Divide Decimals

Check your understanding of important skills.

Name

→ Division Facts Find the quotient.

1. 24 5 _
6qw 2. 56 5 _
7qw 3. 18 4 9 5 _ 4. 35 4 5 5 _

→ Estimate with 1-Digit Divisors Estimate the quotient.

5. 6qw
253 6. 4qw
1,165 7. 7qw
1,504

_ _ _

→ Division Divide.

8. 34qw
785 9. 27qw
1,581 10. 41qw
4,592

WITH Clue
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

TM

My age is 10 more than

one-tenth of one-tenth of
Instead of telling Carmen
her age, Sora gave her this one-tenth of 3,000.
clue. Be a Math Detective
and find Sora’s age.

GO Assessment Options: Soar to Success Math Chapter 5 199

Online
 Vocabulary Builder
→ Visualize It
Complete the bubble map using review words. Review Words

compatible numbers
decimal
decimal point
dividend
divisor
equivalent fractions
estimate
decimal exponent
hundredth
quotient
remainder
tenth

→ Understand Vocabulary
Complete the sentences using the review words.

1. A____ is a symbol used to separate the

ones place from the tenths place in decimal numbers.

2. Numbers that are easy to compute with mentally are called

____.
3. A ____ is one of ten equal parts.
4. A number with one or more digits to the right of the decimal © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

point is called a ____.

5. The ____ is the number that is to be
divided in a division problem.

6. A ____ is one of one hundred

equal parts.

7. You can ____ to find a number that is

close to the exact amount.

200
GO • eStudent Edition • Multimedia eGlossary
Online
 ALGEBRA
Name
Lesson 5.1
Division Patterns with Decimals
Essential Question How can patterns help you place the decimal point
in a quotient?

UNLOCK the Problem

The Healthy Wheat Bakery uses 560 pounds of flour to make
1,000 loaves of bread. Each loaf contains the same amount of • Underline the sentence that
tells you what you are trying
flour. How many pounds of flour are used in each loaf of bread? to find.
• Circle the numbers you need
You can use powers of ten to help you find quotients. to use.
Dividing by a power of 10 is the same as multiplying
by 0.1, 0.01, or 0.001.

One Way Use place-value patterns.

Divide. 560 4 1,000
Look for a pattern in these products and quotients.

560 3 1 5 560 560 4 1 5 560

560 3 0.1 5 56.0 560 4 10 5 56.0

560 3 0.01 5 5.60 560 4 100 5 5.60

560 3 0.001 5 0.560 560 4 1,000 5 0.560

So, _ pound of flour is used in each loaf of bread.

1. As you divide by increasing powers of 10, how does the

position of the decimal point change in the quotients?

Another Way Use exponents.

Divide. 560 4 103
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Look for a pattern. 560 4 100 5 560

The zero power of 10 equals 1.
560 4 101 5 56.0
100 51
2
560 4 10 5 5.60 The first power of 10 equals 10.

560 4 103 5 _ 101 5 10

2. Each divisor, or power of 10, is 10 times the divisor before it.

How do the quotients compare?

Chapter 5 201
CONNECT Dividing by 10 is the same as multiplying by 0.1 or
finding __
1
10 of a number.

Example
Liang used 25.5 pounds of tomatoes to make a large
batch of salsa. He used one-tenth as many pounds of
onions as pounds of tomatoes. He used one-hundredth as
many pounds of green peppers as pounds of tomatoes.
How many pounds of each ingredient did Liang use?

Tomatoes: 25.5 pounds

Onions: 25.5 pounds 4 _ Green Peppers: 25.5 pounds 4 _

Think: 25.5 4 1 5 _ Think: _415_

25.5 4 10 5 _ _ 4 10 5 _
_ 4 100 5 _

So, Liang used 25.5 pounds of tomatoes, _ pounds of onions,

and _ pound of green peppers.

Try This! Complete the pattern.

A 32.6 4 1 5 __ B 50.2 4 100 5 __

32.6 4 10 5 __ 50.2 4 101 5 __

32.6 4 100 5 __ 50.2 4 102 5 __

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you can

determine where to place the
decimal point in the quotient
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

47.3 4 102.

Share and ShowN

Complete the pattern.

1. 456 4 100 5 456 Think: The dividend is being divided by an

increasing power of 10, so the decimal
456 4 101 5 45.6
point will move to the_ one place
2 for each increasing power of 10.
456 4 10 5 4.56
456 4 103 5 __

202
 Name

Complete the pattern.

2. 225 4 100 5 _ 3. 605 4 100 5 _ 4. 74.3 4 1 5 _

225 4 101 5 _ 605 4 101 5 _ 74.3 4 10 5 _

225 4 102 5 _ 605 4 102 5 _ 74.3 4 100 5 _

225 4 103 5 _ 605 4 103 5 _

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain what happens

to the value of a number when you
divide by 10, 100, or 1,000.

On Your OwnN
Complete the pattern.

