A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
A QUASI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIBLIOTHERAPY ON LEVEL OF
SELF-ESTEEM AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED
HIGH SCHOOL, SHAHJAHANPUR, UTTAR PRADESH
Ms. Mohini Gupta 1* , Mrs. Renuka Polly Dass 2
Abstract
The aims of this study is to assess the level of self esteem among adolescent and determine the
effectiveness of Bibliotherapy.
Background of the study: Low self-esteem in adolescents aged 12 to 15 can lead to friendship difficulties,
feelings of victimization, loneliness, avoidance of new experiences, and a struggle with failure.
Bibliotherapy, involving specific text reading, offers therapeutic support, helping teenagers overcome these
challenges by creating strong connections and transporting them to different times and places through
reading.
Objectives: To assess the pretest and post-test level of self-esteem among adolescents. To evaluate the
effectiveness of Bibliotherapy by comparing the pre and post-test levels of self-esteem among adolescents.
To determine the association between the pretest level of self-esteem among adolescents with their selected
demographic variables.
Conceptual framework: The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on Modified Kenny’s
Open System model.
Materials and Methods: A quantitative research study was done. A quasi-experimental study, one-group
pretest, posttest design was adopted for the present study.
Sample: The accessible population for the study consists of high school adolescents. The study was
conducted in St. Paul’s Inter College Shahjahanpur, U.P. The sample size was 50, selected by non-probability
purposive sampling technique.
Data Collection: Data was collected using the self-esteem structured inventory scale. The data was
organized in a master data sheet and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as per the objectives
of the study using SPSS, version20 software.
Results: The pre and post-test self-esteem scores among adolescents indicate that at pre-test, the mean self-
esteem score and SD was 38.06 ± 4.191, whereas at posttest, it was 67.94 ± 5.815. The obtained t & p value
for the pretest was t = 33.177, p = 0.0001. The t-test revealed that there was a significant difference within
both the groups at pretest and posttest scores. Thus, it can be interpreted that the posttest has rapidly
improved the level of self-esteem compared to the pretest. It shows that Bibliotherapy was effective in
improving the level of self-esteem among adolescents.
Key words: Effectiveness, Bibliotherapy, Self-esteem, Adolescents, High School.
1*
Master of Nursing, Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Rohilkhand
College of Nursing, Bareilly International University, Bareilly-243002 Uttar Pradesh
Email: gmohini374@[Link]
2
Associate Professor, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Rohilkhand College of Nursing, Bareilly
International University, Bareilly-243002 Uttar Pradesh. Email: peterrenuka158@[Link]
*Corresponding Author: Ms. Mohini Gupta
*Master of Nursing, Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Rohilkhand
College of Nursing, Bareilly International University, Bareilly-243002 Uttar Pradesh
Email: gmohini374@[Link]
DOI: - 10.48047/ecb/2023.12.Si13.178
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 13), 937 –942 937
A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
INTRODUCTION potential consequences on the mental well-being
Teenagers are frequently distinguished by their of students in the country.
vigor, promise and ambition. They are at a point Book therapy is a therapeutic method that
in their lives where they are starting to develop promotes positive communication between the
and go for their dreams, objectives, and client and the therapist. The goal of using
aspirations. Their renewed motivation may inspire literature is to help the client better understand
individuals to pursue a range of hobbies, abilities their situation by having them interact with
and skills. Adolescents are at a prime age to relevant readings.
realize their potential and find their passions Bibliotherapy involves a structured process
because of their exceptional ability for learning encompassing three fundamental steps, enabling
and personal development. readers to derive benefits from the therapeutic
According to the World Health Organization potential of literature. The initial step involves
(WHO), self- esteem is the amalgamation of self- identification, wherein the reader establishes a
confidence and self-respect. It is the firm belief psychological connection with a character or
that an individual possesses the competence to situation depicted within the book. Subsequently,
handle the fundamental challenges of life and catharsis occurs as the reader empathizes and
deserves happiness. In essence, self esteem shares the emotional and motivational experiences
reflects one’s perception and assessment of their of character. Lastly, the insight phase occurs,
own skills, worth, and capacity to navigate life’s wherein the reader gains a profound understanding
demands successfully. that their own personal circumstances can be
effectively addressed by adopting and
The National Crime Records Bureau 2012 implementing ideas and strategies acquired from
reported a well documented relationship between the reading materials.
