5 You visited us 5 times! Enjoying our articles? Unlock Full Access!
Maths > Math Article > HyperboLIC Function
Hyperbolic Functions
&BYJU'SIClasses
withTwoTeacherAdvantage
BookaFreeClass
Doubletheteaching 000-
In Mathematics, the hyperbolic functions are similar to the trigonometric functions
or circular functions. Generally, the hyperbolic functions are defined through the
algebraic expressions that include the exponential function (ex) and its inverse
exponential functions (e-x), where e is the Euler’s constant. Here, we are going to
discuss the basic hyperbolic functions, its properties, identities, and examples in
detail.
Also, read:
Algebraic Expressions
Inverse Functions
Trigonometric Identities
Derivatives
Hyperbolic Function Definition
The hyperbolic functions are analogs of the circular function or the trigonometric
functions. The hyperbolic function occurs in the solutions of linear differential
equations, calculation of distance and angles in the hyperbolic geometry, Laplace’s
equations in the cartesian coordinates. Generally, the hyperbolic function takes
place in the real argument called the hyperbolic angle. The basic hyperbolic
functions are:
Hyperbolic sine (sinh)
Hyperbolic cosine (cosh)
Hyperbolic tangent (tanh)
From these three basic functions, the other functions such as hyperbolic cosecant
(cosech), hyperbolic secant(sech) and hyperbolic cotangent (coth) functions are
derived. Let us discuss the basic hyperbolic functions, graphs, properties, and
inverse hyperbolic functions in detail.
Hyperbolic Functions Formulas
The basic hyperbolic functions formulas along with its graph functions are given
below:
Hyperbolic Sine Function
The hyperbolic sine function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex– e-x]/2 and
it is denoted by sinh x
Sinh x = [ex– e-x]/2
Graph : y = Sinh x
x'- -Х
y'
Hyperbolic Cosine Function
The hyperbolic cosine function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex +e-x]/2
and it is denoted by cosh x
cosh x = [ex + e-x]/2
Graph : y = cosh x
X'- -X
Y'
Hyperbolic Tangent Function
The hyperbolic tangent function is a function f: R → R is defined by f(x) = [ex – e-x] /
[ex + e-x] and it is denoted by tanh x
tanh x = [ex – e-x] / [ex + e-x]
Graph : y = tanh x
y'
Properties of Hyperbolic Functions
The properties of hyperbolic functions are analogous to the trigonometric functions.
Some of them are:
1. Sinh (-x) = -sinh x
2. Cosh (-x) = cosh x
3. Sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
4. Cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x
The derivatives of hyperbolic functions are:
1. d/dx sinh (x) = cosh x
2. d/dx cosh (x) = sinh x
Some relations of hyperbolic function to the trigonometric function are as follows:
1. Sinh x = – i sin(ix)
2. Cosh x = cos (ix)
3. Tanh x = -i tan(ix)
Hyperbolic Function Identities
The hyperbolic function identities are similar to the trigonometric functions. Some
identities are:
Pythagorean Trigonometric Identities
cosh2 (x) – sinh2 (x) = 1
tanh2 (x) + sech2 (x) = 1
coth2 (x) – cosech2 (x) = 1
Sum to Product
sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh( (x+y)/2) cosh((x-y)/2)
sinh x – sinh y = 2 cosh((x+y)/2) sinh((x-y)/2)
cosh x + cosh y = 2 cosh((x+y)/2) cosh((x-y)/2)
cosh x – cosh y = 2 sinh((x+y)/2) sinh((x-y)/2)
Product to Sum
2 sinh x cosh y = sinh(x + y) + sinh(x -y)
2 cosh x sinh y = sinh(x + y) – sinh(x – y)
2 sinh x sinh y = cosh(x + y) – cosh(x – y)
2 cosh x cosh y = cosh(x + y) + cosh(x – y).
Sum and Difference Identities
sinh(x ± y) = sinh x cosh x ± coshx sinh y
cosh(x ±y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y
tanh(x ±y) = (tanh x ± tanh y) / (1± tanh x tanh y )
coth(x ±y) = (coth x coth y ± 1) / (coth y ±coth x)
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
The inverse function of hyperbolic functions is known as inverse hyperbolic
functions. It is also known as area hyperbolic function. The inverse hyperbolic
function provides the hyperbolic angles corresponding to the given value of the
hyperbolic function. Those functions are denoted by sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1, csch-1,
sech-1, and coth-1. The inverse hyperbolic function in complex plane is defined as
follows:
Sinh-1 x = ln(x + √[1+x2])
Cosh-1 x = ln(x + √[x2-1])
Tanh-1 x = (½)[ln(1+x) – ln(1-x)
Hyperbolic Function Example
Example: Solve cosh2 x – sinh2 x
Solution:
Given: cosh2 x – sinh2 x
We know that
Sinh x = [ex– e-x]/2
cosh x = [ex + e-x]/2
cosh2 x – sinh2 x = [ [ex + e-x]/2 ]2 – [ [ex – e-x]/2 ]2
cosh2 x – sinh2 x = (4ex-x) /4
cosh2 x – sinh2 x = (4e0) /4
cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 4(1) /4 = 1
Therefore, cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 1
Download BYJU’S – The Learning App for Maths-related concepts and also watch
personalized videos to learn with ease.
Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs
Q1 What are hyperbolic functions used for?
We may also use hyperbolic functions to define distance in specific non-
Euclidean geometry, which means estimating the angles and distances in
hyperbolic geometry.
Q2 How do you find the hyperbolic function?
We can find the hyperbolic functions using the formulas given below:
sinh x = [e^x– e^-x]/2
cosh x = [e^x + e-^x]/2
tanh x = [e^x – e^-x] / [e^x + e^-x] Using the reciprocal relation of these
functions, we can find the other hyperbolic functions.
Q3 What is Sinh used for?
Sinh is the hyperbolic sine function, the hyperbolic analogue of the Sin circular
function used throughout trigonometry. It is defined for real numbers by letting
the area be twice the axis and a ray through the origin intersecting the unit
hyperbola. Also, it is used when dealing with the second-order ordinary
differential equations.
Q4 What is the difference between trigonometric functions and hyperbolic
functions?
Trigonometric functions can be defined with rotations along a circle, while
hyperbolic functions can be defined with the use of rotations along a
hyperbola.
Q5 Are hyperbolic functions periodic?
As the hyperbolic functions are exponential functions, it is clear that they are
not periodic in R. Therefore, hyperbolic functions are periodic for the imaginary
component, with period 2πi.
Test your knowledge on Hyperbolic Function
Put your understanding of this
concept to test by answering a few
MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin!
Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish”
button
Check your score and answers at the end of the
quiz
Start Quiz
MATHS Related Links
Independent Events
Circle Questions
Examples
Factors Of 98 Statistical Inference
Centimeters To Inches Natural Numbers
Area And Volume Angle Between Two Lines
What Are Intersecting Lines Dot Product
