CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – UNIVERSITY

N. Bacalso Avenue, Cebu City, Philippines

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Department of Architecture

ARCH361 – ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5:

SPACE PLANNING 02 - R6

A PROPOSED MULTI-LEVEL PARKING BUILDING IN ORMOC CITY

PLATE NO. 1

Members:

Theodore Augustine R. Jugo

Nathalie Shane C. Sandoval

September 2024
ABSTRACT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Abstract

Table of Contents

Title

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Objectives

Scope of the Study

SITE DESCRIPTION

Site Analysis

Zoning and Regulatory Requirements

Topography and Environmental Conditions

Space Requirements

USER NEEDS AND ACCESSIBILITY

Target Users

Accessibility Standards
 Pedestrian and Vehicular Flow

DESIGN AND LAYOUT

Parking Layout and Space Optimization

Circulation Design

Aesthetic Integration

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Energy Efficiency

Stormwater Management

TECHNOLOGICAL INTEGRATION

Smart Parking Solutions

Electrical Vehicle (EV) Charging Infrastructure

CASE STUDIES AND PRECEDENTS

Analysis of Successful Multi-Storey Parking Projects

Innovative Design Solutions

CONCLUSION

Key Findings

Concept Statement
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

As the population in the country continuously increases, urban areas have

expanded rapidly which led to the increase of vehicle ownership and demand for

mobility. Due to the alarmingly increasing amount of car ownership, mitigation of

traffic challenges have been difficult to manage and parking spaces are nearly

impossible to find. Parking conflicts are one of the common issues that designers,

operators, planners and other authorities involved are facing today, mainly because

there are minimal available spaces to allocate parking facilities and poor planning of

existing parking areas.

Ormoc city is a 1st class city situated near a coastal bay in the province of

Leyte, Philippines and was the first non-provincial city in the country. Its name was

derived from the old Visayan term “ogmok”, which means lowland or depressed

plain. Ormoc city is said to be the economic, cultural, commercial and transportation

hub of western Leyte. As of the 2020 census, the city’s population is estimated to be

230,998, accounting for 13% of Leyte province's total population and 5.08% of the

Eastern Visayas region's overall population. With the city’s rapid growth of their

population, vehicular traffic challenges increased and public parking facilities

became limited. This prompted the government to come up with a strategic solution

wherein parking spaces can be optimized, enhancing mobility and improving overall

urban experience. Multi-level parking building is one of the many solutions that offers

a strategic solution for traffic congestion in urban areas as it assists car owners with

a secure and optimized parking space. Basically, a multi-level parking building is a

structure with multiple floor levels designated for parking, essentially, it is an indoor
stacked parking facility. Due to the shortage of parking areas, vertical parking is

much preferred over horizontal parking since vertical parking can accommodate

multiple vehicles within a small area.

The researchers proposed designing a multi-level parking building that will be

five (5) stories high. This building will not only function as a parking facility, but will

serve as a center for local economic activities in the area through providing rentable

commercial spaces, roof garden and other social spaces such as a food hub. The

researchers will ensure to apply the following design considerations and comply with

different building code requirements before the process of the design itself.
Objectives of the Study

This study aims to address traffic challenges in the urban area and propose

an efficient design for the multi-level parking building in Ormoc city that is located in

a strategic location. The study will be evaluating on the following key design

considerations:

1. Site Conditions: Assess the environmental and climatic conditions of the

site. Additionally, traffic conditions will also be assessed

2. User Needs and Accessibility: Evaluate target users to effectively

accommodate their needs. In addition, integration of elevators and ramps

shall be considered for easy access for users, also accommodating PWDs.

3. Compliance to Building Code Requirements: Ensure that the proposed

design solution will be complying with the local building requirements of

Ormoc city and

4. Safety and Security: Apply safety and security measures through complying

with the standard requirements and designing clear spaces for passage and

emergency exits.

5. Sustainability: Incorporating green building practices, energy-efficient design

elements and renewable energy resources.

6. Integration of Technology: Integrating smart parking solutions through

7. Design Concept: Create a design solution wherein the concept connects with

the environment and the city’s identity itself.

With the data acquired, the researchers will be able to create an efficient

design to improve public transport systems in the Ormoc city and easily

accommodate target users in a hassle-free environment.

