1.

Mathematical Logic

ImportantFormulae&Shortcuts Methods
.Definition: Logic is the study of general patterns of reasoning, without reference to particular
meaning or contents.
Logical Statement:A logical statement is any sentence which is (i) meaningful
(ii) declarative (iii) unambiguous. The statement is either true or false or equivalently valid
or invalid.
false at the time. This fact is known as law of
A statement cannot be both true or same
excluded middle.
The falseness or truth of a statement is called its truth value.
An open sentence is not a statement.
Note. A sentence which is both true and false simultaneously is not a statement; it is a

paradox.
.Compound Statements "not",
If two or moresimple statements are combined by the use of words such as "and" "or",
statement.
if", "then", "if and only if", then the resulting statement is called a compound
The words 'and' and 'not', 'if°,'then', "if and only if" are called logical connectives.
In a compound statement, simple statements are called components.
Truth Tables
Truth table is that which gives truth values of compound statements.
It has a number of rows and columns.
The number of rows depend upon the number of simple statements.
Note that for n statements, there are 2" rows.

Logical Equlvalence identical

Two compound statements are said to be logically equivalent or equal if they have
truth values.
The symbols '=' or '=' are used for above.

Conjunction and Disjunction

the connective "and" to form
(a) Conjunction If two statements are compounded by
so as a

compound statement, then the compound statement is called the conjunction of the original
statements.
Symbolically If p, q are the two statements, then their conjunction is denoted by
p Aqread as "p and q".
Important Results
PAqis true, if p and q are both true.
Truth Table
PAq
T
F F
F
F

(b) Disjunction : If two statement are combined by the connective "or" so as to form a
compound statement, then the compound statement is called the disjunction of the original
statements.
 (110) MHT-CET Exam Questions
Symbolically: If p, q are two statements, then their disjunction is denoted by p v q andi
read as "p or q".

Important Results
pvqis false if p andq are both false.

Truth Table

Negation: For any statement, we have a statement which is the negation.

Negation is not a contrary statement but is a contradiction.
Symbolically: Negation of p is denoted by p -

Important Results
If p is true then-p is false.
Ifp is false then-p is true.
Truth Table
P

(pa q)=-pv-q [De-Morgan's Law]

(Pv qg)=-pa-g [De-Morgan's Law]
PADAr=pa (qar) [Associative Law]
Conditional and Biconditional Statements
Conditional Statement: If p and q are two statements, then
statements of the form
"ifp thenq" is called the conditional statement.
Symbolically "Ifp then q" is denoted by p>q and is read as p
Biconditional Statements: If p and q are two statements,implies q.
then statements of the form
"p if and only if q" is called Biconditional Statement.
Symbolically 'p if and only if q' is denoted bypq and is read as p implies and implied by
Tautology: A statement pattern which is always true (T) is called tautology.
Contradiction: A statement pattern wnicn 18 aiways ralse (F)1s called contradiction.
Contingency: A statement pattern which 1s neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called
contingency.
Important Results
1. The converse of
2. The inverse of
p>qis q=p
3.
pqis- p-9.
The contrapositive
4.
of p >qis- P
A conditional and its contrapositive are logically equivalent.
5. The converse and the inverse of a conditional are logically equivalent.
.P (p>9=pa-q
7.-(p g)=(Pa-q)v(-paqD
 Methematcal Logic (11)
.Algebra of Statements (Some Standard
Equivalent Statements):
PVp p Idempotent Law
pAp p
pVq q Vp Commutative Law
pAg qAp
(p Vq) Vrr +Associative Law PA g) Ar *pA (qAr)
PVgVn pVgvr
pAqAr
PVAr) -Distributive Law pAqVr)
(p Vg) A(pvn (pAq)V (pAr)
pVF P -Identity Law PVT T
pAF FF
PAT p
PV pT Complement Law pA~p F
p)- p Involution Law
(pV q)~pA 9 DeMorgan's Law T F-F-T
(pA g)*pV~q
PV pA q)=p Absorption Law PAPV) p
P PVq Condittonal Law Pg
EpVg) A (qV p)

