RPH

SITE OF FIRST MASS

Controversies between

- Limasawa, Southern Leyte

- Masao, Butuan City

- Bolinao, Pangasinan

MASAO, BUTUAN CITY

1st Evidence

 Diary of Antonio Pigafetta and the Chronicles of Magellan’s Voyage

- Historian Sonia Zaide identified Masao (also Mazaua) in Butuan as the location of
the first Christian mass.
- The basis of Zaide’s claim is the diary of Antonio Pigafetta, chronicler of Magellan’s
voyage

2nd Evidence

 The Expedition

- Magellan’s voyage traveled a distance of roughly 20-25 leagues.

- This distance supports masao as the potential location of the first mass, as it
corresponds with the route from the place where they initially anchored.

3rd Evidence
 The Distance from Mazau to Cebu
- The distance to Cebu from Mazaua according to Pigafetta was (140 miles).

4th Evidence
 The Balanghai/Balangay
- The first mass is supported by the discovery of the Butuan Boats, also known as
balanghai/balangay, whch are the oldest archeological
5th Evidence
 Butuan Giant Cross
- A giant cross was built here to mark the first mass officiated by Fr. Pedro
Valderrama

LIMASAWA, SOUTHERN LEYTE

Magellan Shrine

- Replica of the cross that was planted by Magellan’s men atop the hill

- Building constructed at the National Shrine for the First Mass in the Philippines

3 PLACES ON TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN WHERE MAGELLAN PLANTED CROSS IS

LOCATED:

 BOHOL
 SIQUIJOR
 MAMBAJAO

TWO PRIMARY SOURCE: Evidences that supports Limasawa as the site of the First
Mass

FRANCISCO ALBO

 Pilot of the Victora

 He kept a logbook of the voyage after Magellan’s death.

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA

 The First Voyage Around The World 1519-1522 (An Account of Magellan’s
Expedition) Book edited by: Theodore J Cachey Jr.

From Albo’s Logbook that support Limasawa as the Site of the First Mass:

1st Evidence

NAVIGATIONAL DATA:

 Albo’s logbook shows the fleet sailed west for 20 leagues from Homonhon to reach
the island where the first mass in the Philippines was held, aligning with the
Limasawa’s Location.
2nd Evidence

LATITUDE:
 Albo recorded island latitude 9.5

3rd Evidence

DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND:

 Small, uninhabited Island

From Pigafetta’s logbook that support Limasawa as the Site of the First Mass:

1st Evidence

GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION:

 Pigafetta – location first mass (island)

- latitude of 9 2/3 degrees North
 Matches the latitude of Limasawa
 Rounded shaped island
 Aligns with the shape of Limasawa
 Butuan was not mentioned

ROUTE TAKEN:

 The island of Homonhon

 Sailed westward and reached an island
 Well-received by two local chieftains.
 Encounter align with the location of Limasawa

THE BLOOD COMPACT:

 Blood compact between Magellan and the two local chieftains.

NAME AND DESCRIPTION:

  Pigafetta’s account describes the island where the first mass was held as “mazaua,”
which later evolved into “masawa” and finally “limasawa,” based on it’s physical
characteristics.

BOLINAO, PANGASINAN

BRIEF HISTORY OF PANGASINAN, BOLINAO

Historians have no exact record on the date. Bolinao was created. It is believed that the
town was created by virtue of the Royal Decree of Spain. Available records showed that it
was in the year 1575 when Spanish Captain Pedro Lombi founded the first settlement
with more or less 100 settlers.

-Saint James The Great Parish Church

1st Evidence

THE SAINT JAMES OF THE GREAT PARISH CHURCH (BOLINAO)

 This was said that the monument at the entrance indicated that the first mass in
the Philippines was in the Bolinao by a Franciscan missionary and Blessed
Odorico.