5. 156 4 1 5 _ 6. 32 4 1 5 _ 7. 16 4 100 5 _

156 4 10 5 _ 32 4 10 5 _ 16 4 101 5 _

156 4 100 5 _ 32 4 100 5 _ 16 4 102 5 _

156 4 1,000 5 _ 32 4 1,000 5 _ 16 4 103 5 _

8. 12.7 4 1 5 _ 9. 92.5 4 100 5 _ 10. 86.3 4 100 5 _

12.7 4 10 5 _ 92.5 4 101 5 _ 86.3 4 101 5 _

12.7 4 100 5 _ 92.5 4 102 5 _ 86.3 4 102 5 _

Algebra Find the value of n.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

11. 268 4 n 5 0.268 12. n 4 102 5 0.123 13. n 4 101 5 4.6

n 5 ___ n 5 ___ n 5 ___

Chapter 5 • Lesson 1 203

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 14–16.

14. If each muffin contains the same amount of

cornmeal, how many kilograms of cornmeal are
in each corn muffin? Dry Ingredients
for 1,000 Corn Muffins
Ingredient Number of Kilograms
15. If each muffin contains the same Cornmeal 150
amount of sugar, how many kilograms of Flour 110
sugar, to the nearest thousandth, are in each Sugar 66.7
corn muffin? Baking powder 10
Salt 4.17

16. The bakery decides to make only 100

corn muffins on Tuesday. How many kilograms
of sugar will be needed?

17. Explain how you know that

the quotient 47.3 4 101 is equal to the product
47.3 3 0.1.

18. Test Prep Ella used 37.2 pounds of apples to

make applesauce. She used one-tenth as many
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

pounds of sugar as pounds of apples. How

many pounds of sugar did Ella use?

A 372 pounds
B 3.72 pounds
C 0.372 pound
D 0.0372 pound

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

204 Standards Practice Book, pp. P101–P102
 Lesson 5.2
Name
Divide Decimals by Whole Numbers
Essential Question How can you use a model to divide a decimal by a
whole number?

Investigate
Materials n decimal models n color pencils
Angela has enough wood to make a picture frame with a
perimeter of 2.4 meters. She wants the frame to be a square.
What will be the length of each side of the frame?

A. Shade decimal models to show 2.4.

B. You need to share your model among _ equal groups.

C. Since 2 wholes cannot be shared among 4 groups without

regrouping, cut your model apart to show the tenths.

There are _ tenths in 2.4.

Share the tenths equally among the 4 groups.

There are _ ones and _ tenths in each group.

Write a decimal for the amount in each group. _

D. Use your model to complete the number sentence.

2.4 4 4 5 _

So, the length of each side of the frame will be _ meter.

Draw Conclusions N
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

1. Explain why you needed to cut apart the model in Step C.

2. Explain how your model would be different if the perimeter were 4.8 meters.

Chapter 5 205
Make ConnectionsN
You can also use base-ten blocks to model division of a decimal
by a whole number.

Materials n base-ten blocks

Kyle has a roll of ribbon 3.21 yards long. He cuts the ribbon
into 3 equal lengths. How long is each piece of ribbon?
Divide. 3.21 4 3

STEP 1

Use base-ten blocks to show 3.21.

Remember that a flat represents one, a long represents

one tenth, and a small cube represents one hundredth.

There are _ one(s), _ tenth(s), and

_ hundredth(s).

STEP 2 Share the ones.

Share an equal number of ones among 3 groups.

There is _ one(s) shared in each group and _

one(s) left over.

STEP 3 Share the tenths.

Two tenths cannot be shared among 3 groups

without regrouping. Regroup the tenths by replacing
them with hundredths.

There are _ tenth(s) shared in each group and

_ tenth(s) left over.

There are now _ hundredth(s).

STEP 4 Share the hundredths.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share the 21 hundredths equally among the 3 groups.

There are _ hundredth(s) shared in each group

and _ hundredth(s) left over.

So, each piece of ribbon is __ yards long.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why your

answer makes sense.

206
 Name

Share and Show

Use the model to complete the number sentence.
1. 1.6 4 4 5 __ 2. 3.42 4 3 5 __

Divide. Use base-ten blocks.

3. 1.8 4 3 5 __ 4. 3.6 4 4 5 __ 5. 2.5 4 5 5 __

6. 2.4 4 8 5 __ 7. 3.78 4 3 5 __ 8. 1.33 4 7 5 __

9. 4.72 4 4 5 __ 10. 2.52 4 9 5 __ 11. 6.25 4 5 5 __

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

can use inverse operations to
find 1.8 4 3 .

Chapter 5 • Lesson 2 207

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
What’s the Error?
12. Aida is making banners from a roll of paper that
is 4.05 meters long. She will cut the paper into
3 equal lengths. How long will each banner be?

Look how Aida solved the problem. Solve the problem and correct
Find the error. the error.

So, Aida said that each banner would be __ meters long,

but each banner should be __ meters long.

• Describe Aida’s error.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• What if the roll of paper were 4.35 meters long? How long would
each banner be?