Multiple Choice Questions

MHT-CET 2004
1. IfU:Set of all days, S : Set of Sundays, H: Set of holidays, then,
Venn diagram for "Sunday implies
(A)
holiday" is
(B)

(C) (D)
2. p:A man is happy and q: The man is rich
The symbolic representation of "Ifa man is not rich, then he is not
happy" is
(A)p~g (B)-9P C)p D)p-
MHT-CET 2005
3. Which of the following statement is not a statement in
logic?
(A) Earth is a planet. (B) Planets are living objects.
(C) -9 is a rational number. (D)I am lying
4.
Negation of p q is
(A)P a 9) v (p a q (B)(p A-q) v (q a p )
(C)pa q) v (q a p) (D)(p a g) v (~q a p)
(112) MHT-CET Exam Questions
5. Negation of (p a q)(-p v r) is
(A)(p v q) a (Pa ~T) (B) (p a q) v (p a ~1)
D)P v q) v (p a ~r)
(C)(p a g) a (p a ~r)

MHT-CET 2006
6. Negation of the statement: 'A is rich but silly' is
(A)Either A is not rich or not silly. (B)A is poor or clever
(C) A is rich or not silly. (D)A is either rich or silly
7. All teachers are not sincere is represented by
(A) (B)

(C) D)

8. If p : x > y; 9 y >z; r z, then which of the options represen

Ifx> y and y> z, then x > z'?
(A)p v q)>r (B)(p v r ) 9 (C)p a ) > r

MHT-CET 2007
9. Ifp & q are true statements in logic, which of the following statement pattern is true?
(A)(p v q) A~9 (B)(p v - 9 (C)P A g ) 9 D-pA q)aq

10. The converse of 'If x is zero, then we cannot divide by x' is

(A)If we cannot divide by x, then x is zero (B) If we divide by x, then x is non-zero
(C)Ifx is non-zero, then we can divide by x (D)none of these
11. ~pA -q) is equivalent to
(A)p a (B)pqA (C)p v q D)p
MHT-CET 2008
12. (p p) v (-p p) is equivalent to
(A)T F (B)p A P C)T P (D)TF
13.p Ram is rich, q> Ram is successful, r> Ram is talented
the form of the following statement.
Write symbolic
Ram is neither rich nor successful and he is not talented.
(A)~p A~q V ~r (B)~p v9A ~r
(C)~p v~q v ~r (D)~p A~ga ~r
 MHT-CET 2009
Mathematical Loglc(113)
*14. The symbolic fom of following switching circuit is

H
(A)(p v 9) a (p v r)
(B)(p a 9) v (P v r)
(C)P a 9) a (p a r)
(D)(p a q) ar
15. Negation of (~ p-q) is
(A)-pv (B) p A ~9 (C) p a (D) pvq
16. (p a 9) v (9 a p)
(A)q v p (B)p C) (D)p a q

MHT-CET 2010
17. Negation of the statement
(A)~p v 9
p9is
(B)~p v~9 CPA D)p A
18.1f(p Aq)>-p v) is a false statement, then respective truth values of p, q and r are
(A)T, F, F (B)F, T, T (C)T,T,T (D)F, F, FF

19.Simplified logical expression for the following switching circuit is

-

(A)p (B) (C)p (D)p a 4

MHT-CET 2011
20. The proposition (p-p) a(-p>p) is a
(A)tautology (B) contradiction
(C)tautology and contradiction (D)Neither tautology nor contradiction

21. The inverse ofthe proposition (p a ~q)ris

(C)rpA~9 (D) None of these
(A)-r~p v q (B)-p v q ~ r

MHT-CET 2013
22. Let p: A triangle is equilateral, q: A triangle is equiangular. Then inverse of q -> p is
(A)Ifa triangle is not equilateral, then it is not equiangular
(B) Ifa triangle is not equiangular, then it is not equilateral
(C)Ifa triangle is equiangular, then it is not equilateral
(D)Ifa triangle is equiangular, then it is equilateral

