5 BASIC TYPE OF ACTIVITIES

1. SOCIAL – involve people from outside

the family
2. FAMILY – involve family members
3. INDIVIDUAL – involve only one person
4. PRIVATE – require visual & audio
HOUSE PLAN privacy
5. WORK – accomplish a specific task
FLOOR PLAN
• Plan of an interior space
• Way the rooms are arranged and
BUFFERS
how spaces are used within the • Can separate zones
house - Walls
• Outline of space - Doors
• Delineates the structural elements - Closet
that physically limit and enclose the - Room dividers
space - Large-scale furniture

ELEVATION PRIVACY
• Gives a straight on view as if u were • Highly valued
standing in from of a wall • Secluded and not in direct sight nor
• Technical drawing; drawn to scale sound transfer

3 BASIC ZONES OF A HOUSE GOOD FAMILY CIRCULATION

1. LIVING/SOCIAL/PUBLIC ZONE – for • Bathroom should be close to BR
social and family activities; nonfamily • Indoor living next to outdoor living
allowed (LR, DR) • Related rooms close to each other
2. PRIVATE ZONE – for individual and • High use routes should be short and
private activities (BR, Bathroom) simple
3. WORK ZONE – for work activities that
supports the household’s lifestyle
(Kitchen, Laundry, Home Office)
IMPORTANT ROOM RELATIONSHIPS
• Bathroom and bedroom
INTERIOR ZONING CONCEPT • Kitchen and dining
• Mudroom and garage
• All 3 zone must be present • Kitchen and outdoor living space
• Interior zones should be split • Living and dining areas
• Members should not have to cross
through middle of one zone to get to
another
OTHER ASPECTS OF GOOD WORK FENG SHUI BELIEF
CIRCULATION
• BEDROOM
• Easy access to basement, garage, o Headboard sharing wall with toilet - to
and storage areas neutralize the rushing energy from the
• Clothes care center in a convenient toilet
location o Main door facing directly to bed
- If married, high chance of extra-
marital affairs or heated
OPEN SPACE PLANNING argument caused by gossips
- If single, will attract courtship with
• Where LR, DR and K are all combined bad motive or “shot gun” situation
with no walls separating them o Wall corner facing the bed
• Advantage: - Cause on to have a visual
- Reduce reduction cost pressure;
- Reduce time for cleaning - will feel like a ‘knife’ cutting onto
- Increase of space available the body
- Flexibility o Having a room within a bedroom - If
- More effective transmission of air area < 1/3 of whole BR, not
considered as a room
• TOILET
CLOSED FLOOR PLANS o Toilet door facing head – will affect
quality of sleep
• Have separate rooms o Main door facing toilet – will cause
• Traditional loss of wealth or difficulty in
accumulating money; money will be
flushed away instantly
CONSIDER CLIENT’S SPECIAL REQUEST • KITCHEN
OR TRADITION o Kitchen door facing kitchen stove
- Cause the family unable to
• Panic Room accumulate wealth
• Secret Room - Cause family not to be able to get
- Panic room and secret room is a well together
fortified room to provide a safe - Making family’s health to be more
shelter or hiding place prone to accidents
• Vault Room • STUDY/OFFICE DESK
• Feng Shui Belief – ancient Chinese o Study desk back facing door
traditional practice which claims to - Will give a sense of insecurity and
use energy forces to harmonize easily distracted
individuals with environment - Symbolize lack of
support/assistance from
benefactor
- will attract back stabber
• STAIRS
o Stairs pointing toward the main door –
cause Chi to rush out in the main
door, difficulties for the head of the
household, neck and head problems
o Stairs opposite bedroom door – cause
energy to flow out of the bedroom,
thyroid and depression
o Stairs pointing toward a window – Chi
run out the window

~ Curved staircase (positive)

~ L-shape or straight stairs (positive)
~ Spiral staircase (negative) STRUCTURAL DESIGN COMPUTATION
~ Split or scissor-style stair (negative)
• Required by building codes
• Done either manually or by use of
computer (STAAD, Etabs)
SCALE – 1:100 or ¼” = 1ft