Scope of the Study

The researchers will be focusing on improving car mobility and parking

facilities within Ormoc city only. No further research will be conducted that goes

beyond the data of Ormoc city alone. The research will be collecting data on the

city’s demographics, history and culture and percentage of car population. Identifying

the locals’ needs will be studied in order to address a suitable and sustainable

design solution. In addition, the researchers will be conducting further research on

new technologies associated with parking facilities that will be applied to the design

solution for better efficiency and convenience for the users.

 SITE DESCRIPTION

The location of the site is the center of an urban area, surrounded by busy

streets, commercial structures, and is only a few meters away from the Ormoc city

port. Due to the lack of parking spaces within the area, it is evident how frequently

the government had to face vehicular traffic challenges. The site for the proposed

project is a Through Lot with an area of 6,487.04sqm and a perimeter of 343.35m. It

is in the city proper bounded by Lopez Jaena St. on the north, Rizal Street on the

east, and Real Street on the west.

Site Analysis

Zoning and Regulatory Requirements

Topography and Environmental Conditions

Ormoc city is situated in the northwestern part of Leyte, Philippines. The city’s

topography ranges from rolling hills to flat plains, with rugged volcanic mountains

located up north of Ormoc. The elevated regions and terrains offers fertile land

suitable for agriculture, while the flat plains and lowlands are crucial for housing and

infrastructure.

Space Requirements
 USER NEEDS AND ACCESSIBILITY

Target Users

The site is surrounded by various commercial buildings such as banks,

pawnshops, hotels, inns, bakeshops, fast food restaurants, clinics, and etc. Along

Real St. on the west side of the site location is the Ormoc port terminal. As what the

researchers have observed, it is concluded that the possible target users for this

project would be tourists arriving from the Ormoc port, the locals, daily commuters,

and workers within the area.

Accessibility Standards

According to BP344, it is required for public building facilities must be

designed with general provisions to accommodate not just the public’s easy access

but also PWDs. The following features include ramps, accessible restrooms,

sidewalks, signage, elevators, and etc.

1.1 Accessible Ramps

The ramp should have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m and gradient

not steeper than 1:12. Minimum ramp length of 3m shall be followed and the

maximum length should not exceed beyond 6m, unless provided with landings

with a minimum length of 1.50m. “J” type handrails are recommended and

should be placed on both sides at 900mm and 700mm high from finish

ramp/landing level. A 300mm long extension of the handrail shall be provided

at the top and bottom of the ramps and a minimum height of 100mm for the
 curbs on both sides of the ramp. Warning tactile blocks are recommended to

be placed at the starting and ending point of the ramp.

Pedestrian and Vehicular Flow

 DESIGN AND LAYOUT

Every structure that is standing to this day has its own unique design and

layout to distinguish its own identity, specifically for parking structures. Some unique

designs for parking structures or multi-storey parking lots include rectangular shape,

circular shape, and depending on the location the car park may be sloping. Many car

parks are independent buildings that serve the same purpose as a parking lot. Some

parking spaces are located underground as part of the basement.

Parking Layout and Space Optimization

When it comes to designing parking lots, we should consider its

dimensions and follow standards. According to the National Building Code of

the Philippines, under rule 7 the size of an average automobile parking slot,

must be computed at 2.5 meters by 5.0 meters for perpendicular or diagonal

parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.0 meters for parallel parking. With different

styles of parking a vehicle an in depth explanation is provided for its image,

advantages, disadvantages, and description.

Perpendicular Parking

Perpendicular parking is a 90 degree parking slot to the curb, it is the most

common type of parking configuration.

 Advantages Disadvantages

● Drivers are able to leave the ● Reversing out can be

parking slot easily. challenging since the largest
● It allows drivers to access blind spot in most vehicles is in
anything from the trunk to the the rear.
hood without being hit by ● Children, Shopping Carts, or
another automobile. other Vehicles can get in the
way causing unwanted
crashes.

Diagonal Parking/Angled Parking

Diagonal Parking is a type of parking configuration in which a vehicle is

parked diagonally at an angle in a certain degree and it provides more space than

perpendicular parking.
Parallel Parking

Parallel Parking is a type of parking configuration in which a vehicle is parked

parallel to the road, in line with other parked vehicles.

 Advantages Disadvantages

● It allows the driver to snugly fit ● Parallel-parking maneuver

a vehicle into a spot along the requires a substantial amount of
curb. time.
● Maximizing the area in which ● This way of parking disrupts the
automobiles will pass through. flow of traffic.
● May cause crashes to other
parked automobiles.