23. Letp: Boys are playing

9: Boys are happy
is
The equivalent form ofcompoundarestatement of p> q are not
(A)Boys are not playing or they happy (B) Boys not happy ororthey areplaying
are
not hapPY
(C)Boys are playing or they are not happy (D)Boys are playing they
 114)MHT-CET Bxam Questions
MHT-CET 2016
24 If p: Every square is a rectangle
Ever rhombus is a kite,
then truth values of pq and p q are and
(A)F.F (B) T. F respectively.
(C)F.T
25. Which of the
following (D)T.T
(A) The square of every quantified statements is true?
real number is
(B) There exists a real
number positive
(OThere exists a real number whose square is negative
(D) Every real number is whose square is not
rational positive
26. Symbolic form of
the given
to (assume S; p andswitching
S;
cireuit is equivalent
(A)pv
-
q)
(B)PAq S
(Opeq
D)pq)
MHT-CET 2017
27.The
statement pattern (- p q) is
a
(A)Pvqv~p B)pvq)ap logically equivalent to
28. Which of the
following C)pa p
(A)pv q>p) statement patterm tautology?
is a (DPv)-p
C p) (-p+)D
v
(B)-9-P
29.If c denotes the (D)pA-Pp
contradiction then dual of
(A)-pv(qat) B)-pa (qvt) the compound statement pa
(C)pvqvt) (qvc) is
MHT-CET 2018 D)-pv (qac)
30. The
negation of the
get the admission in statement: "Getting above 95%
good
(A)Hema gets above 95% college" marks is
necessary condition for Hema to
(B) Hema does not marks but she does not
95%% marks and she get the
(C)If Hema does notgetgetabove
above gets
admission in good
admission college
(D)Hema does not get above 95% 95% marks then in good
marks or she
she will not college
get the admission
31. The gets the admission in in good
contrapositive
for apicnic.
of the
statement: "If the weather good college. college.
is fine then
(A)The weather is fine but my friends will come
and we go
(B)Ifmy friends do not come orfniends
my will not come or
we do not
C)If the weatheT is no we do not
go for nicnia go for a pienie
 e
.
830o 9 3
MHT-CET 2019 Methematieal Logle (115)
13, The equivalent form of the
(A)-pvg statement(p-g) is
(B)paq
(C)pa~q (D)pv q9
34 The statement pattern (p A q) A [Tv
(A)r (p (Pa q)] v a q) is equivalent to
(B)paq (C)p (D)q
15. Which of the
following is NOT equivalent to p-> q.
is sufficient
(A)p for
(C)q only ifp (B)p only ifq
(D)q is necessary for p
36.If p and q are true and r and s are false statements, then which
(A)(P a -r) a (-qvs) of the following is true?
(C)-pq)Tas) (B)(P>q)v (res)
(D)(qar) v (-pas)
37. The negation of "Vn e N, n+7>6" is
(A)3n e N, such thatn+7<6 (B) Ine N, such that n+7 S6
(C)Vne N, n +7S6 (D) an e N, such that n+726

38. Which of the following statement is contingency?

(A)p(pv) B)(pv g)A-9 (C)(pv q)V p (D)(p v q) V q

39. "If two triangles are congruent, then their areas are equal" is the given statement, then the
contrapositive of, the inverse of the given statement is
(A)If two triangles are not congruent then their areas are not equal
(B)If areas of two triangles are equal, then they are congruent
(C)If two triangles are not congruent, then their areas are equal
(D)If areas of two triangles are not equal, then they are congruent
40. Which of the following statement pattern is a tautology?
(B)pv ( P ) (C)(pv g)9 (DP)vq
(A)p(qv p)
41. Let a:(pa~r)v(-qv s) and b: (p v that
- s) > (q nr). andb
true and ofr and s are false, then the truth values of a
Ifthe truth values of p and q are
are respectively D)F, T
(B) T, T (C)F, F
(A)T, F

q and ~p vq are respectively

pis false, then the truth values of p
a ~

42. If q D)T, F
(A)F, T (B)F, F (C)T,T

statement is true?7
43. Which of the following quantified
(A)Vxe N, x*-1 is positive (B) Vx E N, x*- 1 is not negative
0
(D)3xe N, such that x -3
=

