thanks to my family members, wife Nirmala, sister Usha, and my loving
little Vishwani for providing me immense love and pleasure during the preparation of this book.
In the last but not the least, I hope that the student of geography will definitely lead the way to
success in terms of NET examination and knowledge of geography after going through details of this
book.

—Dr. Vishwambhar Prasad Sati

 CONTENTS

● Previous Years’ Solved Papers

Unit–1 (B) Bio-Geography
Geomorphology 1. World Distribution of Plants and
11. Fundamental Concepts 3–6 Animals 100–107
12. Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces 7–9 2. Forms and Functions of Ecosystem 108–116
13. Denudation and Weathering 10–11 3. Conservation and Management of
14. Geosynclines 12–15 Ecosystem 117–121
4. Problems of Pollution 122–127
15. Continental Drift Theory 16–19
16. Plate Tectonic Theory 20–22 Unit–4
17. Earthquakes and Seismology 23–27
18. Volcanoes and Vulcanicity 28–30 Geographical Thought
19. Concept of Geomorphic Cycle 31–35 1. General Character of Geographic
10. Work of Running Water 36–40 Knowledge During the Ancient and
11. The Work of Glacier 41–43 Medieval Period 128–131
12. The Work of Wind 44–47 2. Foundations of Modern Geography 132–140
13. Coastal Geomorphology 48–51 3. Determinism and Possibilism 141–142
14. Karst Topography 52–54 4. Areal Differentiation and Spatial
Organization 143–145
Unit–2
Unit–5
Climatology
1. Composition and Structure of the (A) Population Geography
Atmosphere 55–58 ● Patterns of World Distribution;
2. Heat Budget of the Earth 59–60 Growth Density of Population and
3. Distribution of Temperature 61–66 Population Migration 146–153
4. Atmospheric Pressure and General
Circulation of Wind and Jet Stream 67–72 (B) Settlement Geography
5. Airmasses 73–74 ● Settlement Geography 154–158
6. Tropical and Temperate Cyclone 75–79 Unit–6
7. Classification of World Climates;
Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s Schemes 80–86 Economic Geography
1. Sectors of Economy : Natural Resources
Unit–3 and Measurement of Agricultural
(A) Oceanography Productivity 159–173
1. Ocean Deposits 87–89 2. Von Thunen’s Model : Weber and
2. Coral Reefs 90–92 Losch Scheme 174–176
3. Temperature and Salinity of the Oceans 3. Models of Transportation and
and Density of Sea Water 93–96 Transport Cost : Accessibility and
4. Tides and Ocean Currents 97–99 Connectivity 177–178
 ( vi )

Unit–7 4. Major Soil Types 232–234

(A) Political Geography 5. Irrigation and Agriculture 235–241
1. Heartland and Rimland Theories 179–182 6. Population Distribution, Growth and
2. Boundaries, Frontiers, Adminis- Settlement Pattern 242–245
trative Areas, Policy and Finance 183–186 7. Mineral and Power Resources 246–249
(B) Social Geography 8. Major Industries and Industrial
Regions 250–253
● Ethnicity : Tribe, Dialect, Language,
Caste and Religion 187–190 Unit–10
(C) Cultural Geography (A) Cartography
1. Cultural Areas and Cultural Regions 191–196 1. Cartography : Types of Maps 254–261
2. Human Races 197–201 2. Remote Sensing and GIS 262–265
3. Economy and Society of Tribal (B) Statistical Method
Groups 202–203
1. Statistical Method 266–270
Unit–8
Regional Planning Based on Previous Ten Years
Questions Paper
1. Regional Concept in Geography 204–212
● Model Paper 1 271–276
Unit–9 ● Model Paper 2 277–282
Geography of India ● Model Paper 3 283–287
● Model Paper 4 288–292
1. Physiographic Division 213–223 ● Model Paper 5 293–298
2. Climate and Its Variations 224–228 ● Model Paper 6 299–303
● Model Paper 7 304–309
3. Vegetation Types and Vegetation
Regions 229–231 ■ Paragraph Questions Paper 310–312
 Syllabus

Unit-1
Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and
weathering; Geosynclines, Continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle;
Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles.
Unit-2
Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution
of temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon and jet stream;
Tropical and temperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s
schemes.
Unit-3
(A) Oceanography : Ocean deposits; Coral reefs. Temperature and salinity of the oceans;
Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents.
(B) Bio-Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of
ecosystem; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Problems of pollution.
Unit-4
Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and
medieval period; Foundations of modern geography; Determinism and possibilism; Areal
differentiation and spatial organisation.
Unit-5
(A) Population Geography : Patterns of world distribution; Growth and density of population;
Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition.
(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural
and urban settlements; City-region; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy;
Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Lösch’s theory of market centres.
Unit-6
Economic Geography : Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural
resources : renewable and non-renewable :
(A) Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and
diversification. Von Thünen’s model.
(B) Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose
industries.
(C) Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and connectivity.
Unit-7
(A) Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers.
(B) Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of social
well-being.
 ( viii )