academic stress and low self-esteem in India. In
2012, a distressing number of 2,246 adolescents The primary objective of the present research was
tragically took their own lives due to examination to provide educators with strategies to address
failure. In the latest date released by the NCRB on students emotional and self-esteem related
January 18, 2022, it was revealed that India concerns, as well as academic issues, through the
reached a new record high of 12,526 student application of bibliotherapy. A sourcebook for
suicides. These statistics shed light on the educators offers information on bibliotherapy and
concerning impact of academic pressure and its its implementation in the classroom.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 13), 937 –942 938
A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 13), 937 –942 939
A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
RESEARCH SETTING • Section B: A self structured self- esteem
The study was conducted in selected school of inventory scale was prepared consisting of 20
Shahjahanpur. The school were: questions related to level of self- esteem. Each
For Pilot study- B.S. Public school, and every questions had four options almost
Shahjahanpur. always (4), often (3), seldom (2), almost never
For Main study- St. Paul’s Inter College, (1).
Shahjahanpur.
RESULTS
Description of the tools The study findings indicate that implementing
• Section A: Demographic data consist of 9 items bibliotherapy as a classroom intervention program
included age, gender, religion,. place of had a significantly positive impact on the self-
Residence, family type, order of birth, previous esteem of adolescents. Before the intervention.
exposure with the unexpected events like, most adolescents exhibited mild levels of self-
monthly income of the family, monthly pocket esteem, which improved after intervention. This
money of child. specifies the effectiveness of the therapy sessions
and underscores the importance of raising
awareness about self-esteem.
Table no. 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of study participants. N= 50
S. No. Demographic variables Frequency Percentage
1. Age
a) 12 years 09 18
b) 13 years 20 40
c) 14 years 09 18
d) 15 years 12 24
2. Gender
a) Male 23 46
b) Female 27 54
3. Religion
a) Hindu 22 44
b) Muslim 10 20
c) Christian 08 16
d) Others 10 20
4. Type of family
a) Nuclear family 23 46
b) Joint family 14 28
c) Extended family 13 26
5. Place of residence
a) Urban 28 56
b) Rural 22 44
6. Order of birth
a) One 20 40
b) Two 13 26
c) Above two 17 34
7. Previous exposure with the unexpected events likes
a) Major personal injury or illness 11 22
b) Break up with a girlfriend/ boyfriend 08 16
c) Divorce between parents 08 16
d) Rustication from school 11 22
e) No any exposure 12 24
8. Monthly income of the family
a) Less than 50000 27 54
b) 50000-100000 15 30
c) More than 100000 08 16
9. Monthly pocket money of child
a) 200 Rupees 27 54
b) 500 Rupees 13 26
c) 700 Rupees 06 12
d) 1000 Rupees 04 08
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 13), 937 –942 940
A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
Table no. 2: Frequency & percentage distribution of pretest and post-test level of self- esteem among
adolescents. N=50
Level of Self-esteem Score Pre test Post test
Freq. % Freq. %
Low self esteem 0-20 00 00 00 00
Mild self esteem 21-40 38 76 00 00
Moderate self esteem 41-60 12 24 10 20
High self esteem 61-80 00 00 40 80
Maximum score=80
80%
70%
60%
50%
40% Pre test
Post test
30%
20%
10%
0%
Low self- Mild self- Moderate self- High self-
esteem esteem esteem esteem
Figure No.1: Conical diagram showing the percentage distribution of pre-test and posttest level of self-
esteem among adolescent.
Table no. 3: Comparison of pre and post-test score of level of self-esteem among adolescents.
N=50
Level of self esteem Mean ± SD Mean Difference Paired ‘t’ value p-value
Pretest 38.06 ± 4.191
Post test 67.94 ± 5.815 29.88 33.177 0.0001*
Dependent t- test
t49= 1.676at p<0.05 level of significance, *significant
Mean score
80
70
60 67.94
Mean value
50
40
30 38.06 Mean…
20
10
0
Pretest Post test
Level of Self-esteem
Figure No.2 : Line graph representation of estimted marginal mean value of self esteem.
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12(Special Issue 13), 937 –942 941
A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Bibliotherapy On
Level of Self-Esteem Among Adolescents in Selected High School, Shahjahanpur,
Uttar Pradesh Section A-Research paper
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