(C)Vxe N, x*-4 20

x:~p and vq. The inverse of x>y

is
*Let y : ~ p q (B)(-pA-q)>(pa-9)
(A)pv q)+(-pV-) (D)(pA-)>-(pa9

(C)pvq)>(-Pv9)
(116)MHT-CET Exam Questions
which of the following
is a true statement?
45. If A {2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
=

(A)xE A, x +629
(B)Vxe A, x +2 <<9
(D)3xE A, such that x +3 2 10
+3 10
(C)3xe A, such that x
to
46. p>q is logically NOT equivalent
(B)(p>q) a (q>p)
(A)paq)v(-pa-9)
(C)pA9) v (q^ -p) D)(-pv9) a (-q vP)
47. Let p: it is cloudy, q: It is still raining. The symbolic form of: Even though it is not cloudy, it
is still raining" is
(A)pA-q (B)-PA (C)-pvg (D)-pA~9
48. Dual of the statement(p +q)>r is
(A)(pV-g) vr (B)(p>q) vr (C)qp)Ar (D)p(q>)

49. The contrapositive of "If f (2) = 0, then polynomial f(x) is divisible by (x -2)" is

(A)Iff(2)* 0 then polynomial f(x) is not divisible by (x-2)

(B)If polynomial f(x) is notdi'visible by (x -2), then f(2) #0
C)If polynomial f(*)is isdivisible
divisible by (x-2), then f(2)=0
(D)Polynomial f(x) by (x-2) only iff(2) *0
50. Let p: 3ne N such that n+5 > 10
:Yne N,n+nis an evennumber while n-n is an odd number.
The truth values of p and q are
respectively.
(A)TF (B) TT C)FT (D)FF
MHT-CET 2020
51. Which of the following statement pattern is a tautology?
Sip(qp), S2= pv~q
S=(p )a(q+p), S=(p99v -p+9
(A)S2 (B) S3 (C)S1 D)S4
52. The statement pattem [(p vg)A~p]a(q) is
(A)a contingency (B) a contradiction
(C)a tautology D) equivalent to p a q
53. The negation of the statement °If5 <7 and 7> 2, then 5>2' is
(A)5 7 and 7>2 or5 <2 (B)5 <7 and 7>2 and 5>2
(C)5<7and 7> 2 or 5 2 D)5 <7and 7> 2 and 5 2

54. The dual of a statement Mangoes are delicious but expensive' is

A)Mangoes are
delicious or Mangoes are expensive
(B) Mangoes are delicious or Mangoes are not expensive
(C) Mangoes are not delicious and Mangoes are not expensive
(D)Mangoes are delicious and Mangoes are expensive

55. The negation of the statement pattern~pv(q~T) 1s

(A)pa(qar) (B)pv(qar) (C)pa(qar) (D)P(9A~)
mmm m

VA V IA

L D-9
 118) MHT-CETExam Questlons
64. Which of the following statement pattern is a tautology?

S = ( q ap) Aq

S [p A (p9)]>q
S3(pa q) a (pV9)
S4 = (p a g)>r

(A)S (B) S4 (C) S3 (D)S

65. The contrapositive of the statement If Raju is courageous, then he will join Indian Army', is
(A)If Raju join Indian Army, then he is courageous
(B)If Raju does not join Indian Army, then he is not courageous
(C)If Raju does not join Indian Army, then he is courageous
(D)If Raju does not Indian Army, then he is courageous
6. The logical expression [p a (q vr)] v [~rA~qap] is equivalentto
(A)P (B) (C)~q D)P
67. If (~pa g)>ris false, then the truth values of p, q, r are respectively
(A)F, T, F (B) T, T, F (C)F,F,T (D)F, T, T

68.If the symbolic form of the switching circuit is (p v (pA ~q)] v q, then the current flows
through the circuit only if.
(A)both switches should be closed
(B) irrespective of status of the switches
(C)One switch should be open and other should be closed
(D)both switches should be open