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

208 Standards Practice Book, pp. P103–P104
 Name
Lesson 5.3
Estimate Quotients
Essential Question How can you estimate decimal quotients?

UNLOCK the Problem

Carmen likes to ski. The ski resort where she goes to ski
got 3.2 feet of snow during a 5-day period. The average
daily snowfall for a given number of days is the quotient
of the total amount of snow and the number of days.
Estimate the average daily snowfall.

You can estimate decimal quotients by using compatible

numbers. When choosing compatible numbers, you can
look at the whole-number part of a decimal dividend or
rename the decimal dividend as tenths or hundredths.

Estimate. 3.2 4 5

Carly and her friend Marco each find an estimate. Since the divisor is
greater than the dividend, they both first rename 3.2 as tenths.

3.2 is _ tenths.

CARLY’S ESTIMATE MARCO’S ESTIMATE

30 tenths is close to 32 tenths and divides easily 35 tenths is close to 32 tenths and divides easily
by 5. Use a basic fact to find 30 tenths 4 5. by 5. Use a basic fact to find 35 tenths 4 5.

30 tenths 4 5 is _ tenths or _. 35 tenths 4 5 is _ tenths or _.

So, the average daily snowfall is about So, the average daily snowfall is about

_ foot. _ foot.

1. Whose estimate do you think is closer to the exact quotient?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Explain your reasoning.

2. Explain how you would rename the dividend in 29.7 4 40 to

choose compatible numbers and estimate the quotient.

Chapter 5 209
Estimate with 2-Digit Divisors
When you estimate quotients with compatible numbers, the number
you use for the dividend can be greater than the dividend or less
than the dividend.

Example
A group of 31 students is going to visit the museum.
The total cost for the tickets is $144.15. About how
much money will each student need to pay for a ticket?

Estimate. $144.15 4 31
A Use a whole number greater than the dividend.
Use 30 for the divisor. Then find a number close to and
greater than $144.15 that divides easily by 30.

$144.15 4 31
↓ ↓
$150 4 30 5 $ _

So, each student will pay about $ _ for a ticket.

B Use a whole number less than the dividend.

Use 30 for the divisor. Then find a number close to and
less than $144.15 that divides easily by 30.

$144.15 4 31
↓ ↓
$120 4 30 5 $ _

So, each student will pay about $ _ for a ticket.

3. Which estimate do you think will be a better estimate of the cost

of a ticket? Explain your reasoning. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share and ShowN

Use compatible numbers to estimate the quotient.
1. 28.8 4 9 2. 393.5 4 41
_4_5_ _4_5_
210
 Name

Estimate the quotient.

3. 161.7 4 7 4. 17.9 4 9 5. 145.4 4 21

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you

might want to find an estimate
for a quotient.

On Your OwnN
Estimate the quotient.
6. 15.5 4 4 7. 394.8 4 7 8. 410.5 4 18

9. 72.1 4 7 10. 32.4 4 52 11. $134.42 4 28

12. 21.8 4 4 13. 3.4 4 5 14. $759.92 4 42

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

15. 157.5 4 38 16. 379.2 4 6 17. 108.4 4 21

Chapter 5 • Lesson 3 211

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 18–20.

18. Estimate the average daily snowfall for Alaska’s

greatest 7-day snowfall.

Greatest 7-Day Snowfall

19. How does the estimate of the average daily
State Amount (in inches)
snowfall for Wyoming’s greatest 7-day
snowfall compare to the estimate of the Alaska 186.9
average daily snowfall for South Dakota’s Wyoming 84.5
greatest 7-day snowfall? South Dakota 112.7

20. The greatest monthly snowfall total in

Alaska is 297.9 inches. This happened in February,
1953. Compare the daily average snowfall for
February, 1953, with the average daily snowfall for
Alaska’s greatest 7-day snowfall. Use estimation.

21. What’s the Error? During a

3-hour storm, it snowed 2.5 inches. Jacob said
that it snowed an average of about 8 inches
per hour.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Test Prep A plant grew 23.8 inches over 8 weeks.

Which is the best estimate of the average number
of inches the plant grew each week?

A 0.2 inch C 2 inches

B 0.3 inch D 3 inches

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

212 Standards Practice Book, pp. P105–P106
 Lesson 5.4
Name
Division of Decimals by Whole Numbers
Essential Question How can you divide decimals by whole numbers?

UNLOCK the Problem

In a swimming relay, each swimmer swims an equal
part of the total distance. Brianna and 3 other • How many swimmers are part of the
relay team?
swimmers won a relay in 5.68 minutes. What is the
average time each girl swam?

One Way Use place value.

MODEL THINK AND RECORD
STEP 1 Share the ones.

1 Divide. 5 ones 4 4

4qw
5.68 Multiply. 4 3 1 one(s)

−4 Subtract. 5 ones 2 4 ones

Check. _ one(s) cannot be shared

among 4 groups without regrouping.

STEP 2 Share the tenths.

