Kingdom of Saudi Arabia المملكة العربية السعودية
Ministry of Higher Education
وزارة التعليم العالي
Najran University
College of Computer Science and جامعة نجران
Information Systems كلية علوم الحاسب ونظم المعلومات
Department of Information Systems قسم نظم المعلومات
Student Name: Mohammad Ali Salem Al-Dghirir Student ID:444100987
Academic Year 1445/1446H (2023/2024)
Assignment_02
Course Name: E- Commerce
Course Code: 231CIS-3
Student’s Name: Mohammad Ali Salem Al-Dghirir Academic ID: 444100987
General Instructions:
• Answer all questions in the provided question paper.
• Write clearly your name and academic ID in the space provided on this page.
• This assignment consists of four questions
• Read each question completely before solving any part.
• After completing all questions, submit answer using Blackboard.
• Save this document as PDF, using your student ID followed by your last name: 44xxxxx_lastName
• Cheating will result zero in the question. Do not copy from the internet or the slide directly, use
your own words.
• Deadline for submitting this assignment is
Monday Oct.28th, 2024 (11:59pm)
/2
2*1= 2Mark
Q1: What’s the different between Vertical Exchange and Horizontal Exchange? What’s dynamic
pricing?
Term Definition Example
Vertical Markets that connect buyers and sellers An online platform for the
Exchange within a specific industry or vertical market, automotive industry connecting
focusing on a particular category of products manufacturers and suppliers.
or services.
Horizontal Broader markets that facilitate transactions A general online marketplace like
Exchange across multiple industries, focusing on a wide Amazon or eBay.
variety of products and services.
Dynamic A pricing strategy where prices are adjusted Airline ticket prices that fluctuate
Pricing in real-time based on multiple factors such as based on demand or ride-sharing
demand, competition, and customer behavior. service prices during peak hours.
Dynamic pricing is a pricing strategy where prices are adjusted in real-time based on various factors
such as demand, competition, customer behavior, and market conditions. This approach allows
businesses to maximize revenue by responding to changing market dynamics.
2
/1
Q2: What is Market liquidity.
refers to the ability to quickly buy or sell an asset in a market without causing a significant change in its
price. High liquidity means that there are many buyers and sellers in the market, making it easier to
execute transactions. Here are key points about market liquidity:
1. Ease of Transactions: In a liquid market, assets can be bought or sold quickly with minimal
price fluctuations. This is important for traders and investors who need to enter or exit positions
rapidly.
2. Market Depth: Liquidity is often measured by the market depth, which indicates the volume of
orders at various price levels. A market with greater depth can accommodate larger transactions
without significant price changes.
3. Bid-Ask Spread: A narrower bid-ask spread (the difference between the price buyers are
willing to pay and the price sellers are asking for) typically indicates higher liquidity.
4. Types of Assets: Liquid assets (like stocks of large companies or government bonds) can be
traded easily, while illiquid assets (like real estate or collectibles) may take longer to sell and
can incur larger price changes.
5. Impact on Investors: High liquidity is generally favorable for investors as it allows for more
flexibility and lower transaction costs. Conversely, low liquidity can lead to higher volatility
and increased risk.
3
/2
2*1= 2 Mark
Q3: Explain CIA security traid? What’s the different between Authentication and Authorization
?
CIA Security Triad
The CIA triad is a foundational concept in information security, representing three core principles:
1. Confidentiality: Ensures that sensitive information is accessed only by authorized individuals.
Techniques to maintain confidentiality include encryption, access controls, and data masking.
2. Integrity: Ensures that data remains accurate and unaltered during storage and transmission.
Integrity can be maintained through checksums, hash functions, and digital signatures, which
help detect unauthorized changes.
3. Availability: Ensures that information and resources are accessible to authorized users when
needed. This can involve implementing redundancy, failover systems, and regular maintenance
to prevent downtime.
Difference Between Authentication and Authorization
• Authentication: This is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system. It answers the
question, "Who are you?" Common methods include:
o Passwords
o Biometric scans (fingerprints, facial recognition)
o Two-factor authentication (2FA)
• Authorization: This occurs after authentication and determines what an authenticated user is
allowed to do. It answers the question, "What can you do?" Authorization controls access levels
to resources, such as:
o User roles (admin, user, guest)
o Permissions (read, write, delete)
4
Good Luck