69. The verbal statement of the same meaning, of the statement If the grass is green then it rains in
July' is
(A)The grass is not green and it does not rains in July.
(B) The grass is not green or it rains in July
(C)The grass is not green if and only if it rains in July
(D)Ifthe grass is not green, then it does not rain in July
70. Write the statement in
symbolic form 'Sandeep neither likes tea nor coffee but enjoys a soft
drink'.
Where p: Sandeep likes tea, q:Sandeep likes coffee, r: Sandeep
(A)(pv~g) ar (B)Pv-9)vr (C)Paq)vr enjoys a soft drink
(D)-Pa~q)ar
71.
Amongst the given statements below. is a tautology
(a)~pvpv-q) (b)~qa(~pV~q)
(c)pv~q) a(pv~q) (d)-pvg)v (pv-9
(A)d) (B)b) (C)a) D)()
72. The entries in the
last column of
(A)FFTT the truth table for (pa qg) are
(B)TTFF
C)FTTT D)TFFF
 Mathematical Logic(1192
form following circuit is (wherep, q represents switches S1 and s2 closed
73.The symbolic of the
respectively)

LH-o
(A)p a lq a(-pa~9)=l (B)(PA9)v(-pa~9)
(C)Pag) n-pa~q)t (D)pv lqa (-pa~9)=
74. Ifp >(-pvq) is false, then the truth values of p and q are respectively
(A)F, F B)F.T (C)T,T (D)T, F

75. The negation of the statement He is poor but happy' is

(A)He is poor but not happy (B) He is neither poor nor happy
(C)He is not poor and not happy (D)He is not poor or not happy

76. If p, q are true statement and r is false statement, then which of the following statements is
coTect?
(A)pq)erisfalse (B)pvq)vris false
C)Pag)>ris true D)P)qisfalse
77. The negation ofthe
logical statement (pv-q)>pA~)is
(A)PV q) a (pvq) (B)Pv-g)v (pa)
(C)PA g) a (pv~q)D (D(PV~9) a (pa9

78. If p: Seema is fat

q: She is happy,
then the logical equivalent statement of 'If Seema is fat, then she is happy' is
(A) Seema is fat and she is happy.
(B) Seema is not fat or she is happy
C) Seema is fat or she is happy
(D) Seema is not fat or she is unhappy

SOLUTIONS
1. (A)

2. (B)
P:Aman is happy p: A man is not happy
:The man is rich : A man is not rich
Symbolic form of given stateme is
'-q-p
 (120) MHT-CET Exam Questions
3. (D)
A', B, 'C' are declarative sentences, hence they are statements in logic.

4 (B)
- (p >q)5- [(p> q)a (q>p)]
-(P q)v-(9P)
=[-(-Pv q)] v [-(-qvp)
(pA-9)v (qa~p)]J
5. (C)
[(P a q)>(pv r)]
E-[-(pa q)v(-pv r)]= (p a q) a~pv r)
= (p a q)a[-(~p) A -T) = (p q)a (p^ - 1)

6. (B)
Let p: A is rich
q:Ais silly
p:A is poor : A is clever
Symbolic form
of given statement is 'p ag
We know that, - (p g ) E-pv-9
The negation is A is poor or clever'.

7. (C)

8. (C)
P:x>y, 9:y>z, r:x>z
Symbolic form of given statement is (p a q)>r

9. (C)
P. are true statements.

A)Pv)A~q= (Tv T) A-T=TaF=F

(B)(p v q)-q= (Tv T)>-T=TF=F
(C)(pA-9)>q=(TA-T)>T= (TAF)T=F>T=T
(D)(-pa q)Aq=(-TA T)AT=(Fa T) a T=Fa T=F

10.(A)
Let p: x is zero and q: We cannot divide by x
Symbolic form of given statement is 'p~9
The converse of pqis q>p
If we cannot divide by x, then x is zeroD

11. (C)
By De'Morgans Law
-PA q) E-(-P)v-(9
Fpvq
 Methemetlcal Logic (121)
12.(C)
(p-p) v ((P>P)(PV-p)v[-(-p)vp]
pvP)V (pv p)_
3
p v p pV pP 3 v4
T F
F
(pP-P) v (-pp) =T
Now we will go by options.
(D)TF =F
(A)T> F=F (B)pa-p=F C)Tvp=T

13. (D)
p: Ram is rich P:Ram is notrich
q: Ram is successful q Ram is not successful
r: Ram is talented T: Ram is not talented
Symbolic form of given statement is -pA -

qA-r

14. (A)
Symbolic form of given circuit is (p v q)a (p v r)

