Pelvic inflammatory disease
is an infection of the female
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
reproductive organs, typically involving the uterus, fallopian
tubes, and ovaries. It usually occurs when sexually transmitted
bacteria spread from the vagina to these organs.
Causes of PID:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): The most common causes
are chlamydia and gonorrhea, but other types of bacteria can also cause PID.
Other Infections: Non-sexually transmitted infections or normal vaginal bacteria can
sometimes move into the reproductive organs and cause PID, especially after
childbirth, abortion, or surgery.
Risk Factors:
Having multiple sexual partners.
Having unprotected sex (without condoms).
A history of STIs or PID.
Douching, which can push bacteria into the reproductive organs.
Insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD), though the risk is highest only in the first
few weeks after insertion.
Symptoms of PID:
Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and some women may not experience any
symptoms. However, common signs include:
Lower abdominal or pelvic pain.
Unusual vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor.
Pain during intercourse or while urinating.
Fever
Chills.
Irregular menstrual bleeding, including spotting between periods.
Pain in the upper abdomen (less common but indicates a more serious infection).
Complications:
Untreated PID can lead to serious long-term health issues, such as:
Infertility: Scarring in the fallopian tubes can block eggs from traveling to the uterus,
making it difficult to conceive.
Chronic pelvic pain: Persistent pain due to scar tissue and inflammation.
Ectopic pregnancy: PID increases the risk of a pregnancy occurring in the fallopian
tube (instead of the uterus), which can be life-threatening.
Abscess formation: Pockets of infected fluid (abscesses) can form in the fallopian
tubes or ovaries.
Diagnosis:
Pelvic Exam: A doctor will check for tenderness in the pelvic area.
Swabs and Lab Tests: Vaginal or cervical swabs to detect bacteria, including STIs
like chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Ultrasound: To check for signs of abscesses or inflammation.
Laparoscopy (rare): A surgical procedure to look at the pelvic organs directly if the
diagnosis is unclear or if complications are suspected.
Treatment:
Antibiotics: A combination of antibiotics is prescribed to treat the infection. It's
important to take all medications as prescribed, even if symptoms improve early.
Treatment of Sexual Partners: To prevent re-infection, sexual
