CHAPTER 1 CHEMICAL BONDING AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

EXERCISES
Q 1 to Q 4 (Understanding)
1 Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements. If FALSE, correct it.
(a) Chemical bonding occurs only by transferring valence electrons between the atoms involved
in the bond.
(b) To transfer a valence elecron, the atom must have higher electronegativity than another atoms.
(c) The molecular shape of a water molecule, H2O, is linear.
(d) Beryllium chloride, BeCl2, is a stable molecule that follows the octet rule.
(e) Carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is a polar covalent molecule.
2 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word or phrase as necessary.
(a) A bond’s polarity is determined by the _____ of two bonded atoms.
(b) In ionic compounds, the oppositely charged ions are held together by strong ____.
(c) The weak intermolecular forces that bind molecules together are known as _____.
(d) The shape of ammonia molecule is _____.
(e) The strength of metallic bonding increases with the decreasing size of the _____ ion in the lattice.
3 Choose the correct answer.
(a) The element having ( A. a high electron affinity, B. high electron affinity and electronegativity,
C. a high electeonegativity ) favours the formation of an anion.
(b) The electrons located in the outer shell of an atom are known as ( A. valence electrons, B. valency,
C. the sea of mobile electrons ) of the atom.
(c) Nitrogen oxide, NO is a ( A. polar, B. non-polar, C. triatomic ) covalent molecue.
(d) In a diamond, each carbon atom is joined to ( A. three, B. four, C. five) other carbon atoms forming
a gient covalent structure.
(e) In the HCl molecule, there are ( A. six, B. four, C. three ) unshared pair electrons on the Cl atom.
4 Answer the following:
(a) (i) Why is chemical bonding important?
(ii) How can a chemical bond form between two atoms?
(b) (i) Write the complete electronic configuration for each of the folowing elements:
6C; 17Cl; 15P; 12Mg; 18Ar; 16S; 19K
(ii) Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms: 3Li, 14Si, 15P, 10Ne, 18Ar.
(iii) What do Lewis symbol for atoms show?
(c) Classify the types of intermolecular forces and arrange their strengths in increasing order.
Q 5 to Q 11 (Analysing and Problem Solving)
5 (a) Using Lewis structures, show how ionic bond formed between the elements in each of
the following pairs: (i) 19K and 35Br (ii) 20Ca and 17Cl
(b) Describe the formation of magnesium fluoride compound using Lewis symbols.
(c) Briefly discuss the structure of solid sodium chloride.
6 (a) What would happen when two hydrogen atoms are approaching one another?
(b) Explain how the covalent bonding takes place in a molecule.
(c) Arrange the single, double and triple bonds in increasing order of bond length and bond strength.
Give reasons for your answers.
7 (a) What are the differences between covalent bonding and coordinate bonding?
Explain with examples.
(b) Explain the formation of hydonium ion using the Lewis structre.
8 (a) How do you understand the VSEPR theory?
(b) Draw the Lewis structures and predict the molecular shapes for BF 3 and CF4.
 9 Given the following Lewis structure, where X and Y each represents a different elements.
.. (i) What is the valency of X?
X:Y:X (ii) What is the valency of Y?
X (iii) What elements would X and Y represent?
(iv) Name the molecule formed from X and Y.
10 (a) What are the differences between polar and non-polar molecules?
(b) Compare the polarity of each of the following pairs of molecules.
(i) H2O and CO2 (ii) CCl4 and CHCl3
11 Describe the molecular conditions necessary for the existence of a (i) dipole-dipole interaction,
(ii) London dispersion force, and (iii) hydrogen bonds.
Q 12 to Q 19 (Applying and Critical Thinking)
12 (a) What are the differences between metallic bonding and ionic bonding?
(b) Explain that metals can conduct electricity but solid ionic compounds cannot conduct.
(c) Which metal has the higher melting point in the given substances - divalent or trivalent metals?
Give a reason for your answer.
13 Magnesium nitride, Mg3N2, is produced when nitrogen gas is passed over red-hot megnesium metal.
(i) Identify the type of the compound. Give a reason for your answer.
(ii) Describe the formation of the compound using the Lewis symbols and Lewis structure.
(iii) Does the compound have a high or low melting point? Give a reason for your answer.
14 Three elements: 13X, 9Y, and 17Z are given. (electronegativities: X=1.5, Y=4.0, Z=3.0)
(i) What type of compound is formed between the given pairs: 13X and 9Y, and 13X and 17Z?
(ii) Give a Lewis dot structure for each compound.
(iii) Give the possible formula of each of the unknown compounds.
(iv) Predict the molecular shape of a covalent molecule.
15 What happens when ammonia combines with boron trifluoride? Explain briefly.
16 How do you draw the Lewis structures for the following molecules?
(i) PF3 (ii) PF5 (iii) SF4 (iv) SF6 (v) AlBr3 (vi) NO (vii) IF3
Which of these molecules are electron-deficient molecules?
Which of these molecules are expanded valence shell molecules?
17 Predict the shapes of CH4, NH3, and H2O molecules with explanation.
18 Draw the Lewis structures and indicate the types of chemical bonding existing in each of the following
substances:
(i) Na2CO3 (ii) (NH4)2SO4 (iii) NH4Cl (iv) KOH
19 Identify the chemical bonding between atoms, and intermolecular forces existing in the following
substances with appropriate diagrams.
(a) SO2 (b) KOH aqueous solution (c) I2 (d) dry ice, CO2 (e) Ne