1 Divide._ tenths 4 4
4qw
5.68 Multiply. 4 3 _ tenths

−4 Subtract. _ tenths 2 _ tenths

Check. _ tenth(s) cannot be shared

− among 4 groups.

STEP 3 Share the hundredths.

1 Divide. 8 hundredth(s) 4 4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4qw
5.68 _ hundredths
Multiply. 4 3

−4 Subtract. _ hundredths 2 _ hundredths

16 Check. _ hundredth(s) cannot be shared

−1 6 among 4 groups.

Place the decimal point in the quotient to

separate the ones and the tenths.
−

So, each girl swam an average of _ minutes.

Chapter 5 213
 Another Way Use an estimate.
Divide as you would with whole numbers.
Divide. $40.89 4 47

• Estimate the quotient. 4,000 hundredths 4 50 5 80 hundredths,

or $0.80 47qw
40.89
• Divide the tenths.

• Divide the hundredths. When the remainder is zero and there are
no more digits in the dividend, the division is complete.

• Use your estimate to place the decimal point. Place a zero to show
there are no ones.

So, $40.89 4 47 is __ .

• Explain how you used the estimate to place the decimal point in
the quotient.

Try This! Divide. Use multiplication to check your work.

Check.
23qw
79.35

× 23

+ © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Share and ShowN

Write the quotient with the decimal point placed correctly.

1. 4.92 4 2 5 246 __ 2. 50.16 4 38 5 132 __

214
 Name

Divide.

3. 5qw
8.65 4. 3qw
2.52 5. 27qw
97.2

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you can

check that the decimal point is
placed correctly in the quotient.

On Your OwnN
Divide.

6. 6qw
8.94 7. 5qw
3.75 8. 19qw
55.1

9. 23qw
52.9 10. 8qw
$8.24 11. 5qw
44.5

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide.

12. 3qw
$7.71 13. 14qw
79.8 14. 33qw
25.41

15. 7qw
15.61 16. 14qw
137.2 17. 34qw
523.6
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Algebra Write the unknown number for each n.

18. n 4 5 5 1.21 19. 46.8 4 1.2 5 n 20. 34.1 4 n 5 22

n5_ n5_ n5_

Chapter 5 • Lesson 4 215
 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

UNLOCK the Problem

21. The standard width of 8 lanes in swimming pools
used for competitions is 21.92 meters. The
standard width of 9 lanes is 21.96 meters. How
much wider is each lane when there are 8 lanes
than when there are 9 lanes?

A 0.30 meter C 2.74 meters

B 2.44 meters D 22.28 meters

a. What are you asked to find? –

b. What operations will you use to solve the problem? –

c. Show the steps you used to solve the d. Complete the sentences.
problem.
Each lane is _ meters wide when
there are 8 lanes.

Each lane is _ meters wide when

there are 9 lanes.

Since _ 2 _ = _ , the

lanes are _ meter(s) wider when there

are 8 lanes than when there are 9 lanes.

e. Fill in the bubble for the correct answer

choice.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

22. Robert pays $32.04 for 6 student tickets to 23. Jasmine uses 14.24 pounds of fruit for
the basketball game. What is the cost of each 16 servings of fruit salad. If each serving
student ticket? contains the same amount of fruit, how
much fruit is in each serving?

A $192.24 C $26.04 A 0.089 pound C 1.76 pounds

B $53.40 D $5.34 B 0.89 pound D 17.6 pounds

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

216 Standards Practice Book, pp. P107–P108
 Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint

→ Concepts and Skills

1. Explain how the position of the decimal point changes in a quotient

as you divide by increasing powers of 10.

2. Explain how you can use base-ten blocks to find 2.16 4 3.

Complete the pattern.

3. 223 4 1 5 _ 4. 61 4 1 5 _ 5. 57.4 4 100 5 _

223 4 10 5 _ 61 4 10 5 _ 57.4 4 101 5 _

223 4 100 5 _ 61 4 100 5 _ 57.4 4 102 5 _

223 4 1,000 5 _ 61 4 1,000 5 _

Estimate the quotient.

6. 31.9 4 4 7. 6.1 4 8 8. 492.6 4 48

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Divide.

9. 5qw
4.35 10. 8qw
9.92 11. 61qw
207.4

Chapter 5 217
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

12. The Westside Bakery uses 440 pounds of sugar to make

1,000 cakes. Each cake contains the same amount of sugar.
How many pounds of sugar are used in each cake?
A 0.044 pound
B 0.44 pound
C 4.4 pounds
D 44 pounds

13. Elise pays $21.75 for 5 student tickets to the fair. What is the
cost of each student ticket?
A $4.35
B $16.75
C $43.40
D $108.75

14. Jason has a piece of wire that is 62.4 inches long. He cuts
the wire into 3 equal pieces. Which is the best estimate of
the length of each piece of wire?
A 2 inches
B 3 inches
C 20 inches
D 30 inches

15. Elizabeth uses 33.75 ounces of granola for 15 servings of © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

trail mix. If each serving contains the same amount of granola,

how much granola is in each serving?
A 0.225 ounce
B 2.25 ounces
C 18.75 ounces
D 33.9 ounces

218
 Lesson 5.5
Name
Decimal Division
Essential Question How can you use a model to divide by a decimal?

Investigate
Materials n decimal models n color pencils
Leigh is making reusable shopping bags. She has 3.6 yards of
fabric. She needs 0.3 yard of fabric for each bag. How many
shopping bags can she make from the 3.6 yards of fabric?