15. (B)
-(p)=pA-q

16. (B)
(Pa q) v (qa p)
B y Commutative law
E p a q) v (p a q)
By Distributive law
Pa(qv 9) ****

.
.... By Complement law
PAT
. By Identity law
P

17. (C)
(pq) -[-pv q]
- ( p ) A ~q=pA~9

18. (A)
(PA q)>(°p vr) is a false statement only
if
v r is False (F)
PA gis True (T) and-p
T i.e. p is T and q is F
Now, p A qis T ifp is T, q is
F i.e. F is T and r is
andp vrif -p is F and r is F respectively
is F p
Truth values of p, q,r are T, F,

19. (B)
Symbolic form of given circuit is (pvp) 9
a

(pvp)aqETaq . By complement law

By Identity law
 Questions
(122) MHT-CET- Exam
20. (B)
(P P) A(P>p)
PV-p) Al-(P)VPJ . (P -pv q)
Pvp)apvp)
2 3

pVp pv-p 3v4

T T
F
( p - p ) a (-p*p) is a contradiction.

21. (B)
The inverse of p> q is p -q
The inverse of (p A~ q)>ris -(p a -q)>-r
[-pv ( - ) - =(-pvq)>-r
22. (B)
P:A triangleis equilateral :A triangle is equiangular.
The inverse of
q> p is -q
i.e. If a triangle is not
P
equiangular, then it is not equilateral
23. (A)
P: Boys are playing q: Boys are happy
p: Boys are not playing.
We know that p>9-pvg
Equivalent form of given statement is Boys are not playing or they are
happy.
24. (D)
P Every square is a tangle:Truth value of statement p is T
Every rhombus is a kite Truth value of statement q is T
PqT>T=ET
pqT+TET
25. (A)
By fundamental concepts about real numbers, we find that only
option (A) is correct,
26. (D)
We have, S Ep and S2 = q
The symbolic form of given switching circuit is
(PA ) v (-pa 9 E - p 9 .[By fundamental concept]
27. (B)
PA 9) is logically equivalent to
A(p v qg) v p Tvq=T
=

Bpvg) a -p =(pa-p) v (qa - p ) . Distributive law

Fv(qap) . Complementary law
. Identify law
.. Commutative law
28.(C)
(A)pv(qp)pv(gvp)pVpV-q pv-q
(B)-9-pqvp
=F
(D)p A~p
So remaining option (C) is the correct choice.
Alternatively students may verify by making truth table or using rules of logic.
(C)
P 9 p-p-peq qp)v(-p+g
T T F F
T F T F
FTF TI
FF T I T
29. (A)
Dual of-p a (qv c)=~pv(qat)

30.(B)
P: Hema gets the admission in good college
q:Hema gets 95 % marks
Givenstatementcan be written in symbolic form as p>g
I t s negation is p Ag

31. (B)
p The weather is fine
9 My friends will come and we go for a picnic.
Given statement p 9
Contrapositive
i.e. If my friends do not come or we do not go for picnic then weather will not be fine.
32. (B)
PA-PA)
(PA-P) Aq ... (Associative law)
***' (Compliment law)
= FAq
= F .. (ldentity law)

33. (B)
(p 9) =pa-( ) P>g)=pA ~q]
pAq
truth table and verify the answer.
Note: Alternatively students may make

34.(D)
pAg)ay(pA9)y (paq) B
C
A
TpAq rv(PAg) PAgAAB | (A AB) v C
F
TT
|T F F
F
F
TF F F
TE
F F F T
(124) MHT-CET Exam Questions
From the last column,
(pAg)a[-Tv(pa9)]v (pa9)=9
35. (C)
not a equivalent form of p >9.
q only ifp is
36. (B)
(A)(pa -r) a (-qv s) =(TA F)a (-TvF)
-

=(Ta T) a (Fv F)
TAF=F
TvT=T
(B)(pq)v(r+s) = (T> T)v (F+F)
=

(C)(-p q) +(tas) =(-T->T) +(Fa F) =(F>T)+F=TF =F

(D)(qar) v (-pas) = (Ta F) v (-Ta F) = Fv(FA P) =FvF=F
37. (B)
3n e N, such that n ++7S6
38. (B)