CRITICAL PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY

7 THINGS YOU SHOULD MEAURE WHEN
STRUCTURAL DESIGN ENGINEER
CREATING A FLOOR PLAN
1. Correct sizes of footings – be able to
1. Length and Width of Room support dead and live loads
Location of: 2. Right sizes of columns – to not
collapse due to dead and live load
2. Doors 3. Adequate thickness of roof and floor
3. Windows (+ moldings) slabs and spacing of reinforcing bars
4. Closet – to withstand the loads to be
5. Fireplaces supported
6. Electrical Supply 4. Safe sizes or reinforced beams and
7. Radiators girders and steel reinforcements – be
able to resist flexural stresses
5. Strength of High-rise – to withstand
ORIENTATION the laterals forces of strong
earthquakes and winds
• The way a housing unit is situated on 6. Soil test – to determine the capacity
the lot of foundation bed to support
• Affect space plan’s efficiency and superstructure
arrangement
• East-west orientation – best
• Position windows to take advantage
of cross breeze CONSEQUENCES OF CONSTRUCTING
BUILDING BASED ON PLAN WITHOUT
THE CORRESPONDING STRUCTURAL
DESIGN COMPUTATION
• if oversized – waste or material, time
and labor
• if undersized – not safe to occupy;
may collapse during earthquake and
storm
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SPECIFICATION AND DRAWING –
SIMILARITIES
• Part of the “contract” bet. Owner
and the contractor
• Use the same language and terms
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION • Work together and cannot be used
or developed separately
• includes how the work will be done,
quality of workmanship and methods
of testing.
SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT
• One of the basic components that
SPECIFICATION – document that make up the contract bet owner and
describes in words that cannot be contractor
visualized or explained in a drawing or • CONTRACT
model - Administrative
- Specifications
DRAWING – graphical representation of
- Drawings
work
- Data sheets

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
FACTORS ON WHICH SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATION AND DRAWING –
DEPENDS:
DIFFERENCES
• Nature of the work
• DRAWING
• Strength of materials
- Graphically show the
• Availability of materials
components in relation to the rest
• Quality of materials
of the building
- Show a symbol representing a
component not drawn to scale
- Provide dimension FOUR TYPES OF SPECIFICATIONS
- Annotations specific to the 1. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
component placement - Document that specified the
• SPECIFICATION operational requirements of a
- Provide component specification component or installation
of performance, size, and weight 2. DESCRIPTIVE SPECIFICATION
- Component labelling and testing - Convey requirements of a project
requirements through a detailed explanation of
- Provide direction to the the materials that contractor must
contractor in the executions of use and the means of installing
construction 3. PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATION
- Require the use of a single
approved product type for any
particular installation
 - Often used in cases where there is 5. SENTENCE STRUCTURE
existing equipment of installations • Two basic grammatical sentence
already on site moods:
4. REFERENCE STANDARD A. IMPERATIVE MOOD
SPECIFICATION - Recommended method for
- Uses recognizes industry standards instructions covering installation of
rather than individually written products and equipment
product or installation criteria - Concise and readily
- Must be reviewed to avoid understandable
duplications and contradictions B. INDICATIVE MOOD
- Passive voice requires the use of
shall in nearly every statement
SPECIFICATIONS WRITING - Can cause unnecessary
wordiness and monotony
1. SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE • Ex:
• 4 Cs Imperative: spread adhesive with
- CLEAR – use proper grammar and notched trowel
simple sentence to avoid Indicative: adhesive shall be spread
ambiguity with notched trowel
- CONCISE – eliminate unnecessary
words 6. CAPITALIZATION
- CORRECT – present information • Agreement – specific form signed to
accurately and precisely execute the contract
- COMPLETE – do not leave out • Architect
important information • Article
• Change Order – when issued as a
2. WRITING STLYE modification to a contract
• Good writing style is characterized by • Contract
accuracy, brevity, and clarity • Contractor
• Long, complex sentences and stilted
language do not contribute to 7. GRAMMAR
effective communication A. SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT
- Subject and verb must always
3. VOCABULARY agree in number
• Words should be carefully selected - Singular verb in singular subject;
and used for precise meaning plural verb in plural subject
• Use words consistently throughout the B. PARALLEL CONSTRUCTION
specification - Use of identical style in both parts
• Amount – money of a compound subject or
• Quantity – number, linear measure, predicate
area, volume
8. INAPPROPRIATE TERMS
4. SPELLING – Should be correct and • Missing object:
consistent; based on particular - As allowed
dictionary - As approved
- As necessary
• Adverbs:
- Wherein
 - Herewith • 07 – Thermal And Moisture Protection
- Hereinbefore • 08 – Doors And Windows
• Articles: • 09 – Finishes
- Any • 10 – Specialties
- All • 11 – Equipment
- Such • 12 – Furnishing
• Words and expression; • 13 – Special Construction
- Etc. • 14 – Conveying Systems
- As per • 15 – Mechanical/Plumbing
- Also • 16 - Electrical
- Shall function as intended

9. PRONOUN REFERENCE
• Use of pronouns in specification
should be minimized or avoided
• Personal pronouns shall not be used

