The Sharpeville Massacre and
the Soweto Uprising / Die
Sharpeville Slagting en die
Soweto Opstande
1960: Sharpeville Massacre and Langa
March. / 1960: Die Sharpeville – Slagting
en die Langa - Optog
► In 1959, 300 members of the ANC, led by Robert Sobukwe,
broke away to form the PAC (Pan Africanist Congress)
rejecting the multi – racial approach of the ANC. / In 1959
het 300 lede van die ANC, gelei deur Robert Sobukwe,
weggebreek om die PAC (Pan – Africanist Congress) te stig. Die
PAC het die veelrassige beleid van die ANC verwerp.
► On 21 March, 1960, the PAC organized country – wide
protests against pass laws. / Op 21 Maart 1960 het die
PAC landwye betogings teen passwette georganiseer.
► Robert Sobukwe led the march in Soweto, Nyakalae
Tsolo in Sharpeville and Philip Kgosana in Langa, Cape
Town. / Robert Sobukwe het die betoging in Soweto
gelei, Nyakale Tsolo in Sharpeville en Phillip Kgosana in
Langa in die Kaap.
Protest against pass laws
► At Sharpeville, police opened fire on the crowd, killing 69
people and wounding 180. / By Sharpville het polisie op die
skare geskiet, 69 mense is dood en 180 is gewond.
► On 28 March, there was a national stay away to mark a day of
mourning for these victims. / Op 28 Maart was daar ‘n
nasionale dag van rou vir die slagoffers.
► After Sharpeville, Robert Sobukwe was imprisoned on
Robben Island. / Na Sharpeville is Robert Sobukwe na die tronk
op Robben Eiland gestuur.
Sharpeville
Robert Sobukwe
► Both the PAC (Pan African Congress) and the ANC
(African National Congress) were banned on 8
April 1960 and forced underground. / Beide die
PAC (Pan – Africanist Congress) en die ANC (African
National Congress) is op 8 April 1960 verban en
ondergronds gedwing.
► Sharpeville marked the end of peaceful resistance to
apartheid and the beginning of the armed struggle. In 1961,
the ANC launched their armed wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe
(MK), and the PAC formed an underground military wing
known as Poqo. / Sharpeville het die einde van vreedsame
verset teen apartheid en die begin van die gewapende stryd
aangedui. In 1961 het die ANC hul gewapende vleuel,
Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) van stapel gestuur en die PAC het ‘n
ondergrondse militêre vleuel, bekend as POQO, gestig.
MK / Poqo
► On 31 May 1961, Prime Minister HF Verwoerd led
South Africa out of the Commonwealth and declared
South Africa a Republic. / Op 31 Mei 1961 het Eerste
Minister H.F. Verwoerd Suid – Afrika uit die Statebond
gelei en Suid – Afrika tot Republiek verklaar.
1976:Soweto Uprising / 1976: Soweto
Opstand
► Various factors led to the 1976 Soweto Uprising: the black
consciousness movement, organized student activism, the
liberation of Mozambique and Angola, Bantu Education, and,
importantly, Afrikaans as the required medium of instruction
in black schools.
► Verskeie faktore het tot die 1976 Soweto – opstand aanleiding
gegee: die swartbewussynbeweging, georganiseerde studente –
aktivisme, die bevryding van Mosambiek en Angola, Bantoe –
Onderwys, en baie belangrik, Afrikaans as verpligte
onderrigmedium in swart skole.
Steve Biko
► On 16 June 1976, learners, led by Tsietsi Mashinini,
marched through Soweto. / Op 16 Junie 1976 het
duisende leerlinge, gelei deur Tsietsi Mashinini, deur
Soweto gemarsjeer.
► The police opened fire on the students, officially
killing 23. / Die polisie het op die leerlinge losgebrand
en amptelik 23 doodgeskiet.
Soweto Uprising
► Following this incident, the student protests spilled over into
other parts of South Africa. On 11 August, 33 people were
shot dead by police in Langa township outside Cape Town. /
Die student – protesaksie het na ander dele van Suid – Afrika
oorgespoel. Op 11 Augustus is 33 mense deur die polisie in die
Langa – woongebied buite Kaapstad doodgeskiet.
► After 16 June, Tsietsi Mashinini went into exile. / Na 16
Junie het Tsietsi Mashinini in ballingskap gegaan.
► The effect of the student uprising was huge: the apartheid
government would never again gain full control of Black
South Africans. / Die invloed van die student – opstande was
enorm: die apartheidsregering sou nooit weer volle beheer oor
Swart Suid – Afrikaners verkry nie.
► About 5 000 young people fled the townships and joined the
liberation movement in exile. / Ongeveer 5 000 jongmense
het uit townships gevlug en in ballingskap by die
bevrydingsbeweging aangesluit.
► Many of them returned to South Africa some years later as
trained cadres of MK’s 16 June Detachment. / Baie van hulle
het jare later teruggekeer as opgeleide kaders van MK se Junie
– afdeling.
► Inside South Africa, worker unions and students started
playing an increasingly political role. / Binne Suid – Afrika het
vakbonde en studente ‘n toenemende politieke rol begin speel.
South African Trade Unions
1990: Release of Nelson Mandela and the
unbanning of liberation movements / 1990: Die
Vrylating van Nelson Mandela en die ontbanning van
die vryheidsbewegings.
► In the 1980’s, trade unions and township and civic
organizations continued to fight apartheid oppression. /
Vakbonde en township – en burgerlike organisasies het in die
1980’s voortgegaan om die onderdrukking weens apartheid te
beveg.
► MK and APLA continued to attack targets in the country. / MK
en APLA het voortgegaan om teikens in die land aan te val.
► The United Democratic Front (UDF) was formed in 1983 and
COSATU in 1985. / Die United Democratic Front is in 1983
gestig en COSATU is in 1985 gestig.
► On 2 February 1990, President F.W de Klerk unbanned the
ANC, PAC and other organizations. / Op 2 Februarie 1990 het
President F.W de Klerk die ANC, PAC en ander organisasies
ontban.
MK and Poqo attacks
F.W de Klerk
► On 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela was released from
prison. / Op 11 Februarie 1990 was Nelson Mandela uit die
tronk vrygelaat.
► Negotiations between the government (National Party), the
ANC and other parties toward a political settlement would
last almost four years. / Onderhandelinge onderweg na ‘n
politieke skikking tussen die regering (Nasionale Party), die
ANC en ander politieke partye sou byna vier jaar duur.
Nelson Mandela
► The period 1990 – 1994 was marked with terrible violence:
ANC (African National Congress) vs the IFP (Inkatha Freedom
Party) violence, the Bisho and Boipatong massacres, the
assassination of Chris Hani, and the right wing and Third
Force Violence. / Die tydperk 1990 – 1994 is deur onsettende
geweld gekenmerk; ANC (African National Congress) vs IFP
(Inkatha Freedom Party), die slagtings in Boipatong en Bisho,
die Sluipmoord op Chris Hani, en geweld uit die geledere van
die regtervleuel en Derde Mag.
Boipatong
Bisho
Chris Hani
Third Force / Derde Mag
► The first democratic election on 27 April 1994 formally
marked the end of apartheid. / Die eerste demokratiese
verkiesing op 27 April 1994 het die einde van apartheid
amptelik aangedui.
► The new Constitution was signed at Sharpeville in 1996. /
Die Nuwe Grondwet is in 1996 in Sharpeville onderteken.
First Democratic Election / Eerste
Demokratiese Verkiesing