A. Shade decimal models to show 3.6.

B. Cut apart your model to show the tenths. Separate the

tenths into as many groups of 3 tenths as you can.

There are _ groups of _ tenths.

C. Use your model to complete the number sentence.

3.6 4 0.3 5 _

So, Leigh can make _ shopping bags.

Draw Conclusions N
1. Explain why you made each group equal to the divisor.

The divisor can tell the number

of same-sized groups, or it can
tell the number in each group.
2. Identify the problem you would be modeling if each strip
in the model represents 1.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. Dennis has 2.7 yards of fabric to make bags that require 0.9 yard of
fabric each. Describe a decimal model you can use to find how
many bags he can make.

Chapter 5 219
Make ConnectionsN
You can also use a model to divide by hundredths.

Materials n decimal models n color pencils

Julie has $1.75 in nickels. How many stacks of $0.25 can she
make from $1.75?

STEP 1

Shade decimal models to show 1.75.

There are _ one(s) and _ hundredth(s).

STEP 2

Cut apart your model to show groups of 0.25.

There are _ groups of _ hundredths.

STEP 3

Use your model to complete the number sentence.

1.75 4 0.25 5_

So, Julie can make _ stacks of $0.25 from $1.75.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how to use

decimal models to find 3 4 0.75.

Share and Show

Use the model to complete the number sentence.

1. 1.2 4 0.3 5 _ 2. 0.45 4 0.09 5 _

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3. 0.96 4 0.24 5 _ 4. 1 4 0.5 5 _

220
 Name

Divide. Use decimal models.

5. 1.8 4 0.6 5 _ 6. 1.2 4 0.3 5 _ 7. 0.24 4 0.04 5 _

8. 1.75 4 0.35 5 _ 9. 2 4 0.4 5 _ 10. 2.7 4 0.9 5 _

11. 1.24 4 0.62 5 _ 12. 0.84 4 0.14 5 _ 13. 1.6 4 0.4 5 _

Use the model to find the unknown value.

14. 2.4 4 _ 5 3 15. _ 4 0.32 5 4

16. Make a model to find 0.6 4 0.15. Describe your model.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

17. Explain, using the model, what the equation

represents in Exercise 15.

Chapter 5 • Lesson 5 221

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem SolvingN
Pose a Problem
18. Emilio buys 1.2 kilograms of grapes. He separates the grapes
into packages that contain 0.3 kilogram of grapes each. How
many packages of grapes does Emilio make?

1.2 4 0.3 5 4
Emilio made 4 packages of grapes.

Write a new problem using a different amount for the weight in each
package. The amount should be a decimal with tenths. Use a total
amount of 1.5 kilograms of grapes. Then use decimal models to
solve your problem.
Solve your problem. Draw a picture of the
Pose a problem. model you used to solve your problem.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• Explain why you chose the amount you did for your problem.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

222 Standards Practice Book, pp. P109–P110
 Lesson 5.6
Name
Divide Decimals
Essential Question How can you place the decimal point
in the quotient?

When you multiply both the divisor and the dividend by the
same power of 10, the quotient stays the same.

divisor dividend divisor dividend

6 4 3 52 120 4 30 5 4
↓ 3 10 ↓ 3 10 ↓ 3 0.1 ↓ 3 0.1
60 4 30 5 2 12 4 3 54
↓ 3 10 ↓ 3 10 ↓ 3 0.1 ↓ 3 0.1
600 4 300 5 2 1.2 4 0.3 5 4

UNLOCK the Problem

Matthew has $0.72. He wants to buy stickers that cost
$0.08 each. How many stickers can he buy? • What do you multiply hundredths by
to get a whole number?

• Multiply both the dividend and the divisor by the power

of 10 that makes the divisor a whole number. Then divide.

0.72 4 0.08 5

↓ 3 100 ↓ 3 100

72 4 8 5

So, Matthew can buy _ stickers.

1. Explain how you know that the quotient 0.72 4 0.08 is equal to the
quotient 72 4 8.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Try This! Divide. 0.56 4 0.7

• Multiply the divisor by a power of 10 to make • Divide.

it a whole number. Then multiply the dividend
by the same power of 10.