P 9-P|9 Pvg p (pvq) (pvq) (pvg)

(pvg) A~q V P
TT F T F
F
FT
F F T TIF T
From the table, (p vq)A -

q is a contngency.
39. (B)
Let p: Two triangles are congruent and q: Areas of triangles are equal
Symbolic form p 9
The inverse of the given statement is ~p ~ 9
Now, the contrapositive of the inverse - p - 9 1 s q P

( contrapositive of p>q is P]
"If areas of triangles are equal, then they are congruent".
40. (A)
9 gvp |p>(gvp)_ Op|pv (qvp)
T T T
F
F F
T T
pvq|(pvg)
F
T T 9Pq09vq
F
F T_T
F F F

From the above tables, p>(q v p) is a tautolog8

41. (C)
We havep, q= T and r, s =F
a(pA-r)v(-qvs) = -(Ta-F) v(-TvF) = -(Ta T)v(FVB
F)
-TvF =FvF=F
b:(pv s)(qar)=(Tv F)+(TaF) =T+F=F
42. (A)
Mathematlcal Loglc (125)
q-p is false in only one case, if q is true (T) and p is false
pA 9Fa-T=FAF=FF (F).
and Pvq-FvT=TvT»T
43. (B)
We will go by options.
A)- 1>0 x*>l»x>1 or x<-1
Thus given statement is not true for x =
I and hence it does not include ALL natural
numbers.
(B)x- 120~x*2l»x2l or xs-1
Thus given statement is true for all natural numbers.
(C)x-420»x*24x22 or xs-2
Thus given statement is not true for x = I and hence it does not include ALL natural
numbers.
(D)x -3=0 x*=3 x=ty3
As-V3 and 3 are not natural numbers, given statement is not correct.

44. (C)
Given x pvq and y:~p9-(-Pp) v q=pvq
The inverse of x>y is -x>y i.e.
-(-Pvo)>-(pv q)D
- - - P p v q)]v - (pv qg)

Pv)v-pvq) -(pv)v-pvq)
pvq)>-pv)
45. (B)
x 2,3,4, 5, 6 E A satisfy x +2 <9
Hence V xe A, x+2<9 is a true statement

46. (C)
Pq
T
F

F F
Now we will make truth tables for each options given.
(A)
PA -pA q(pag)v(Epa-q)
F
F
F T T
F T T
B)
P pq 9p |(pq)A(qp)_
 (126)MHT-CET Exam Questions
(C) -p (pa-q) v (qa-p)_
PA- F
F

F F
T
(D)
pvg qvp(-pvg) (-gvp)
T T
T
F T
T
F F T
Comparing entries in last column of all truth tables, we find that option (C) is not equivalent to

47. (B)
Symbolic form is p nq

48. (C)
pq)>r=(-pvq)>r
P V 9 ) v r = (pA - 9 ) v r
Thedual is (p v -q) Ar i.e. (q-p) ar

49. (B)
Let p: f(2)
0 and q : Polynomial f(x) is divisible by x -2
=

Symbolic form: p q and Contrapositive is - q -

If polynomial f (x) is not divisible by x 2, then f
-

(2) * 0
50. (A)
p:ne N such that n + 5> 10
Truth value of p is T
.(n=6, 7,8 . . . . satisfies given inequality)
:ne N, n*+n is an even number while n^ n is an odd number-

n+n=n (n+ 1) and n*- n=n (n- 1)

Thus n+n and n* - n are
product of consecutive natural numbers.
Hence (n- n) and (n +n)
are both even numbers.
Thus truth value of q is F.

51. (D)

1|2 4 5
p g 3 7 | 3v4 5A65v8
7 8
T F T
9 10 1112
T F T TT
F
FF T F
T T T LF
We find that all
entries in column
S S2 S4
S4 is a tautology (12) are T
52. (B Mathematical Logic (127)
12
P pvq (pvq)A~pP |(pvq) p}Aq
T TFF T
T F F

FFT
All entries in last column are F.
I t is contradiction.