(C) Cultural Geography :Culture-areas and cultural regions; Human races; Habital, economy
and society of tribal groups.
Unit-8
Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; Concept of planning regions; Types of
regions; Methods of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development;
Regional imbalances.
Unit-9
Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types
and vegetation regions; Major soil types; Irrigation and agriculture; Population distribution and growth;
Settlement patterns; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions.
Unit-10
(A) Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution;
Choropleth; Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagram; Mapping of location-
specific data; Accessibility and flow maps.
Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic
Information System (GIS).
(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulative
frequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures
of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring
association among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.
Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score; Sampling
techniques for geographical analysis.
 Geography
UGC-NET/JRF Exam.
(July 2016)
Solved Paper
 July 2016
Geography
(Paper – II)
Note : This Paper contains fifty (50) objective (C) Latent heat released
type questions of two (2) marks each. All questions (D) Albedo of the earth and the atmosphere
are compulsory. 7. Which one of the following processes is
1. Normal Cycle of Erosion is associated with— important for the formation of lightning in a
(A) Glacial Erosion (B) Fluvial Erosion developing cloud ?
(C) Marine Erosion (D) Wind Erosion (A) Absorption of solar cosmic rays
2. The drainage pattern which is not controlled by (B) Small lapse rate
the parent structure on which it flows is termed (C) Strong vertical air currents
as— (D) Heavy rainfall
(A) Consequent (B) Subsequent
8. Given below are two statements, one labelled
(C) Insequent (D) Resequent as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason
3. The term “Swash” refers to— (R). Select your answer from the codes given
(A) Backward movement of sea water at the below :
beach after the breaking of a wave Assertion (A) : Land surface is heated more
(B) Oblique movement of sea water at the quickly and to a greater extent than the water
beach after the breaking of a wave surface when subjected to equal amount of
(C) Forward movement of sea water up the insolation.
beach after the breaking of a wave Reason (R) : The land is opaque while water is
(D) Sideward movement of sea water up the transparent to solar radiation.
beach after the breaking of a wave Codes :
4. Which one of the following is not a glacio- (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct
fluvial depositional feature ? explanation of (A).
(A) Drumlin (B) Esker (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not
(C) Horn (D) Kame correct explanation of (A).
5. The unconsolidated rock material deposited by (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
surface wash’at the base of a cliff is called— (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(A) Alluvium (B) Colluvium 9. Which one of the ‘C’ types of climate receives
(C) Moraines (D) Silt the bulk of its precipitation during the cold
season ?
6. Which one of the following represents a source
of atmospheric energy ? (A) Cfa (B) Cs
(A) Infrared radiation emitted downward from (C) Cwa (D) Cfc
clouds 10. Which one of the following statements is not
(B) Visible radiation scattered upward into the true about the Coriolis Force ?
space (A) It is the effect of earth’s rotation
4 | UGC-NET Geography-II (J-2016)

(B) It is maximum over polar region (A) Positivism (B) Existentialism

(C) It is directly related to frictional force (C) Idealism (D) Probabalism
(D) It is proportional to wind speed 18. The statement that “Egypt is the gift of the river
11. Identify the correct statement pertaining to the Nile” is attributed to—
Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the floor of Atlantic (A) Aristotle (B) Strabo
Ocean among the following— (C) Herodotus (D) Seneca
(A) Almost 3 km above 19. Who among the following scholars made
(B) Almost 4 km above corrections to Ptolemy’s Book ?
(C) Almost 5 km above (A) Al-Masudi (B) Al-Idrisi
(D) Almost 6 km above (C) Al-Baruni (D) Ibn-Khaldun
12. The coral reefs that are generally; found atta- 20. Who among the following developed the
ched to the shore with an intervening shallow concept of ‘Mental Map’ ?
channel or a lagoon is called— (A) Downs and Stea
(A) Barrier reef (B) Patch reef (B) Saarinen
(C) Ribbon reef (D) Fringing reef (C) Gould and White
13. If Kyoto protocol is for Carbon di-oxide then (D) Boulding and Haggerstrand
Montreal protocol is for— 21. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
(A) Methane answer using the codes given below :
(B) Chlorofluorocarbons List-I (Concepts)
(C) Carbon di-oxide (a) Continuum of Urban Sizes
(D) Ozone (b) Losch Model
14. Identify the correct statement regarding variation (c) Urban Hierarchy
in density of ocean water and air at the same (d) Primate City
temperature—
List-II (Definitions)
(A) Ocean water is 800 times more denser than
1. Groups of towns of decreasing but approxi-
air.
mately equal size and importance
(B) Ocean water is 600 times more denser than
air. 2. Relationship between the largest city and
second largest city
(C) Ocean water is 400 times more denser than
air. 3. Various hexagonal systems operate at
different levels and are superimposed on
(D) Ocean water is 200 times more denser than
each other
air.
4. Gradual and continuous decrease of urban
15. Which one of the following bays has the
population size with descending rank
highest tides in the world ?
Codes :
(A) Bay of Bengal (B) Hudson Bay
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(C) Bay of Fundy (D) Bay of Khambat
(A) 4 3 1 2
16. Who among the following pleaded that “history
be treated geographically and geography be (B) 2 1 3 4
treated historically” ? (C) 3 2 4 1
(A) Holmes (B) Herodotus (D) 1 4 2 3
(C) Hecateous (D) Thales of Militus 22. Which one of the following authors used the
17. Which one of the following is the philosophical formula dx = do e–bx where, d x represents
basis of Quantitative revolution ? population density (d) at a distance x from the
 UGC-NET Geography-II (J-2016) | 5

