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MICT-1201: Cloud Computing

Lecture 2

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Computing
Paradigms

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Computing Paradigms
• In phase 1, many users shared powerful mainframes using
dummy terminals.
• In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to
meet the majority of users’ needs.
• In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected
together through local networks to share resources and
increase performance.
• In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local
networks forming a global network such as the Internet to
utilize remote applications and resources.
• In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing
power and storage through a distributed computing system.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Computing Paradigms
• In phase 6, cloud computing further provides shared
resources on the Internet in a scalable and simple way.

Differences between Cloud Computing and Mainframe Computing

• Mainframe computing offers finite computing power, while

cloud computing provides almost infinite power and
capacity.
• In addition, in mainframe computing dummy terminals acted
as user interface devices, while in cloud computing powerful
PCs can provide local computing power and cashing support.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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History of Cloud Computing

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Architectures
• Scalable resource allocation
• Tailored services
– Software as a Service (SaaS)
– Platform as a Service (PaaS)
– Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Layers of Cloud Computing
• The services offered through cloud
computing usually include IT services
referred as to SaaS (Software-as-a-
Service), which is shown on top of the
stack. SaaS allows users to run
applications remotely from the cloud.
• Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) refers
to computing resources as a service.
This includes virtualized computers
with guaranteed processing power and
reserved bandwidth for storage and
Internet access.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Layers of Cloud Computing
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) is similar to
IaaS, but also includes operating systems
and required services for a particular
application. In other words, PaaS is IaaS
with a custom software stack for the
given application.
• The PaaS provides IDE including data
security, backup and recovery,
application hosting, and scalable
architecture.
• The data-Storage-as-a-Service (dSaaS)
provides storage that the consumer is
used including bandwidth requirements
for the storage.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Service Classes

Ex: Salesforce.com Ex: Apple’s iTunes

Vouk, M. A. (June 2008). Cloud computing – Issues, research and implementations.Proceedings of the ITI 30th
International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, Cavtat, Croatia, 31–40.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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PaaS Example

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Architectures

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Layers
• Application Service (SaaS)
– MS Live/Exchange, Google Docs, Salesforce.com, Quicken
Online, Jupyter
• Application Platform (PaaS)
– Google App Engine, Heroku, AWS
• Server Platform (IaaS)
– Google Compute Engine, Amazon EC2, OpenStack,
Eucalpytus

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Layers
Services Description
Services – Complete business services such as
Services PayPal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, Alexa

Application Application – Cloud based software that

Application eliminates the need for local installation such
as Google Apps, Microsoft Online
Focused
Development – Software development
Development platforms used to build custom cloud based
applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce

Platform – Cloud based platforms, typically

Platform provided using virtualization, such as Amazon
ECC, Sun Grid

Infrastructure Storage Storage – Data storage or cloud based NAS

such as iCoud, Dropbox, CloudNAS
Focused
Hosting – Physical data centers such as those
Hosting run by IBM, HP, Amazon, etc.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Deployment Models
• In the public cloud (or external cloud) computing resources
are dynamically provisioned over the Internet via Web
applications or Web services from an off-site third-party
provider.
– Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different
customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage
systems, and networks.
• Private cloud (or internal cloud) refers to cloud computing
on private networks.
– Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing full
control over data, security, and QoS.
• A hybrid cloud environment combines multiple public and
private cloud models.
– Hybrid clouds introduce the complexity of determining how to distribute
applications across both a public and private cloud.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Deployment Models

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Deployment Models

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing vs. Cloud Services
• Cloud computing is the IT foundation for cloud services
and it consists of technologies that enable cloud services.

• We present two tables that show the differences and major

attributes of cloud computing versus cloud services

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Key Cloud Computing Attributes
Key Cloud Computing Attributes (adapted from Jens (2008))

Vouk, M. A. (June 2008). Cloud computing – Issues, research and implementations.Proceedings of the ITI 30th
International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, Cavtat, Croatia, 31–40.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Key Cloud Services Attributes

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Summary
• Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to
refer to Internet based development and
services.
• Characteristics of cloud data, applications,
services, and infrastructure:
– Remotely hosted: Services and data are hosted on remote
resources.
– Ubiquitous: Services and data are available from anywhere.
– Commodified: The result is a utility computing model similar to
traditional utilities such as electricity and water.
• You pay for what you use!