2nd Evidence

THE CHIEF FINANCIER OF VILLA BRUNORA

 A retreat house in Batangas City, published a booklet that claimed the first mass in
the country was held in Bolinao and not on Limasawa Island or in any other place
in the country.

3rd Evidence

MANY PEOPLE IN PANGASINAN BELIEVE THAT ODOROC OF PERDONONE

 An Italian Franciscan missionary, held the First Mass in the area around 1324, long
before Ferdinand Magellan’s Mass in 1521. A marker at Bolinao Church supports
this claim, stating that Odorico celebrated the first mass in Bolinao bay.

THE WOODEN CROSS

- A wooden cross stood in front of the church, with memorial markers on each side
highlighting people with great significance for the town of Bolinao. What intrigued me
most was the marker about a dreamer, a traveler, a preacher, embodied by just one man.

Battle of who started the First Mass

 Limasawa, Southern Leyte

 Mazaua
 Masao, Butuan City

PRO-BUTUAN

Presented non-eyewitness accounts

PRO-LIMASAWA

Provided the panel coordinates of Mazaua given by the eyewitness, studies and projects

 THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES

(NHCP) has established that the first mass was said in Limasawa, Southern Leyte.

 LIMASAWA is widely accepted as the site of the First Catholic Mass in the
Philippines.

CAVITE MUTINY CONTROVERSY

PAG-AAKLAS SA CAVITE NOONG 1872

Filipino Translation: Sa Lungsod na ito, noong ika-20 ng enero 1872, Nag-aklas ang mga
200 Pilipino, sa pamumuno ni Sarhento La Madrid, bilang pagtutol sa pagpapairal sa kanila
ng pagbabayad ng buwis at sa pagpuwing sa kanilang karapatang mataliwas sa pilitang
paglilingkod bunga ng pag-aaklas ay ang pagpaparakip, paglilitis at pagbitay sa mga paring
JOSE BURGOS, JACINTO ZAMORA at MARIANO GOMEZ noong ika-17 ng Pebrero
1872, sa Bagumbayan, ngayo’y Rizal Park, Maynila.

English Translation: In this City, January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipinos, under the
leadership of Sergeant La Madrid, were on strike, as an opposition to the foreignment of
them from paying their taxes and to the exclusion of their right to compulsory service as a
result of the strike was the arrival, trial and execution of priests JOSE BURGOS, JACINTO
ZAMORA, and MARIANO GOMEZ on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan now Rizal
Park, Manila.

DEFINITIONS

CAVITE MUTINY: A major factor that awakening the nationalism among the Filipinos.
MUTINY: A rebellion against the authority

Comes from an old verb “MUTINE” which means “REVOLT”

GOMBURZA

 Collective name of the three martyred priests

 Tagged as the masterminds of the cavite mutiny

1. MARIANO GOMEZ
2. JOSE BURGOS
3. JACINTO ZAMORA

BATTLES IN THE CAVITE CONTROVERSY

 Fort San Felipe:

On January 20, 1872, a group of around 200 Filipino military personnel and laborers,
led by Fernando La Madrid, revolted against Spanish rule.

They seized Fort San Felipe and killed eleven Spanish officers.

 Spanish Siege:

The Spanish authorities, fearing a wider uprising, quickly responded. General Felipe
Ginoves led a regiment to besige Fort San Felipe, forcing the mutineers to surrender.

MAIN REASONS AS TO HOW THE CAVITE MUTINY OCCURED:

TAXES: The Spanish government made Filipino workers, like soldiers and shipyard
workers in Cavite pay taxes.

FORCED LABOR: Filipino men were required to work hard on government projects
without getting paid.

UNHAPPY SOLDIERS: Filipino soldiers and workers in Cavite were unhappy with their
working conditions.

IDEAS OF FREEDOM: By this time, some Filipinos had started learning about ideas like
freedom and equality from Europe.

CONFUSION AND FEAR: After the mutiny, the Spanish government thought there was a
bigger plan for rebellion.

EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA

JANUARY 20, 1872

  The failed mutiny
 The GomBurZa was charged with treason and sedition by Spaniards.

February 15, 1872

 Letter for the execution of GomBurZa

February 17, 1872

 The date of GomBurZa’s execution

October 1887

 Rizal wrote the “El Filibusterismo” which was dedicated to the three priests named
GomBurZa in Calamba, Laguna

December 30, 1896

 Rizal’s execution in Bagumbayan field in Laguna

August 23, 1896

 Andres Bonifacio who founded KKK fights his rights for the freedom of the Filipinos
against the Spaniards.

SOURCES

PRIMARY SOURCE

SECONDARY SOURCE
 RIZAL’S RETRACTION

WHAT IS RETRACTION?

 A public statement made about an earlier statement that withdraw, cancels refutes or
reverse the original statement or ceases and desists from publishing the original
statement

WHAT WAS THE RETRACTION ABOUT?

  The letter dates December 29, 1896 was said to have been signed by the national hero
himself rizal retracted because the church would not allow his marriage to Josephine
bracken unless he retracted his masonic affliation

MAIN ISSUES CONCERNING THE RETRACTION

 Rizal retraction his masonic affliation

 Rizal wrote and signed the retraction
 Rizal marriage to Josephine

RETRACTION OF RIZAL

- Execution of Rizal December. 30 1896

RIZAL CAUSE OF RETRACTION

- He went to protect his family

- To marry Jospehine Bracken

PRO-RETRACTION

-EVIDENCE-

 AFIDAVIT OF VICENTE BALAGUER (EYE WITNESS ACCOUNT)

- Retraction paper signed by Rizal, Senior Fresno, And Senior Maure
- Fr. Pio Pi
 RETRACTION PAPER
-Published In 1935
 CUERPO DE VIGILANCIA (SECRET AGENT)
- Federico Moreno
 ATI-RETRACTION
RAFAEL PALMA
- Biographer Of Rizal (1938)
DR. RICARDO PASCUAL
-Identify The Handwriting Of Rizal
ANTONIO ABAD
- Roman Roque
- Studied The Handwriting Of Rizal
CUERPO DE VIGILANCIA
- Fr. March
 - Villaclara

CRY OF BALINTAWAK CONTROVERSY

AUGUST 20, 23,24,25,26

Caloocan < Balintawak: Pugadlawin, Kangkong, Pasong Tamo, Bahay Toro

CRY OF PUGADLAWIN

SIGAW SA PUGADLAWIN

MELCHORA AQUINO “TANDANG SORA”

- Melchora Aquino was a Filipino revolutionary. She became known as "Tandang Sora"
because of her age during the Philippine Revolution. She was known as the "Grand Woman
of the Revolution" and the "Mother of Balintawak" for her contributions.

CEDULA/PAGPUPUNIT NG CEDULA – ANDRES BONIFACIO

FIRST ISSUE: August 23, 1896

- Balintawak, Caloocan

SECOND ISSUE: August 23, 1896

- Pugadlawin

PHILIPPINE FLAG CONTROVERSY

1. Inclusion of 1 Ray
2. Philippine Flag was Banned
3. Color of Flag “BLUE”

a. INCLUSION OF 1 RAY
- Rep. Omar Dianalan of Lanao Del Sur
1st District
– MOSLEM

b. PHILIPPINE FLAG WAS BANNED

- During American’s Occupation
 - Flag Law 1907
- Mr. Harrison

3 MAJOR ISLANDS ( 3 STARS)

1. LUZON
2. VISAYAS
3. MINDANAO

c. COLOR OF FLAG
- Executive order no.1010 on February 25, 1985
Celeste Blue – Sky
Azure Blue – Sea
Blue – Navy Blue to Darker Blue

8 PROVINCES

1. CAVITEMANILA
2. LAGUNA
3. NUEVA ECIJA
4. PAMPANGA
5. BULACAN
6. TARLAC
7. BATANGAS