0.7 3 _ 5 _
07.qw
5.6
0.56 3 _ 5 _

Chapter 5 223
 Example
Sherri hikes on the Pacific Coast trail. She plans to hike 3.72 miles.
If she hikes at an average speed of 1.2 miles per hour, how long
will she hike?
Divide. 3.72 4 1.2

Estimate. _
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Multiply the divisor by a power Write the decimal point in the Divide.
of 10 to make it a whole number. quotient above the decimal
Then, multiply the dividend by point in the new dividend.
the same power of 10.
12qw
37.2 12 qw
37.2
1.2 3 _ 5 _
–
3.72 3 _ 5 _

So, Sherri will hike _ hours.

2. Describe what happens to the decimal point in the divisor and in the
dividend when you multiply by 10.

3. Explain how you could have used the estimate to place the
decimal point.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Try This!

Divide. Check your answer.

0.14
×
__
0.14qw
1.96 Multiply the divisor and the

dividend by _. +
__

224
 Name

Share and ShowN

Copy and complete the pattern.

1. 45 4 9 5 _ 2. 175 4 25 5 _ 3. 164 4 2 5 _

4.5 4 _ 5 5 17.5 4 _ 5 7 16.4 4 _ 5 82

_ 4 0.09 5 5 _ 4 0.25 5 7 _ 4 0.02 5 82

Divide.

4. 1.6qw
9.6 5. 0.3qw
0.24 6. 3.45 4 1.5

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you know

that your quotient for Exercise 5
will be less than 1.

On Your OwnN
Divide.

7. 0.6qw
13.2 8. 0.3qw
0.9 9. 0.26qw
1.56

10. 0.45qw
5.85 11. 0.3qw
0.69 12. 3.6 4 0.4
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. 1.26 4 2.1 14. 7.84 4 0.28 15. 9.28 4 2.9

Chapter 5 • Lesson 6 225

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Use the table to solve 16—19.

16. Connie paid $1.08 for pencils. How many

pencils did she buy?
Prices at School Store
Item Price
Eraser $0.05
17. Albert has $2.16. How many more pencils can
he buy than markers? Marker $0.36
Notepad $0.65
Pencil $0.12
18. How many erasers can Ayita buy for the same
amount that she would pay for one notepad?

19. Ramon paid $3.25 for notepads and

$1.44 for markers. What is the total number of
items he bought?

20. What’s the Error? Katie

divided 4.25 by 0.25 and got a quotient
of 0.17.

21. Test Prep Marcus bought apples that cost

$0.45 per pound. He paid $1.35 for the apples. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

How many pounds of apples did he buy?

A 0.3 pound
B 2.8 pounds
C 3 pounds
D 30 pounds

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

226 Standards Practice Book, pp. P111–P112
 Lesson 5.7
Name
Write Zeros in the Dividend
Essential Question When do you write a zero in the dividend to find
a quotient?

CONNECT When decimals are divided, the dividend may not have
enough digits for you to complete the division. In these cases,
you can write zeros to the right of the last digit.

UNLOCK the Problem

The equivalent fractions show that writing zeros to the right
of a decimal does not change the value.
8 3 10 80
90.8 5 90 _______ 5 90 ____ 5 90.80
10 3 10 100
During a fund-raising event, Adrian rode his bicycle 45.8 miles
in 4 hours. Find his speed in miles per hour by dividing the
distance by the time.

Divide. 45.8 44 Estimate. 44 445_

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Write the decimal point in the Divide the tens, ones, and tenths. Write a zero in the dividend
quotient above the decimal point and continue dividing.
in the dividend.
.
4qw
45.8 4qw
45.8 4qw
45.80
− −4
05
− − 4
18
− −16
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, Adrian’s speed was __ miles per hour. MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you

would model this problem using
base-ten blocks.

Chapter 5 227
CONNECT When you divide whole numbers, you can show the
amount that is left over by writing a remainder or a fraction. By
writing zeros in the dividend, you can also show that amount
as a decimal.

Example Write zeros in the dividend. 24.

Divide. 372 4 15 15qw
372.0
• Divide until you have an amount less than the divisor left over. −30
• Insert a decimal point and a zero at the end of the dividend. 72
• Place a decimal point in the quotient above the decimal point in −60
the dividend.

• Continue dividing. −
So, 372 4 15 5 __.

• Sarah has 78 ounces of rice. She puts an equal amount of rice in

each of 12 bags. What amount of rice does she put in each bag?
Explain how you would write the answer using a decimal.

Try This! Divide. Write a zero at the end of the dividend

as needed.

Divide. 1.23 4 0.06 Divide. 10 4 0.8

20.
006.qw
123. 6qw
123.0 100.
08.qw 8.qw
100. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

−12
03
− 0
30
−

228
 Name

Share and ShowN

Write the quotient with the decimal point placed correctly.

1. 5 4 0.8 5 625 2. 26.1 4 6 5 435 3. 0.42 4 0.35 5 12 4. 80 4 50 5 16

Divide.

5. 4qw
32.6 6. 1.2qw
9 7. 15qw
42 8. 0.14qw
0.91

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain why you would

write a zero in the dividend when
dividing decimals.

On Your OwnN
Divide.