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing
• Everyone has an opinion on what to use a cloud
for
– Applications on the internet – email, tax prep
– Storage for business, personal data
– Web services for photos, maps, GPS
– Rent a virtual server, load software on it, turn it on /off,
clone it if sudden workload demand increases
– Store, secure data for authorized access (really?)
– Use a platform including OS, Apache, MySQL, Python,
PHP

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
• So what are its characteristics?
• Described as: On-demand computing, pay as you go, software as
a service, utility computing
• Usually costs, but cost-effective
• Emphasizes availability
• Virtualization
• Scalable (expand on current hardware)
• Elastic (dynamically add hardware as needed by
application/user)
• Distributed and highly parallel approach
• Replication, replication, replication …

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
• On-demand self service:
– Cloud computing resources can be provisioned on-demand by
the users, without requiring interactions with the cloud service
provider. The process of provisioning resources is automated.

• Broad network access:

– Cloud computing resources can be accessed over the network
using standard access mechanisms that provide platform-
independent access through the use of heterogeneous client
platforms such as workstations, laptops, tablets and
smartphones.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
• Resource pooling:
– The computing and storage resources provided by cloud service
providers are pooled to serve multiple users using multi-
tenancy. Multi-tenant aspects of the cloud allow multiple users to
be served by the same physical hardware.

• Rapid elasticity:
– Cloud computing resources can be provisioned rapidly and
elastically. Cloud resources can be rapidly scaled up or down
based on demand.

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Cloud Computing Characteristics
• Reliability:
– Applications deployed in cloud computing environments generally have a
higher reliability since the underlying IT infrastructure is professionally
managed by the cloud service.

• Multi-tenancy:
– The multi-tenanted approach of the cloud allows multiple users to make
use of the same shared resources.
– In virtual multi-tenancy, computing and storage resources are shared
among multiple users.
– In organic multi-tenancy every component in the system architecture is
shared among multiple tenants

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Client/Server vs. Cloud Architecture

Cloud Cloud
Interface Admin

Storage Server
Switch/
Router
Network Compute
Network
Node

Compute
Node

Storage
Client Client Client Client Client Client Node

Client/Server Architecture Cloud Architecture

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Super Clouds

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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What Motivated Cloud Computing
Initial motivation:
– Web-scale problems
Solutions:
– Large data centers
How to access:
– Highly-interactive Web applications (thin client)

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Initial motivation: Web-Scale Problems
• Characteristics:
– Definitely data-intensive
– May also be processing intensive
• Examples:
– Crawling, indexing, searching, mining the Web
– “Post-genomics” life sciences research
– Other scientific data (physics, astronomers, etc.)
– Sensor networks
– Web 2.0 applications
– SmartThings/home integration

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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How much data?
• Google processes over 24 PB a day (24k terabytes)
• CERN’s LHC generates 25 PB a year
• “all words ever spoken by human beings” ~ 5 EB (5m terabytes)
• Amount of data that exists in the digital universe – 3+ ZB (3b
terabytes)
• Brain Research through Advancing Innovative
Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) project – est: multiple yottabyes
(trillions of terabytes)
• LARGE data is the next frontier
• How do we store this amount of data?
– HDD density
– SDD density
• How do we filter/access useful information?

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Applications
• What does cloud computing actually do?
– Consider applications you may currently be running on laptop,
desktop, phone, server
– Cloud has them also, or can potentially bring them to you
– Brings applications, views, manipulates, shares data

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Clouds
• Allow access to applications other than on local
computer or internet connected device
But
Only as long as have internet connection

• Instead, company hosts your application - Advantages?

– No more licenses, service packs, etc.
– Less hardware, etc.
– Can access anywhere

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Potential Problems
• Internet connection
– Completely dependent on network
• Cloud site failure
– Back-end server/network failure
may
Result in inaccessible data
• Sensitive information
– How much do you trust the public
cloud vendor?
• Application integration –
(exchange info when local and
on cloud)

Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU

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Lecture 2 Dr. Sajeeb Saha, Dept. of CSE, JnU