city centre, d0 the centre density, e an exponent (C) Glass

of distance and b the density gradient, to (D) Iron and Steel
describe the pattern of population density in 31. Who among the following gave the concept of
any city ? Rimland Theory ?
(A) C. Clark (B) B.J.L. Berry (A) Ratzel (B) Spykman
(C) J.W. Simmonds (D) W. Isard (C) Griffith Taylor (D) Mackinder
23. Which one of the following figures of total 32. How many major human races were identified
population of India (Census 2011) is correct ? by Griffith Taylor ?
(A) 1, 21, 08, 54, 977 (B) 1, 21, 04, 74, 877 (A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 1, 21, 03, 64, 957 (D) 1, 21, 05, 44, 777 (C) 5 (D) 6
24. The rapid growth phase of Indian population 33. In which year Mackinder again demarcated the
was lying between which of the following time world island including Africa ?
periods ? (A) 1922 (B) 1925
(A) 1901 – 1921 (B) 1921 – 1951 (C) 1919 (D) 1917
(C) 1951 – 1981 (D) 1981 – 2001 34. The Red Indians or the American Indian belongs
25. The second doubling period of world’s human to—
population was between which of the following (A) Caucasoid Race (B) Mongoloid Race
time slabs ? (C) Austraoloid Race (D) Negrito Race
(A) 1650 – 1850 (B) 1750 – 1950 35. Which one of the following terms denotes the
(C) 1850 – 1930 (D) 1850 – 1950 net population increase of towns and cities ?
26. Which one of the following agricultural geogra- (A) Urban Growth
phic approaches is correct to study crop-diversi- (B) Population Growth
fication ? (C) Urbanisation
(A) Commodity (B) Systematic (D) Urban Area
(C) Regional (D) Behavioural 36. Which one of the following processes is not
27. Which one of the following soils is commonly associated with planning ?
known as ‘self-mulching soil’ ? (A) Perception (B) Revelation
(A) Grey soil (B) Red soil (C) Preparation (D) Evolution
(C) Brown soil (D) Black soil 37. Who is regarded as the father of Regional
28. The concept of linear market price boundary Science ?
between the market areas of two competing firms (A) Louis Lefeber
was given by— (B) Walter Isard
(A) A. Weber (B) T. Palander (C) Harvey S. Perloff
(C) E. Hoover (D) A. Losch (D) John M. Cumberland
29. Which one of the following factors is not a 38. Which one of the following scholars believed
reason for government to concentrate on that “every deliberate action must start in the
transport policies ? mind, the realm of thought. It must be conceived
(A) Social (B) Economic and rehearsed in the realm of thought before it
(C) Cultural (D) Political can take place in the physical...”
30. Which one of the following industries is called (A) Lewis Mumford
as heavy engineering industry ? (B) Patrick Geddes
(A) Heavy Electricals (C) Chadwich
(B) Heavy Machinery (D) Benton MacKaye
6 | UGC-NET Geography-II (J-2016)

