Emphysema mcqs
1. **Which of the following is the most common cause of emphysema
A) Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
B) Long-term smoking
C) Air pollution
D) Occupational exposure
2. **A 60-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents with progressive dyspnea and a
chronic cough. Which type of emphysema is most likely to be present?**
A) Centriacinar
B) Paraseptal
C) Distal acinar
D) Irregular
3. **What is the primary pathological change observed in emphysema?**
A) Mucous gland hyperplasia
B) Destruction of alveolar walls
C) Bronchoconstriction
D) Inflammation of pleura
4. **A patient presents with sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. A chest X-ray shows a large
pneumothorax. What underlying condition might be contributing to this presentation?**
A) Centriacinar emphysema
B) Distal acinar emphysema
C) Asthma
D) Pulmonary fibrosis
5. **Which of the following would be least likely to contribute to the development of emphysema?**
A) Tobacco smoke
B) Exposure to coal dust
C) Regular aerobic exercise
D) Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
6. **In a patient with emphysema, which of the following clinical findings is most characteristic?**
A) Productive cough with green sputum
B) Clubbing of fingers
C) Barrel-shaped chest
D) Cyanosis
7. **A 45-year-old female with no smoking history presents with early-onset emphysema. Which test
would you most likely order to investigate further?**
A) Spirometry
B) Alpha-1 antitrypsin level
C) CT scan of the chest
D) Chest X-ray
8. **Which of the following statements about emphysema is true?**
A) It is primarily a disease of the bronchial tubes.
B) It can lead to right-sided heart failure.
C) It is completely reversible with smoking cessation.
D) It always presents with significant cough.
9. A 70-year-old male presents with progressive shortness of breath and is diagnosed with emphysema.
Which of the following would be the most effective long-term management strategy?**
A) Antibiotics
B) Oxygen therapy
C) Smoking cessation
D) Corticosteroids
10. **Which histological finding is commonly associated with centriacinar emphysema?**
A) Destruction of alveolar sacs
B) Hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium
C) Infiltration of neutrophils
D) Distension of respiratory bronchioles
11. **A patient with severe emphysema is referred for surgical evaluation. What procedure may be
considered for certain patients?**
A) Lung transplant
B) Lung volume reduction surgery
C) Bronchial thermoplasty
D) Pleurodesis
12. **In a young male with spontaneous pneumothorax and a family history of lung disease, which
genetic condition should be considered?**
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
C) Marfan syndrome
D) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
13. **Which of the following is a common complication of emphysema?**
A) Pulmonary embolism
B) Pneumonia
C) Lung cancer
D) All of the above
14. **In a patient with emphysema, which of the following pulmonary function test results is
expected?**
A) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
B) Increased FEV1/FVC ratio
C) Normal lung volumes
D) Increased diffusion capacity
15. **A 50-year-old man with emphysema has difficulty exhaling fully. Which type of respiratory pattern
is likely observed during a physical examination?**
A) Cheyne-Stokes respiration
B) Kussmaul breathing
C) Pursed-lip breathing
D) Biot's respiration
Chronic bronchitis
1. **Which of the following is the hallmark symptom of chronic bronchitis?**
A) Intermittent wheezing
B) Persistent productive cough
C) Chest pain
D) Shortness of breath during exercise
2. **A 65-year-old female with a 50-pack-year smoking history presents with a chronic cough and
copious sputum production. What is the most likely underlying pathology?**
A) Alveolar wall destruction
B) Mucous gland hyperplasia
C) Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
D) Interstitial fibrosis
3. **What is the main diagnostic criterion for chronic bronchitis?**
A) A cough lasting more than 3 months
B) FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%
C) Elevated serum alpha-1 antitrypsin levels
D) Presence of bronchiectasis on imaging
4. **A patient with chronic bronchitis is experiencing worsening dyspnea. Which of the following would
be a typical finding on physical examination?**
A) Decreased tactile fremitus
B) Use of accessory muscles for breathing
C) Cyanosis of fingers and toes
D) Silent chest on auscultation
5. **Which of the following environmental exposures is most strongly associated with chronic
bronchitis?**
A) Occupational dust and fumes
B) Pesticides
C) High-altitude living
D) Cold weather
6. **A 58-year-old male presents with chronic cough and sputum production. Which of the following
treatments would be most beneficial in managing his symptoms?**
A) Inhaled corticosteroids
B) Beta-2 agonists
C) Antibiotics
D) Smoking cessation
7. **In chronic bronchitis, what effect does inflammation of the bronchial walls typically have on
airflow?**
A) Increased airflow
B) Decreased airflow
C) No change in airflow
D) Variable airflow depending on the patient
8. **Which of the following findings on a chest X-ray is most consistent with chronic bronchitis?**
A) Hyperinflation of lungs
B) Opacities in the upper lobes
C) Flattening of the diaphragm
D) Normal findings
9. **A 70-year-old female with chronic bronchitis has increased sputum production and a fever. What is
the most likely diagnosis?**
A) Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
B) Pneumonia
C) Lung cancer
D) Congestive heart failure
10. **Which of the following is a potential complication of chronic bronchitis?**
A) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Pulmonary embolism
11. **In chronic bronchitis, which pulmonary function test result is expected?**
A) Increased FEV1
B) Normal FEV1/FVC ratio
C) Decreased FEV1
D) Increased diffusion capacity
12. **A 45-year-old male presents with a history of chronic cough and recent weight loss. What
additional test should be considered to rule out malignancy?**
A) Chest X-ray
B) Sputum cytology
C) Spirometry
D) Bronchodilator response testing
13. **What is the primary mechanism by which smoking contributes to chronic bronchitis?**
A) Inhibition of surfactant production
B) Damage to alveolar epithelial cells
C) Inflammation and hyperplasia of mucous glands
D) Fibrosis of lung interstitium
14. **Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage chronic bronchitis
exacerbations?**
A) Oral corticosteroids
B) Antihistamines
C) Mucolytics
D) Long-acting anticholinergics
15. **A patient presents with chronic bronchitis and exhibits a "blue bloater" phenotype. What does
this indicate?**
A) Primarily emphysema with a chronic cough
B) Chronic bronchitis with significant hypoxemia and obesity