53.(D)
Letp:5<7 and q: 7>2 and r :5>2. The logical form of given
statement is (p ag)>r
-((Pq)r|-l-(pag)vr]
(pag) V~r
CS7) and (7> 2)] and (5 2)
54. (A)
Mangoes are delicious or mangoes are expensive.
55.(A)

pA (9~1)
FpA~(gv 1)
pA Hqar)]
pA(qAr)

56. (C)
Pa(qvp)
= paq)v (pA~p) [Distributive law]
(PA g) VF [complement law]
pAg [Identity law]

57.(C)
x+6 is divisible by 2 only whenx is even. Hence given statement is false.

58. (D)
paqvr)]v[-pag)v(-par)]
= [Pa(qvr)]v[-pa(qvr)]
(qvr) A (pvp)
(qvr)aT
qvr
59. (B)
Pv)vPa)
( p A ) v (-pa g9
pa(qvo)
paTI p
 Exam Questlons
(128)MHT-CET
circuit is
60.(C)
The symbolic
form ofgiven
( P A ) v - p a ( ~ q v p v r ) J

61. (A) replace 3by

V and> bys.
we
While doing negation that x + 5 S58
is Vx¬ A such
So required statement

62.(D) 5-
12 3 ( p q ) A(PAq)|

T F

contradiction.
column are F. So Si is a
All entries in last
solved as follows:
be alternatively
This problem can

S 1 P ) (pa~q)
-pv ]AHpvq)
=F

63. (B)
dual of-pA (q v t) is-p v (qac)

64.(A) S2
S
PA gAp| 72 L 1a6 92
P 8
1 2

F
FF TI
All the entries in column 10 are T » Sa is a tautology

65. (B)
Letp: Raju is courageous, and q: Raju will join Indian army.
The contrapositive of p>qis pi.e.
If Raju does not join Indian army, then he is not
courageous.
66. (D)
PA(qv)]v(~TaqAp]
(pA (qv T)] v [p a(-qa~1)]
[pa (qvr)] v ([p a(qv r))
P
[(qvr) vHqv r)))
paT=P
67.(A)
Given (pA q)>ris
false T -> F=F
T > F=F
Weknow that
PAq=T
and r F
know that T a T=T
Also we

qTand p=T p=F

68. (B)
p v p a -q)] vq
[(-Pv p)A(-pv-q)]vq
[Ta (-PV~q)]v q
pV )vg
p v gvg) ~pv T = T
of status of the switches.
This shows that current flows irespective

69. (B)
Let p: The grass is green
:If rains in July.
The logical form of given statement is p

We know that p>qspvq

The grass is not green or it rains in July.

70. (D)
Symbolic form is (pA~)Ar

71. (A) v (8)

(3)v(5) 4)a(5)Pv-q(5) (8) | (5) 10
a
PV
P9P 8 9
6
1 2 3 4
F F
F
T TF T
T
T FFT
T
F TT|F
T T
F F T| T (d)
(a) (b) (
is tautology.
All entries in column 10 are T. Hence statement(d)
a

72.(C)
P PAgpa)
F
T T T
T F
F T F
FFI
 (130)MHT-CET Exam Questions
73. (B)
Let p: theswitch S, is closed
The switch S2 is closed
1: The lamp
Given circuit can be expressed as (p v q) v -pa~q)

74. (D)
We know that T-> F is false.
q) must be false. > p is true.
p must be true and (- p
v

We know that F v F is false.

So q must be false.

75. (D)
Let p He is poor and q: He is happy.
The logical form of given statement is p A 9.
Paq)=-pv~9 i.e. He not poor or he is not happy.

76. (A)
We have p= T, q= T and r = F
We will check truth value of each option.

(A)P)+r
F= TAF=F
= (T+T) >
(B)(pv q) vr
(Tv T)v F=Tv F=T
(C)pa 9>r
= (Ta T ) > F = T F = F

(D)(p>)9
= (T> F)>T=F-T=T

77. (A)
p v (pa-)]
- p v - 9 ) v (pa -9)]

(pv)apaq)

(pv q)a (~pvq)

78. (B)
Logical equivalence of given statement is p q
We know that p>q -pvq
Required equivalent statement is "Seema is not fat or she is happy