39. The surveys that are conducted to identify 45. Which one of the following softwares is not a
deteriorated or deficient area in development GIS software ?
are termed as— (A) AutoCAD (B) Map Info
(A) Socio-economic surveys (C) ERDAS (D) Arc view
(B) Structural surveys 46. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
(C) Environmental Quality surveys answer using the codes given below.
(D) Diagnostic surveys List-I List-II
40. The largest milk producer state of India is— (R.F.) (Level of Scale)
(A) Gujarat (B) Punjab (a) 1 : 2,50,000 1. Cadastral
(C) Uttar Pradesh (D) Rajasthan (b) 1 : 50,00,000 2. Large
41. Which one of following groups of states (c) 1 : 25,000 3. Medium
accounts for about 90% of the annual coal
(d) 1 : 4,000 4. Small
production in India ?
Codes :
(A) Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West
Bengal (a) (b) (c) (d)
(B) Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (A) 3 4 1 2
(C) Jharkhand, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh (B) 3 1 2 4
(D) Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal . (C) 1 2 3 4
42. In which of the following years, India became (D) 3 4 2 1
the 7th largest manufacturer of vehicles in the 47. Which one of the following areal extent is
world ? represented by an area bounded by a square of
(A) 2007 (B) 2008 3 cm × 3 cm on a 1 : 50,000 scale topographical
(C) 2009 (D) 2010 sheet ?
43. Given below are two statements, one labelled (A) 9,00 km2 (B) 1.00 km2
as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason (C) 3.20 km2 (D) 2.25 km2
(R). Select your answer from the codes given 48. Given below are two statements, one labelled
below : as Assertion (A) and other labelled as Reason
Assertion (A) : Wheat producing area confine (R). Select your answer from the codes given
to sub-humid and semi-arial areas in India. below :
Reason (R) : This crop does not require plenty Assertion (A) : Change detection in remote
of stagnant water. sensing is the process of identifying differences
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct in the state of an object or phenomenon.
explanation of (A). Reason (R) : The use of GIS facilitates for digital
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not change detection.
correct explanation of (A). Codes :
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true. explanation of (A).
44. In which state of India Subansiri Hydropower (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not
Project is located ? correct explanation of (A).
(A) Manipur (B) Meghalaya (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(C) Arunachal Pradesh (D) Tamil Nadu (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
 UGC-NET Geography-II (J-2016) | 7

49. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 6. (C) It is latent heat released during the
answer using the codes given below : vaporization, the atmosphere is heated after
List-I List-II converging solid into liquid, liquid into gas.
(Scholars) (Global strategic 7. (C) Lighting (Thunder storms) is caused due
to strong vertical currents.
views)
8. (A)
(a) Seversky, A.N.P. 1. Sea power
9. (B) Cs is a mediterreanean type of climate
(b) Mackinder 2. Rimland theory
region where maximum precipitation falls in
(c) Spykman, N.J. 3. Air power winter.
(d) Mahan, A.T. 4. Land power 10. (D) 11. (A)
Codes : 12. (D) A Fringing reef is a, coral reef attached
(a) (b) (c) (d) to the shore, either as a continuous wave
(A) 1 2 3 4 washed erosion, plattarn are separated by
from the coast line by a smaller lagoon.
(B) 3 4 2 1
13. (B)
(C) 2 1 4 3 14. (A) Water has a density of 1000 gm/m3. The
(D) 4 3 1 2 air that is near sea level has a density that
50. The scale on the aerial photography is variable averages 1.275 kg. kg/m3. If we want to know
on account of which of the following ? how much water is dense than air that 1000
(A) Shadows of the objects kg/m3 divided by 1.275 kg/m3 yields 784.
(B) Texture of the objects Therefore at the sea level air is 784 time less
than the water.
(C) Relief of the ground
15. (C) The Bay of Fundy, a bay on the Atlantic
(D) Shadows and relief both coast of North America. It is known for having
the highest tidal range in the world.
Answers with Explanations
16. (B) Herodotus (485-425 BC) was the first and
1. (B) Normal cycle of erosion is associated
foremost historian and is regarded the “father
with the Fluvial Erosion, not with Glacial,
of history and was one of the pioneer geogra-
marine and wind erosion.
phers. He was the strong supporter of the
2. (C) In sequent drainage is a drainage that idea that, “all history must be treated geogra-
wanders irregularly across the surface and is phically and all Geography must be treated
not influenced by topographic features (i.e., historically”.
Dendritic drainage. 17. (A) Positivism also called empiricism, is a
3. (C) Swash refers to the movement of a tur- philosophical view point that limits know-
bulent layer of water up the slope of a beach ledge to facts that can be observed and to
as a result of breaking of a wave. It is capable the relationship between these Facts is a
of moving beach material of substantial water. philosophical bases of Quantative revolution.
4. (C) Drumlin, Esker and Kame are Glacio- 18. (C)
fluvial depositional features, by Horn is a 19. (B) The most important contribution of Al-
Glacier erosional feature. Idrisi to Geog was his world map. His map
5. (B) Colluvium is a general name for loose, was based on rough rectangular projection.
unconsolidated sediments that have been It represents correctly which was misrepre-
deposited at the base of the hill slopes by sented antiquity. In the shape of Africa we
either rain wash, sheet wash, slow continuous find the influence of Ptolemy, although Africa
down slope creep, or a variable combination and China are not connected. (A correction
of these processes. on Ptolemy’s map.)
 UGC-NET/JRF/SET Obj. Geography
(Paper II)

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Author : Dr. Vishwambhar

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174823564
Prasad Sati

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