9. 8qw
84 10. 2.5qw
4 11. 5qw
16.2 12. 0.6qw
2.7

13. 18 4 7.5 14. 34.8 4 24 15. 5.16 4 0.24 16. 81 4 18

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Divide.

17. 1.6qw
20 18. 15qw
4.8 19. 0.54qw
2.43 20. 28qw
98

21. 1.8 4 12 22. 3.5 4 2.5 23. 40 4 16 24. 2.24 4 0.35

Chapter 5 • Lesson 7 229

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense

Problem Solving
Solve.

25. Jerry takes trail mix on hikes. A package of 26. Amy has 3 pounds of raisins. She
dried apricots weighs 25.5 ounces. Jerry divides the raisins equally into 12 bags. How
divides the apricots equally among 6 bags many pounds of raisins are in each bag? Tell
of trail mix. How many ounces of apricots how many zeros you had to write at the end
are in each bag? of the dividend.

27. Find 65 4 4. Write your 28. Test Prep Todd has a piece of rope that is
answer using a remainder, a fraction, and a 1.6 meters long. He cuts the rope into
decimal. Then tell which form of the answer 5 equal pieces. What is the length of each
you prefer. Explain your choice. piece?

A 0.8 meter
B 0.32 meter
C 3.2 meters
D 8 meters

Rate of Speed Formula

The formula for velocity, or rate of speed, is r 5 d 4 t,

where r represents rate of speed, d represents distance,
and t represents time. For example, if an object travels
12 feet in 10 seconds, you can find its rate of speed by
using the formula.

r5d4t

r 5 12 4 10
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

r = 1.2 feet per second

Use division and the formula for rate of speed to solve.

29. A car travels 168 miles in 3.2 hours. Find 30. A submarine travels 90 kilometers in
the car’s rate of speed in miles per hour. 4 hours. Find the submarine’s rate of
speed in kilometers per hour.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

230 Standards Practice Book, pp. P113–P114
 PROBLEM SOLVING
Name
Lesson 5.8
Problem Solving • Decimal Operations
Essential Question How do you use the strategy work backward to
solve multistep decimal problems?

UNLOCK the Problem

Carson spent $15.99 for 2 books and 3 pens. The books cost
$4.95 each and sales tax was $1.22. Carson also used a coupon
for $0.50 off his purchase. If each pen had the same cost, how
much did each pen cost?

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I How will I use the
need to use? information?

Solve the Problem

• Make a flowchart to show the information. Then using inverse
operations, work backward to solve.

Cost of plus Cost of plus Amount minus Amount of equals Total

3 pens 2 books of tax Coupon Spent

3 3 cost of
1 23 1 2 5
each pen
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Total plus Amount of minus Amount minus Cost of equals Cost of

Spent Coupon of tax 2 books 3 pens

1 2 2 5

• Divide the cost of 3 pens by 3 to find the cost of each pen.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

__ 4 3 5 __ Explain why the

amount of the coupon was added
when you worked backward.
So, the cost of each pen was __.

Chapter 5 231
 Try Another Problem
Last week, Vivian spent a total of $20.00. She spent $9.95
for tickets to the school fair, $5.95 for food, and the rest
for 2 rings that were on sale at the school fair. If each ring
had the same cost, how much did each ring cost?

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I How will I use the
need to use? information?

Solve the Problem

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, the cost of each ring was __.

MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Explain how you can

check your answer.

232
 Name

Share and Show

1. Hector spent $36.75 for 2 DVDs with the same cost. The
sales tax was $2.15. Hector also used a coupon for $1.00
off his purchase. How much did each DVD cost?

First, make a flowchart to show the information and show

how you would work backward.

Then, work backward to find the cost of 2 DVDs.

Finally, find the cost of one DVD.

So, each DVD costs __.

2. What if Hector spent $40.15 for the DVDs, the

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

sales tax was $2.55, and he didn’t have a coupon?

How much would each DVD cost?

3. Sophia spent $7.30 for school supplies. She spent

$3.00 for a notebook and $1.75 for a pen. She also
bought 3 large erasers. If each eraser had the same
cost, how much did she spend for each eraser?

Chapter 5 • Lesson 8 233

 MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICES Model • Reason • Make Sense
On Your Own
4. The change from a gift purchase was $3.90. Each
of 6 students donated an equal amount for the gift.
How much change should each student receive?

5. If you divide this mystery number by 4, add 8,

and multiply by 3, you get 42. What is the
mystery number?

6. A mail truck picks up two boxes of mail

from the post office. The total weight of the boxes
is 32 pounds. One box is 8 pounds heavier than
the other box. How much does each box weigh?

7. Stacy buys 3 CDs in a set for $29.98. She saved

$6.44 by buying the set instead of buying the
individual CDs. If each CD costs the same amount,
how much does each of the 3 CDs cost when
purchased individually?

8. A school cafeteria sold 1,280 slices of pizza the

first week, 640 the second week, and 320 the
third week. If this pattern continues, in what week
will the cafeteria sell 40 slices? Explain how you
got your answer.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

9. Test Prep While working at the school store, John

sold a jacket for $40.00 and notebooks for $1.50
each. If he collected $92.50, how many notebooks
did he sell?