MASTER FORMAT
- Used throughout the construction
industry to format specification for QUANTITY SURVEY
constructions contract
• process that deals with the
documents
monitoring and management of
- To assist the user in organizing
construction project costs
information into distinct groups
• QUANTITY MEASUREMENT – relies on
- Organized in a standardized
sophisticated measurement rules that
outline format within 50 divisions
are understood by experienced
(16 division pre-2004)
practitioners.
- Who benefits:
• QUANTITY SURVEYING – estimation of
~ construction specifiers,
quantities and cost of different items
architects and engineers
of work to be executed in a project
~ design, estimating and
preconstruction teams
~ general contractors, project
manager BILL OF QUANTITIES
~ building product
- document prepared by a
manufacturer
quantity surveyor or cost
consultant
MASTER FORMAT 1995 EDITION - define the quality and quantity of
works required to be carried out
• Division 01 – General Requirement by the main contractor to
• 02 – Site Works complete a project.
• 03 – Concrete
• 04 – Masonry
• 05 – Metals
• 06 – Wood And Plastics
TENDER TAKING OFF QUANTITIES - process of
measuring dimensions from working
- submission of a quotation. drawings and recording them in a
- quotation – price that a firm systematic and concise manner along
charges to offer a good or service
with the description of each item

IMPORTANT QUALITIES OF A GOOD METHODS OF TAKING OFF QUANTITIES

QUANTITY SURVEYOR
1. Centre line Method
• Accuracy - method is used to determine the
• Thoroughness quantity of wall or any
• Ability to reconcile quantity and cost construction building.
- effective for walls which contain
identical cross sections. To quickly
REQUIRED SKILLS OF QUANTITY determine the total quantity, the
SURVEYORS total centre line length is
multiplied with breadth and
• Ability to understand the drawing depth of related item.
details, design drawings, shop
drawings, and as-builts.
• Excellent knowledge of the
calculation of the areas and
volumes, and knowledge of fees of
workers, technicians, rules, and law of
the contracts.
• Knowledge of the productivity of the
workers and technicians

2. In and Out Method (Long Wall and

QUANTITY SURVEYING SERVICES Short wall method)
AVAILED INTO TWO PHASES: - wall across the length of room is
treated as long wall whereas the
1. Pre-tender Phase - include all the
wall vertical to long wall is
activities prior to the announcement
considered as short wall.
of tenders, which usually involves
- To obtain the length of longwall or
preparation of documents and
shortwall, initially work out the
may/may not include
centre line lengths of individual
prequalification.
walls. Then the length of long wall,
2. Post tender Phase – means the
(out to out) should have been
activities which follows the selection
computed as soon as half
of the bidder/contractor until
breadth is at each end to its
conclusion of the contract and take
centre line length.
over the project.
- Thus the length of short wall
measured into in and is obtained
by subtracting half breadth from
its centre line length at each end.
 • Complete Description of Item
• Unit of Item
• Quantities of Item executed 6. Rate
of Item (as per BOQ)
• Total Amount of Individual Item
• Total Billed Amount
• Standard Deduction, as applicable

2 TAKING-OFF METHODS COST ESTIMATES:

1. English Method • RATE ANALYSIS
- Taking off (dimension from the - determine the current rate per
drawings) unit of an item at the locality
- Grouping them - to examine the viability of rates
- Billing or Bill of Quantities offered by, to the client, or
• The quantities of the various items contractor, to fix up the agency
are worked out a measurement or or labor contractor to do the job,
dimension form and then quantities and to fix the cost targets
of identical items are grouped towards labor, material,
together and written on an abstract equipment, and other heads and
form. to measure the performance of
• The measurement form or the taking the project in financial terms
– off sheet or the dimension sheet is - classified under three heads
a full – sized paper, double ruled A. Direct expenses
B. Indirect expenses
2. PWD Method C. Profit
- Taking out (dimensions from the
relevant drawings)
- Squaring the dimensions
- Abstracting

ABSTRACTING – the process by means

of which the quantities of items of
identical character and description are
collected from the “take-off sheets”, WHY BUILDING PERMIT IS
totaled and deduction made in order to
arrive at the net total quantities of
IMPORTANT?
respective items and in trade-wise order • a legal document that proves to the
government and other licensed
officials that the individual is following
BILLING – it is a claim for the amount of the appropriate guidelines and
work done or materials supplied. It is policies
consisting of: • used for planning and building
commercial and residential structures
• Work Order or Agreement No.
• Item No.
• contains the rules and regulations
that must be followed by architects,
engineers, contractors,
homebuilders, electricians and
plumbers to ensure the safety of the
structure before, during and after its
completion, and safety and security
of those who will be working in order
to build it along with its current and
future occupants.

WHAT IS A BUILDING PERMIT?

• A legal document which has the
necessary information about a
residential and commercial structure.

WHEN IS A BUILDING PERMIT NEEDED?

• When you build a structure
• Needed if you wish to renovate an
existing structure
• Needed to submit before
construction begins
• when installing a new roof or when
adding a veranda, deck or porch to
a house
• when renovating a detached
building