Buildings/Structures share the same problem, that is space and traffic flow. In

planning the spaces,specifically parking areas, there are a several solutions to the

problem:

a. Implementing a parking management system.

b. Light sensors in each parking slot to easily find a vacant spot.

c. Opting for a vertical parking system using mechanical car lifts.

d. Provide designated parking space for PWDs and Employees.

e. Maximizing the spaces by separating 4-wheeled and 2-wheeled vehicles.

Focusing on mechanical car lifts for a solution to space problems. Its system

uses hydraulic pressure to raise and to lower the platform, providing sturdy and

stable means of lifting automobiles. There are types of mechanical car lifts such as:

Two-post Lifts, Four-post Lifts, Scissor Lifts, and In-Ground Lifts. In-ground lifts are

installed into the floor, providing a discreet and space-saving solution for raising

vehicles. Images are provided below.

Two-Post Lifts

Two-post lifts are the most common type of hydraulic car lifts, with its simple

design, it is also cost-effective for someone who is considering using it.

Four-Post Lifts

Four-post lifts provide a solid platform ensuring the vehicles safety, most

commonly used in professional garages.

Scissor Lifts

Scissor lifts are a type of lift that raises the vehicle higher than usual, it is most

common in body and paint shops.

In-Ground Lifts

In-ground lifts are installed into the floor, providing a discreet and space-

saving solution for raising vehicles.

Circulation Design

Any parking areas/structures require easy flowing traffic to reduce time for

drivers. Implementing pedestrian lanes, making entrances and exits more visible,

providing directions so drivers will not get lost, creating a loading and unloading

zone, and setting up designated walkways to further optimize and maximize a

parking space. Like any other buildings, multi-storey parking spaces have their own

circulation for easy access to each level. Ramps should be implemented for smooth

transition from floor to floor, considering the turning radius of an average vehicle

which is between 10.4-10.7 meters. In planning for ramps, the slope should not

exceed 20% and for ramps with a slope greater than 10%, provide transitions of at

least 2.40 meters at each end of the ramp and at ½ slope and a width of 7 meters.

Ramp Layouts

I. Split Level car park with separate entry and exit circulation with short

down (exit) ramp system

The ramp systems that go up and down have been divided. The

remaining bays are theoretically included in the up- (or entry-) ramp system,

while the down-ramp system is brief.

 II. Split level car park with combined entry and exit circulation and with

end ramps

The structure's ends are where the incline ramps are located. The up-

and-down ramps' scissor arrangement has a poor dynamic capacity since the

intersections of merging traffic streams have short sight distances.

III. Split level car park with separate entry and exit circulation and with

short up (entry) and down (exit) ramp systems

The split-level layout's compactness, internal ramp system, and

spaciousness are its main draws. Occupied at the very least by the ramps. It

could be challenging to methodically look for an empty bay.

IV. Ramped floor car park with separate entry and departure parking ramps

The down parking ramp is end-to-end with the up parking ramp, which

may cause crashes and confusion between drivers.

V. Warped slab car park

The ramp systems are integrated into floors that are designed to fall.

There's usually only one aisle. The arrangement is equally flexible as the flat-

deck arrangement. Remember that the biggest gradient is found on the

central crossing when using the warped-slab design.

Aesthetic Integration

(The designers took an interest in implementing green architecture and at the

same time wanting to be bold like brutalism, with historic buildings here in the

Philippines that used bare concrete for the facade, we took inspiration [Link]

architectural style is also known as eco brutalism, with the boldness of brutalism and

the liveliness of green architecture the designers thought of it as a great pair.

With buildings that are mediocre in Ormoc City, the designers decided to bring

up liveliness to the area, providing a sense of comfort through the design. Since the

site is near the port, the designers decided to harmonize with the sea giving not only

liveliness but also freshness. The goal is to make people use its senses when

walking through the building, providing sense of place and )

Table 1.1

Parking Advantages Disadvantages

Configurations

Parallel Parking ● It allows the driver to ● Parallel-parking

snugly fit a vehicle into maneuver requires a
a spot along the curb. substantial amount of
● Maximizing the area in time.
which automobiles will ● This way of parking
pass through. disrupts the flow of
traffic.
● May cause crashes
to other parked
automobiles.

REFERENCES:
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