A 3.5 C 35
B 6.1 D 61

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

234 Standards Practice Book, pp. P115–P116
 Name

Chapter Review/Test
→ Concepts and Skills
Complete the pattern.

1. 341 4 1 5 _ 2. 15 4 1 5 _ 3. 68.2 4 100 5 _

341 4 10 5 _ 15 4 10 5 _ 68.2 4 101 5 _

341 4 100 5 _ 15 4 100 5 _ 68.2 4 102 5 _

341 4 1,000 5 _ 15 4 1,000 5 _

Estimate the quotient.

4. 49.3 4 6 5. 3.5 4 4 6. 396.5 4 18

Divide.

7. 6qw
3.24 8. 5qw
6.55 9. 26qw
96.2

10. 1.08 4 0.4 11. 8.84 4 0.68 12. 7.31 4 1.7

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

13. 9.18 4 0.9 14. 12.7 4 5 15. 8.33 4 0.34

GO Assessment Options
Online Chapter Test
Chapter 5 235
Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

16. The Orchard Pie Company uses 95 pounds of apples to make

100 pies. Each pie contains the same amount of apples. How
many pounds of apples are used in each pie?
A 0.095 pound
B 0.95 pound
C 9.5 pounds
D 95 pounds

17. During a special sale, all CDs have the same price. Mr. Ortiz
pays $228.85 for 23 CDs. Which is the best estimate of the
price of each CD?
A $9
B $10
C $12
D $13

18. Ryan earns $20.16 working for 3 hours. How much does he earn
per hour?
A $60.48
B $6.82
C $6.72
D $6.71

19. Anna hikes 6.4 miles during a 4-day vacation. If she hikes the © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

same distance each day, how many miles does she hike each day?
A 1.06 miles
B 1.1 miles
C 1.4 miles
D 1.6 miles

236
 Name

Fill in the bubble completely to show your answer.

20. Karina pays $1.92 for pencil erasers. The erasers cost $0.08 each.
How many erasers does she buy?
A 2.4
B 2.5
C 24
D 25

21. Wyatt has 25.4 ounces of fruit juice. He divides the juice equally
into 4 glasses. How much juice is in each glass?
A 6 ounces
B 6.35 ounces
C 6.4 ounces
D 6.45 ounces

22. Jacob walks 70.4 feet in 0.2 hour. If he walks at the same rate
the whole time, what is his speed in feet per hour?
A 352 feet per hour
B 140.8 feet per hour
C 35.2 feet per hour
D 14.08 feet per hour
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. Meghan earns $20.00 by walking dogs. She uses all of her
earnings to buy a shirt for $12.85 and some stickers for
$0.65 each. How many stickers does she buy?
A 4.65
B 11
C 46
D 110

Chapter 5 237
→ Constructed Response
24. Percy buys tomatoes that cost $0.58 per pound. He pays $2.03 for
the tomatoes. How many pounds of tomatoes does he buy? Show
your work using words, pictures, or numbers. Explain how you
know your answer is reasonable.

→ Performance Task
25. Isabella is buying art supplies. The table at the right shows the
Art Supplies
prices of the items she wants to buy.
Item Price
A Isabella spends $2.25 on poster boards. How many poster
Glass beads $0.28 per ounce
boards does she buy?
Paintbrush $0.95
Poster board $0.75

B Isabella spends $4.87 on paintbrushes and paint. How many of Jar of paint $0.99

each item does she buy? Explain how you found your answer.

C Isabella spends less than $14.00 for glass beads, paintbrushes,

poster board, and paint. She spends $1.68 on beads and $3.96
on paint. She buys more than 3 poster boards and more than
3 paintbrushes. Find how many ounces of glass beads and how
many jars of paint she buys. Then, suggest the number of poster
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

boards and paintbrushes she might buy for the total spent.

238
 Operations with
Fractions
Developing fluency with addition and subtraction
of fractions, and developing understanding of the
multiplication of fractions and of division of fractions in
limited cases ( unit fractions divided by whole numbers
and whole numbers divided by unit fractions)
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Board operator at a recording studio →

239
 The Rhythm Track
Math and music both involve numbers and patterns of change. In music,
these patterns are called rhythm. We hear rhythm as a number of beats.

number of beats measure measure measure measure

in 1 measure

4 quarters 5 2 halves 5 1 whole 5 2 quarters 1 4 eighths

kind of note
that gets
1 beat

Important Facts
The time signature at the beginning of a line of music
looks like a fraction. It tells the number of beats in each 51
__
2
measure and the kind of note that fills 1 beat. When the
time signature is 4_4 , each 1_4 note or quarter note, is 1 beat. 51
__
4
In the music below, different kinds of notes make up
51
__
each measure. The measures are not marked. Check 8
the time signature. Then draw lines to mark each 1
measure.
5 ___
16

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

240 Chapters 6–8